Communication system, method, electronic device, storage medium, and computer program product for a brain-computer interface

Abstract

This application relates to a brain-computer interface communication system, method, electronic device, storage medium, and computer program product, belonging to the fields of biomedical electronics and wireless communication technology. The system includes: an intrabrain communication subsystem that synthesizes an uplink modulated signal digital sequence in the digital domain and converts it into a first analog waveform, transmitting it outside the body across biological tissue barriers via an in vivo near-field coupling element; and an extrabrain communication subsystem that receives the first analog waveform through an external near-field coupling element, directly samples it, and digitally demodulates it to recover neural signal data. This application achieves both high throughput and low power consumption by directly synthesizing and sampling in the digital domain, eliminating the need for analog mixers and phase-locked loops.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the fields of biomedical electronics and wireless communication technology, specifically to a brain-computer interface communication system, method, electronic device, storage medium, and computer program product. Background Technology

[0002] Brain-computer interface (BCI) is a technology that establishes a direct communication channel between brain tissue and external devices for real-time transmission of neural signal data and control commands. It enables information exchange between the brain and external electronic systems without relying on peripheral nerves or muscles, thereby supporting applications such as neural signal acquisition, stimulation control, prosthetic manipulation, or neural function recovery.

[0003] Existing technologies mainly include GHz-level RF solutions, low-frequency inductive coupling solutions, and traditional intermediate frequency (IF) solutions. GHz-level RF solutions rely on analog mixers, phase-locked loops (PLLs), and other circuits, resulting in power consumption far exceeding 20mW at 200Mbps, and significant signal attenuation. Low-frequency inductive coupling solutions have extremely narrow bandwidths (e.g., <1MHz), making them unable to support high throughput. Traditional IF solutions, while having suitable bandwidth, still require analog up-conversion mixers and PLLs, leading to unnecessary power consumption. Therefore, none of these solutions can simultaneously meet the dual constraints of high throughput (e.g., >100Mbps) and low power consumption (e.g., <20mW). Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem solved by this application is to provide a communication system, method, electronic device, storage medium and computer program product for brain-computer interface, which eliminates the need for analog mixers and phase-locked loops by directly synthesizing and sampling in the digital domain, thus meeting the dual constraints of high throughput and low power consumption.

[0005] According to a first aspect of the embodiments of this application, a brain-computer interface communication system is provided, the system comprising: The intrabrain communication subsystem is used to synthesize an uplink modulated signal digital sequence in the digital domain and convert it into a first analog waveform, which is then transmitted to the outside through in vivo near-field coupling elements across biological tissue barriers. The extracranial communication subsystem is used to receive the first analog waveform through an external near-field coupling element, perform direct sampling and digital demodulation to recover neural signal data.

[0006] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this application are as follows: In this application, the intrabrain communication subsystem synthesizes an uplink modulated signal digital sequence in the digital domain and converts it into a first analog waveform. This waveform is then transmitted to the outside via an in vivo near-field coupling element across the biological tissue barrier. The extrabrain communication subsystem receives this first analog waveform through an external near-field coupling element, performs direct sampling, and digital demodulation to recover the neural signal data. Since the uplink signal is directly synthesized and converted into an analog waveform in the digital domain, there is no need for up-conversion via an analog mixer, thus eliminating the need for an analog mixer. Simultaneously, the receiving end uses direct sampling and digitization, eliminating the need for a phase-locked loop (PLL) to provide a local oscillator signal for down-conversion, thus eliminating the need for a PLL. Therefore, this application eliminates the need for an analog mixer and a PLL, avoids high attenuation of GHz-level radio frequencies through near-field coupling, and achieves high data transmission rates through direct digital domain synthesis. This reduces the implanted device's power consumption to below 20mW and supports high-throughput data transmission of over 100Mbps, satisfying the dual constraints of high throughput and low power consumption.

[0007] In some embodiments, the system further includes: The extracerebral communication subsystem is also used to synthesize downmodulated signal digital sequences in the digital domain and convert them into a second analog waveform, which is then transmitted into the body across biological tissue barriers through the extracorporeal near-field coupling element. The intrabrain communication subsystem is also used to receive the second analog waveform from outside the body through the in vivo near-field coupling element, perform direct sampling and digital demodulation to recover control commands; The intrabrain communication subsystem and the extrabrain communication subsystem establish a bidirectional duplex communication link through near-field coupling between the in vivo near-field coupling element and the extra-external near-field coupling element.

[0008] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this embodiment are as follows: In the downlink, the extracerebral communication subsystem synthesizes a downlink modulated signal digital sequence in the digital domain and converts it into a second analog waveform, which is then transmitted into the body across biological tissue barriers via an extracorporeal near-field coupling element. Since the downlink signal is directly synthesized and converted into an analog waveform in the digital domain, there is no need for up-conversion via an analog mixer, thus eliminating the need for an analog mixer. Simultaneously, the intracerebral communication subsystem receives the second analog waveform from outside the body via the in vivo near-field coupling element, performs direct sampling and digital demodulation to recover control commands. Because the receiving end uses direct sampling and digitization, there is no need for a phase-locked loop (PLL) to provide a local oscillator signal for down-conversion, thus eliminating the need for a PLL. Furthermore, the intracerebral communication subsystem and the extracerebral communication subsystem construct a bidirectional full-duplex communication link through near-field coupling between the in vivo and extracorporeal near-field coupling elements, achieving a symmetrical architecture where the uplink and downlink share the same pair of near-field coupling elements, avoiding the additional power consumption and complexity associated with adding a separate channel for the downlink. Therefore, this application eliminates the need for analog mixers and phase-locked loops, avoids high attenuation of GHz-level radio frequencies through near-field coupling, and achieves high data transmission rates through direct synthesis in the digital domain. This reduces the power consumption of the implanted device to below 20mW and supports high throughput data transmission of over 100Mbps, thus satisfying the dual constraints of high throughput and low power consumption.

[0009] In some embodiments, the intrabrain communication subsystem includes an intrabrain transmission link, the intrabrain transmission link comprising: The first digital baseband processing module has an uplink digital signal output terminal. The first digital baseband processing module is used to synthesize an uplink modulated signal digital sequence in the digital domain. A first digital-to-analog converter has an uplink digital input terminal and an uplink analog output terminal, wherein the uplink digital input terminal is coupled to the uplink digital signal output terminal, and the first digital-to-analog converter is used to convert the uplink modulated signal digital sequence into a first analog waveform. An in vivo coupling network includes a passive impedance matching network and an in vivo near-field coupling element. The passive impedance matching network has an uplink input and an uplink output. The uplink input is coupled to the uplink analog output, and the uplink output is coupled to the in vivo near-field coupling element. The in vivo coupling network is used to transmit the first analog waveform across the biological tissue barrier to the outside world through the near-field effect.

[0010] In some embodiments, the extracerebral communication subsystem includes an extracerebral receiving link, the extracerebral receiving link comprising: An external coupling network, including the external near-field coupling element, is used to receive the first analog waveform transmitted by the in vivo near-field coupling element through cross-tissue near-field sensing; A first analog-to-digital converter has an uplink analog input and an uplink digital output. The uplink analog input is coupled to the external coupling network. The first analog-to-digital converter is used to directly sample the first analog waveform and output a first digital quantization sequence. The second digital baseband processing module has an uplink digital signal input terminal coupled to the uplink digital output terminal. The second digital baseband processing module is used to perform digital downconversion and data demodulation on the first digital quantization sequence to recover the neural signal data.

