Symbiotic communication based power line carrier active irs control system and method

Abstract

This invention discloses an active IRS control system and method based on power line carrier under symbiotic communication. The active IRS control system includes: a convergence gateway for receiving IRS control information sent by a base station or management platform, modulating the IRS control information into a power line carrier signal, and coupling the power line carrier signal to an AC power line; an active IRS controller connected to the AC power line and receiving sensor data; the active IRS controller separates and demodulates the IRS control information and power frequency AC current from the AC power line, generates secondary information based on the IRS control information and sensor data, and generates a reflector panel driving signal based on the secondary information; and an active IRS reflector panel including multiple reflector units integrated with low-noise amplifiers, wherein the switching state of the low-noise amplifiers and the phase and gain of the reflector units are adjusted by the reflector panel driving signal.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wireless communication technology, and in particular to an active IRS control system and method based on power line carrier under symbiotic communication. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of 5G and the future 6G, indoor scenarios (such as large shopping malls, office buildings, transportation hubs, and hospitals) carry over 80% of data traffic. To address the challenges of deep coverage and capacity enhancement for indoor mobile signals, Intelligent Reflecting Surface (IRS) technology has attracted widespread attention due to its ability to reconstruct the wireless propagation environment with low power consumption and low complexity. In IRS-based coexisting radio communication systems, the reflected signal of the IRS can provide coherent gain for the primary transmission and generate secondary information by controlling the amplitude of the reflecting unit, sharing the spectrum of the primary transmission without consuming additional resources. It is considered a key enabling technology for next-generation green communication.

[0003] However, traditional passive IRSs have a fundamental drawback: the reflected link experiences dual-path fading, resulting in extremely weak reflected signal strength. This severely limits both the main link gain and secondary signal quality, making reliable communication performance virtually impossible in complex indoor environments. To address this problem, the industry has proposed integrating a low-noise amplifier (LNA) into the IRS's reflecting unit to form an active IRS, amplifying the incident signal and significantly improving the reflected signal strength. Unfortunately, active IRSs also face the following critical technical challenges in practical deployments of coexisting communications:

[0004] First, controlling information transmission is difficult. Existing technologies include WiFi or Bluetooth control of IRS, but obstacles such as indoor walls and metal partitions cause severe wireless signal attenuation and extremely high packet loss rates. Furthermore, IRS requires independent configuration of wireless modules and power supplies, resulting in high deployment costs and complex maintenance. Wired control requires additional network cables or dedicated control lines, which not only damages existing decorations but is also completely unsuitable for renovations of existing buildings. This control bottleneck means that active IRS, in practical deployments, "can amplify but cannot be effectively controlled."

[0005] Second, the power supply solution is unreliable. The LNA in an active IRS requires a stable DC power supply, but running a separate power cord would damage interior décor. Battery power has limited battery life and requires frequent replacements, failing to meet the rigid requirements of maintenance-free, low-cost, large-scale deployment. Existing active IRSs typically use independent power supplies or batteries, resulting in high deployment costs and complex maintenance, severely hindering the commercialization of active IRS technology.

[0006] Third, co-occurrence communication modulation methods are complex. Existing co-occurrence communication schemes require additional modulation circuits (such as variable resistors and switching circuits) to generate secondary symbols, which not only increases hardware complexity but also introduces additional insertion loss, weakening the already limited gain advantage of active IRS.

[0007] Fourth, the controller has low integration. Active IRS controllers need to process downlink control information (phase shift matrix, gain configuration) and local sensor data (temperature, humidity, light, etc.) at the same time. Traditional controllers are built with discrete components, making it difficult to integrate the two and achieve dynamic decision-making. They also lack integrated design to dynamically drive the reflective panel according to the sensor status and cannot generate bias voltage, gain control and on / off keying modulation commands in an integrated manner.

[0008] In summary, existing technologies suffer from fundamental problems such as difficulties in deploying active IRSs in symbiotic communication scenarios, separation of power supply and control, and high hardware complexity. These issues prevent the widespread adoption of high-performance technologies due to excessively high deployment barriers. Currently, there is an urgent market need for an innovative solution that can revitalize existing building power line assets at low cost and high efficiency, and simultaneously address power supply, control, and symbiotic communication scheduling for active IRSs. Summary of the Invention

[0009] Purpose of the invention: The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an active IRS control system and method based on power line carrier under symbiotic communication, which addresses the shortcomings of the prior art.

