A communication method and corresponding apparatus

Abstract

A communication method, applied to a MIMO-ISAC system, allows a first signal transmitter to send a modulated first signal via N subcarriers from N ports. The first matrix associated with this modulated first signal comprises N*N elements. The first element of each of the N*N elements is modulated using a first constellation diagram, and the second element is modulated using a second constellation diagram. The first and second elements are adjacent in the same row or column. The second constellation diagram differs from the first constellation diagram. This method reduces the probability of ill-conditioned first matrix X, ensuring the communication quality of the first signal is not affected, while still allowing the echo signal of the first signal to be used for sensing, thus improving resource utilization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of communication technology, specifically to a communication method and corresponding device. Background Technology

[0002] Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) is widely considered a key application scenario for next-generation wireless communication. Specifically, the wireless signals transmitted by the transmitter simultaneously possess sensing and communication capabilities. Communication involves sending data to the receiver. Sensing utilizes echo signals to perceive the surrounding environment, the speed of moving objects, distance, and so on.

[0003] The desired effects of communication and sensing are often contradictory. For example, communication typically pursues high transmission efficiency, which can be understood as maximizing spectral efficiency; while sensing usually prioritizes the detection accuracy of the target and often does not consider spectral efficiency. Therefore, using communication for sensing may compromise communication quality if better sensing results are desired.

[0004] Therefore, how to utilize the communication process for perception has become an urgent technical problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a communication method for sensing using communication data without affecting communication quality. This application also provides corresponding apparatus, computer-readable storage media, and computer program products.

[0006] The first aspect of this application provides a communication method applied to a first communication device in a multi-input multi-output integrated sensing and communication (MIMO-ISAC) system. The first communication device can be a network device or a terminal device, and the network device can include access network equipment or core network equipment. The first communication device can be a component (e.g., a processor, circuit, chip, or chip system) responsible for communication and / or sensing functions within the network device or terminal device, or it can be a logic module or software capable of implementing all or part of the functions of the first communication device. Wherein, if the component responsible for communication and / or sensing functions is a chip, the chip can be a modem chip, also known as a baseband chip, or a system-on-a-chip (SoC) chip containing a modem core, or a system-in-package (SIP) chip. The method includes: receiving a second signal; wherein the second signal is an echo signal of a first signal sent by a second communication device, the second signal indicating a second matrix Y, the second matrix Y including N*1 elements; acquiring first data; wherein the first data indicates a first matrix X associated with the first signal, the first matrix X including N*N elements, the first element in the first matrix X is obtained by modulation using a first constellation diagram, the second element is obtained by modulation using a second constellation diagram; the first element and the second element are adjacent in the same row or in the same column, the second constellation diagram is different from the first constellation diagram, and N is an integer greater than 1; and obtaining the inverse matrix X based on the first matrix X. -1 The perception result is determined by the second matrix Y.

[0007] In this application, the first signal can be used for both communication and sensing; that is, this application realizes the transmission of a first signal for both communication and sensing purposes. Therefore, the communication system of this application includes a transmitter of the first signal, a communication receiver of the first signal (i.e., a device that acquires the first signal and communicates with the transmitter of the first signal), and a receiver of the echo signal of the first signal, i.e., a receiver of the second signal. The receiver of the second signal can be referred to as a first communication device, the transmitter of the first signal can be referred to as a second communication device, and the communication receiver of the first signal can be referred to as a third communication device (i.e., acquiring the first signal and communicating with the second communication device). If the first communication device and the second communication device are the same communication device, then the first communication device is both the transmitter of the first signal and the receiver of the second signal.

[0008] In this scenario, the first communication device and the second communication device can be the same device or different devices. When the first communication device and the second communication device are the same device, the sensing scenario can be a mono-static sensing scenario, which can also be called a transceiver integrated sensing scenario. When the first communication device and the second communication device are different devices, the sensing scenario can be a bi-static sensing scenario, which can also be called a transceiver separated sensing scenario.

[0009] In this application, the first matrix X refers to the matrix associated with the modulated first signal, that is, the matrix corresponding to the data (i.e., the first data) in the first signal. Obtaining the first element in the first matrix X by modulation using the first constellation diagram means mapping the unmodulated first element to a constellation point in the first constellation diagram. Similarly, obtaining the second element by modulation using the second constellation diagram means mapping the unmodulated second element to a constellation point in the second constellation diagram. The data corresponding to the N*N elements in the first matrix X are carried on the first signal and can be transmitted via the N ports and N subcarriers of the second communication device.

[0010] In this application, the first element in the first matrix X refers to the element obtained by modulation using the first constellation diagram. If one element in the first matrix X is obtained by modulation using the first constellation diagram, then that element is called the first element. If multiple elements in the first matrix X are obtained by modulation using the first constellation diagram, then all of those elements are called the first elements. In other words, the first element refers to a class of elements that satisfy the corresponding conditions. Similarly, the second element in the first matrix X refers to the element obtained by modulation using the second constellation diagram. If one element in the first matrix X is obtained by modulation using the second constellation diagram, then that element is called the second element. If multiple elements in the first matrix X are obtained by modulation using the second constellation diagram, then all of those elements are called the second elements. In other words, the second element refers to another class of elements that satisfy the corresponding conditions.

[0011] In this application, if it is a sensing scenario with integrated transceiver, the first communication device is a device that performs sensing functions and is also the transmitter of the first signal. Therefore, the first communication device can directly obtain the data carried by the first signal (e.g., the first data) and thus obtain the first matrix X associated with the first signal. If it is a sensing scenario with separate transceiver, the first communication device is a device that performs sensing functions. The first communication device can use the demodulation principle of communication to demodulate the received echo signal (i.e., the second signal), recover the original signal, and then modulate the original signal to obtain the first signal, thereby obtaining the data carried by the first signal (e.g., the first data) and thus obtaining the matrix X associated with the first signal.

[0012] The first and second constellation diagrams can be constellation diagrams of quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) or constellation diagrams of quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) of various modulation orders.

[0013] The first and second constellation charts can be of the same type, such as both being QPSK charts, both being 16-QAM charts, or both being 64-QAM charts, etc. The second constellation chart can be obtained by enlarging or reducing the first constellation chart. The second and first constellation charts can be of different types, such as the first constellation chart being a QPSK chart and the second constellation chart being a 16-QAM chart, or the first constellation chart being a 16-QAM chart and the second constellation chart being a 64-QAM chart, etc.

[0014] It should be noted that the N*N elements in the first matrix can be obtained by modulating N*N / 2 elements using the first constellation diagram and another N*N / 2 elements using the second constellation diagram; or the N*N elements can be obtained by modulating more constellation diagrams. It is not limited to using only the first and second constellation diagrams. When using more constellation diagrams, these constellation diagrams can be obtained by enlarging or reducing a basic constellation diagram (standard constellation diagram) by different proportions.

[0015] In this application, since the second matrix Y indicating the echo signal is equal to the product of the first matrix X and the sensing result corresponding to the echo signal, the second matrix Y and the inverse matrix X of the first matrix X are used to determine the signal. -1 The perception result can be determined.

[0016] In mathematics, if a matrix A is not a singular matrix (i.e., matrix A is non-singular), it usually has an inverse matrix A. -1 However, matrix A may be ill-conditioned, meaning it could be a non-observable matrix. If matrix A is ill-conditioned, it is sensitive to small perturbations during numerical solutions, even if the inverse matrix A can be obtained. -1 This can also lead to unstable solutions. Therefore, in communication or sensing processes, it is important to minimize the probability of ill-conditioned matrices.

[0017] A singular matrix is ​​a square matrix with a zero determinant; it is non-invertible, and its corresponding system of linear equations has no solution or infinitely many solutions. A non-singular matrix is ​​a square matrix with a non-zero determinant; it has an inverse matrix, and its corresponding system of linear equations has a unique solution. Non-singular matrices are also called invertible matrices.

[0018] Ill-conditioned matrices are a subset of invertible matrices; that is, all ill-conditioned matrices are invertible matrices, but not all invertible matrices are ill-conditioned matrices.