[0011] In some embodiments, the extracerebral communication subsystem further includes an extracerebral transmission link, the extracerebral transmission link comprising: The second digital baseband processing module has a downlink digital signal output terminal. The second digital baseband processing module is used to synthesize a downlink modulated signal digital sequence in the digital domain. The second digital-to-analog converter has a downlink digital input terminal and a downlink analog output terminal, wherein the downlink digital input terminal is coupled to the downlink digital signal output terminal, and the second digital-to-analog converter is used to convert the downlink modulated signal digital sequence into a second analog waveform; An in vitro coupling network includes a passive impedance matching network and an in vitro near-field coupling element. The passive impedance matching network has a downlink input terminal and a downlink output terminal. The downlink input terminal is coupled to the downlink analog output terminal, and the downlink output terminal is coupled to the in vitro near-field coupling element. The in vitro coupling network is used to transmit the second analog waveform across the biological tissue barrier into the body through the near-field effect.

[0012] In some embodiments, the intrabrain communication subsystem further includes an intrabrain receiving link, the intrabrain receiving link comprising: An in vivo coupling network, including the in vivo near-field coupling element, the in vivo coupling network being used to receive the second analog waveform transmitted by the in vitro near-field coupling element via cross-tissue near-field sensing; The second analog-to-digital converter has a downlink analog input and a downlink digital output. The downlink analog input is coupled to the body coupling network. The second analog-to-digital converter is used to directly sample the second analog waveform and output a second digital quantization sequence. The first digital baseband processing module has a downlink digital signal input terminal coupled to the downlink digital output terminal. The first digital baseband processing module is used to perform digital downconversion and demodulation on the second digital quantization sequence to recover the control command.

[0013] In some embodiments, in the bidirectional duplex communication link, the downlink and uplink adopt the same direct-drive physical layer topology without analog mixers and without phase-locked loop circuits, and the operating mode of the bidirectional duplex communication link includes at least one of time division multiplexing, frequency division subcarrier multiplexing, or simultaneous full-duplex at the same frequency.

[0014] In some embodiments, the in vivo near-field coupling element and the external near-field coupling element are inductively coupled coil pairs, the inductively coupled coil pairs including an intracranial coil disposed on the inside of the skull and an externally coupled coil disposed on the outside of the skin.

[0015] In some embodiments, the in vivo near-field coupling element and the in vitro near-field coupling element are capacitive coupling plate pairs, the capacitive coupling plate pairs including an intracranial electrode plate disposed on the inner side of the skin and an extracranial electrode plate disposed on the outer side of the skin, with skin tissue as the coupling medium.

[0016] In some embodiments, a coupling mode switching controller is further included, the coupling mode switching controller having a power consumption monitoring input and a link quality metric input, the coupling mode switching controller being configured to perform selection or adaptive switching between inductive coupling mode and capacitive coupling mode based on real-time power consumption monitoring data of the intrabrain communication subsystem or received link quality metric.

[0017] In some embodiments, the sampling rates of the first digital-to-analog converter and the second digital-to-analog converter are determined based on the center frequency, signal bandwidth, and / or oversampling factor of the communication signal, and are configured to meet the direct synthesis requirements of the intermediate frequency or target operating frequency band modulated signal.

[0018] In some embodiments, the sampling rate of the first digital-to-analog converter and the second digital-to-analog converter is not less than 120 Msps, and the effective number of bits is not less than 8 bits.

[0019] In some embodiments, a digitally controlled variable capacitor unit is connected in parallel with the in vivo near-field coupling element and / or the external near-field coupling element as a passive impedance matching network. The variable capacitor unit has a control word input terminal for receiving a control word to adjust its capacitance value.

[0020] In some embodiments, the capacitance value can be adjusted from 1pF to 50pF.

[0021] According to a second aspect of the embodiments of this application, a communication method for a brain-computer interface is provided, the method comprising: The brain communication subsystem synthesizes an uplink modulated signal digital sequence in the digital domain and converts it into a first analog waveform, which is then transmitted to the outside world across biological tissue barriers via an in vivo near-field coupling element. The first analog waveform is received by the extracranial communication subsystem through an external near-field coupling element, directly sampled and digitally demodulated to recover neural signal data.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this application are as follows: In the uplink, this application synthesizes an uplink modulated signal digital sequence in the digital domain through an intrabrain communication subsystem and converts it into a first analog waveform, which is then transmitted to the outside via an in vivo near-field coupling element across the biological tissue barrier. Since the uplink signal is directly synthesized and converted into an analog waveform in the digital domain, it eliminates the need for an analog mixer for upconversion, thus saving the analog mixer. Simultaneously, in the uplink, the extrabrain communication subsystem receives the first analog waveform from the inside via an external near-field coupling element, performs direct sampling and digital demodulation to recover neural signal data. Because the receiving end uses direct sampling and direct digitization, it eliminates the need for a phase-locked loop (PLL) to provide a local oscillator signal for downconversion, thus saving the PLL. Therefore, this application eliminates the need for an analog mixer and PLL, avoids high attenuation of GHz-level radio frequencies through near-field coupling, and achieves high data transmission rates through direct synthesis in the digital domain. This reduces the implanted device's power consumption to below 20mW and supports high-throughput data transmission of over 100Mbps, satisfying the dual constraints of high throughput and low power consumption.

[0023] According to a third aspect of the embodiments of this application, an electronic device is provided, characterized in that it includes a memory and a processor, the memory being used to store a computer program executable by the processor; the processor being used to execute the computer program in the memory to realize the function of a brain-computer interface communication system as described in any one of the first aspects.

[0024] According to a fourth aspect of the embodiments of this application, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, on which a computer program is stored, wherein when the executable computer program in the storage medium is executed by a processor, it is able to realize the function of a brain-computer interface communication system as described in any one of the first aspects.

[0025] According to a fifth aspect of the present application, a computer program product is provided, including a storage medium and a computer program stored in the storage medium, which, when executed by a processor, implements the functions of a brain-computer interface communication system as described in any one of the first aspects. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1A This is a block diagram illustrating a brain-computer interface communication system according to an exemplary embodiment; Figure 1B This is a block diagram illustrating a brain-computer interface communication system according to another exemplary embodiment; Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of an uplink transmit / receive link according to an exemplary embodiment; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a downlink transmit-receive link according to an exemplary embodiment; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of inductive coupling according to an exemplary embodiment; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating capacitive coupling according to an exemplary embodiment; Figure 6 This is a table illustrating the breakdown of implant power consumption according to an exemplary embodiment; Figure 7 This is a table illustrating link budget estimates according to an exemplary embodiment; Figure 8 This is a flowchart illustrating a communication method of a brain-computer interface according to an exemplary embodiment; Figure 9 This is a block diagram illustrating an electronic device according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0027] [Explanation of Icon Symbols]: 10: Intrabrain communication subsystem; 20: Extrabrain communication subsystem; 101: Intrabrain transmitting link; 102: Intrabrain receiving link; 201: Extracerebral receiving link; 202: Extracerebral transmitting link; 1011: First digital baseband processing module; 1012: First digital-to-analog converter; 1013: In vivo coupling network; 1014: First simulation conditioning module; 2011: External coupling network; 2012: First analog-to-digital converter; 2013: Second digital baseband processing module; 2014: Second analog conditioning module; 2021: Second digital-to-analog converter; 2022: Third analog conditioning module; 1021: Second analog-to-digital converter; 1022: Fourth analog conditioning module. Detailed Implementation

[0028] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this specification and claims shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains. Specific embodiments of this application will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that, in order to provide a concise description, this specification cannot exhaustively describe all features of the actual embodiments. Without departing from the spirit and scope of this application, those skilled in the art can modify and substitute the embodiments of this application, and the resulting embodiments are also within the protection scope of this application.

