A magnetic pole array levitation-coupling transmission device and its array layout method
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202611169495.X
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-08-04
- Publication Date
- 2026-10-20
AI Technical Summary
[0003]本发明旨在提供一种无需外部电源、无需电磁控制、结构简洁的磁极阵列悬浮-耦合传动装置，以解决现有磁悬浮装置无法持续驱动、现有磁力耦合器结构复杂及能耗较高的问题
[0007]本发明无需外部电源或电磁控制系统(当采用永磁体时)，结构简洁，制造成本较低，可应用于磁悬浮教学演示、磁力传动、密封环境下的非接触驱动以及手动控制传动装置等领域。与利维特陀螺仅能实现被动悬浮和惯性旋转不同，本发明通过C盘的磁力耦合实现了B盘的持续驱动，并通过三层盘结构实现了悬浮与驱动的协同工作。实验验证表明，在采用永磁体实施的样机中，A盘固定条件下，AB双盘独立旋转平均同步持续运转时间为141秒，ABC三盘联动平均同步持续运转时间为125秒，所有测试均以自然停止结束，并呈现可重复的阻尼振荡现象，验证了磁力耦合与悬浮协同作用的有效性。本发明的阵列布局方式参考了自然界中螺旋与涡旋结构的空间分布特征，具有较好的扩展性与适应性。通过引入人字形齿轮的对称受力原理，可进一步优化阵列布局，提升系统运行的平稳性和可靠性。
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of permanent magnet transmission and magnetic levitation technology, specifically to a device that achieves levitation, coupling, transmission and attitude stabilization through a multi-layer magnetic pole array, which is particularly suitable for applications of non-contact rotary drive and low-friction support. Background Technology
[0002] Existing Levitron magnetic levitation gyroscopes utilize the repulsive force between permanent magnets to achieve passive levitation and maintain rotational stability through the gyroscopic effect. While this device can levitate without an external power source, its levitation height and load capacity are limited, and its rotational speed gradually decreases with inertia, making continuous drive or power output impossible. Existing magnetic couplers mostly rely on electromagnetic control or contact transmission, resulting in complex structures, high energy consumption, and the inability to simultaneously achieve levitation and transmission functions within the same structure. Existing permanent magnet brushless motors typically rely on electronic controllers to programmatically commutate the coil current to generate and switch the rotating magnetic field, requiring a continuous external power supply for operation. Compared to existing Levitron gyroscopes and Heilbeck arrays, this invention employs a helical involute path arrangement of magnetic poles and utilizes a three-layer disk structure to achieve coordinated operation of magnetic bearings, magnetic coupling, magnetic gears, and the magnetic gyroscope, solving the problems of separation of levitation and drive functions and the inability to continuously output power in existing technologies. Summary of the Invention
[0003] This invention aims to provide a magnetic pole array levitation-coupling transmission device that requires no external power supply, no electromagnetic control, and has a simple structure, thereby solving the problems of existing magnetic levitation devices being unable to continuously drive, and existing magnetic couplers having complex structures and high energy consumption. This invention provides a magnetic pole array levitation-coupling transmission device comprising a three-layer disk structure: disk A, disk B, and disk C. Disk A is a fixed disk, with its magnetic pole array arranged with the SS poles facing each other relative to disk B, generating axial repulsion and forming a magnetic bearing function, enabling disk B to achieve axial levitation without mechanical contact. The repulsive force between disk A and disk B forms a magnetic coupling relationship, allowing disk B to respond to changes in the magnetic field of disk A while levitating. Disk B is a levitation disk, with its magnetic pole array arranged in multiple layers on its surface, serving as an intermediary layer for levitation and transmission. The angular momentum generated by the rotation of disk B forms a magnetic gyroscope function, enhancing the system's attitude stability under disturbances. Disk C is a driving disk, with a magnetic pole or magnetic conductor array on its surface. The magnetic coupling between disk C and disk B forms a magnetic coupling function, driving disk B to rotate. The magnetic pole arrays on disks B and C function as a magnetic gear through a specific phase relationship, controlling the synchronous or slip transmission characteristics between the two disks. By adjusting the gap between disks A and B, the engagement and disengagement states can be controlled, forming a magnetic clutch function. The magnetic pole array is arranged in a helical involute path along the circumference.