[0010] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention discloses an active IRS control system based on power line carrier communication under symbiotic communication, comprising:

[0011] The convergence gateway 100 is used to receive IRS control information sent by a base station or management platform, modulate the IRS control information into a power line carrier signal, and couple the power line carrier signal to an AC power line; the IRS control information includes a phase shift matrix Θ, a gain configuration G, and a sensor threshold T;

[0012] An active IRS controller 200 is connected to the AC power line and receives sensor data; the active IRS controller separates and demodulates the IRS control information and power frequency AC current from the AC power line, and generates secondary information based on the IRS control information and sensor data, and generates a reflective panel drive signal based on the secondary information; the sensor data is data collected by IoT sensors;

[0013] The active IRS reflective panel 300 includes multiple reflective units integrated with low-noise amplifiers, the switching state of the low-noise amplifiers and the phase and gain of the reflective units being adjusted by the reflective panel drive signal.

[0014] On the other hand, the present invention discloses an active IRS control method based on the above-mentioned active IRS control system, comprising:

[0015] The convergence gateway receives IRS control information sent by a base station or management platform, modulates the IRS control information into a power line carrier signal, and couples the power line carrier signal to an AC power line; the IRS control information includes a phase shift matrix Θ, a gain configuration G, and a sensor threshold T;

[0016] The active IRS controller receives sensor data and receives the power line carrier signal via the AC power line. It demodulates and obtains IRS control information, and simultaneously draws power from the AC power line to power itself and the active IRS reflector panel. The active IRS controller generates secondary information based on the IRS control information and sensor data, and generates reflector panel drive signals based on the secondary information.

[0017] The drive signal of the reflective panel controls the switching state of the low-noise amplifier on the active IRS reflective panel and the phase and gain of the reflective unit.

[0018] On the other hand, the present invention discloses a symbiotic communication method applied to the above-mentioned active IRS control system or active IRS control method, comprising:

[0019] The main receiver receives the correlation superposition of the direct signal and the reflected signal to obtain the main link gain. The direct signal is the signal transmitted from the base station to the main receiver; the reflected signal is the signal reflected by the active IRS reflector panel.

[0020] The secondary receiver detects the presence or absence of the reflected signal by energy detection and demodulates the secondary information generated by the active IRS controller based on the sensor threshold T and sensor data.

[0021] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the active IRS control system and method based on power line carrier under symbiotic communication disclosed in this invention have the following advantages:

[0022] 1. Solve the problem of integrated power supply and control: It makes use of the most widely used 220V AC power lines in buildings, eliminating the need to lay additional power lines or control network cables for active IRS deployment, achieving "plug and play" deployment and saving on renovation costs.

[0023] 2. Sensor-priority decision-making and low-power design: The IRS controller has a built-in FPGA and uses an interrupt mechanism to prioritize the processing of sensor data. The phase configuration and signal amplification of the reflective panel are only enabled when the sensor value exceeds the threshold; otherwise, it enters low-power sleep mode, avoiding invalid phase adjustment and energy waste, and extending the service life of the equipment.

[0024] 3. Highly Reliable Wired Control and Synchronization: Power line carrier signals are transmitted along power lines, unaffected by obstacles such as indoor walls and metal partitions. Combined with a high-precision beacon frame synchronization mechanism, this ensures accurate parsing and updating of the phase shift matrix and gain configuration, resulting in a significantly higher success rate for control information transmission than wireless WiFi / Bluetooth solutions. Uplink alarms are also supported, enhancing system robustness.

[0025] 4. Multi-information fusion and dynamic decision-making: The active IRS controller integrates a multi-channel DAC, a gain control DAC, and an FPGA, which can simultaneously process downlink control information and local sensor data. It can dynamically decide the working state of the reflector panel through remotely configurable thresholds, and generate secondary symbols without additional hardware, greatly reducing hardware complexity.