[0029] In the new generation of high-channel brain-computer interface systems, the data throughput required to acquire high-definition neuronal cluster signals over a large cortical area (e.g., ≥1000 channels) in real time has reached the level of 200Mbps. At the same time, the implantation end faces two physical constraints: the safe temperature rise corresponding to the brain tissue thermal damage threshold is about 1℃, which translates to an overall power consumption limit of 20mW for the implantation end communication module; the signal must penetrate multiple biological tissue barriers such as skin, subcutaneous fat, skull, and cerebrospinal fluid, and the dielectric properties of each tissue layer differ significantly in the MHz to GHz frequency band. Traditional brain-computer interface communication systems typically employ one of the following approaches: First, wireless transmission based on GHz-level radio frequency (RF). The transmitter requires an analog mixer to upconvert the baseband signal to RF, while the receiver requires a phase-locked loop (PLL) to provide a local oscillator signal for downconversion. This results in high power consumption at the implantation site (e.g., exceeding 50mW), and the RF signal attenuates significantly in biological tissues. Second, transmission based on low-frequency inductive coupling. Although the power consumption is low, the bandwidth is limited (e.g., below 10Mbps), which cannot meet the high throughput requirements. Third, a mid-frequency (e.g., VHF / UHF) approach is used, but this still requires an analog mixer and a PLL, and the power consumption and complexity are not fundamentally improved.

[0030] Based on this, this application provides a brain-computer interface communication system, method, electronic device, storage medium, and computer program product. The communication system can directly synthesize uplink / downlink modulated signal digital sequences in the digital domain and convert them into analog waveforms. It enables bidirectional full-duplex communication across biological tissue barriers through in vivo and in vitro near-field coupling elements, without relying on analog mixers and phase-locked loop circuits. This reduces the power consumption of the implanted device to below 20mW and supports high-throughput data transmission of over 100Mbps. At the same time, it achieves uplink and downlink sharing of the same near-field coupling physical layer hardware through symmetrical in vivo and in vitro communication links, thereby simultaneously meeting the dual constraints of high throughput and low power consumption.

[0031] The following detailed description of some embodiments of this application is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other.

[0032] This application can be applied to a new generation of high-channel-count (e.g., ≥1000 channels) implantable brain-computer interface systems. These systems need to acquire high-definition neuronal cluster signals over a large cortical area in real time, with a data throughput of up to 200Mbps. Meanwhile, the implanted end must meet the physical constraints of brain tissue thermal safety (e.g., power consumption limit of 20mW) and penetration across biological tissue barriers (e.g., skin, skull).

[0033] Please refer to Figure 1A , Figure 1A This is a block diagram illustrating a communication system for a brain-computer interface according to an exemplary embodiment. The brain-computer interface communication system of this application includes an intrabrain communication subsystem 10 and an extrabrain communication subsystem 20. The intrabrain communication subsystem 10 is used to synthesize an uplink modulated signal digital sequence in the digital domain and convert it into a first analog waveform, which is then transmitted to the outside via an in vivo near-field coupling element across biological tissue barriers. The extrabrain communication subsystem 20 is used to receive the first analog waveform via an extracorporeal near-field coupling element, perform direct sampling, and digital demodulate it to recover neural signal data.

[0034] The uplink modulated signal can be a VHF intermediate frequency (e.g., 30MHz to 100MHz) or a UHF band. Specifically, it can be directly synthesized by a high-speed digital-to-analog converter (DAC) without the need for an analog mixer for upconversion. Direct sampling directly samples the received analog waveform using a high-speed analog-to-digital converter (ADC) without the need for a phase-locked loop to provide a local oscillator signal for downconversion.

[0035] In the uplink, this application employs direct digital domain synthesis (DDS) technology at the transmitting end, directly converting the waveform generated in the digital domain into an analog signal via a DAC, skipping the analog mixer. At the receiving end, direct sampling technology is used, directly digitizing the received analog signal by an ADC and then demodulating it in the digital domain, skipping the phase-locked loop (PLL) and analog mixer. Since DDS directly generates the modulated signal of the required frequency in the digital domain, it eliminates the need for up-conversion via an analog mixer, thus saving the analog mixer. Furthermore, direct sampling directly samples the analog signal at high speed and then recovers the baseband via digital down-conversion, eliminating the need for a PLL to provide a local oscillator for analog down-conversion, thus saving the PLL. Therefore, this application achieves a direct-drive physical layer topology (i.e., directly converting the digitally synthesized modulated signal into a first analog waveform and transmitting it through near-field coupling elements without passing through traditional RF up-conversion circuits such as analog mixers and PLLs), eliminating the need for analog mixers and PLLs required in traditional solutions. By eliminating the two high-power analog modules, analog mixer and phase-locked loop, the power consumption at the implantation end can be reduced to below 20mW. At the same time, direct synthesis in the digital domain can flexibly generate high-order modulation signals. Combined with the wide bandwidth of intermediate frequency near-field coupling, the throughput can exceed 100Mbps, thus achieving high throughput with low power consumption. This satisfies the dual constraints of high throughput and low power consumption.

[0036] Please refer to Figure 1B , Figure 1B This is a block diagram of a brain-computer interface communication system according to another exemplary embodiment. The extrabrain communication subsystem 20 is further configured to synthesize a downmodulated signal digital sequence in the digital domain and convert it into a second analog waveform, which is then transmitted into the body through the extracorporeal near-field coupling element across biological tissue barriers. The intrabrain communication subsystem 10 is further configured to receive the second analog waveform from outside the body through the in vivo near-field coupling element, perform direct sampling and digital demodulation to recover control commands. The intrabrain communication subsystem 10 and the extrabrain communication subsystem 20 establish a bidirectional duplex communication link through near-field coupling between the in vivo and extracorporeal near-field coupling elements.

[0037] In the downlink, the extracerebral communication subsystem synthesizes a downlink modulated signal digital sequence in the digital domain and converts it into a second analog waveform, which is then transmitted into the body across biological tissue barriers via an extracorporeal near-field coupling element. Since the downlink signal is directly synthesized and converted into an analog waveform in the digital domain, there is no need for up-conversion via an analog mixer, thus eliminating the need for an analog mixer. Simultaneously, the intracerebral communication subsystem receives the second analog waveform from outside the body via the in vivo near-field coupling element, performs direct sampling and digital demodulation to recover control commands. Because the receiving end uses direct sampling and digitization, there is no need for a phase-locked loop (PLL) to provide a local oscillator signal for down-conversion, thus eliminating the need for a PLL. Furthermore, the intracerebral communication subsystem and the extracerebral communication subsystem construct a bidirectional full-duplex communication link through near-field coupling between the in vivo and extracorporeal near-field coupling elements, achieving a symmetrical architecture where the uplink and downlink share the same pair of near-field coupling elements, avoiding the additional power consumption and complexity associated with adding a separate channel for the downlink. Therefore, this application eliminates the need for analog mixers and phase-locked loops, avoids high attenuation of GHz-level radio frequencies through near-field coupling, and achieves high data transmission rates through direct synthesis in the digital domain, thereby reducing the power consumption of the implanted device to below 20mW and supporting high throughput data transmission of over 100Mbps.

