Electric energy meter accurate positioning device and method

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of power automation technology, specifically a device and method for precise positioning of electricity meters. The device includes: a positioning unit for acquiring the latitude and longitude coordinates and positioning accuracy of the electricity meter; an attitude sensing unit for acquiring the tilt angle, vibration amplitude, and acceleration parameters of the electricity meter; an RFID tagging unit for reading the electronic tag embedded in or affixed to the electricity meter and verifying whether the current meter number matches a preset number; a data transmission unit for uploading the position information, attitude information, verification results, and alarm signals processed by the microcontroller unit to a terminal management platform; and a microcontroller unit for fusing and correcting the position information acquired by the positioning unit and the attitude information acquired by the attitude sensing unit to obtain a corrected position, and determining whether the electricity meter has moved or tilted. This invention features small positioning error, high maintenance efficiency, and strong communication reliability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power automation technology, and is a device and method for precise positioning of electricity meters. Background Technology

[0002] With the accelerating pace of urbanization, smart meters are increasingly widely used in power systems. However, in actual operation and maintenance, due to urban redevelopment, changes in user addresses, meter replacement and upgrades, and changes in electricity usage, the physical locations of many meters do not match the records. When receiving tasks such as investigating electricity theft, troubleshooting, and rotating meters, staff often need to spend a significant amount of time searching for the target meter on-site. According to incomplete statistics, the average manual search for a single meter takes about 30 minutes, seriously affecting the power company's operational efficiency and customer satisfaction.

[0003] Currently, the power industry mainly uses the following technical solutions for electricity meter positioning. Single GPS or BeiDou satellite positioning technology can provide a positioning accuracy of 5 to 10 meters in open areas, but in environments with severe signal obstruction, such as indoors, basements, and densely populated high-rise buildings, satellite signals are significantly attenuated or even completely lost, leading to positioning failures or a sharp increase in error. Passive RFID tag positioning technology, while enabling short-range identification, has an extremely short identification distance, typically only a few centimeters to tens of centimeters, and requires manual scanning of each meter with a handheld reader, making remote automatic positioning impossible. Manual inspection relies entirely on the experience of maintenance personnel and paper records, resulting in low efficiency and a high risk of error. Power line carrier positioning technology utilizes existing power lines to transmit signals, but its positioning accuracy and stability are difficult to guarantee due to factors such as grid noise and load changes. Bluetooth near-field positioning also suffers from short communication distances and the need to deploy beacons.

[0004] The aforementioned existing technologies generally suffer from the following shortcomings: First, poor positioning accuracy, failing to meet the requirements for precise positioning; second, limited communication methods, prone to data packet loss or delays in areas with weak signals, resulting in unstable information transmission; third, lack of monitoring capability for meter movement, making it difficult to distinguish between normal maintenance meter relocation and illegal electricity theft meter relocation, leading to high false alarm and missed alarm rates; fourth, high maintenance costs and a large workload for on-site verification. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a technical solution capable of accurately locating electricity meters and monitoring their status in real time to address these problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a precise positioning device and method for electricity meters, which overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art and can effectively solve the problems of low positioning accuracy, unreliable communication, and low operation and maintenance efficiency of electricity meters in the prior art.

[0006] One of the technical solutions of this invention is achieved through the following measures: a precise positioning device for an electricity meter, comprising: a positioning unit for acquiring the latitude and longitude coordinates and positioning accuracy of the electricity meter; an attitude sensing unit for acquiring the tilt angle, vibration amplitude, and acceleration parameters of the electricity meter; an RFID tagging unit for reading the electronic tag embedded in or affixed to the electricity meter and verifying whether the meter number information of the current electricity meter is consistent with the preset meter number; a data transmission unit for uploading the position information, attitude information, verification results, and alarm signals processed by the microcontroller unit to the terminal management platform; and a microcontroller unit for fusing and correcting the position information acquired by the positioning unit and the attitude information acquired by the attitude sensing unit to obtain the corrected position, and determining whether the electricity meter has moved or tilted based on the corrected position information and attitude information, and generating an alarm signal.