[0019] An ill-conditioned matrix is ​​an invertible matrix with an extremely large condition number. It is sensitive to small perturbations during numerical solution processing, leading to unstable solutions. The condition number of a matrix is ​​defined as the ratio of its largest singular value to its smallest singular value, or the product of the norm of the matrix and the norm of its inverse matrix, i.e., cond(A) = ||A||·||A||. -1 The larger the condition number, the more uneven the distribution of singular values ​​in the matrix, and the closer the matrix is ​​to a singular state. Therefore, it is more susceptible to small errors in numerical calculations, leading to significant changes in the results. The condition number is a measure of whether a matrix is ​​ill-conditioned; a larger condition number indicates a more ill-conditioned matrix.

[0020] Based on this, in the communication method provided in the first aspect above, the second communication device uses a first matrix X associated with a first signal modulated by a first constellation diagram and a second constellation diagram to transmit a first signal. The first communication device can also receive the echo signal (second signal) of the first signal. The first communication device can transmit a second signal based on a second matrix Y indicated by the second signal and an inverse matrix X of the first matrix X associated with the first signal. -1 The sensing results are determined, thereby enabling sensing through the communication process. Because the elements in the first matrix X are modulated using a first constellation diagram and a second constellation diagram (the second constellation diagram differs from the first), compared to using only one constellation diagram for signal modulation, the probability of ill-conditioned first matrix X is reduced (through multiple simulations, the probability of ill-conditioned first matrix X obtained using the method described in this application is almost zero). Thus, the communication quality of the first signal is not affected, and the echo signal of the first signal can be used for sensing, improving resource utilization.

[0021] In one possible implementation, if the first communication device and the second communication device are the same communication device, the acquisition of the first data includes: acquiring the first data based on the original matrix X′, wherein the original matrix X′ includes N*N elements.

[0022] In this application, for a sensing scenario integrating transceiver, the first communication device can obtain the first data while modulating the original signal to obtain the first signal. The first matrix X is the original matrix X′ mapped using the first constellation diagram and the second constellation diagram.

[0023] In this possible implementation, in a sensing scenario where the transceiver is integrated, a first matrix X is obtained during the process of obtaining the first signal. The first matrix X has high accuracy, which can improve the accuracy of the sensing results.

[0024] In one possible implementation, if the first communication device and the second communication device are not the same communication device, acquiring the first data includes: acquiring the first data based on the second signal.

[0025] In this application, the process of obtaining the first matrix X based on the second signal can be as follows: demodulate the second matrix Y based on the communication principle to obtain the demodulated original matrix X′, and then use the first constellation diagram and the second constellation diagram to map the original matrix X′ to obtain the first matrix X.

[0026] The method further includes: receiving a third signal, the third signal being a signal that the first signal has been transmitted to the first communication device; correspondingly, acquiring the first data includes: acquiring the first data based on the third signal.

[0027] In this application, the first signal broadcast by the second communication device may also be received by the first communication device. When the first signal is transmitted to the first communication device, it is attenuated to a certain extent (e.g., due to channel reasons). Therefore, the first signal that is transmitted to the first communication device and is actually received by the first communication device is called the third signal.

[0028] In this application, if the first communication device receives a third signal, the first communication device can acquire first data based on the third signal. The process of obtaining the first matrix X based on the third signal can be, for example, determining matrix Z based on the second data carried by the third signal, where Z can be understood as the representation of the second data; subsequently, X is obtained based on Z = XC. Here, C represents the channel matrix corresponding to the third signal (i.e., the channel through which the first signal emitted by the second communication device reaches the first communication device without reflection, or in other words, the conventional communication channel between the second and first communication devices). This application does not limit the method for obtaining C; it can be by instruction, prior agreement, or measurement, etc.

[0029] In this possible implementation, the third signal is the first signal transmitted to the first communication device without reflection, which can improve the accuracy of the first matrix X, thereby improving the accuracy of the sensing results.

[0030] In one possible implementation, it is based on the inverse matrix X of the first matrix. -1 The perception result is determined by the second matrix Y, including: the inverse matrix X based on the first matrix. -1 The second matrix Y determines the third matrix H, which contains N*1 elements, representing the perception results.

[0031] In one possible implementation, the first matrix X, the second matrix Y, and the third matrix H satisfy:

[0032]

[0033] Among them, the first matrix Second matrix Third matrix k represents the k-th subcarrier, x n (k) represents the element on the k-th subcarrier corresponding to the n-th port, where n = 1, 2, ..., N, and k is an integer greater than or equal to 0.

[0034] In this application, k can represent the index or number of the subcarrier. If the index or number of the subcarrier starts from 0, then k can be an integer starting from 0. If the index or number of the subcarrier starts from 1, then k can be an integer starting from 1.

[0035] In this possible implementation, the perception results can be obtained through matrix calculation, which can improve the accuracy of the perception results.

[0036] In one possible implementation, the phase of the constellation points on the second constellation chart is the same as the phase of the corresponding constellation points on the first constellation chart, but the amplitudes are different.

[0037] In this possible implementation, the second constellation diagram can be obtained by enlarging or reducing the first constellation diagram. The enlargement or reduction ratio can be uniformly represented by a scaling factor P, where P can be any positive number not equal to 1. For example, the range of values ​​for P can be... The value of P is not equal to 1, or the value of P in [1 / 2, 3 / 2] is not equal to 1. Of course, P can also take other values ​​that are not equal to 1. This application does not limit the value of P.

[0038] In this possible implementation, the second constellation diagram is obtained by enlarging or shrinking the first constellation diagram, which can both reduce the probability of the first matrix being ill-conditioned and increase the speed of determining the second constellation diagram.

[0039] In one possible implementation, the first element and the second element are alternately distributed in the rows of the first matrix X, and also alternately distributed in the columns of the first matrix X.

[0040] In this application, alternating distribution means that elements adjacent to the first element in the same row and column are all second elements, and elements adjacent to the second element in the same row and column are all first elements. This can be understood as elements in the same row being obtained by alternating mapping using the first constellation diagram and the second constellation diagram, and elements in the same column also being obtained by alternating mapping using the first constellation diagram and the second constellation diagram.

[0041] In this possible implementation, the elements in the same row and column of the first matrix are alternately mapped using the first constellation diagram and the second constellation diagram, which can reduce the probability of the first matrix X being ill-conditioned, thereby improving the accuracy of the perception results.

[0042] In one possible implementation, the method further includes: determining, based on the mapping relationship, that the first element in the first matrix X is obtained by modulation using a first constellation diagram, and the second element in the first matrix X is obtained by modulation using a second constellation diagram; wherein, in the mapping relationship, the k-th subcarrier of the n-th port corresponds to the first constellation diagram, and the (k+1)-th subcarrier corresponds to the second constellation diagram; in the mapping relationship, the k-th subcarrier of the (n+1)-th port corresponds to the second constellation diagram, and the (k+1)-th subcarrier corresponds to the first constellation diagram, where k is an integer greater than or equal to 0, and n = 1, 2, ..., N.

[0043] In this possible implementation, the constellation diagram used for modulation of the first signal before modulation on each port and each subcarrier can be quickly determined through the above mapping relationship, which can improve the modulation speed and modulation accuracy.

[0044] In one possible implementation, N=2, and the above mapping relationship can be represented in a table as follows:

[0045]

[0046] In one possible implementation, N=3, and the above mapping relationship can be represented by a table as follows:

[0047]

[0048] In one possible implementation, N=4, and the above mapping relationship can be represented by a table as follows:

[0049]

[0050] It should be noted that the above three tables illustrate the mapping relationship when N=2, 3, and 4. In fact, N can also take values ​​greater than 4. For the tables when N is greater than 4, please refer to the three tables above for understanding. They will not be listed here one by one.

[0051] Among the various possible implementations mentioned above, the constellation diagrams of the first signal before modulation for each port and each subcarrier are presented in tabular form for different numbers of ports and subcarriers, which can improve modulation speed and modulation accuracy.

[0052] In one possible implementation, the N*N elements also include a third element, which is obtained by modulating a third constellation diagram, which is different from the first and second constellation diagrams.