[0038] Please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an uplink transmit / receive link according to an exemplary embodiment. The uplink transmit / receive link includes an intracranial transmit link 101 and an extracranial receive link 201. The communication process between the intracranial transmit link 101 and the extracranial receive link 201 is as follows: In some embodiments, the intrabrain communication subsystem 10 includes an intrabrain transmission link 101, which includes a first digital baseband processing module 1011, a first digital-to-analog converter 1012, and an in vivo coupling network 1013. The first digital baseband processing module 1011 has an uplink digital signal output terminal and is used to synthesize an uplink modulated signal digital sequence in the digital domain. The first digital-to-analog converter 1012 has an uplink digital input terminal and an uplink analog output terminal. The uplink digital input terminal is coupled to the uplink digital signal output terminal and is used to convert the uplink modulated signal digital sequence into a first analog waveform. The in vivo coupling network 1013 includes a passive impedance matching network and the in vivo near-field coupling element. The passive impedance matching network has an uplink input terminal and an uplink output terminal. The uplink input terminal is coupled to the uplink analog output terminal and the uplink output terminal is coupled to the in vivo near-field coupling element. The in vivo coupling network 1013 is used to transmit the first analog waveform across the biological tissue barrier to the outside world through the near-field effect.

[0039] For example, the first digital baseband processing module 1011 can be a baseband processing module or a microcontroller unit (MCU) chip. The first digital baseband processing module 1011 directly synthesizes a complete modulated waveform digital sequence in the digital domain. Optionally, this modulated waveform digital sequence can correspond to a modulated signal with a carrier center frequency of 40MHz (selectable range 30MHz to 100MHz) and a transmission bandwidth of 30MHz (25MHz to 55MHz). The modulation method includes frequency shift keying (FSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), wherein QAM can be further selected from binary phase shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), 16QAM, 64QAM, 256QAM, etc., specifically selected according to the rate requirements. Furthermore, other signals with higher frequencies and wider bandwidths can also be supported.

[0040] For example, the digitally modulated sequence is converted from digital to analog by the first digital-to-analog converter 1012, directly outputting an analog modulated waveform. The technical specifications of the first digital-to-analog converter 1012 are as follows: Sampling rate: preferably not less than 120 megasamples per second (Msps, i.e., millions of samples per second). According to the Nyquist theorem, 120 Msps can support up to 60 MHz of aliasing-free synthesized signals.

[0041] Effective number of bits (ENOB): Not less than 8 bits. Corresponding spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) ≥ 50 dBc, ensuring the error vector magnitude (EVM) of the synthesized signal is better than... 35dB, leaving a margin for subsequent equalization processing.

[0042] Power consumption: Under the above performance specifications, the power consumption target is approximately 5 milliwatts (mW) when using advanced complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) processes (such as 28 nanometers or below).

[0043] The power consumption advantage of this application stems from the following mechanism: the power consumption of the analog mixer mainly comes from the linearization bias current and the local oscillator drive; the power consumption of the phase-locked loop mainly comes from the continuous high-frequency switching of the voltage-controlled oscillator and the frequency divider; while the core power consumption of the first digital-to-analog converter 1012 at the same process node is only the power consumption of digital logic switching and the bias related to setup time, which is significantly lower than the combined power consumption of the mixer and the phase-locked loop at medium resolution (e.g., 8-10 bits).

[0044] For example, the in vivo coupling network 1013 is also called the intracranial trans-tissue coupling unit. A passive impedance matching network is used to impedance match the first analog signal output by the first digital baseband processing module 1011 with the in vivo near-field coupling element and compensate for resonance detuning caused by changes in tissue impedance. The intracranial coil (e.g., inductive coupling mode) or intracranial electrode plate (e.g., capacitive coupling mode) of the in vivo near-field coupling element depends on the coupling mode selected by the system. Its function is to transmit the first analog waveform directly output by the first digital baseband processing module 1011 across biological tissue barriers such as skin and skull to the extracorporeal trans-tissue coupling unit (i.e., the extracorporeal coupling network 2011) via the passive impedance matching network and the in vivo near-field coupling element, utilizing near-field effects (e.g., the magnetic field of inductive coupling or the displacement current of capacitive coupling), thereby achieving wireless transmission of ascending neural signal data.

[0045] Optionally, the intrabrain transmission link 101 further includes a first analog conditioning module 1014, which is coupled between the first digital-to-analog converter 1012 and the in vivo coupling network 1013. The first analog conditioning module 1014 is used to amplify the power and bandpass filter the first analog waveform.

[0046] Understandably, the first analog conditioning module (Amp / Filter) 1014 is a processing module in the intrabrain transmit link 101, located after the first digital-to-analog converter 1012 and before the in vivo coupling network 1013. Its main functions include: appropriately amplifying the first analog waveform output by the first digital-to-analog converter 1012 to compensate for the insertion loss of the subsequent in vivo coupling network 1013; and simultaneously suppressing quantization spurious components and Nyquist image frequency components of the first digital-to-analog converter 1012, with an out-of-band spurious rejection ratio of not less than 40 dBc. The operating frequency band can be 25 MHz to 55 MHz or higher, and the power consumption is limited to no more than 3 mW (e.g., implemented using a low quiescent current process).

[0047] In some embodiments, the extracranial communication subsystem 20 includes an extracranial receiving link 201, which includes an external coupling network 2011, a first analog-to-digital converter 2012, and a second digital baseband processing module 2013. The external coupling network 2011 includes the external near-field coupling element and is used to receive the first analog waveform transmitted by the in vivo near-field coupling element through cross-tissue near-field induction. The first analog-to-digital converter 2012 has an uplink analog input and an uplink digital output. The uplink analog input is coupled to the external coupling network, and the first analog-to-digital converter 2012 is used to directly sample the first analog waveform and output a first digital quantization sequence. The second digital baseband processing module 2013 has an uplink digital signal input coupled to the uplink digital output. The second digital baseband processing module 2013 is used to perform digital downconversion and data demodulation on the first digital quantization sequence to recover the neural signal data.

[0048] For example, the external coupling network 2011, which may be called the extracranial cross-tissue coupling unit, specifically includes an external near-field coupling element (such as an extracranial coil or extracranial electrode plate). Its function is to receive the first analog waveform transmitted from the in vivo near-field coupling element through cross-tissue near-field induction (such as an inductively coupled magnetic field or a capacitively coupled displacement current), thereby realizing the cross-tissue transmission of signals from inside the body to outside the body.

[0049] For example, the sampling rates of the first digital-to-analog converter 1012 and the second digital-to-analog converter 2021 are determined based on the center frequency, signal bandwidth, and / or oversampling factor of the communication signal, and are configured to meet the direct synthesis requirements of the intermediate frequency or target operating frequency band modulated signal. For instance, the sampling rates of the first digital-to-analog converter 1012 and the second digital-to-analog converter 2021 are not less than 120 Msps, and the effective bit depth is not less than 8 bits.

[0050] For example, the first analog-to-digital converter 2012 has its uplink analog input coupled to the external coupling network 2011. The first analog-to-digital converter 2012 is used to directly sample the received first analog waveform and output a first digital quantization sequence, thereby converting the analog signal into the digital domain for subsequent processing.

[0051] For example, the second digital baseband processing module 2013 may be a baseband processing module or a microcontroller unit (MCU) chip, with its uplink digital input terminal coupled to the digital output terminal of the first analog-to-digital converter 2012. The second digital baseband processing module 2013 is used to perform digital downconversion, channel equalization and data demodulation on the first digital quantization sequence, and finally recover high-throughput neural signal data (such as rate > 100 Mbps).

[0052] Optionally, the extracranial receiving link 201 further includes a second analog conditioning module 2014, which is coupled between the external coupling network 2011 and the first analog-to-digital converter 2012. The second analog conditioning module 2014 is used to perform low-noise amplification and bandpass filtering on the first analog waveform.