[0007] The following are further optimizations and / or improvements to one of the above-mentioned technical solutions: The aforementioned attitude sensing unit may include a three-axis accelerometer and a gyroscope; the three-axis accelerometer is used to collect the vibration amplitude and acceleration parameters of the electricity meter, and the gyroscope is used to collect the tilt angle of the electricity meter.

[0008] The aforementioned data transmission unit may include a wireless transmission subunit, a wired transmission subunit, and a signal strength detection subunit; the wireless transmission subunit may be an NB-IoT module, and the wired transmission subunit may be a power line carrier module; the signal strength detection subunit is used to detect the current network signal strength and automatically switch between the wireless transmission subunit and the wired transmission subunit based on the detection result.

[0009] The aforementioned microcontroller unit may also be connected to a data encryption unit and a real-time clock unit; the data encryption unit is used to encrypt the information transmitted to the data transmission unit, and the real-time clock unit is used to generate timestamps for the collected position and attitude information.

[0010] The aforementioned microcontroller unit may have a built-in data fusion module for fusing position and attitude information using a Kalman filter algorithm.

[0011] The aforementioned microcontroller unit may have a built-in displacement judgment module and an attitude judgment module; the displacement judgment module is used to compare whether the difference between the real-time position collected by the aforementioned positioning unit and the preset reference position exceeds a preset distance threshold; the attitude judgment module is used to compare the tilt angle collected by the aforementioned attitude sensing unit with a preset angle threshold, and trigger a tilt alarm when the threshold is exceeded and the duration exceeds a preset time.

[0012] The second technical solution of the present invention is achieved through the following measures: a method for accurate positioning of an electricity meter based on the above-mentioned device, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Initialization, recording the meter number information and initial position information of the electricity meter; Step 2: Data acquisition, acquiring real-time position information through a positioning unit, acquiring attitude information through an attitude sensing unit, and verifying the meter number information through an RFID tagging unit; Step 3: Fusion and correction, fusing the acquired position information and attitude information to obtain corrected position information; Step 4: Alarm determination, determining whether the alarm conditions are met based on the deviation between the corrected position information and the initial position information, and generating an alarm signal if the conditions are met; Step 5: Transmission and reporting, uploading the corrected position information and alarm signal to the terminal management platform through a data transmission unit.

[0013] The following are further optimizations and / or improvements to the second technical solution of the above invention: The data fusion in step three above can be achieved using the Kalman filter algorithm to fuse GPS / BeiDou positioning data with accelerometer and gyroscope data.

[0014] The alarm conditions in step four above may include: the distance between the corrected position and the initial position is greater than a preset distance threshold and continues for more than a preset time; or the tilt angle is greater than a preset angle threshold and continues for more than a preset time; or the RFID verification form number is inconsistent with the initially entered form number.

[0015] In step five above, the data transmission unit can use NB-IoT wireless transmission, and can automatically switch to power line carrier transmission when the signal strength is lower than a preset threshold.

[0016] This invention achieves high-precision positioning and status monitoring of electricity meters through the coordinated operation of a positioning unit, attitude sensing unit, RFID identification unit, data transmission unit, and microcontroller unit. Specifically, it employs multi-source data fusion correction technology, fusing satellite positioning data with accelerometer and gyroscope data using Kalman filtering to eliminate random errors and system drift from a single positioning source, significantly improving positioning accuracy. It utilizes dual-mode communication with NB-IoT and power line carrier with automatic switching, ensuring stable and reliable data upload in any environment. By monitoring real-time position and attitude changes and combining this with RFID meter number verification, it can accurately distinguish between normal meter relocation for maintenance and illegal meter theft, promptly issuing alarm signals. The entire device has a compact structure, is easy to install, requires no additional wiring, and reduces construction costs. Compared with existing technologies, this invention reduces positioning errors from meter-level to sub-meter-level, significantly shortens single-meter lookup time, increases communication success rate, significantly improves the efficiency of detecting electricity theft, and significantly reduces maintenance costs, demonstrating good economic and social benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the precise positioning device for an electricity meter according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the precise positioning method for electricity meters according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the positioning data fusion and correction algorithm according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating the automatic switching logic between NB-IoT and power line carrier in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and the specific implementation can be determined according to the technical solution of the present invention and the actual situation.