[0053] In this application, the third element in the first matrix X refers to the element obtained by modulation using the third constellation diagram. If an element in the first matrix X is obtained by modulation using the third constellation diagram, then that element is called the third element. If multiple elements in the first matrix X are obtained by modulation using the third constellation diagram, then all multiple elements are called the third element.

[0054] In this possible implementation, using more different constellation diagrams for modulation can reduce the probability of ill-conditioned matrices and improve perception accuracy.

[0055] In one possible implementation, the modulation order of the second constellation diagram is different from that of the first constellation diagram.

[0056] In this application, the modulation order refers to the modulation order of various possible modulation methods that use constellation diagrams for modulation, such as QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM, 128-QAM, 256-QAM, 512-QAM, and 1024-QAM.

[0057] In this possible implementation, by modulating the original signal with the first constellation diagram and the second constellation diagram corresponding to different modulation orders, the probability of the first matrix X being an ill-conditioned matrix can be reduced, thereby improving the perception accuracy.

[0058] In one possible implementation, the second constellation diagram and the first constellation diagram can be obtained by scaling down or scaling up constellation diagrams corresponding to different modulation orders.

[0059] In one possible implementation, the first constellation diagram is determined by the second communication device based on the channel quality indication reported by the third communication device, which is the communication receiver of the first signal.

[0060] In this possible implementation, the third communication device can perform channel measurements using a channel state information reference signal (CQI) to determine the channel quality indicator (CQI) for communication with the second communication device. The third communication device then reports the CQI to the second communication device, which can then determine the modulation order using the CQI and a CQI table, thereby determining the first constellation diagram. This improves the accuracy of the first constellation diagram selection.

[0061] In one possible implementation, the communication spectral efficiency corresponding to the second constellation diagram is within a first threshold range as the communication spectral efficiency of the first constellation diagram, and the communication spectral efficiency is related to the modulation order.

[0062] In this application, the communication spectrum efficiency = modulation order * code rate.

[0063] In this possible implementation, the second communication device can select a modulation order different from the modulation order indicated by the CQI from the CQItable to determine the second constellation diagram, or select a modulation order with a communication spectrum efficiency close to that of the modulation order indicated by the CQI to determine the second constellation diagram. In this way, the communication spectrum utilization can be improved.

[0064] In one possible implementation, when the first communication device and the second communication device are different communication devices, the method further includes: receiving first indication information, the first indication information being used to indicate the first constellation diagram and the second constellation diagram.

[0065] In this possible implementation, the first indication information may include multiple bits, with some bits indicating the first constellation diagram and others indicating the second constellation diagram. Alternatively, the first indication information may consist of two CQIs, one indicating the modulation order corresponding to the first constellation diagram and the other to the second constellation diagram. This improves the demodulation accuracy of the first communication device when demodulating echo data.

[0066] A second aspect of this application provides a communication method applied to a second communication device in a MIMO-ISAC system. The second communication device can be a network device or a terminal device, and the network device may include an access network device or a core network device. The second communication device can be a component (e.g., a processor, circuit, chip, or chip system) responsible for communication and / or sensing functions within the network device or terminal device, or it can be a logic module or software capable of implementing all or part of the functions of the second communication device. Wherein, if the component responsible for communication and / or sensing functions is a chip, the chip can be a modem chip, also known as a baseband chip, or a SoC chip or SIP chip containing a modem core. The method includes: acquiring first data; wherein the first data indicates a first matrix X, the first matrix X including N*N elements, the first element in the first matrix X being modulated using a first constellation diagram, and the second element being modulated using a second constellation diagram; the first element and the second element are adjacent in the same row or in the same column, the second constellation diagram is different from the first constellation diagram, and N is an integer greater than 1; transmitting a first signal; wherein the first signal carries the first data.

[0067] The relevant content in the second aspect can be understood by referring to the corresponding content in the first aspect.

[0068] In the second aspect described above, the second communication device uses a first matrix X associated with a first signal modulated from a first constellation diagram and a second constellation diagram to transmit a first signal. A third communication device can receive this first signal, and the second communication device can also receive the echo signal (second signal) of the first signal. Furthermore, the first communication device can transmit a second signal based on a second matrix Y indicated by the second signal and an inverse matrix X of the first matrix X associated with the first signal. -1 The sensing results are determined, thereby enabling sensing through the communication process. Because the elements in the first matrix X are modulated using a first constellation diagram and a second constellation diagram (the second constellation diagram differs from the first), compared to using only one constellation diagram for signal modulation, the probability of ill-conditioned first matrix X is reduced (through multiple simulations, the probability of ill-conditioned first matrix X obtained using the method described in this application is almost zero). Thus, the communication quality of the first signal is not affected, and the echo signal of the first signal can be used for sensing, improving resource utilization.

[0069] In one possible implementation, the phase of the constellation points on the second constellation chart is the same as the phase of the corresponding constellation points on the first constellation chart, but the amplitudes are different.

[0070] In one possible implementation, the first element and the second element are alternately distributed in the rows of the first matrix X, and also alternately distributed in the columns of the first matrix X.

[0071] In one possible implementation, the method further includes: determining, based on the mapping relationship, that the first element in the first matrix X is obtained by modulation using a first constellation diagram, and the second element in the first matrix X is obtained by modulation using a second constellation diagram; wherein, in the mapping relationship, the k-th subcarrier of the n-th port corresponds to the first constellation diagram, and the (k+1)-th subcarrier corresponds to the second constellation diagram; in the mapping relationship, the k-th subcarrier of the (n+1)-th port corresponds to the second constellation diagram, and the (k+1)-th subcarrier corresponds to the first constellation diagram, where k is an integer greater than or equal to 0, and n = 1, 2, ..., N.

[0072] In one possible implementation, the N*N elements also include a third element, which is obtained by modulating a third constellation diagram, which is different from the first and second constellation diagrams.

[0073] In one possible implementation, the modulation order of the second constellation diagram is different from that of the first constellation diagram.

[0074] In one possible implementation, the method further includes: receiving a channel quality indication from a third communication device; determining a first constellation diagram based on the channel quality indication, wherein the third communication device is a communication receiver of the first signal.

[0075] In one possible implementation, the method further includes: determining a second constellation diagram, wherein the communication spectral efficiency corresponding to the second constellation diagram is within a first threshold range from the communication spectral efficiency of the first constellation diagram, and the communication spectral efficiency is related to the modulation order.

[0076] In one possible implementation, when the first communication device and the second communication device are different communication devices, the method further includes: sending first indication information to the first communication device, the first indication information being used to indicate the first constellation diagram and the second constellation diagram.

[0077] In one possible implementation, the method further includes: sending second indication information to a third communication device, the second indication information being used to indicate a second constellation diagram.

[0078] In one possible implementation, obtaining the first data includes: modulating N data streams to obtain the first data; wherein, the N data streams correspond one-to-one with N modulation orders, and the constellation diagrams corresponding to the N modulation orders include a first constellation diagram and a second constellation diagram.

[0079] In this possible implementation, using constellation diagrams with different modulation orders to modulate different data streams can reduce the probability that the first matrix is ​​ill-conditioned, thereby improving communication and sensing performance.

[0080] A third aspect of this application provides a communication device, comprising: a transceiver unit and a processing unit; wherein,

[0081] A transceiver unit is used to receive a second signal; wherein the second signal is the echo signal of the first signal sent by the second communication device, and the second signal indicates a second matrix Y, which includes N*1 elements;

[0082] A processing unit is used to acquire first data; wherein the first data indicates a first matrix X associated with a first signal, the first matrix X includes N*N elements, the first element in the first matrix X is obtained by modulation using a first constellation diagram, and the second element is obtained by modulation using a second constellation diagram; the first element and the second element are adjacent in the same row or adjacent in the same column, the second constellation diagram is different from the first constellation diagram, and N is an integer greater than 1;

[0083] The processing unit is also used for the inverse matrix X based on the first matrix X. -1 The perception result is determined by the second matrix Y.

[0084] In one possible implementation, the processing unit is configured to acquire first data based on the original matrix X′ if the first communication device and the second communication device are the same communication device, wherein the original matrix X′ includes N*N elements.