[0053] In summary, the uplink communication process is as follows: The first digital baseband processing module 1011 in the intrabrain transmit link 101 directly synthesizes the modulated signal digital sequence in the digital domain, converts it into a first analog waveform by the first digital-to-analog converter 1012, and then amplifies and bandpass-filters it by the first analog conditioning module 1014. The waveform is then transmitted to the outside through the body coupling network 1013 via near-field effects (such as inductively coupled magnetic fields or capacitively coupled displacement currents) across biological tissue barriers such as skin and skull. The external coupling network 2011 in the extrabrain receive link 201 captures the first analog waveform, amplifies it with low noise and bandpass-filters it by the second analog conditioning module 2014, and then directly samples it by the first analog-to-digital converter 2012 to output a first digital quantization sequence. Finally, the second digital baseband processing module 2013 performs digital downconversion and demodulation on the first digital quantization sequence to recover high-throughput neural signal data.

[0054] Please refer to Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a downlink transmit / receive link according to an exemplary embodiment. The downlink transmit / receive link includes an external transmit link 202 and an intracerebral receive link 102. The communication process between the external transmit link 202 and the intracerebral receive link 102 is as follows: In some embodiments, the extracerebral communication subsystem 20 includes an extracerebral transmission link 202, which includes a second digital baseband processing module 2013, a second digital-to-analog converter 2021, and an external coupling network 2011. The second digital baseband processing module 2013 has a downlink digital signal output terminal and is used to synthesize a downlink modulated signal digital sequence in the digital domain. The second digital-to-analog converter 2021 has a downlink digital input terminal and a downlink analog output terminal, the downlink digital input terminal being coupled to the downlink digital signal output terminal, and is used to convert the downlink modulated signal digital sequence into a second analog waveform. The external coupling network 2011 includes a passive impedance matching network and the external near-field coupling element. The passive impedance matching network has a downlink input terminal and a downlink output terminal, the downlink input terminal being coupled to the downlink analog output terminal, and the downlink output terminal being coupled to the external near-field coupling element. The external coupling network 2011 is used to transmit the second analog waveform across biological tissue barriers into the body via near-field effects.

[0055] Understandably, the structure of the external brain-to-brain transmitter link 202 is symmetrical to that of the intrabrain transmitter link 101, and it undertakes the task of transmitting downlink control signaling. Since the downlink rate requirement (e.g., ≥1Mbps) is much lower than the uplink requirement (e.g., >100Mbps), the sampling rate and output power of the second digital-to-analog converter 2021 of the external brain-to-brain transmitter link 202 can be appropriately reduced, and the modulation method can adopt low-order QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation) or QPSK (quadrature phase shift keying), but the core technology of direct-drive communication remains consistent. The external brain-to-brain terminal is not constrained by implanted power consumption; its power consumption is selected according to the optimal performance method and is not considered a limiting parameter of this application.

[0056] Optionally, the extrabrain-to-brain emission link 202 further includes a third analog conditioning module 2022, which is coupled between the second digital-to-analog converter 2021 and the external coupling network 2011. The third analog conditioning module 2022 is used to amplify the power and bandpass filter the second analog waveform.

[0057] For example, the second digital-to-analog converter 2021 has a sampling rate of not less than 120 Msps and an effective number of bits of not less than 8 bits.

[0058] In some embodiments, the intrabrain communication subsystem 10 includes an intrabrain receiving link 102, which includes an in vivo coupling network 1013, a second analog-to-digital converter 1021, and a first digital baseband processing module 1011. The in vivo coupling network 1013 includes the in vivo near-field coupling element and is used to receive the second analog waveform transmitted by the external near-field coupling element through cross-tissue near-field sensing. The second analog-to-digital converter 1021 has a downlink analog input and a downlink digital output. The downlink analog input is coupled to the in vivo coupling network, and the second analog-to-digital converter 1021 is used to directly sample the second analog waveform and output a second digital quantization sequence. The first digital baseband processing module 1011 has a downlink digital signal input coupled to the downlink digital output and is used to perform digital downconversion and demodulation on the second digital quantization sequence to recover the control command.

[0059] Optionally, the intrabrain receiving link 102 further includes a fourth analog conditioning module 1022, which is coupled between the in vivo coupling network 1013 and the second analog-to-digital converter 1021. The fourth analog conditioning module 1022 is used to perform low-noise amplification and bandpass filtering on the second analog waveform.

[0060] In summary, the downlink communication process is as follows: The second digital baseband processing module 2013 in the extracerebral transmit link 202 synthesizes a downlink modulated signal digital sequence in the digital domain (e.g., low-order QAM or QPSK modulation). This sequence is converted into a second analog waveform by the second digital-to-analog converter 2021. This second analog waveform is first amplified and bandpass filtered by the third analog conditioning module 2022, and then transmitted into the body through the extracorporeal coupling network 2011 via the near-field effect across the biological tissue barrier. The intracerebral coupling network 1013 receives the second analog waveform through near-field sensing, amplifies it with low noise and performs bandpass filtering by the fourth analog conditioning module 1022, and then directly samples it by the second analog-to-digital converter 1021 to output a second digital quantized sequence. Finally, the first digital baseband processing module 1011 performs digital downconversion and demodulation on the second digital quantized sequence to recover the control commands transmitted from the extracerebral end. The entire downlink and uplink adopt the same direct-drive technology system and share the same set of cross-tissue coupling physical layer hardware.

[0061] In some embodiments, in the bidirectional duplex communication link, the downlink and uplink adopt the same direct-drive physical layer topology without analog mixers and without phase-locked loop circuits, and the operating mode of the bidirectional duplex communication link includes at least one of time division multiplexing, frequency division subcarrier multiplexing, or simultaneous full-duplex at the same frequency.

[0062] Understandably, between the intrabrain and extrabrain communication subsystems, both the uplink (intrabrain transmit link → extrabrain receive link) and the downlink (extrabrain transmit link → intrabrain receive link) employ the same direct-drive architecture. This includes direct synthesis of modulated signals by the digital baseband and direct output of analog waveforms by the digital-to-analog converter, without any analog mixers or phase-locked loop circuits in between. Furthermore, these two links can share the same set of cross-tissue coupling physical layer hardware (i.e., the in vivo coupling network and the external coupling network) through at least one of the following methods: time-division multiplexing (TDM), frequency-division subcarrier multiplexing (FDD), or simultaneous full-duplex (CCFD). Its purpose is to significantly reduce the hardware complexity and power consumption of the implanted device through a unified technical system and shared coupling units, while avoiding the need for an independent low-frequency antenna or coupler for the downlink control link. This allows the system to achieve ultra-low power consumption and miniaturized implantable brain-computer interface communication while meeting an uplink throughput of >100Mbps and a downlink rate of ≥1Mbps.

[0063] It should be noted that the cross-tissue coupling unit, which includes both in vivo and in vitro coupling networks, is the only physical pathway for signals to cross biological tissue barriers in this application. Located on both sides of the scalp / skull, this application supports the following two coupling modes: inductive coupling mode (e.g., Figure 4 (as shown) and capacitive coupling mode (such as) Figure 5(As shown).

[0064] For example, the in vivo near-field coupling element and the external near-field coupling element are inductively coupled coil pairs, the inductively coupled coil pairs including an intracranial coil disposed on the inside of the skull and an external coil disposed on the outside of the skin.