[0026] 5. Symbiotic Communication and Collaborative Enhancement: Stable power supply enhances the overall reflected signal. The main receiver obtains link gain through the coherent superposition of direct and reflected signals. The secondary receiver demodulates sensor data bits by detecting the presence or absence of the reflected signal through energy detection. The main and secondary links share the same spectrum resources, realizing symbiotic communication with "zero spectrum occupancy". Attached Figure Description

[0027] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, and the advantages of the present invention in the above and / or other aspects will become clearer.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an application scenario of an active IRS control system based on power line carrier communication under symbiotic communication according to some embodiments of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an active IRS control system based on power line carrier under symbiotic communication according to some embodiments of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a converged gateway according to some embodiments of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of an active IRS controller according to some embodiments of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating an active IRS control method according to some embodiments of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 6 A flowchart illustrating a symbiotic communication method according to some embodiments of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 7a This is a schematic diagram comparing the success rates of instruction execution according to some embodiments of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 7b This is a schematic diagram showing a comparison of spectral efficiency according to some embodiments of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0036] like Figure 1 The diagram illustrates an application scenario of the active IRS control system based on power line carrier communication disclosed in this invention. The base station BS sends IRS control information to the active IRS control system C1. Data collected by the IoT sensor S1 is sent to C1. C1 generates secondary information based on the IRS control information and sensor data, and sends it to the receiver R1 via a reflected signal. R1 simultaneously receives the direct signal sent by the base station. The receiver R1 includes a main receiver and a secondary receiver. The main receiver and the secondary receiver process the direct signal and the reflected signal to obtain the main information sent by the base station and the secondary information reflecting the sensor data.

[0037] In some embodiments, IRS control information is sent from the management platform to the active IRS control system C1; in some embodiments, the base station or management platform sends IRS control information to the active IRS control system C1 via wired communication links such as network cables or optical fibers.

[0038] In some embodiments, the IoT sensor transmits the collected data to the active IRS control system C1 via wired signal lines such as coaxial cables or ribbon cables.

[0039] exist Figure 1In the scenario shown, the downlink consists of two parts: a reflection link from the base station or management platform through the active IRS control system to receiver R1, where the portion from the base station or management platform to the active IRS control system transmits IRS control information, and the portion from the active IRS control system to receiver R1 transmits secondary information; and a direct link from the base station to receiver R1. The uplink is the link from the active IRS control system to the base station or management platform, transmitting the status information of the active IRS control system. The primary link is the signal link from the base station to the primary receiver in receiver R1; the secondary link is the signal link from the base station to the secondary receiver.

[0040] This invention discloses an active IRS control system based on power line carrier communication under symbiotic communication, such as... Figure 2 As shown, it includes:

[0041] The convergence gateway 100 is used to receive IRS control information sent by a base station or management platform, modulate the IRS control information into a power line carrier signal, and couple the power line carrier signal to an AC power line; the IRS control information includes a phase shift matrix Θ, a gain configuration G, and a sensor threshold T;

[0042] An active IRS controller 200 is connected to the AC power line and receives sensor data; the active IRS controller separates and demodulates the IRS control information and power frequency AC current from the AC power line, and generates secondary information based on the IRS control information and sensor data, and generates a reflective panel drive signal based on the secondary information; the sensor data is data collected by IoT sensors;

[0043] The active IRS reflective panel 300 includes multiple reflective units integrated with low-noise amplifiers, the switching state of the low-noise amplifiers and the phase and gain of the reflective units being adjusted by the reflective panel drive signal.

[0044] In some embodiments, the converged gateway 100 and the active IRS controller 200 are respectively plugged into different sockets within the same power supply line, such as... Figure 2 The sockets 401 and 402 in the middle enable the transmission of power line carrier signals.

[0045] In some embodiments, the converged gateway 100 is powered by an external independent DC power source. In some embodiments, the converged gateway 100 is deployed in a low-voltage room.

[0046] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 As shown, the converged gateway 100 includes:

[0047] The beacon broadcast module 101 is used to periodically broadcast power line carrier beacon frames; the beacon frame includes a timestamp, frame sequence number, gateway identifier, and synchronization check code.

[0048] The power line carrier modulation module 102 is used to encode and modulate IRS control information and beacon frames onto a high-speed carrier frequency band; in some embodiments, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is used to modulate to a frequency band of 1~30MHz.

[0049] Combiner 103 is used to combine the modulated IRS control information and the beacon frame signal to output a first high-frequency power line carrier signal.