[0004] Each disk has a diameter of 280 mm. Disk A uses a 34 counterclockwise arrangement with four rings of magnetic poles: four layers in the inner ring, three layers in the second ring, two layers in the third ring, and one layer in the outermost ring, with the S pole facing upwards. Disk B uses a 21 clockwise arrangement with three rings of magnetic poles: three layers in the inner ring, two layers in the middle ring, and one layer in the outermost ring, with the S pole facing downwards. Disk C has a 0.5 mm thick magnetic conductive iron sheet adhered to its surface, arranged in a 21 clockwise three-layer structure, with an additional layer of magnets on the outermost ring, with the S pole facing downwards, to enhance the magnetic coupling strength in the outer ring area. The magnets or iron sheets are distributed with the center line of the inner ring magnetic poles 70 mm from the center and the center line of the outer ring magnetic poles 15 mm from the outer edge of the disk, with an effective radial width of 55 mm. The magnets used are neodymium iron boron permanent magnets, with a diameter of 6 mm and a thickness of 2 mm. The magnetic pole array can be composed of permanent magnets, or it can be replaced by an equivalent magnetic source composed of electromagnetic coils without changing the array phase layout, so as to achieve adjustable control of the magnetic field strength. The axial gap between disk A and disk B is 4 mm, and the axial gap between disk B and disk C is 11 mm. This gap is adjusted by shims at the bottom of the bearing. Each shim is 1 mm thick, and a total of 3 shims are installed, with a total adjustment range of 3 mm. In the cardboard prototype, the magnetic poles are arranged in a brick-seam alignment manner. In the acrylic prototype, in order to reduce magnetic field interference between magnetic poles and improve levitation stability, the four coils of magnetic poles of disk A and the three coils of magnetic poles of disk B are adjusted to be aligned in a radially even distribution, no longer maintaining the brick-seam alignment. Experiments show that this adjustment is beneficial to improving levitation stability. Disk C can be driven to rotate by an external drive source, including manual drive, motor drive, wind drive, water drive, inertial flywheel drive, or external magnetic coupling drive.
[0005] The array layout of the present invention can further incorporate the symmetrical force principle of herringbone gears, that is, by introducing a symmetrical phase difference in the magnetic pole arrangement, the tangential force is evenly distributed in the circumferential direction, thereby effectively offsetting the unilateral oblique thrust and further improving the stability of the system operation.
[0006] Beneficial effects
[0007] This invention requires no external power supply or electromagnetic control system (when using permanent magnets), has a simple structure, and low manufacturing cost. It can be applied to fields such as magnetic levitation teaching demonstrations, magnetic transmission, non-contact drive in sealed environments, and manually controlled transmission devices. Unlike the Levitt gyroscope, which can only achieve passive levitation and inertial rotation, this invention achieves continuous drive of disk B through magnetic coupling of disk C, and realizes the coordinated operation of levitation and drive through a three-layer disk structure. Experimental verification shows that in the prototype using permanent magnets, with disk A fixed, the average continuous synchronous operation time of independent rotation of disks AB is 141 seconds, and the average continuous synchronous operation time of coordinated operation of disks ABC is 125 seconds. All tests ended naturally and exhibited repeatable damped oscillation phenomena, verifying the effectiveness of the synergistic effect of magnetic coupling and levitation. The array layout of this invention references the spatial distribution characteristics of spiral and vortex structures in nature, possessing good scalability and adaptability. By introducing the symmetrical force principle of herringbone gears, the array layout can be further optimized, improving the stability and reliability of system operation. Attached Figure Description
[0008] Figure 1 This is a top view of disk A of the present invention, showing the distribution of four rings of magnetic poles arranged counterclockwise and the spiral involute path. Figure 2 This is a top view of disk B of the present invention, showing the distribution of three clockwise magnetic poles, the spiral involute path, and the inner and outer diameters and opening positions of the nylon sleeve of disk B. Figure 3 This is a top view of drive C of the present invention, showing the distribution of three rings of magnetic iron sheets arranged clockwise and the central bearing mounting hole. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the base structure of the present invention, showing the internal structure of the base, the depth of the sinking, and the cooperation relationship of each component. Figure 5 This is a side view of the overall assembly of the present invention, showing the relative positions and axial clearances of disk A, disk B, disk C, base, optical axis, bearing and nylon sleeve. Detailed Implementation
[0009] In actual assembly, disk A is fixed to the shaft, disk B is fitted onto the shaft and can slide freely along the axial direction, and disk C is mounted on the shaft via bearings and can rotate independently. Fixing disk A is crucial for ensuring stable system operation; experiments show that if disk A is not fixed, disk B may experience oblique attraction in the low-speed region. By adjusting the thickness of the shims between disks B and C, the axial clearance between them can be changed, thereby adjusting the magnetic coupling strength and levitation stability. The arrangement of the magnetic pole array can be adjusted in terms of the number of layers and turns according to specific application requirements to change the magnetic field distribution and coupling characteristics.