[0085] In one possible implementation, the processing unit is used to acquire first data based on the second signal.

[0086] In one possible implementation, the transceiver unit is further configured to receive a third signal, which is a signal that the first signal has been transmitted to the first communication device.

[0087] The processing unit is also used to acquire first data based on the third signal.

[0088] In one possible implementation, the processing unit is used to process the inverse matrix X of the first matrix. -1 The second matrix Y determines the third matrix H, which contains N*1 elements, representing the perception results.

[0089] In one possible implementation, the first matrix X, the second matrix Y, and the third matrix H satisfy:

[0090]

[0091] Among them, the first matrix Second matrix Third matrix k represents the k-th subcarrier, x n (k) represents the element on the k-th subcarrier corresponding to the n-th port, where n = 1, 2, ..., N, and k is an integer greater than or equal to 0.

[0092] In one possible implementation, the phase of the constellation points on the second constellation chart is the same as the phase of the corresponding constellation points on the first constellation chart, but the amplitudes are different.

[0093] In one possible implementation, the first element and the second element are alternately distributed in the rows of the first matrix X, and also alternately distributed in the columns of the first matrix X.

[0094] In one possible implementation, the processing unit is further configured to determine, based on the mapping relationship, that the first element in the first matrix X is obtained by modulation using the first constellation diagram, and the second element in the first matrix X is obtained by modulation using the second constellation diagram; wherein, in the mapping relationship, the k-th subcarrier of the n-th port corresponds to the first constellation diagram, and the (k+1)-th subcarrier corresponds to the second constellation diagram; in the mapping relationship, the k-th subcarrier of the (n+1)-th port corresponds to the second constellation diagram, and the (k+1)-th subcarrier corresponds to the first constellation diagram, where k is an integer greater than or equal to 0, and n = 1, 2, ..., N.

[0095] In one possible implementation, the N*N elements also include a third element, which is obtained by modulating a third constellation diagram, which is different from the first and second constellation diagrams.

[0096] In one possible implementation, the modulation order of the second constellation diagram is different from that of the first constellation diagram.

[0097] In one possible implementation, the second constellation diagram and the first constellation diagram can be obtained by scaling down or scaling up constellation diagrams corresponding to different modulation orders.

[0098] In one possible implementation, the first constellation diagram is determined by the second communication device based on the channel quality indication reported by the third communication device, which is the communication receiver of the first signal.

[0099] In one possible implementation, the communication spectral efficiency corresponding to the second constellation diagram is within a first threshold range as the communication spectral efficiency of the first constellation diagram, and the communication spectral efficiency is related to the modulation order.

[0100] In one possible implementation, the transceiver unit is further configured to receive first indication information when the first communication device and the second communication device are different communication devices. The first indication information is used to indicate the first constellation diagram and the second constellation diagram.

[0101] A fourth aspect of this application provides a communication device, comprising: a transceiver unit and a processing unit; wherein,

[0102] A processing unit is used to acquire first data; wherein the first data indicates a first matrix X, the first matrix X includes N*N elements, the first element in the first matrix X is obtained by modulation using a first constellation diagram, and the second element is obtained by modulation using a second constellation diagram; the first element and the second element are adjacent in the same row or adjacent in the same column, the second constellation diagram is different from the first constellation diagram, and N is an integer greater than 1;

[0103] The transceiver unit is used to transmit a first signal; wherein the first signal carries first data.

[0104] In one possible implementation, the phase of the constellation points on the second constellation chart is the same as the phase of the corresponding constellation points on the first constellation chart, but the amplitudes are different.

[0105] In one possible implementation, the first element and the second element are alternately distributed in the rows of the first matrix X, and also alternately distributed in the columns of the first matrix X.

[0106] In one possible implementation, the processing unit is further configured to determine, based on the mapping relationship, that the first element in the first matrix X is obtained by modulation using the first constellation diagram, and the second element in the first matrix X is obtained by modulation using the second constellation diagram; wherein, in the mapping relationship, the k-th subcarrier of the n-th port corresponds to the first constellation diagram, and the (k+1)-th subcarrier corresponds to the second constellation diagram; in the mapping relationship, the k-th subcarrier of the (n+1)-th port corresponds to the second constellation diagram, and the (k+1)-th subcarrier corresponds to the first constellation diagram, where k is an integer greater than or equal to 0, and n = 1, 2, ..., N.

[0107] In one possible implementation, the N*N elements also include a third element, which is obtained by modulating a third constellation diagram, which is different from the first and second constellation diagrams.

[0108] In one possible implementation, the modulation order of the second constellation diagram is different from that of the first constellation diagram.

[0109] In one possible implementation, the transceiver unit is further configured to receive a channel quality indication from a third communication device, which is the communication receiver of the first signal.

[0110] The processing unit is also used to determine the first constellation diagram based on the channel quality indication.

[0111] In one possible implementation, the processing unit is further configured to determine a second constellation diagram, wherein the communication spectral efficiency corresponding to the second constellation diagram is within a first threshold range as the communication spectral efficiency of the first constellation diagram, and the communication spectral efficiency is related to the modulation order.

[0112] In one possible implementation, the transceiver unit is further configured to send first indication information to the first communication device when the first communication device and the second communication device are different communication devices. The first indication information is used to indicate the first constellation diagram and the second constellation diagram.

[0113] In one possible implementation, the transceiver unit is further configured to send second indication information to a third communication device, the second indication information being used to indicate a second constellation diagram.

[0114] In one possible implementation, a processing unit is used to modulate N data streams to obtain first data; wherein, the N data streams correspond one-to-one with N modulation orders, and the constellation diagrams corresponding to the N modulation orders include a first constellation diagram and a second constellation diagram.

[0115] A fifth aspect of this application provides a communication device comprising one or more processors. The processor is configured to invoke and execute a computer program stored in a memory, such that the processor implements an implementation as described in the first aspect or any of the implementations in the first aspect.

[0116] Optionally, the communication device also includes a transceiver; the processor is also used to control the transceiver to send and receive signals.

[0117] Optionally, the communication device includes a memory in which a computer program is stored.

[0118] Optionally, the communication device further includes a communication interface for communicating with modules outside the communication device.

[0119] The communication device described in the fifth aspect above can be a device or a chip (system) within a device. In some possible designs, when the communication device is a chip system, it can be composed of chips or may include chips and other discrete components.

[0120] A sixth aspect of this application provides a communication device comprising one or more processors. The processor is configured to invoke and execute a computer program stored in a memory, such that the processor implements as described in the second aspect or any of the implementations in the second aspect.

[0121] Optionally, the communication device also includes a transceiver; the processor is also used to control the transceiver to send and receive signals.

[0122] Optionally, the communication device includes a memory in which a computer program is stored.

[0123] Optionally, the communication device further includes a communication interface for communicating with modules outside the communication device.

[0124] The communication device described in the sixth aspect above can be a device or a chip (system) within a device. In some possible designs, when the communication device is a chip system, it can be composed of chips or may include chips and other discrete components.

[0125] The seventh aspect of this application provides a communication device, which may be a first communication device or a module or unit (e.g., a chip, a chip system, or a circuit) in the first communication device that performs the methods / operations / steps / actions described in the first aspect or any implementation of the first aspect.

[0126] The eighth aspect of this application provides a communication device, which may be a second communication device or a module or unit (e.g., a chip, a chip system, or a circuit) in the second communication device that performs the methods / operations / steps / actions described in the second aspect or any implementation thereof.

[0127] The ninth aspect of this application provides a computer-readable storage medium including computer instructions that, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform an implementation as described in the first aspect or any of the first aspects.

[0128] The tenth aspect of this application provides a computer-readable storage medium including computer instructions that, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to perform an implementation as described in the second aspect or any of the second aspects.

[0129] The eleventh aspect of this application provides a computer program product including instructions that, when run on a computer, cause the computer to perform an implementation as described in the first aspect or any of the first aspects.

[0130] The twelfth aspect of this application provides a computer program product including instructions that, when run on a computer, cause the computer to perform an implementation as described in the second aspect or any of the second aspects.