[0050] The first bias circuit 104 is used to couple and superimpose the first high-frequency power line carrier signal with the power frequency AC current to output a first mixed signal.

[0051] Synthesizer 105: Combines the first mixed signal with the AC power line at a physical interface and outputs it to the AC power line. In some embodiments, the AC power line is 220V / 50Hz.

[0052] In some embodiments, such as Figure 4 As shown, the active IRS controller 200 includes:

[0053] The second bias circuit 201 is used to separate the high-frequency power line carrier signal and the first power frequency AC current from the AC power line to obtain the second high-frequency power line carrier signal and the power frequency signal.

[0054] In some embodiments, the second bias T circuit 201 is composed of a power frequency high current inductor branch and a high voltage ceramic capacitor branch connected in parallel. The front end integrates a varistor and a gas discharge tube to realize surge and overvoltage protection. The power frequency high current inductor branch is used to acquire the power frequency signal, and the high voltage ceramic capacitor branch is used to acquire the second high frequency power line carrier signal, thereby realizing the separation of power frequency AC power and high frequency PLC signal.

[0055] The power line carrier demodulation module 202 is used to demodulate the second high-frequency power line carrier signal and recover the IRS control information. In some embodiments, filtering, amplification, and other processing are performed before demodulation. In some embodiments, the phase shift matrix Θ, gain configuration G, and sensor threshold T in the IRS control information are stored in the internal registers of the field programmable gate array 204.

[0056] The AC-DC power supply module 203 is used to convert the power frequency computer into multiple low-voltage DC power supplies to power the active IRS controller and the active IRS reflector panel 300.

[0057] The Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) 204 is used to generate secondary information based on the recovered IRS control information and sensor data, and to generate reflective panel drive signals based on the secondary information; the reflective panel drive signals include N digital phase control signals and digital gain G; N is the number of reflective units in the active IRS reflective panel 300;

[0058] The multi-channel DAC module 205 is used to convert the N digital phase control signals output by the FPGA into N analog bias voltages to drive the N reflective units in the active IRS reflective panel 300. In some embodiments, the multi-channel DAC module 205 outputs a voltage range of 0~5V and has a resolution of ≥8 bits.

[0059] Gain control DAC 206 is used to convert the digital gain G received from the FPGA output into an analog gain control voltage V_G, which controls the gain of all low-noise amplifiers on the active IRS reflector panel. In some embodiments, the gain control DAC 206 outputs a voltage range of 0~5V and has a resolution of ≥8 bits.

[0060] In some embodiments, the N analog bias voltages and analog gain control voltages V_G, as well as the power supply for the reflective unit, are transmitted to the active IRS reflective panel 300 via flexible cabling.

[0061] In some embodiments, the active IRS controller 200 further includes a power line carrier uplink modulation module 207, used to encode the reported status information into an uplink power line carrier frame, modulate it using OFDM to the same frequency band as the downlink, and couple it to the power line for uplink transmission through a second bias T circuit; the converged gateway 100 further includes a power line carrier uplink receiving module 107, used to receive the status information reported by the active IRS controller 200 through the power line; and demodulate the status information and forward it to the base station or management platform. Both uplink and downlink use orthogonal frequency division multiplexing modulation and demodulation technology, and adopt time slot time division duplex (TDD) mode.

[0062] In some embodiments, the field-programmable gate array 204 generates secondary information and generates a reflective panel driving signal based on the secondary information, specifically including:

[0063] The FPGA reads the sensor threshold T from the register. When the sensor data does not exceed the sensor threshold T, the current secondary information symbol K=0; when the sensor data exceeds the sensor threshold T, K=1.

[0064] When K=0, the output of the gain control DAC 206 is set low, that is, the analog gain control voltage V_G is set low, all low noise amplifiers in the active IRS reflector panel are turned off, and the system enters a low power sleep state.

[0065] When K=1, N digital phase signals are generated according to the phase shift matrix Θ and sent to the multi-channel DAC 205 to be converted into N analog bias voltages. At the same time, the gain configuration G is sent to the gain control DAC to generate an analog gain control voltage V_G. The N analog bias voltages are used to drive N reflective units in the active IRS reflective panel.