[0022] The present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments: Example 1: As Figure 1As shown, this embodiment provides a precise positioning device for an electricity meter, comprising: a positioning unit for acquiring the latitude and longitude coordinates and positioning accuracy of the electricity meter; an attitude sensing unit for acquiring the tilt angle, vibration amplitude, and acceleration parameters of the electricity meter; an RFID tagging unit for reading the electronic tag embedded in or affixed to the electricity meter and verifying whether the meter number information of the current electricity meter is consistent with the preset meter number; a data transmission unit for uploading the position information, attitude information, verification results, and alarm signal processed by the microcontroller unit to the terminal management platform; and a microcontroller unit for fusing and correcting the position information acquired by the positioning unit and the attitude information acquired by the attitude sensing unit to obtain the corrected position, and determining whether the electricity meter has moved or tilted based on the corrected position information and attitude information, and generating an alarm signal. The positioning unit utilizes a GPS / BeiDou dual-mode receiver to process satellite signals in real time, outputting data such as latitude, longitude, altitude, and horizontal accuracy factor. The attitude sensing unit, based on microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology, detects linear acceleration using a triaxial accelerometer and angular velocity using a gyroscope, obtaining tilt angle and vibration amplitude through integration. The RFID tagging unit employs 13.56MHz high-frequency radio frequency identification technology, adhering to the ISO14443A protocol, and obtains the unique meter number stored within the tag through electromagnetic coupling. The data transmission unit packages the collected data and selects the optimal communication method based on the current network conditions to send it to a remote server. The microcontroller unit runs an embedded fusion algorithm to synchronize satellite positioning data, acceleration data, and angular velocity data, performing time synchronization and Kalman filtering to output the optimal estimated position. Simultaneously, it compares the real-time position with the reference position and the real-time attitude with the reference attitude, triggering an alarm when the deviation exceeds a threshold and persists for a certain period. Specifically, the cold start time of the positioning unit should be controlled within a reasonable range, the sampling frequency and range of the attitude sensing unit should be appropriately selected based on the vibration frequency and movement speed the meter may experience, and the reading distance of the RFID tagging unit should be kept within 10 centimeters to ensure accurate identification. This method enables sub-meter level precise positioning and real-time status monitoring of electricity meters, significantly improving positioning accuracy and maintenance efficiency.

[0023] In this embodiment, the attitude sensing unit may include a three-axis accelerometer and a gyroscope. The three-axis accelerometer is used to collect the vibration amplitude and acceleration parameters of the electricity meter, and the gyroscope is used to collect the tilt angle of the electricity meter. The three-axis accelerometer detects the linear acceleration in the X, Y, and Z directions, and obtains the velocity and displacement changes through integration. The gyroscope detects the angular velocity around the three axes, and obtains the attitude angle through integration. The accelerometer's range can be set to ±2g, the gyroscope's range to ±250° / s, and the sampling frequency to be no less than 20Hz, to capture both slow movement and rapid vibration of the electricity meter. This allows for simultaneous monitoring of the electricity meter's linear movement and rotational motion, comprehensively capturing any displacement and tilt of the meter.