[0131] The thirteenth aspect of this application provides a chip device including a processor for calling a program stored in a memory, such that the processor executes the first aspect or any implementation thereof.

[0132] Optionally, the memory may be located inside or outside the chip device.

[0133] The fourteenth aspect of this application provides a chip device including a processor for calling a program stored in a memory, such that the processor executes the second aspect or any implementation thereof described above.

[0134] Optionally, the memory may be located inside or outside the chip device.

[0135] The fifteenth aspect of this application provides a communication system, which includes a first communication device and a second communication device. The first communication device is used to execute the first aspect or any one of the implementations of the first aspect, and the second communication device is used to execute the second aspect or any one of the implementations of the second aspect.

[0136] The technical effects of the second, third, or fourth aspects, or any possible implementation of the second, third, or fourth aspects, and the fifth to fifteenth aspects, can be found in the first aspect or the technical effects of different possible implementations of the first aspect, and will not be repeated here. Attached Figure Description

[0137] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the architecture of a communication system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0138] Figure 2A An example diagram of a single-base sensing scenario provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0139] Figure 2B An example diagram of a dual-base sensing scenario provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0140] Figure 2C Another example diagram of a dual-base sensing scenario provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0141] Figure 3A schematic diagram of an embodiment of the communication method provided in this application;

[0142] Figures 4A to 4C Example diagrams for obtaining a second constellation diagram by scaling multiple first constellation diagrams according to embodiments of this application;

[0143] Figures 5A to 5B A schematic diagram illustrating the mapping relationship between the elements of the original matrix and the first matrix provided in the embodiments of this application and the first constellation diagram and the second constellation diagram;

[0144] Figure 6A A schematic diagram of another embodiment of the communication method provided in this application;

[0145] Figure 6B An example schematic diagram of data stream mapping and modulation provided for embodiments of this application;

[0146] Figure 7 Another example diagram of a single-base sensing scenario provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0147] Figure 8A Another example diagram of a dual-base sensing scenario provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0148] Figure 8B Another example diagram of a dual-base sensing scenario provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0149] Figures 9 to 13 This is a schematic diagram of the communication device provided in the embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0150] The embodiments of this application are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. As those skilled in the art will understand, with the development of technology and the emergence of new scenarios, the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this application are also applicable to similar technical problems.

[0151] The terms "first," "second," etc., used in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments described herein can be implemented in a sequence other than that illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0152] This application provides a communication method for sensing using communication data without affecting communication quality. This application also provides corresponding apparatus, computer-readable storage media, and computer program products. These are described in detail below.

[0153] Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) refers to a device (such as a terminal device or network device) transmitting wireless signals that simultaneously possess both sensing and communication capabilities. The communication requirement can be simply understood as sending information from the transmitter to the receiver. The sensing requirement can be simply understood as sensing the surrounding environment, the speed of moving objects, and / or distance, etc. ISAC is widely considered a key application scenario for next-generation wireless communication (e.g., 6th-generation mobile communication technology, 6G). It is understandable that integrated sensing and communication can also be called joint communications and sensing (JCAS / ICAS), or simply sensing integration.

[0154] The technical solutions of this application embodiment can be applied to multi-input multi-output integrated sensing and communication (MIMO-ISAC) systems. The MIMO-ISAC system can be various communication systems, such as the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.15.4 standard and IEEE 802.15.4 standard for ultra-wideband (UWB).11 standards (including standards identified as Wi-Fi technology), Bluetooth standard, Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA), Wideband-CDMA (W-CDMA), Evolution Data Optimized (EV-DO), 1×EV-DO, EV-DO Revision A, EV-DO Revision B, High Rate Packet Data (HRPD), High Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA), High Speed ​​Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA), High Speed ​​Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA), Evolved HSPA (HSPA+), Long Term Evolution (LTE). Evolution of LTE, LTE frequency division duplex (FDD) systems, LTE time division duplex (TDD) systems, new radio (NR), Internet of Things (IoT), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication systems, non-terrestrial networks (NTN), or future communication systems.

[0155] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the communication system provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0156] Figure 1The communication system shown is primarily a wireless communication system capable of communication, sensing, and / or positioning. This system may include the following components: mobile device 101; base station 102; satellite (also known as a space vehicle) 103; access point (AP) 104; wireless devices 105 (e.g., portable Wi-Fi 105-1, smartwatch (or wristband) 105-2, vehicle 105-3, mobile phone 105-4, laptop 105-5, static communication / positioning device); network 106; network function server 107; and external client 108. Generally, this communication system enables communication between mobile device 101 and other devices, positioning of mobile device 101 and / or other devices, sensing measurements performed by mobile device 101, and / or combinations thereof. For example, the communication system can estimate the location of the mobile device 101 based on the radio frequency signals received and / or transmitted by the mobile device 101 and the known locations of other components (e.g., satellites, base stations, access points) that transmit and / or receive the radio frequency signals. Additionally, sensing measurements can be performed using wireless devices such as mobile devices, base stations, and satellites (and / or other NTN platforms that can be implemented on aircraft, drones, balloons, etc.). For example, sensing measurements of one or more target objects can be performed using radio frequency signals transmitted by one or more wireless devices. For example, sensing measurements of one or more target objects can be performed using radio frequency signals received by one or more wireless devices.

[0157] Combination Figure 1 Mobile device 101 can access network 106 via base station using the first communication link 110 to send and receive information with network-connected devices (such as network function server 107). Mobile device 101 can also access network 106 via AP using the second communication link 130 to send and receive information with network-connected devices (such as network function server 107). Mobile device 101 can use the third communication link 120 to communicate with other devices 105.

[0158] It should be noted that Figure 1 Only general diagrams of various components are provided. You may use some or all of them as needed, or copy a specific component. For example, although... Figure 1Only one mobile device 105 is shown, but it should be understood that many terminal devices (e.g., hundreds, thousands, millions, etc.) can use this communication system. Similarly, the communication system can include more than Figure 1 The number of base stations 102 and / or APs 104 may be greater or less than shown. Figure 1 The connections between the various components shown include data and signaling connections, which may include additional (intermediate) components, direct or indirect physical and / or wireless connections, and / or additional networks. Furthermore, components may be rearranged, combined, separated, replaced, and / or omitted depending on the desired functionality. In some implementations, for example, an external client 108 may connect directly to the network function server 107. Those skilled in the art will recognize numerous modifications to the illustrated components.

[0159] While ground components such as access points (APs) and base stations can be fixed, this is not the case in some implementations. Mobile components can be used. For example, in some implementations, the location of mobile device 101 can be estimated, at least in part, based on measurements of radio frequency signals transmitted between mobile device 101 and one or more other mobile devices 105 (which can be mobile or fixed). Figure 1 As shown, other mobile devices may include, for example, a portable Wi-Fi device 105-1, a smartwatch (or wristband) 105-2, a vehicle 105-3, a mobile phone 105-4, a laptop computer 105-5, a static communication / positioning device, or other static and / or mobile devices capable of providing wireless signals for locating mobile device 101, or combinations thereof. Wireless signals from mobile device 105 for locating mobile device 101 may include RF signals using, for example, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.11x (e.g., Wi-Fi), Ultra Wideband (UWB), IEEE 802.15x, or combinations thereof. Mobile device 105 may additionally or alternatively use non-RF wireless signals (such as a camera) to locate mobile device 101, such as infrared signals or other optical technologies.

[0160] Network 106 may include any of a variety of wireless and / or wired networks. Network 106, for example, may include any combination of public and / or private networks, local area networks (LANs) and / or wide area networks (WANs). Furthermore, the network may utilize one or more wired and / or wireless communication technologies. In some implementations, the network may, for example, include cellular or other mobile networks, wireless local area networks (WLANs), wireless wide area networks (WWANs), and / or the Internet.

[0161] Network function server 107 may include one or more servers and / or other computing devices configured to provide network management and / or network auxiliary functions. For example, a location server may determine a location estimate for a mobile device and / or provide data (e.g., “auxiliary data”) to mobile device 105 to facilitate location measurement and / or location determination. In some implementations, the location server may also include an enhanced serving mobile location center (E-SMLC) that uses a control plane (CP) location solution for LTE radio access for mobile devices to support mobile device positioning. The location server may also include a location management function (LMF) that supports the positioning of mobile devices using the control plane location solution for NR or LTE radio access.