[0065] The working principle of inductive coupling mode is as follows: An external brain coil and an internal brain coil are respectively positioned on the outer side of the scalp and the inner side of the skull, forming a loosely coupled hollow transformer structure. The alternating current driven by the intracranial transmit link generates a time-varying magnetic field in the internal brain coil. This magnetic field penetrates the skin and skull (the skull's permeability to a 40MHz magnetic field is close to vacuum; magnetic field penetration loss mainly comes from eddy current loss), inducing an electromotive force in the external brain coil, thus achieving signal transmission. Its technical characteristics include: insensitivity to external electric field interference and strong common-mode interference immunity; in the 40MHz frequency band, the skull's shielding effect on the magnetic field is limited, resulting in relatively high coupling efficiency; coil size, number of turns, and operating frequency are the main parameters determining the coupling coefficient. Regarding design parameters: the coil diameter is preferably 10mm to 30mm; when the operating frequency is preferably 40MHz, the coupling coefficient k is preferably ≥0.1; the coil winding material is preferably a biocompatible conductor.

[0066] For example, the in vivo near-field coupling element and the in vitro near-field coupling element are a pair of capacitive coupling plates, which include an intracranial electrode plate disposed on the inside of the skin and an extracranial electrode plate disposed on the outside of the skin, with skin tissue as the coupling medium.

[0067] The working principle of capacitive coupling mode is as follows: external and internal brain electrodes are respectively arranged on both sides of the skin, forming a distributed capacitance with the skin and subcutaneous tissue as the medium. The high-frequency alternating voltage driven by the intracranial transmit link is transmitted through the displacement current between the electrodes. Its technical characteristics include: in the VHF band, the equivalent capacitance effect of the skin tissue results in low transmission loss; the overall power consumption and coupling network insertion loss are better than inductive coupling under certain implantation depths; the electric field safety of the displacement current between the electrodes to the tissue needs to be evaluated to confirm compliance with the specific absorption rate (SAR) limits of the relevant standards of IEC 60601 (the IEC 60601 series of standards published by the International Electrotechnical Commission). In terms of design parameters: the electrode area is preferably 1cm² to 4cm²; the typical value of the electrode spacing (such as skin thickness) is 2mm to 5mm; the electrode material is preferably a biocompatible conductive material.

[0068] In some embodiments, the brain-computer interface communication system further includes a coupling mode switching controller having a power consumption monitoring input and a link quality metric input. The coupling mode switching controller is used to perform selection or adaptive switching between inductive coupling mode and capacitive coupling mode based on real-time power consumption monitoring data of the intrabrain communication subsystem or received link quality metrics.

[0069] Specifically, the coupling mode switching controller can select between inductive coupling mode and capacitive coupling mode based on the following decision criteria: Static selection is performed once during system initialization: the link transmission coefficient and steady-state power consumption of the implanted end are tested in both modes, and the one with better overall performance is selected.

[0070] Dynamic switching is performed in real time during system operation: If the power consumption of the implanted end exceeds the preset upper limit (e.g., 18mW) in the current coupling mode, or if the received link quality metric (e.g., RSSI / BER) continues to deteriorate beyond the threshold, the system automatically triggers mode switching, re-executes the initialization tuning process, and retains the mode with better link quality.

[0071] In some embodiments, a digitally controlled variable capacitor unit is connected in parallel with the in vivo near-field coupling element and / or the external near-field coupling element as a passive impedance matching network. The variable capacitor unit has a control word input terminal for receiving a control word to adjust its capacitance value, and the adjustment range of the capacitance value is 1pF to 50pF.

[0072] Specifically, the variable capacitor unit is connected in parallel to the inner and / or outer side of the coupling unit to compensate for resonant detuning caused by changes in tissue impedance. Its hardware implementation includes two methods: one is a varactor diode array, which adjusts the equivalent capacitance by controlling the reverse bias voltage, offering fast adjustment speed (on the order of μs) suitable for high dynamic compensation scenarios; the other is a switchable fixed capacitor array, which switches the fixed capacitor via a digital control switch, offering high precision and eliminating the need for analog bias circuitry, making it more suitable for ultra-low power consumption scenarios. Regarding parameter requirements, the capacitor adjustment range is preferably 1pF to 50pF, the control word resolution is preferably no less than 6 bits, and the control logic power consumption does not exceed 0.5mW. In specific embodiments, the capacitor value can be selected as 1pF, 2pF, 5pF, 10pF, 20pF, 30pF, 40pF, etc., or a suitable value can be selected according to actual needs to compensate for resonant detuning caused by changes in tissue impedance, thereby maintaining the optimal transmission efficiency of the cross-tissue near-field coupling network at the operating frequency.

[0073] Please refer to Figure 6 , Figure 6This is a table illustrating the power consumption breakdown of the implanted device according to an exemplary embodiment. All power consumption values ​​are calculated based on CMOS processes of 28nm and below. The table breaks down the power consumption of each functional module of the implanted device one by one: the 120Msps, 10-bit specification 28nm process high-speed transmitter DAC consumes approximately 5mW; the power amplification / filtering module of the transmitter (TX) implemented with a low-power intermediate frequency operational amplifier consumes approximately 3mW; the coupling drive module including matching network loss consumes approximately 4mW; the low-noise amplification / filtering module of the receiver (RX) used for the downlink receiving path consumes approximately 1.5mW; the medium-speed receiver ADC adapted to low-speed downlink requirements consumes approximately 1mW; the digital baseband processing module (such as BB / MCU) that performs digital downconversion and demodulation functions consumes approximately 3mW; the variable capacitor control logic that only implements low-speed tuning control consumes approximately 0.5mW; the total power consumption of the implanted device after adding up all modules in the entire link is approximately 18mW, which meets the hard design constraint that the total power consumption of the implanted device is less than 20mW.

[0074] Please refer to Figure 7 , Figure 7 This is a table illustrating a link budget estimation according to an exemplary embodiment. The uplink from the intracranial transmitter to the extracranial receiver is used as the calculation object, and the calculation basis is listed item by item in the parameter table. The output power of the intracranial transmitter coupling port is +5dBm (approximately 3.2mW). The near-field coupling loss across tissues varies with the coupling structure and implantation depth, ranging from -20dB to -30dB. Combined with a 30MHz bandwidth, a -99dBm receiver thermal noise floor at 290K room temperature, and a 3dB noise figure at the extracranial receiver front-end that is not constrained by power consumption, the final result is a result satisfying 256QAM demodulation with a bit error rate (BER) ≤ 1×10⁻⁶. -5 The required receiver sensitivity is -59dBm. Further calculations of the link margin under different loss scenarios showed that the link margin can reach +44dB under a path loss of -20dB, and even under a high loss scenario of -30dB, the link margin is still +34dB. This verifies that even under the most unfavorable condition of a path loss of up to 30dB due to the implantation depth, this application still has sufficient link budget to support the normal operation of 256QAM high-order modulation, and can ensure stable transmission of data with a low bit error rate.

[0075] The communication method of the brain-computer interface provided in this application is described below. The communication method of the brain-computer interface described below can be referred to in correspondence with the communication system of the brain-computer interface described above.

[0076] Please refer to Figure 8 , Figure 8 This is a flowchart illustrating a communication method for a brain-computer interface according to an exemplary embodiment. The communication method of the brain-computer interface includes steps 801 and 802.

[0077] S801 is synthesized in the digital domain by the intrabrain communication subsystem, which converts the uplink modulated signal digital sequence into a first analog waveform and transmits it to the outside world through the in vivo near-field coupling element across the biological tissue barrier.

[0078] S802, the extracranial communication subsystem receives the first analog waveform through an external near-field coupling element, performs direct sampling and digital demodulation to recover neural signal data.