[0024] In this embodiment, the data transmission unit may include a wireless transmission subunit, a wired transmission subunit, and a signal strength detection subunit. The wireless transmission subunit may be an NB-IoT module, and the wired transmission subunit may be a power line carrier module. The signal strength detection subunit detects the current network signal strength and automatically switches between the wireless and wired transmission subunits based on the detection results. The signal strength detection subunit evaluates the received signal strength indication of the NB-IoT network in real time. When the value is higher than a preset threshold, NB-IoT wireless transmission is used preferentially; when it is lower than the threshold, it automatically switches to the power line carrier module to transmit data using existing power lines. The power line carrier module employs orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technology to improve anti-interference capabilities. The switching process should be designed for seamless switching, so that the upper-layer protocol does not need to be aware of changes in the lower-layer layer. This ensures reliable communication via power line carrier even in environments without wireless signals, such as basements and shielded rooms, achieving uninterrupted communication.

[0025] In this embodiment, the microcontroller unit can also be connected to a data encryption unit and a real-time clock unit. The data encryption unit encrypts the information transmitted to the data transmission unit, and the real-time clock unit generates timestamps for the collected position and attitude information. The data encryption unit uses the AES-128 symmetric encryption algorithm to encrypt the packaged data; the real-time clock unit has a built-in temperature-compensated crystal oscillator to add millisecond-level timestamps to each data entry. This ensures the security and traceability of data transmission, prevents data theft or tampering, and provides an accurate time reference for subsequent trajectory playback and auditing. The encryption key is centrally managed by the backend and changed periodically; the real-time clock unit should be periodically calibrated using a network time protocol, with an annual error of less than 5 minutes.

[0026] In this embodiment, the microcontroller unit may have a built-in data fusion module for fusing position and attitude information using a Kalman filter algorithm. A state vector containing position, velocity, acceleration, and attitude angles is established. Satellite positioning results are used as observations, and the integral values ​​from the accelerometer and gyroscope are used as state predictions. The Kalman filter gain is dynamically adjusted using a recursive formula to output the optimal estimated position. This effectively suppresses random jumps and system drift during single-positioning. The initial covariance matrix of the Kalman filter needs to be reasonably set based on the actual measurement noise, and the filter's performance is stable after convergence.

[0027] In this embodiment, the microcontroller unit may have a built-in displacement judgment module and an attitude judgment module. The displacement judgment module is used to compare whether the difference between the real-time position collected by the positioning unit and the preset reference position exceeds a preset distance threshold. The attitude judgment module is used to compare the tilt angle collected by the attitude sensing unit with a preset angle threshold, and trigger a tilt alarm when the threshold is exceeded and the duration exceeds a preset time. The displacement judgment module calculates the Euclidean distance between the current position and the reference position. When the distance is greater than the preset threshold, a timer is started. If the duration exceeds the preset time, it is determined to be a valid displacement. The attitude judgment module calculates the difference between the current tilt angle and the reference angle. If the difference exceeds the threshold and continues for a certain period of time, it is determined to be a valid tilt. In this way, normal meter relocation for maintenance and illegal meter relocation for electricity theft can be accurately distinguished, and false alarms caused by satellite signal jumps or instantaneous vibrations can be eliminated. The preset distance threshold can be set to 0.5 meters, the preset angle threshold can be set to 5 degrees, and the preset time can be set to 5 minutes. These parameters can be flexibly adjusted according to the on-site environment.

[0028] After the device is powered on, the microcontroller initializes and loads the reference position and meter number information; the positioning unit and attitude sensing unit collect data at a set frequency (e.g., once every 10 minutes); the microcontroller performs Kalman filtering and fusion on the multi-source data to obtain the corrected accurate position; simultaneously, it compares the deviation between the current position and the reference position, as well as the deviation between the current attitude and the reference attitude. If the deviation exceeds a threshold and continues for more than a set time, an alarm signal is generated; all data is encrypted and uploaded to the terminal management platform through the data transmission unit; after receiving the data, the platform updates the meter status and displays the trajectory, and dispatches work orders if necessary. This invention, through the above structure, achieves sub-meter level accurate positioning and motion monitoring of the electricity meter, significantly improving operation and maintenance efficiency and anti-theft capabilities.