[0162] A network function server can also be used as a sensing measurement server. A sensing measurement server can be used to coordinate and / or assist in coordinating the sensing measurements of one or more wireless devices within a system on one or more target objects. Wireless devices may include mobile devices, base stations, access points (APs), other mobile devices, satellites, or any combination thereof. Wireless devices capable of performing sensing measurements may be referred to herein as "sensing measurement nodes." To perform sensing measurements, a sensing server can coordinate a sensing session during which one or more RF sensing measurement nodes can perform sensing measurements by transmitting radio frequency signals (e.g., a sensing reference signal (SRS)) and measuring reflected signals or "echo signals." For example, reflected signals and object / target detection can be determined based on channel state information (CSI) received at a receiving device. To facilitate sensing measurements (e.g., within a sensing measurement session between one or more sensing measurement nodes), the sensing server can provide data (e.g., "auxiliary data") to the sensing measurement nodes to facilitate SRS transmission and / or measurement, object / target detection, or any combination thereof. Such data may include an SRS configuration indicating which resources (e.g., time and / or frequency resources) can be used (e.g., within the sensing measurement session) to transmit SRS for sensing measurements. According to some embodiments, the sensing server may include a sensing management function (SMF).

[0163] External client 108 may be a web server or remote application associated with mobile device 101 (e.g., accessible to the user of mobile device 101), or a server, application, or computer system that provides location services to other users. This may include obtaining and providing the location of mobile device 101 (e.g., enabling services such as friend or relative finder, child or pet location). Alternatively or additionally, external client 108 may obtain the location of mobile device 101 and provide it to emergency service providers, government agencies, etc.

[0164] A base station can typically refer to a single physical transmission point located at a base station site or multiple co-located physical transmission points. A transmission reception point (TRP), also known as a transmission / reception point, corresponds to this type of transmission point. In some cases, a base station may include multiple TRPs, for example, each TRP being associated with a different antenna, antenna array, or antenna panel of the base station. As used herein, the transmission function of a TRP can be performed by a transmission point (TP), and / or the reception function of a TRP can be performed by a reception point (RP), which may be physically separate from or different from the TP. That is, a TRP may include both a TP and an RP. A physical transmission point may include the antenna array of a base station, for example, in the case of a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system and / or where the base station employs beamforming. A base station (e.g., a gNB) may be able to transmit different “beams” in different directions and perform “beam scanning,” where signals are transmitted along different directions (e.g., one after another) in different beams.

[0165] A base station can also refer to multiple non-co-located physical transmission points. For example, a physical transmission point can be a distributed antenna system (DAS), which is a spatially separated antenna network connected to a common source via a transmission medium. Another example is a remote radio head (RRH), which is a remote base station connected to a serving base station.

[0166] APs can include Wi-Fi APs, Bluetooth APs, or APs with cellular capabilities (e.g., 4G LTE and / or 5G NR).

[0167] In some implementations, base stations can be owned, maintained, and / or operated by cellular network providers and can employ any of a variety of wireless technologies.

[0168] The satellite can be a satellite in a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) and / or an NTN satellite. GNSS includes the global positioning system (GPS), Galileo, BeiDou, etc.

[0169] Satellites can communicate with one or more base stations and / or one or more user equipment.

[0170] Satellites can be used for communication positioning in one or more ways. For example, a satellite can be part of GNSS. Positioning using RF signals from GNSS satellites can include measuring multiple GNSS signals at a GNSS receiver on a mobile device to perform highly accurate positioning, such as carrier-based positioning. Alternatively or concurrently, satellites can be used for NTN-based positioning; in other words, functionally, satellites can operate as a TRP (or TP) of a network (e.g., LTE and / or NR networks). Specifically, reference signals transmitted by NTN satellites are similar to those transmitted by base stations and are coordinated by a network function server, which can then operate as a location server. In some implementations, the satellites used for NTN-based positioning can be different from those used for GNSS-based positioning. In some implementations, NTN nodes can include non-ground vehicles such as aircraft, balloons, drones, etc., which can supplement or replace NTN satellites. NTN satellites and / or other NTN platforms can be further utilized to perform sensing measurements.

[0171] For ease of understanding, the technical terms involved in the embodiments of this application are briefly introduced below:

[0172] 1. Transmitter: A communication device that transmits communication signals and / or sensing signals (SS), also known as a transmitting node or transmitting device.

[0173] 2. Receiver: A communication device that receives the echo signal corresponding to the communication signal and / or the sensing signal. It can also be called a receiving node or receiving device.

[0174] 3. Sensing signal: A signal that can realize the sensing function. For example, if signal A is reflected or scattered during transmission and the resulting signal B can be used for sensing, then signal A (or signal B) has the sensing function. Therefore, signal A (or signal B) can be called a sensing signal.

[0175] 4. Echo signal (ES): refers to the signal obtained after reflection or scattering. The sensing result can be determined by measuring the echo signal; the echo signal can be received by beamforming.

[0176] 5. Beam: A beam is a communication resource. A beam can be wide, narrow, or other types of beams. The technology used to form a beam can be beamforming technology or other techniques. Beamforming technology can specifically be digital beamforming technology, analog beamforming technology, and hybrid digital or analog beamforming technology. Different beams can be considered different resources. The beam used to transmit signals can be called the transmission beam (Txbeam), and the beam used to receive signals can be called the reception beam (Rxbeam). The transmission beam refers to the distribution of signal strength in different directions in space after the signal is transmitted through the antenna, while the reception beam refers to the distribution of signal strength in different directions in space of the wireless signal received from the antenna.

[0177] 6. Terminal device (or terminal): can be a wireless device capable of receiving network device scheduling and instruction information. The wireless device can be a device that provides voice and / or data connectivity to the user, or a handheld device with wireless connectivity, or other processing device connected to a wireless modem.

[0178] Terminal devices can communicate with one or more core networks or the Internet via a radio access network (RAN). Terminal devices can be mobile terminal devices, such as mobile phones (or "cellular" phones), computers, and data cards. For example, they can be portable, pocket-sized, handheld, computer-embedded, or vehicle-mounted mobile devices that exchange voice and / or data with the RAN. Examples include personal communication service (PCS) phones, cordless phones, session initiation protocol (SIP) phones, wireless local loop (WLL) stations, personal digital assistants (PDAs), tablets, and computers with wireless transceiver capabilities. Wireless terminal equipment can also be called subscriber unit, subscriber station, mobile station (MS), remote station, access point (AP), remote terminal, access terminal, user terminal, user agent, subscriber station (SS), customer premises equipment (CPE), terminal, user equipment (UE), mobile terminal (MT), etc.

[0179] By way of example and not limitation, in this embodiment, the terminal device can also be a wearable device. Wearable devices, also known as wearable smart devices or smart wearable devices, are a general term for devices that utilize wearable technology to intelligently design and develop everyday wearables, such as glasses, gloves, watches, clothing, and shoes. Wearable devices are portable devices that are worn directly on the body or integrated into the user's clothing or accessories. Wearable devices are not merely hardware devices, but also achieve powerful functions through software support, data interaction, and cloud interaction. Broadly speaking, wearable smart devices include those that are feature-rich, large in size, and can achieve complete or partial functions without relying on a smartphone, such as smartwatches or smart glasses, as well as those that focus on a specific type of application function and require the use of other devices such as smartphones, such as various smart bracelets, smart helmets, and smart jewelry for vital sign monitoring.

[0180] Terminal devices can also be drones, robots, devices in device-to-device (D2D) communication, vehicles to everything (V2X) communication, virtual reality (VR) terminal devices, augmented reality (AR) terminal devices, wireless terminals in industrial control, wireless terminals in self-driving, wireless terminals in telemedicine or telehealth services, wireless terminals in smart grids, wireless terminals in transportation safety, wireless terminals in smart cities, wireless terminals in smart homes, etc.