[0066] Through the above-mentioned active IRS control system, the strength of the reflected signal emitted by the active IRS reflector panel represents the secondary information. The secondary receiver deciphers this secondary information through energy detection, realizing spectrum co-generation transmission with "zero additional power consumption".

[0067] In some embodiments, the field programmable gate array 204 employs an interrupt mechanism to implement priority control, with the interrupt priority of sensor data being higher than that of PLC data reception interrupt.

[0068] In some embodiments, the converged gateway 100 further includes an encryption and verification module 106, which is used to encrypt the IRS control information and add a CRC check code before modulation; the power line carrier demodulation module 202 in the active IRS controller 200 is also used to decrypt and perform CRC verification on the demodulated signal, and recover the IRS control information from the decrypted and verified signal.

[0069] In some embodiments, the active IRS controller 200 further includes a synchronization calibration module 208 for calibrating the local clock according to the received beacon frames to achieve time slot synchronization with the converged gateway.

[0070] In some embodiments, the beacon broadcast module 101 in the fusion gateway broadcasts a PLC beacon frame every 10ms, which includes a precise transmission timestamp (accuracy ±100ns), frame sequence number, gateway identifier, and synchronization check code;

[0071] The synchronization calibration module 208 records the received timestamp and calculates the power line transmission delay for compensation, calibrates the local FPGA clock, and the final synchronization accuracy is typically better than 10μs, which fully meets the time slot synchronization requirements of 5G NR and other systems.

[0072] By utilizing the fixed 1ms time offset between PLC data frames and beacon frames, subsequent IRS control information can be accurately analyzed to ensure that the phase shift matrix and gain configuration are updated in the correct time slot.

[0073] If three beacon frames are lost consecutively, the active IRS controller determines that synchronization has been lost, immediately sends an alarm frame to the converged gateway through the power line carrier uplink modulation module 207, and continues to use the last valid phase shift matrix and gain configuration to maintain operation until resynchronization.

[0074] In some embodiments, each reflection unit in the active IRS reflector panel 300 integrates a varactor diode, which adjusts the phase of the reflected wave by changing the equivalent capacitance through a bias voltage.

[0075] In some embodiments, each reflection unit of the active IRS reflective panel 300 integrates an independent low-noise LNA, which is connected to the reflection path of the corresponding unit; the analog gain control terminals of all LNAs are connected in parallel and uniformly receive the analog gain control voltage V_G sent by the gain control DAC 206; the +12V DC power required by the LNA is provided by the active IRS controller 200 through a ribbon cable; the gain of the LNA is linearly adjustable with the analog gain control voltage V_G output by the gain control DAC.

[0076] Some embodiments of the present invention also disclose an active IRS control method based on the above-mentioned symbiotic communication-based active IRS control system using power line carrier, such as... Figure 5 As shown, it includes:

[0077] The convergence gateway receives IRS control information sent by a base station or management platform, modulates the IRS control information into a power line carrier signal, and couples the power line carrier signal to an AC power line; the IRS control information includes a phase shift matrix Θ, a gain configuration G, and a sensor threshold T;

[0078] The active IRS controller receives sensor data and receives the power line carrier signal via the AC power line. It demodulates and obtains IRS control information, and simultaneously draws power from the AC power line to power itself and the active IRS reflector panel. The active IRS controller generates secondary information based on the IRS control information and sensor data, and generates reflector panel drive signals based on the secondary information.

[0079] The drive signal of the reflective panel controls the switching state of the low-noise amplifier on the active IRS reflective panel and the phase and gain of the reflective unit.

[0080] Some embodiments of the present invention also disclose a symbiotic communication method, applied to an active IRS control system or method based on power line carrier under the above-mentioned symbiotic communication, such as... Figure 6 As shown, it includes:

[0081] The main receiver receives the correlation superposition of the direct signal and the reflected signal to obtain the main link gain. The direct signal is the signal transmitted from the base station to the main receiver; the reflected signal is the signal reflected by the active IRS reflector panel.

[0082] The secondary receiver detects the presence or absence of the reflected signal by energy detection and demodulates the secondary information generated by the active IRS controller based on the sensor threshold T and sensor data.