[0029] Compared with existing technologies, this precise positioning device for electricity meters has the following advantages: Positioning accuracy is greatly improved, optimizing the positioning error of the original technology from 5 to 10 meters to within 0.4 meters, achieving sub-meter level precision positioning; Maintenance efficiency is significantly improved, reducing the on-site search time for a single electricity meter from an average of 30 minutes to less than 5 minutes, increasing efficiency by more than 80%; Communication reliability is enhanced, employing NB-IoT wireless and power line carrier wired dual-mode communication with automatic switching, ensuring no data loss or delay even in areas with weak wireless signal coverage; Electricity theft prevention capabilities are stronger, with joint monitoring of location and attitude, increasing the detection rate of electricity theft by 60% and reducing annual economic losses by approximately 35%; Installation costs are lower, utilizing power line carrier communication eliminates the need for additional wiring, reducing the installation cost of a single device by approximately 85 yuan and overall maintenance costs by 40%; Simultaneously, features such as encrypted transmission, power-off recovery, and traceable trajectory meet power grid security requirements, further enhancing system security.

[0030] Example 2: Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, this embodiment provides a method for accurate positioning of an electricity meter based on the above-mentioned device, which includes the following steps: Step 1: Initialization, recording the meter number information and initial location information of the electricity meter; Step 2: Data acquisition, acquiring real-time location information through the positioning unit, acquiring attitude information through the attitude sensing unit, and verifying the meter number information through the RFID identification unit; Step 3: Fusion correction, fusing the acquired location information and attitude information to obtain corrected location information; Step 4: Alarm determination, judging whether the alarm conditions are met based on the deviation between the corrected location information and the initial location information, and generating an alarm signal if the conditions are met; Step 5: Transmission and reporting, uploading the corrected location information and alarm signal to the terminal management platform through the data transmission unit. Step one is typically completed during meter installation, where maintenance personnel write the meter's unique identifier and initial GPS coordinates into the device's memory. In step two, the sampling frequency can be set to once every 10 minutes, with the sampling rate temporarily increased in case of vibration or movement. Step three utilizes extended Kalman filtering, using satellite positioning results as observations and integral values ​​of acceleration and angular velocity as state predictions. Step four compares the current state with the baseline state. Step five employs a breakpoint resume mechanism to ensure no data loss. This achieves a complete closed-loop process from initialization, data acquisition, fusion correction, alarm judgment, to transmission and reporting, enabling continuous and accurate positioning and status monitoring of the electricity meter. The initial location information should be accurately recorded during the meter's initial installation, and the sampling frequency should be set in a balanced manner based on actual power consumption and accuracy requirements.

[0031] In this embodiment, the data fusion in step three above can employ a Kalman filter algorithm to fuse GPS / BeiDou positioning data with accelerometer and gyroscope data. This effectively suppresses random jumps and system drift in single positioning.

[0032] In this embodiment, the alarm conditions in step four above may include: the distance between the corrected position and the initial position is greater than a preset distance threshold and continues for more than a preset time; or the tilt angle is greater than a preset angle threshold and continues for more than a preset time; or the meter number verified by RFID is inconsistent with the initially entered meter number. These three conditions are judged independently, and an alarm is triggered if any one of them is met. The continuous judgment of distance and angle is used to filter out transient interference; RFID verification is performed in real time during each near-field contact. This multi-condition joint judgment greatly improves the accuracy of the alarm, enabling the capture of common meter movement, tilting, and meter number replacement behaviors during electricity theft, while avoiding false alarms caused by environmental interference. The thresholds and time parameters for the three conditions can be configured independently to adapt to different application scenarios.

[0033] In this embodiment, in step five above, the data transmission unit can use NB-IoT wireless transmission, and can automatically switch to power line carrier transmission when the signal strength is lower than a preset threshold. This ensures reliable communication via power line carrier even in environments without wireless signals, such as basements and shielded rooms.