[0181] Furthermore, terminal devices can also be terminal devices in future communication systems beyond the fifth generation (5G) (such as 5G Advanced communication systems) or in future evolved public land mobile networks (PLMNs). For example, 5G Advanced networks can further expand the form and function of 5G communication terminals, including but not limited to vehicles, cellular network terminals (integrating satellite terminal functions), drones, and Internet of Things (IoT) devices.

[0182] In this embodiment, the terminal device can also obtain artificial intelligence (AI) services provided by the network device. Optionally, the terminal device can also have AI processing capabilities.

[0183] In this embodiment of the application, the terminal device may also have a sensing function. The terminal device can realize the sensing of the sensing target by sending a sensing signal or receiving the echo signal corresponding to the sensing signal.

[0184] It is understood that a terminal device can be referred to as a communication device. For example, the device used to implement the functions of the terminal device can be the terminal device itself; it can also be a device that supports the terminal device in implementing the functions, such as a chip system, hardware circuit, software module, or hardware circuit plus software module. This device can be installed in the terminal or can be used in conjunction with the terminal device. In the embodiments of this application, the chip system can be composed of chips or can include chips and other discrete devices.

[0185] 7. Network Equipment: This can be equipment within a wireless network. For example, a network equipment can be a node (or device) that connects terminal devices to the wireless network; it can also be called a RAN node or RAN equipment. Currently, some examples of RAN equipment include: base stations (BS), evolved NodeBs (eNodeBs), gNBs (gNodeBs) in 5G communication systems, transmission reception points (TRPs), evolved Node Bs (eNBs), radio network controllers (RNCs), Node Bs (NBs), home base stations (e.g., home evolved Node Bs, or home Node Bs (HNBs), base band units (BBUs) or wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) access points (APs), terminals that function as base stations in device-to-device (D2D) communication, satellites, drones, unmanned spacecraft, communication balloons, and other non-ground equipment. In addition, in one network architecture, network devices may include central unit (CU) nodes, distributed unit (DU) nodes, or RAN devices that include both CU and DU nodes.

[0186] Optionally, the RAN node can also be a macro base station, micro base station, indoor station, relay node, donor node, or a radio controller in a cloud radio access network (CRAN) scenario. The RAN node can also be a server, wearable device, vehicle, or in-vehicle equipment. For example, the access network equipment in vehicle-to-everything (V2X) technology can be a roadside unit (RSU).

[0187] In another possible scenario, multiple RAN nodes collaborate to assist the terminal in achieving wireless access, with different RAN nodes each implementing some of the base station's functions. For example, RAN nodes can be CUs, DUs, CUs (control plane, CP), CUs (user plane, UP), or radio units (RUs). CUs and DUs can be set up separately or included in the same network element, such as a baseband unit (BBU). RUs can be included in radio equipment or radio units, such as remote radio units (RRUs), active antenna units (AAUs), radio heads (RHs), or remote radio heads (RRHs).

[0188] In different systems, CU (or CU-CP and CU-UP), DU, or RU may have different names, but those skilled in the art will understand their meaning. For example, in an open access network (open RAN, O-RAN, or ORAN) system, CU can also be called O-CU (open CU), DU can also be called O-DU, CU-CP can also be called O-CU-CP, CU-UP can also be called O-CU-UP, and RU can also be called O-RU. For ease of description, this application uses CU, CU-CP, CU-UP, DU, and RU as examples. Any of the units among CU (or CU-CP, CU-UP), DU, and RU in this application can be implemented through software modules, hardware modules, or a combination of software modules and hardware modules.

[0189] Communication between access network devices and terminal devices follows a specific protocol layer structure. This protocol layer may include a control plane protocol layer and a user plane protocol layer. The control plane protocol layer may include at least one of the following: radio resource control (RRC) layer, packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, radio link control (RLC) layer, media access control (MAC) layer, or physical (PHY) layer, etc. The user plane protocol layer may include at least one of the following: service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer, PDCP layer, RLC layer, MAC layer, or physical layer, etc.

[0190] The correspondence between network elements and their achievable protocol layer functions in the ORAN system can be found in Table 1 below.

[0191] Table 1

[0192] ORAN network elements 3GPP protocol layer functions O-CU-CP RRC+PDCP-Control Plane (PDCP-C) O-CU-UP SDAP+PDCP - User Plane (PDCP-U) O-DU RLC+MAC+PHY-high O-RU PHY-low

[0193] Network devices can be other devices that provide wireless communication functions for terminal devices. The embodiments of this application do not limit the specific technology or form of the network device. For ease of description, the embodiments of this application are not limited.

[0194] Network equipment may also include core network equipment, such as the Mobility Management Entity (MME), Home Subscriber Server (HSS), Serving Gateway (S-GW), Policy and Charging Rules Function (PCRF), and Public Data Network Gateway (PDN gateway or P-GW) in 4th generation (4G) networks; and access and mobility management function (AMF), user plane function (UPF), or session management function (SMF) in 5G networks. Furthermore, this core network equipment may also include other core network equipment in 5G networks and next-generation networks of 5G networks.

[0195] In this embodiment of the application, the network device can also be a network node with AI capabilities, which can provide AI services to terminal devices or other network devices. For example, it can be an AI node, computing power node, RAN node with AI capabilities, core network element with AI capabilities, etc. on the network side (access network or core network).

[0196] In this embodiment of the application, the network device can also be a network node with sensing capabilities, which can provide sensing services for terminal devices or other network devices. The network node can sense the sensing target by sending sensing signals or receiving echo signals.

[0197] It is understood that a base station can be referred to as a communication device. For example, a base station can be understood as a device with base station functions. For example, the device used to implement the functions of a base station can be a base station itself; or some components within a base station, such as CU, DU, etc. It can also be a device capable of supporting the base station in implementing this function, such as a chip system, hardware circuit, software module, or hardware circuit plus software module, which can be installed in a base station or used in conjunction with a base station. In the embodiments of this application, the chip system can be composed of chips or can include chips and other discrete devices.

[0198] 8. The terms "system" and "network" in the embodiments of this application can be used interchangeably. "Multiple" refers to two or more. "And / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A alone, A and B simultaneously, or B alone, where A and B can be singular or plural. The character " / " generally indicates that the related objects before and after are in an "or" relationship. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items. For example, "at least one of A, B, and C" includes A, B, C, AB, AC, BC, or ABC. And, unless otherwise specified, the ordinal numbers such as "first" and "second" mentioned in the embodiments of this application are used to distinguish multiple objects and are not used to limit the order, sequence, priority, or importance of multiple objects.

[0199] 9. In the embodiments of this application, "send" and "receive" indicate the direction of signal transmission. For example, "send information to XX" can be understood as the destination of the information being XX, which may include sending via the air interface. "Receive information from YY" can be understood as the source of the information being YY, which may include receiving from YY via the air interface. "Send" can also be understood as the "output" of the chip interface, and "receive" can also be understood as the "input" of the chip interface.

[0200] In other words, sending and receiving can occur between devices, such as between network devices and terminal devices, or within a device, such as between components, modules, chips, software modules, or hardware modules within the device via buses, wiring, or interfaces.

[0201] It is understandable that information may undergo necessary processing, such as encoding and modulation, between the source and destination, but the destination can understand the valid information from the source. Similar statements in this application can be interpreted in a similar way and will not be elaborated further.

[0202] 10. In the embodiments of this application, "instruction" may include direct instruction and indirect instruction, as well as explicit instruction and implicit instruction. The information indicated by a certain piece of information (hereinafter referred to as instruction information) is called the information to be instructed. In the specific implementation process, there are many ways to indicate the information to be instructed, such as, but not limited to, directly indicating the information to be instructed, such as the information to be instructed itself or its index. It can also indirectly indicate the information to be instructed by indicating other information, where there is an association between the other information and the information to be instructed; or it can only indicate a part of the information to be instructed, while the other parts of the information to be instructed are known or pre-agreed upon. For example, the instruction of specific information can be achieved by using a pre-agreed (e.g., protocol predefined) arrangement order of various information, thereby reducing the instruction overhead to a certain extent. This application does not limit the specific method of instruction. It is understood that for the sender of the instruction information, the instruction information can be used to indicate the information to be instructed; for the receiver of the instruction information, the instruction information can be used to determine the information to be instructed.