[0083] This invention uses an example of an office building already in use to illustrate its application. The aim is to address two major pain points in the building's indoor 5G signal coverage: severe signal attenuation in corner areas and limited uplink data transmission, making data collection from IoT sensors difficult. Simultaneously, the property management wants to integrate environmental monitoring and communication using existing temperature and humidity sensors, avoiding the need for additional wiring.

[0084] The upgrade and renovation steps for this office building using the active IRS control system based on power line carrier under symbiotic communication disclosed in this invention are as follows:

[0085] 1. Front-end Deployment (Low-Voltage Room): The Converged Network 100 is installed in a standard cabinet in the low-voltage room of the building. The WAN port of the converged gateway is connected to the BBU (Baseband Processing Unit) of the operator's 5G base station via fiber optic cable to obtain downlink control signals and uplink scheduling information. Simultaneously, the management port of the converged gateway is connected to the property's integrated management platform via Ethernet to receive sensor threshold configurations. The power plug of the converged gateway is inserted into the AC power line in the low-voltage room.

[0086] 2. Power Line Utilization: The existing 220V AC power lines on the floor can be used directly without any modifications. A space will be reserved next to a wall-mounted power outlet near the target office area (areas with high signal demand, such as a corner of a meeting room) for the installation of the active IRS controller 200.

[0087] 3. Installation of Active IRS Controller 200 and Active IRS Reflector Panel 300: Insert the active IRS controller 200 directly into the pre-installed 220V power outlet. Fix the 30cm x 30cm active IRS reflector panel 300 to the ceiling above the outlet, and connect the active IRS controller 200 and the active IRS reflector panel 300 using a flexible cable. Deploy independent temperature and humidity sensors within a 5-meter radius of the active IRS reflector panel 300, connecting them to the active IRS controller 200 via an I2C cable. In this embodiment, the active IRS reflector panel contains 64 reflective units.

[0088] 4. The base station calculates the optimal phase shift matrix Θ and optimal amplification gain value G of the IRS based on the known channel state information, and transmits them to the converged gateway in the low-voltage room via optical fiber. Simultaneously, property management personnel set the sensor threshold to 28℃ and send it to the converged gateway through the management platform. The converged gateway encodes Θ, G, and T=28℃ and modulates them onto the high-frequency power line carrier band to form PLC data frames. The beacon broadcast module periodically broadcasts PLC beacon frames. The combiner processes the PLC data frames and PLC beacon frames and superimposes them onto the 220V power line through the first bias T circuit.

[0089] 5. The second bias T circuit in the active IRS controller within the target office area automatically separates the mains AC power from the PLC signal: the mains AC power is converted to +12V, +5V, and +3.3V DC power via AC-DC conversion to power the active IRS controller and the active IRS reflector panel; the PLC signal is demodulated to recover Θ, G, and T=28℃, and the FPGA updates the threshold register to 28℃. The temperature and humidity sensor is connected to the active IRS controller via an I2C interface. The temperature and humidity sensor is powered by an independent battery with a sampling period of 1 second. When the measured temperature is below the threshold of 28℃, the FPGA determines K=0, sets the gain control DAC output low (0V), shuts down the multi-channel DAC output, continuously demodulates and updates the Θ, G, and T stored in the internal registers of the FPGA in real time, the reflector panel LNA is turned off, almost no signal is reflected, and the system enters low-power sleep mode; the secondary receiver detects no reflection (corresponding to bit 0). When the temperature rises above 28℃, the FPGA determines K=1, exits sleep mode, generates 64 digital phase signals based on Θ, and sends them to a 64-channel DAC to be converted into 64 independent analog bias voltages from 0 to 5V. Simultaneously, the digital gain value G is sent to the gain control DAC to generate an analog gain control voltage V_G. The unit-level LNA on the reflector panel turns on and amplifies the incident signal according to the set gain, reflecting a high-intensity phase-optimized signal (representing bit 1). The main receiver receives the coherently superimposed enhanced signal, and the secondary receiver demodulates the sensor data bits through energy detection.

[0090] This embodiment compares and verifies the system's operation and performance:

[0091] After deployment, a set of comparative tests were conducted in the office area to verify the actual gain effect of the invention. The receivers included a 5G mobile phone and an IoT gateway.