[0034] In this invention, the initialization process of the precise positioning device for the electricity meter includes: entering the meter number and initial latitude and longitude information, and configuring the positioning acquisition frequency to once every ten minutes and the position deviation threshold to 0.5 meters. The positioning unit collects latitude and longitude, positioning accuracy value, and timestamp at a frequency of once every ten minutes, while the attitude sensing unit simultaneously collects tilt angle and vibration parameters. The microcontroller unit processes the collected data. When the wireless signal is good, the data transmission unit prioritizes NB-IoT wireless transmission and encrypts the transmitted data to ensure communication security. After the data is uploaded to the server, the microcontroller unit parses the data and corrects the positioning information using a preset fusion correction formula to obtain the corrected precise position. The corrected positioning error can be controlled within 0.4 meters. During the monitoring and alarm process, the microcontroller unit continuously compares the corrected position information and attitude data. When the position deviation exceeds the preset threshold and lasts for more than five minutes (e.g., due to unauthorized meter relocation), an alarm signal is generated and uploaded to the terminal management platform. After receiving the alarm signal, the terminal management platform marks the status of the electricity meter on the interface, reminds staff to dispatch a work order, forming a closed-loop operation and maintenance system, and also supports historical trajectory queries. In addition, the terminal continuously collects data, and the server performs regular backups to ensure data security.

[0035] The method of this invention realizes a closed-loop process from initialization, data acquisition, fusion correction, alarm judgment to transmission and reporting. It can continuously and accurately locate and monitor the status of electricity meters, and immediately notify management personnel when an anomaly occurs, which greatly improves the power company's operation and maintenance management level of electricity meters and its anti-electricity theft capabilities.

[0036] It should be noted that in this invention, the "terminal management platform" refers to a backend management system deployed in the power company's operation and maintenance center or the cloud. It can take the form of a server, workstation, or cloud platform, and is used to receive and process the location information, attitude information, verification results, and alarm signals uploaded by the data transmission unit. The "Kalman filter algorithm" is an algorithm that uses the state equation of a linear system to optimally estimate the system state through system input and output observation data; in this embodiment, discrete Kalman filtering is used, and the state variables include position, velocity, acceleration, and attitude angle. "NB-IoT" refers to Narrowband Internet of Things, a low-power wide-area network technology based on cellular networks. It features wide coverage, multiple connections, low data rate, low cost, and low power consumption, making it suitable for scenarios with low data volume and long standby time, such as electricity meters. The "power line carrier module" refers to a device that uses existing power lines as a communication medium to transmit data through modulation and demodulation technology; in this embodiment, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing technology is used to improve anti-interference capabilities. The "preset distance threshold" is a configurable value used to determine whether the meter has undergone significant displacement; in practical applications, it can be set between 0.3 meters and 1 meter depending on the meter's installation environment (e.g., indoor or outdoor). The "preset angle threshold" is the angle value used to determine whether the meter has tilted significantly, typically set to 5 to 10 degrees to avoid false alarms caused by slight vibrations or temperature drift. The "data encryption unit" uses the AES-128 symmetric encryption algorithm, with keys centrally managed by the backend to ensure that transmitted data is not stolen or tampered with. The "real-time clock unit" has a built-in temperature-compensated crystal oscillator with an annual error of less than 5 minutes and can be periodically calibrated via a network time protocol. The sampling frequency and range of the "three-axis accelerometer" and "gyroscope" should be reasonably selected based on the vibration frequency and movement speed that the meter may be subjected to. In this embodiment, it is recommended that the sampling frequency be no less than 20Hz and the range no less than ±2g. The device's operating temperature range is -40℃ to +85℃, meeting the environmental requirements of outdoor meter boxes.

[0037] The above technical features constitute the embodiments of the present invention, which have strong adaptability and implementation effect. Unnecessary technical features can be added or removed according to actual needs to meet the needs of different situations.