[0010] In this embodiment, the diameter of all disks is 280 mm. Disk A uses four rings of magnetic poles arranged counterclockwise with 34 poles. From the inner ring to the outer ring, the arrangement is: four layers in the inner ring, three layers in the second ring, two layers in the third ring, and one layer in the outermost ring, with the S pole facing upwards. Disk B uses three rings of magnetic poles arranged clockwise with 21 poles. From the inner ring to the outer ring, the arrangement is: three layers in the inner ring, two layers in the middle ring, and one layer in the outermost ring, with the S pole facing downwards. Disk C uses a 21-pole clockwise arrangement of magnetic conductive iron sheets or magnetic pole arrays, corresponding to disk B. The iron sheets are 0.5 mm thick, and an additional layer of magnets is added to the outermost ring with the S pole facing downwards to enhance the magnetic coupling strength of the outer ring.
[0011] The optical shaft has a diameter of 10 mm, and the shaft section embedded in the base is 10 mm long. The lower end of the optical shaft is machined to 7.8 mm, with a total shaft length of 22 mm, including a 19 mm threaded section for mates with a ceramic bearing with an 8 mm inner diameter. The 8 mm shaft end extends into the lower part of the base, with a length of 24 mm. The ceramic bearing has an inner diameter of 8 mm, an outer diameter of 22 mm, and a thickness of 7 mm. The bearing mounting hole on disc C is machined to 22.1 to 22.2 mm to match the 22 mm outer diameter of the bearing. The nylon sleeve on disc B has an inner diameter of 10.3 mm, an outer diameter of 14 mm, and a thickness of 3 mm. The opening diameter on disc B is 14.2 mm to match the outer diameter of the nylon sleeve. The total thickness of the base is 35 mm. The upper diameter of the base hole is 10 mm to mate with the 10 mm section of the optical shaft, and the lower diameter of the base hole is 8 mm to mate with the 8 mm shaft end section.
[0012] The placement of the magnets is determined by the intersections of the spiral involutes and concentric circles on the disk surface. Disk A has 34 involutes intersecting with four concentric circles; disk B has 21 involutes intersecting with three concentric circles; and disk C has 21 involutes intersecting with three concentric circles. The magnets are attached according to the intersection points, forming a spiral involute array.
[0013] The dimensions listed above are all measured values in this embodiment. Minor errors may exist during processing and assembly, but they do not affect the implementation of the overall technical solution of this invention or the repeatability of the experimental results. The magnetic pole array in this invention can be composed of permanent magnets or electromagnetic coils. When using permanent magnets, the device does not require an external power supply; when using electromagnetic coils, the magnetic field strength can be changed by adjusting the coil current to adapt to different working conditions. Both embodiments fall within the protection scope of this invention.