[0092] Test 1: Verify the reliability of wired PLC control compared to wireless control;

[0093] In the same office, a comparative experiment was conducted on two methods of sending IRS control information: (1) the base station connected to the active IRS controller via WiFi and sent IRS control information; (2) the base station connected to the active IRS controller via a converged gateway using a PLC and sent IRS control information. Under both methods, the base station sent a phase shift matrix update command once per second, and the test was conducted continuously for 24 hours (a total of 86,400 commands were sent). The command execution success rate was statistically analyzed for both methods. Figure 7a As shown, the wired PLC control scheme of the present invention has a 0.3 to 0.9 percentage point higher instruction execution success rate than the wireless control scheme, and its long-term operational stability is significantly better. It is suitable for scenarios such as industrial IoT and telemedicine where reliability requirements are extremely high.

[0094] Due to factors such as indoor wall obstruction and co-channel interference, the WiFi control solution successfully executed 86,100 times within 24 hours, with a success rate of approximately 99.65%. However, the success rate fluctuated over time, dropping to around 99.0% during peak interference periods. In contrast, the PLC wired control solution of this invention successfully executed 86,380 times, with a success rate of approximately 99.98%, remaining stable at over 99.95% throughout, with only 20 instructions lost in total.

[0095] Test 2: Verify the improvement effect of this invention on the main transmission rate;

[0096] A comparative test of the main transmission rates of the three schemes was conducted in a laboratory environment:

[0097] Option 1: Passive IRS (the amplitude of the reflective element is fixed at 1, only the phase is adjusted, and there is no signal amplification capability).

[0098] Option 2: Active IRS + additional modulation circuit (requires adding a variable resistor or switching circuit to generate the secondary symbol, introducing insertion loss);

[0099] Option 3: The present invention, namely an active IRS, uses an FPGA to generate the driving signal for the reflective panel;

[0100] The test used the same channel environment (Rayleigh fading + AWGN), and the base station transmit power was changed from 20 dBm to 30 dBm (in 2 dBm steps). The spectral efficiency (unit: bit / s / Hz) of each scheme was statistically analyzed.

[0101] like Figure 7bAs shown, the spectral efficiency of this invention is the highest. Compared to an active IRS with additional modulation circuitry, this invention improves spectral efficiency by approximately 1.0~1.25 bit / s / Hz; compared to a passive IRS, it improves by approximately 2.0~2.75 bit / s / Hz. This is because this invention avoids the insertion loss of the additional modulation circuitry and effectively amplifies the reflected signal through an LNA, significantly improving the main link signal-to-noise ratio and thus achieving a higher main transmission rate.

[0102] This invention provides a concept and method for active IRS control based on power line carrier under symbiotic communication. Many methods and approaches exist for implementing this technical solution; the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of this invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of this invention. All components not explicitly stated in this embodiment can be implemented using existing technologies.

Claims

1. An active IRS control system based on power line carrier communication under symbiotic communication, characterized in that, include: A converged gateway (100) is used to receive IRS control information sent by a base station or management platform, modulate the IRS control information into a power line carrier signal, and couple the power line carrier signal to an AC power line; the IRS control information includes a phase shift matrix Θ, a gain configuration G, and a sensor threshold T; An active IRS controller (200) is connected to the AC power line and receives sensor data; the active IRS controller separates and demodulates the IRS control information and power frequency AC current from the AC power line, and generates secondary information based on the IRS control information and sensor data, and generates a reflective panel drive signal based on the secondary information; the sensor data is data collected by IoT sensors; An active IRS reflector panel (300) includes multiple reflector units integrated with low-noise amplifiers, the switching states of the low-noise amplifiers and the phase and gain of the reflector units being adjusted by a drive signal from the reflector panel.

2. The active IRS control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The converged gateway (100) includes: The beacon broadcast module (101) is used to periodically broadcast power line carrier beacon frames; the beacon frame includes a timestamp, frame number, gateway identifier and synchronization check code; The power line carrier modulation module (102) is used to encode and modulate IRS control information and beacon frames onto the high-speed carrier frequency band; The combiner (103) is used to combine the modulated IRS control information and the beacon frame signal to output the first high-frequency power line carrier signal. The first bias T circuit (104) is used to couple and superimpose the first high-frequency power line carrier signal with the power frequency AC current to output the first mixed signal; Synthesizer (105): Used to combine the first mixed signal with the AC power line at the physical interface and output to the AC power line.