[0079] In some embodiments, the extracranial communication subsystem is further configured to synthesize a downmodulated signal digital sequence in the digital domain and convert it into a second analog waveform, which is then transmitted into the body across biological tissue barriers via the in vitro near-field coupling element; the intracranial communication subsystem is further configured to receive the second analog waveform from outside the body via the in vivo near-field coupling element, perform direct sampling and digital demodulation to recover control commands; wherein the extracranial communication subsystem and the intracranial communication subsystem establish a bidirectional duplex communication link through near-field coupling between the in vivo near-field coupling element and the in vitro near-field coupling element.

[0080] In some embodiments, the intrabrain communication subsystem includes, on the intrabrain transmission link: The first digital baseband processing module has an uplink digital signal output terminal. The first digital baseband processing module is used to synthesize an uplink modulated signal digital sequence in the digital domain. A first digital-to-analog converter has an uplink digital input terminal and an uplink analog output terminal, wherein the uplink digital input terminal is coupled to the uplink digital signal output terminal, and the first digital-to-analog converter is used to convert the uplink modulated signal digital sequence into a first analog waveform. An in vivo coupling network includes a passive impedance matching network and an in vivo near-field coupling element. The passive impedance matching network has an uplink input and an uplink output. The uplink input is coupled to the uplink analog output, and the uplink output is coupled to the in vivo near-field coupling element. The in vivo coupling network is used to transmit the first analog waveform across the biological tissue barrier to the outside world through the near-field effect.

[0081] In some embodiments, the extracerebral communication subsystem includes, on the extracerebral receiving link: An external coupling network, including the external near-field coupling element, is used to receive the first analog waveform transmitted by the in vivo near-field coupling element through cross-tissue near-field sensing; A first analog-to-digital converter has an uplink analog input and an uplink digital output. The uplink analog input is coupled to the external coupling network. The first analog-to-digital converter is used to directly sample the first analog waveform and output a first digital quantization sequence. The second digital baseband processing module has an uplink digital signal input terminal coupled to the uplink digital output terminal. The second digital baseband processing module is used to perform digital downconversion and data demodulation on the first digital quantization sequence to recover the neural signal data.

[0082] In some embodiments, the extrabrain communication subsystem further includes, on the extrabrain transmit link: The second digital baseband processing module has a downlink digital signal output terminal. The second digital baseband processing module is used to synthesize a downlink modulated signal digital sequence in the digital domain. The second digital-to-analog converter has a downlink digital input terminal and a downlink analog output terminal, wherein the downlink digital input terminal is coupled to the downlink digital signal output terminal, and the second digital-to-analog converter is used to convert the downlink modulated signal digital sequence into a second analog waveform; An in vitro coupling network includes a passive impedance matching network and an in vitro near-field coupling element. The passive impedance matching network has a downlink input terminal and a downlink output terminal. The downlink input terminal is coupled to the downlink analog output terminal, and the downlink output terminal is coupled to the in vitro near-field coupling element. The in vitro coupling network is used to transmit the second analog waveform across the biological tissue barrier into the body through the near-field effect.

[0083] In some embodiments, the intrabrain communication subsystem further includes, on the intrabrain receiving link: An in vivo coupling network, including the in vivo near-field coupling element, the in vivo coupling network being used to receive the second analog waveform transmitted by the in vitro near-field coupling element via cross-tissue near-field sensing; The second analog-to-digital converter has a downlink analog input and a downlink digital output. The downlink analog input is coupled to the body coupling network. The second analog-to-digital converter is used to directly sample the second analog waveform and output a second digital quantization sequence. The first digital baseband processing module has a downlink digital signal input terminal coupled to the downlink digital output terminal. The first digital baseband processing module is used to perform digital downconversion and demodulation on the second digital quantization sequence to recover the control command.

[0084] In some embodiments, in the bidirectional duplex communication link, the downlink and uplink adopt the same direct-drive physical layer topology without analog mixers and without phase-locked loop circuits, and the operating mode of the bidirectional duplex communication link includes at least one of time division multiplexing, frequency division subcarrier multiplexing, or simultaneous full-duplex at the same frequency.

[0085] In some embodiments, the in vivo near-field coupling element and the external near-field coupling element are inductively coupled coil pairs, the inductively coupled coil pair including an intracranial coil disposed inside the skull and an extracranial coil disposed outside the skin.

[0086] In some embodiments, the in vivo near-field coupling element and the in vitro near-field coupling element are capacitive coupling plate pairs, the capacitive coupling plate pairs including an intracerebral plate disposed on the inner side of the skin and an extracerebral plate disposed on the outer side of the skin, with skin tissue as the coupling medium.

[0087] In some embodiments, a coupling mode switching controller is also included, which has a power consumption monitoring input and a link quality metric input. The coupling mode switching controller is used to perform selection or adaptive switching between inductive coupling mode and capacitive coupling mode based on real-time power consumption monitoring data of the intrabrain communication subsystem or received link quality metrics.

[0088] In some embodiments, the sampling rate of the first digital-to-analog converter and the second digital-to-analog converter is not less than 120 Msps, and the effective number of bits is not less than 8 bits.

[0089] In some embodiments, a digitally controlled variable capacitor unit is connected in parallel with the in vivo near-field coupling element and / or the external near-field coupling element as a passive impedance matching network. The variable capacitor unit has a control word input terminal for receiving a control word to adjust its capacitance value, and the adjustment range of the capacitance value is 1pF to 50pF.

[0090] Embodiments of this application also propose an electronic device, including a processor and a memory; the memory is used to store a computer program executable by the processor; the processor is used to execute the computer program in the memory to implement the brain-computer interface communication method described in any of the above embodiments.

[0091] Embodiments of this application also propose a computer-readable storage medium that, when an executable computer program in the storage medium is executed by a processor, enables the brain-computer interface communication method described in any of the above embodiments.

[0092] Embodiments of this application also propose a computer program product, including a storage medium and a computer program stored in the storage medium, which, when executed by a processor, implements the brain-computer interface communication method described in any of the above embodiments.

[0093] Regarding the apparatus in the above embodiments, the specific manner in which the processor performs the operations has been described in detail in the embodiments related to the method, and will not be elaborated further here.

[0094] Embodiments of this application also provide an electronic device 900, such as... Figure 9 As shown, the electronic device 900 includes a memory 901 and a processor 902. The memory 901 is used to store computer programs executable by the processor 902; the processor 902 is used to execute the computer programs in the memory 901 to implement the brain-computer interface communication method provided in any of the above embodiments.

[0095] The electronic device 900 also includes a communication interface 903. The processor 902, memory 901, and communication interface 903 are connected via a communication bus and communicate with each other.

[0096] Processor 902 may be a general-purpose central processing unit (CPU), a microprocessor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits used to control the execution of the above-mentioned program.

[0097] The communication interface 903 is used to communicate with other devices or communication networks, such as Ethernet, Radio Access Network (RAN), Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN), etc.

[0098] The memory 901 may be a read-only memory (ROM) or other type of static storage device capable of storing static information and instructions, random access memory (RAM) or other type of dynamic storage device capable of storing information and instructions; it may also be an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) or other optical disc storage, optical disc storage (including compressed optical discs, laser discs, optical discs, digital universal optical discs, Blu-ray discs, etc.), magnetic disk storage media or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium capable of carrying or storing desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and accessible by a computer, but not limited thereto. The memory may exist independently and be connected to the processor via a bus. The memory may also be integrated with the processor.

[0099] In this application, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. The term "multiple" refers to two or more unless otherwise expressly defined.