Claims

1. A precise positioning device for an electricity meter, characterized in that, include: The positioning unit is used to collect the latitude and longitude coordinates of the electricity meter and the positioning accuracy value. The attitude sensing unit is used to collect the tilt angle, vibration amplitude and acceleration parameters of the electricity meter; The RFID tagging unit is used to read the electronic tags built into or pasted on the electricity meter and verify whether the meter number information of the current electricity meter is consistent with the preset meter number. The data transmission unit is used to upload the position information, attitude information, verification results and alarm signals processed by the microcontroller to the terminal management platform. The microcontroller unit is used to fuse and correct the position information collected by the positioning unit and the attitude information collected by the attitude sensing unit to obtain the corrected position, and to determine whether the energy meter has moved or tilted based on the corrected position and attitude information, and generate an alarm signal.

2. The precise positioning device for an electricity meter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The attitude sensing unit includes a three-axis accelerometer and a gyroscope; the three-axis accelerometer is used to collect the vibration amplitude and acceleration parameters of the electricity meter, and the gyroscope is used to collect the tilt angle of the electricity meter.

3. The precise positioning device for an electricity meter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data transmission unit includes a wireless transmission subunit, a wired transmission subunit, and a signal strength detection subunit; The wireless transmission subunit is an NB-IoT module, and the wired transmission subunit is a power line carrier module; the signal strength detection subunit is used to detect the current network signal strength and automatically switch between the wireless transmission subunit and the wired transmission subunit based on the detection result.

4. The precise positioning device for an electricity meter according to claim 1, 2, or 3, characterized in that, The microcontroller unit is also connected to a data encryption unit and a real-time clock unit; the data encryption unit is used to encrypt the information transmitted to the data transmission unit, and the real-time clock unit is used to generate timestamps for the collected position and attitude information.

5. The precise positioning device for an electricity meter according to claim 1, 2, or 3, characterized in that, The microcontroller unit has a built-in data fusion module, which uses a Kalman filter algorithm to fuse position and attitude information.

6. The precise positioning device for an electricity meter according to claim 1, 2, or 3, characterized in that, The microcontroller unit has a built-in displacement judgment module and an attitude judgment module; the displacement judgment module is used to compare whether the difference between the real-time position collected by the positioning unit and the preset reference position exceeds a preset distance threshold. The attitude judgment module compares the tilt angle collected by the attitude sensing unit with a preset angle threshold, and triggers a tilt alarm when the threshold is exceeded and the duration exceeds a preset time.

7. A method for accurately locating an electricity meter based on the device described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Initialization, enter the meter number and initial position information of the electricity meter; Step 2: Data collection. Real-time location information is collected through the positioning unit, attitude information is collected through the attitude sensing unit, and the meter number information is verified through the RFID tagging unit. Step 3: Fusion and correction. The collected position and attitude information are fused to obtain the corrected position information. Step 4: Determine if an alarm is triggered. Based on the deviation between the corrected position information and the initial position information, determine if the alarm conditions are met. If they are met, generate an alarm signal. Step 5: Transmit and report. Upload the corrected location information and alarm signals to the terminal management platform through the data transmission unit.

8. The method for precise positioning of an electricity meter according to claim 7, characterized in that, The data fusion in step three uses the Kalman filter algorithm to fuse GPS / BeiDou positioning data with accelerometer and gyroscope data.

9. The method for precise positioning of an electricity meter according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that, The alarm conditions in step four include: the distance between the corrected position and the initial position is greater than a preset distance threshold and continues for more than a preset time; or the tilt angle is greater than a preset angle threshold and continues for more than a preset time; or the RFID verification form number is inconsistent with the initially entered form number.

10. The method for precise positioning of an electricity meter according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that, In step five, the data transmission unit uses NB-IoT wireless transmission and automatically switches to power line carrier transmission when the signal strength is lower than a preset threshold.

Images