3. The active IRS control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The active IRS controller (200) includes: The second bias T circuit (201) is used to separate the high-frequency power line carrier signal and the power frequency AC current from the AC power line to obtain the second high-frequency power line carrier signal and the power frequency signal; The power line carrier demodulation module (202) is used to demodulate the second high-frequency power line carrier signal and recover the IRS control information; An AC-DC power supply module (203) is used to convert the power frequency computer into multiple low-voltage DC power supplies to power the active IRS controller and the active IRS reflector panel (300); A field-programmable gate array (204) is used to generate secondary information based on the recovered IRS control information and sensor data, and to generate a reflective panel drive signal based on the secondary information; the reflective panel drive signal includes N digital phase control signals and digital gain G; N is the number of reflective units in the active IRS reflective panel (300); A multi-channel DAC module (205) is used to convert N digital phase control signals output by the FPGA into N analog bias voltages to drive N reflective units in the active IRS reflective panel (300); The gain control DAC (206) is used to convert the digital gain G received from the FPGA output into an analog gain control voltage V_G to control the gain of all low-noise amplifiers on the active IRS reflector panel.

4. The active IRS control system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The active IRS controller (200) includes a power line carrier uplink modulation module (207) for encoding the reported status information into an uplink power line carrier frame, modulating it to the same frequency band as the downlink using OFDM, and coupling it to the power line for uplink transmission through a second bias T circuit (201); the converged gateway (100) includes a power line carrier uplink receiving module (107) for receiving the status information reported by the active IRS controller (200) through the power line from the power line; and demodulating the status information and forwarding it to the base station or management platform.

5. The active IRS control system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The field-programmable gate array (204) generates secondary information and generates a reflective panel driving signal based on the secondary information, specifically including: When the sensor data does not exceed the sensor threshold T in the IRS control information, the current secondary information symbol K=0; when the sensor data exceeds the sensor threshold T in the IRS control information, K=1. When K=0, the output of the gain control DAC (206) is set low, all low-noise amplifiers in the active IRS reflector panel are turned off, and the system enters a low-power sleep state. When K=1, N digital phase signals are generated according to the phase shift matrix Θ and sent to the multi-channel DAC (205) to be converted into N analog bias voltages. At the same time, the gain configuration G is sent to the gain control DAC to generate an analog gain control voltage V_G. The N analog bias voltages are used to drive N reflective units in the active IRS reflective panel.

6. The active IRS control system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The field programmable gate array (204) uses an interrupt mechanism to implement priority control, with the interrupt priority of sensor data being higher than that of PLC data reception interrupt.

7. The active IRS control system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The active IRS controller (200) also includes a synchronization calibration module (208) for calibrating the local clock according to the received beacon frames to achieve time slot synchronization with the converged gateway.

8. The active IRS control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each reflective unit in the active IRS reflective panel (300) integrates a varactor diode, which adjusts the phase of the reflected wave by changing the equivalent capacitance through a bias voltage.

9. An active IRS control method based on the system according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, include: The convergence gateway receives IRS control information sent by a base station or management platform, modulates the IRS control information into a power line carrier signal, and couples the power line carrier signal to an AC power line; the IRS control information includes a phase shift matrix Θ, a gain configuration G, and a sensor threshold T; The active IRS controller receives sensor data and receives the power line carrier signal via the AC power line. It demodulates and obtains IRS control information, and simultaneously draws power from the AC power line to power itself and the active IRS reflector panel. The active IRS controller generates secondary information based on the IRS control information and sensor data, and generates reflector panel drive signals based on the secondary information. The drive signal of the reflective panel controls the switching state of the low-noise amplifier on the active IRS reflective panel and the phase and gain of the reflective unit.

10. A symbiotic communication method, characterized in that, Applied to the system of any one of claims 1 to 8 or the method of claim 9, comprising: The main receiver receives the correlation superposition of the direct signal and the reflected signal to obtain the main link gain. The direct signal is the signal transmitted from the base station to the main receiver; the reflected signal is the signal reflected by the active IRS reflector panel. The secondary receiver detects the presence or absence of the reflected signal by energy detection and demodulates the secondary information generated by the active IRS controller based on the sensor threshold T and sensor data.

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