Claims
1. A magnetic pole array suspension-coupling transmission device, characterized in that, It comprises a three-layer disk structure: disk A, disk B, and disk C. Disk A is a fixed disk, with its magnetic pole array arranged with the SS poles facing each other to disk B, generating axial repulsion and forming a magnetic bearing function, enabling disk B to achieve axial levitation without mechanical contact. Disk A and disk B form a magnetic coupling relationship through repulsion, allowing disk B to respond to changes in the magnetic field of disk A while in a levitation state. Disk B is a levitation disk, with its magnetic pole array arranged in multiple layers on the disk surface, serving as an intermediate layer for levitation and transmission. The angular momentum generated by the rotation of disk B forms a magnetic gyroscope function to enhance the attitude stability of the system under disturbances. Disk C is the driving disk, and its surface has an array of magnetic poles or magnetic conductors. The magnetic coupling between disk C and disk B forms a magnetic coupling function, driving disk B to rotate. The magnetic pole arrays on disk B and disk C form a magnetic gear function through a specific phase relationship to control the synchronous or slip transmission characteristics between the two disks. By adjusting the gap between disk A and disk B, the engagement and disengagement states can be controlled, forming a magnetic clutch function. The magnetic pole array is arranged in a spiral involute path along the circumferential direction.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The magnetic pole array is composed of permanent magnets.
3. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The magnetic pole array is composed of electromagnetic coils. By adjusting the coil current, the magnetic field strength can be changed to achieve controllable adjustment of the magnetic coupling strength.
4. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spiral involute path is not limited to a specific number of turns or layers. Any device that uses a spiral involute path to arrange a magnetic pole array and achieve levitation and coupling functions falls within the protection scope of this invention.
5. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, Disk A has four magnetic poles, arranged in four layers from the innermost to the outermost, three layers from the secondmost, two layers from the thirdmost, and one layer from the outermost. The arrangement is counterclockwise in a 3-4 direction, with the s pole facing upwards, which is used to form a repulsive force between the SS poles and disk B.
6. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, Disk B has three magnetic poles, consisting of three inner layers, two middle layers, and one outermost layer, arranged in a clockwise direction of 21. The magnetic poles are oriented with the S pole facing down, forming an SS pole opposite disk A, serving as an intermediate layer for levitation and transmission.
7. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surface of drive C has a 0.5mm thick magnetic iron sheet attached to it, arranged in a three-layer structure in a clockwise direction of 21. An additional magnet is added to the outermost layer with the S pole facing down to enhance the magnetic coupling strength in the outer ring area. Drive B rotates through the magnetic coupling.
8. An A-disk for a magnetic pole array levitation-coupling transmission device, characterized in that, Disk A is a fixed disk with four rings of magnetic poles. From the inner ring to the outer ring, the inner ring has four layers, the second ring has three layers, the third ring has two layers, and the outermost ring has one layer. The arrangement direction is 34 counterclockwise, and the magnetic poles are oriented with the S pole facing upwards. This is used to form a repulsive force between the S poles and disk B, thus realizing the function of a magnetic bearing.
9. A B-disc for a magnetic pole array levitation-coupling transmission device, characterized in that, Disk B is a levitation disk with three rings of magnetic poles. From the inner ring to the outer ring, there are three layers in the inner ring, two layers in the middle ring, and one layer in the outermost ring. The arrangement direction is 21 clockwise, and the magnetic pole direction is with the S pole facing down, forming the SS pole opposite to disk A. It serves as an intermediate layer for levitation and transmission, and forms a magnetic gyroscope function through the angular momentum generated by the rotation of disk B.
10. A C-disc for a magnetic pole array levitation-coupling transmission device, characterized in that, The C drive is a driving drive with a 0.5mm thick magnetic iron sheet attached to its surface. These sheets are arranged in a three-layer structure in a clockwise direction (21). An additional magnet is added to the outermost layer with the S pole facing down to enhance the magnetic coupling strength in the outer area. The magnetic coupling between the C drive and the B drive creates a magnetic coupling function, which drives the B drive to rotate. The magnetic pole arrays on the C drive and the B drive form a magnetic gear function through their phase relationship.
11. The device or disk according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that, Each disk has a diameter of 280mm. The distribution range of the magnetic poles or magnetic conductors is 70mm from the center of the inner circle and 15mm from the outer edge of the disk. The effective radial width is 55mm.
12. The device or disk according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that, The axial gap between disks B and C is adjusted by shims to change the magnetic coupling strength and levitation stability.
13. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that, The C drive can be rotated by an external drive source, which is selected from one or more of the following: manual drive, motor drive, wind drive, water drive, inertial flywheel drive, or external magnetic coupling drive. When the drive method is used in combination with the device described in any one of claims 1 to 12, it still falls within the protection scope of this invention.