[0100] The above description of the embodiments is intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand and apply this application. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made to these embodiments, and the general principles described herein can be applied to other embodiments without creative effort. Therefore, this application is not limited to the embodiments described herein, and any improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the disclosure of this application without departing from the scope and spirit of this application are within the scope of this application.

Claims

1. A brain-computer interface communication system, characterized in that, The system includes: The intrabrain communication subsystem is used to synthesize an uplink modulated signal digital sequence in the digital domain and convert it into a first analog waveform, which is then transmitted to the outside through in vivo near-field coupling elements across biological tissue barriers. The extracranial communication subsystem is used to receive the first analog waveform through an external near-field coupling element, perform direct sampling and digital demodulation to recover neural signal data.

2. The brain-computer interface communication system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The extracerebral communication subsystem is also used to synthesize downmodulated signal digital sequences in the digital domain and convert them into a second analog waveform, which is then transmitted into the body across biological tissue barriers through the extracorporeal near-field coupling element. The intrabrain communication subsystem is also used to receive the second analog waveform from outside the body through the in vivo near-field coupling element, perform direct sampling and digital demodulation to recover control commands; The intrabrain communication subsystem and the extrabrain communication subsystem establish a bidirectional duplex communication link through near-field coupling between the in vivo near-field coupling element and the extra-external near-field coupling element.

3. The brain-computer interface communication system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intrabrain communication subsystem includes an intrabrain transmission link, which includes: The first digital baseband processing module has an uplink digital signal output terminal. The first digital baseband processing module is used to synthesize an uplink modulated signal digital sequence in the digital domain. A first digital-to-analog converter has an uplink digital input terminal and an uplink analog output terminal, wherein the uplink digital input terminal is coupled to the uplink digital signal output terminal, and the first digital-to-analog converter is used to convert the uplink modulated signal digital sequence into a first analog waveform. An in vivo coupling network includes a passive impedance matching network and an in vivo near-field coupling element. The passive impedance matching network has an uplink input and an uplink output. The uplink input is coupled to the uplink analog output, and the uplink output is coupled to the in vivo near-field coupling element. The in vivo coupling network is used to transmit the first analog waveform across the biological tissue barrier to the outside world through the near-field effect.

4. The brain-computer interface communication system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The extracerebral communication subsystem includes an extracerebral receiving link, which includes: An external coupling network, including the external near-field coupling element, is used to receive the first analog waveform transmitted by the in vivo near-field coupling element through cross-tissue near-field sensing; A first analog-to-digital converter has an uplink analog input and an uplink digital output. The uplink analog input is coupled to the external coupling network. The first analog-to-digital converter is used to directly sample the first analog waveform and output a first digital quantization sequence. The second digital baseband processing module has an uplink digital signal input terminal coupled to the uplink digital output terminal. The second digital baseband processing module is used to perform digital downconversion and data demodulation on the first digital quantization sequence to recover the neural signal data.

5. The brain-computer interface communication system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The extracerebral communication subsystem further includes an extracerebral transmission link, which includes: The second digital baseband processing module has a downlink digital signal output terminal. The second digital baseband processing module is used to synthesize a downlink modulated signal digital sequence in the digital domain. The second digital-to-analog converter has a downlink digital input terminal and a downlink analog output terminal, wherein the downlink digital input terminal is coupled to the downlink digital signal output terminal, and the second digital-to-analog converter is used to convert the downlink modulated signal digital sequence into a second analog waveform; An in vitro coupling network includes a passive impedance matching network and an in vitro near-field coupling element. The passive impedance matching network has a downlink input terminal and a downlink output terminal. The downlink input terminal is coupled to the downlink analog output terminal, and the downlink output terminal is coupled to the in vitro near-field coupling element. The in vitro coupling network is used to transmit the second analog waveform across the biological tissue barrier into the body through the near-field effect.

6. The brain-computer interface communication system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The intrabrain communication subsystem further includes an intrabrain receiving link, which includes: An in vivo coupling network, including the in vivo near-field coupling element, the in vivo coupling network being used to receive the second analog waveform transmitted by the in vitro near-field coupling element via cross-tissue near-field sensing; The second analog-to-digital converter has a downlink analog input and a downlink digital output. The downlink analog input is coupled to the body coupling network. The second analog-to-digital converter is used to directly sample the second analog waveform and output a second digital quantization sequence. The first digital baseband processing module has a downlink digital signal input terminal coupled to the downlink digital output terminal. The first digital baseband processing module is used to perform digital downconversion and demodulation on the second digital quantization sequence to recover the control command.

7. The brain-computer interface communication system according to claim 2, characterized in that, In the bidirectional duplex communication link, the downlink and uplink adopt the same direct-drive physical layer topology without analog mixers and phase-locked loop circuits, and the working mode of the bidirectional duplex communication link includes at least one of time division multiplexing, frequency division subcarrier multiplexing, or simultaneous full-duplex at the same frequency.

8. The brain-computer interface communication system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The in vivo near-field coupling element and the external near-field coupling element are inductively coupled coil pairs, which include an intracranial coil arranged inside the skull and an extracranial coil arranged outside the skin.

9. The brain-computer interface communication system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The in vivo near-field coupling element and the in vitro near-field coupling element are capacitive coupling plate pairs, which include an intracerebral electrode plate arranged on the inside of the skin and an extracerebral electrode plate arranged on the outside of the skin, with skin tissue as the coupling medium.

10. The brain-computer interface communication system according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that, It also includes a coupling mode switching controller, which has a power consumption monitoring input and a link quality metric input. The coupling mode switching controller is used to perform selection or adaptive switching between inductive coupling mode and capacitive coupling mode based on real-time power consumption monitoring data of the intrabrain communication subsystem or received link quality metric.

11. The brain-computer interface communication system according to claim 3 or 5, characterized in that, The sampling rates of the first digital-to-analog converter and the second digital-to-analog converter are determined based on the center frequency, signal bandwidth, and / or oversampling factor of the communication signal, and are configured to meet the direct synthesis requirements of the intermediate frequency or target operating frequency band modulated signal.

12. The brain-computer interface communication system according to claim 11, characterized in that, The sampling rate of the first digital-to-analog converter and the second digital-to-analog converter is not less than 120 Msps, and the effective number of bits is not less than 8 bits.

13. The brain-computer interface communication system according to claim 1, characterized in that, A digitally controlled variable capacitor unit is connected in parallel with the in vivo near-field coupling element and / or the external near-field coupling element as a passive impedance matching network. The variable capacitor unit has a control word input terminal for receiving control words to adjust its capacitance value.

14. The brain-computer interface communication system according to claim 13, characterized in that, The capacitance value can be adjusted from 1pF to 50pF.

15. A communication method for a brain-computer interface, characterized in that, The method includes: The brain communication subsystem synthesizes an uplink modulated signal digital sequence in the digital domain and converts it into a first analog waveform, which is then transmitted to the outside world across biological tissue barriers via an in vivo near-field coupling element. The first analog waveform is received by the extracranial communication subsystem through an external near-field coupling element, directly sampled and digitally demodulated to recover neural signal data.

16. An electronic device, characterized in that, It includes a memory and a processor, the memory being used to store computer programs executable by the processor; the processor being used to execute the computer programs in the memory to implement the functions of the brain-computer interface communication system as described in any one of claims 1 to 14.

17. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, It stores a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, enables the brain-computer interface communication system as described in any one of claims 1 to 14 to perform its functions.

18. A computer program product comprising a storage medium and a computer program stored in the storage medium, characterized in that, When executed by a processor, the computer program implements the functions of the communication system of the brain-computer interface as described in any one of claims 1 to 14.

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