[0203] In this application, unless otherwise specified, the same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other. In the various embodiments of this application, and the various methods / designs / implementations within each embodiment, unless otherwise specified or logically conflicting, the terminology and / or descriptions between different embodiments and between the various methods / designs / implementations within each embodiment are consistent and can be mutually referenced. The technical features in different embodiments and the various methods / designs / implementations within each embodiment can be combined to form new embodiments, methods, or implementations based on their inherent logical relationships. The following descriptions of the embodiments of this application do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this application.

[0204] The communication method provided in this application embodiment can be applied in multiple scenarios in the MIMO-ISAC system, which will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0205] Before proceeding with the accompanying drawings, the following explanations are provided: In the various scenarios described below, the transmitter of the first signal is referred to as the second communication device, the receiver of the echo signal (i.e., the second signal) corresponding to the first signal is referred to as the first communication device, and the device that receives the first signal and communicates with the second communication device is referred to as the third communication device. Furthermore, the first signal transmitted by the second communication device (e.g., broadcast) may also be received by the first communication device. This first signal, after transmission, becomes the third signal and is then received by the first communication device.

[0206] The first communication device can be a network device or a terminal device. This first communication device can be a component within the network device or terminal device responsible for communication and / or sensing functions (e.g., a processor, circuit, chip, or chip system), or it can be a logic module or software capable of implementing all or part of the functions of the first communication device. If the component responsible for communication and / or sensing functions is a chip, this chip can be a modem chip, also known as a baseband chip, or a system-on-a-chip (SoC) chip containing a modem core, or a system-in-package (SIP) chip.

[0207] The second communication device can be a network device or a terminal device. This second communication device can be a component within the network device or terminal device responsible for communication and / or sensing functions (e.g., a processor, circuit, chip, or chip system), or it can be a logic module or software capable of implementing all or part of the functions of the second communication device. If the component responsible for communication and / or sensing functions is a chip, this chip can be a modem chip, also known as a baseband chip, or a SoC chip or SIP chip containing a modem core.

[0208] The third communication device can be a network device or a terminal device. This third communication device can be a component within the network device or terminal device responsible for communication functions (e.g., a processor, circuit, chip, or chip system), or it can be a logic module or software capable of implementing all or part of the functions of the third communication device. If the component responsible for communication functions is a chip, this chip can be a modem chip, also known as a baseband chip, or a SoC chip or SIP chip containing a modem core.

[0209] like Figure 2A As shown, the first and second communication devices in this scenario are the same device, serving as network equipment (e.g., a base station), while the third communication device is a terminal device (e.g., a car). The second communication device sends a first signal to the third communication device via ports 1 and 2. The portion of the first signal transmitted through port 1 is signal 1, and the portion transmitted through port 2 is signal 2. Both signals 1 and 2 are received by the third communication device, and are reflected or scattered by it. The reflected or scattered signals are signals 3 and 4, respectively. After being transmitted to the first communication device (i.e., the second communication device), signals 3 and 4 are received by port 1. These signals can be collectively referred to as the echo signals of the first signal, or simply as the second signal.

[0210] It should be noted that, Figure 2A The illustration shows that signals 3 and 4 are received by the same port, which is a multi-port transmit single-port receive (i.e., multiple transmit single receive) sensing scenario. In reality, signals 3 and 4 could also be received by different ports of the first communication device, thus constituting a multi-port transmit multi-port receive (i.e., multiple transmit multiple receive) sensing scenario. Figure 2A The illustration shown is merely an example.

[0211] exist Figure 2A In the scenario shown, the first communication device and the second communication device are the same device, and are network devices, while the third communication device is a terminal device. In fact, this application does not limit whether the first signal is transmitted downlink, uplink, or via a side link. The first communication device (i.e., the second communication device) or the third communication device can be either a network device or a terminal device.

[0212] Should Figure 2A In the scenario shown, the first and second communication devices are the same communication device (e.g., a network device). This sensing scenario can be called a mono-static sensing scenario. A mono-static sensing scenario refers to a scenario where the transmitting end of the sensing signal and the receiving end of the corresponding echo signal are the same communication device. A mono-static sensing scenario can also be called a transceiver integrated sensing scenario. For example, in... Figure 2A In this scenario, the sensing target is a car, and the network device can both communicate with the car and perceive it. In reality, the sensing target can be limited to... Figure 2A The vehicle shown could be, for example, another target in the environment within the beam coverage of a network device, such as a building, pedestrian, or drone, and its perception principle is similar to... Figure 2A The process is the same, except that in addition to being received by the third communication device (e.g., a car), signals 1 and 2 are also reflected or scattered by other sensing targets in the environment, and the resulting echo signals are received by the first communication device (which is also the second communication device).

[0213] like Figure 2BAs shown, in this scenario, the first and second communication devices are different devices. The second communication device is a network device, the first communication device is a terminal device (e.g., a mobile phone), and the third communication device is a terminal device (e.g., a car). The second communication device sends a first signal to the third communication device through ports 1 and 2. The portion of the first signal sent through port 1 is signal 1, and the portion sent through port 2 is signal 2. Both signal 1 and signal 2 are received by the third communication device. Furthermore, signal 1 and signal 2 are reflected or scattered by the third communication device, resulting in signals 3 and 4 after reflection or scattering. After being transmitted to the first communication device (e.g., a mobile phone), signals 3 and 4 are received by one port of the first communication device. Signals 3 and 4 can be collectively referred to as the echo signal of the first signal, or the second signal.

[0214] It should be noted that, Figure 2B The illustration shows that signals 3 and 4 are both received by the same port of the first communication device, which belongs to a multi-port transmit single-port receive (i.e., multiple transmit single receive) sensing scenario. In reality, signals 3 and 4 could also be received by different ports of the first communication device, thus constituting a multi-port transmit multi-port receive (i.e., multiple transmit multiple receive) sensing scenario. Figure 2B The illustration shown is merely an example.

[0215] exist Figure 2B In the scenario shown, the second communication device is a network device, the third communication device is a terminal device, and the first communication device is also a terminal device. In fact, this application does not limit whether the first signal is transmitted downlink, uplink, or via a side link. The first, second, or third communication device can all be network devices or terminal devices.

[0216] Figure 2B In the scenario shown, the first communication device and the second communication device are different communication devices. This sensing scenario can be called a bi-static sensing scenario. A bi-static sensing scenario refers to a scenario where the transmitting end of the sensing signal and the receiving end of the echo signal are not the same communication device. A bi-static sensing scenario can also be called a transceiver separation sensing scenario. Moreover, in Figure 2B In this scenario, the sensing target is a car. That is, the second communication device can communicate with both the third communication device (e.g., the car) and the first communication device (e.g., a mobile phone) to assist in sensing the car. In reality, the sensing target doesn't have to be a car; it could be other targets in the environment within the coverage of the transmission beams from the two ports of the second communication device, such as buildings, pedestrians, or drones. The sensing principle is similar to... Figure 2BThe process shown is the same, except that in addition to being received by the third communication device, signals 1 and 2 are also reflected or scattered by other sensing targets in the environment, and the resulting signals 3 and 4 are received by the first communication device.

[0217] like Figure 2C As shown, this scenario is also a sensing scenario with separate transmission and reception, and... Figure 2B The difference is that the first communication device not only receives the second signal (i.e., signal 3 and signal 4) reflected or scattered by the third communication device (e.g., a car), but also receives the first signal (i.e., signal 1 and signal 2) sent by the second communication device (e.g., a broadcast). Because the first signal is attenuated to a certain extent when it is transmitted to the first communication device (e.g., due to channel reasons), the first signal that is transmitted to the first communication device (e.g., a mobile phone) and is actually received by the first communication device is called the third signal.

[0218] The above Figure 2A , Figure 2B or Figure 2C In the MIMO-ISAC scenario shown, the second communication device modulates the original signal to obtain the modulated signal. In one possible implementation, the data in the original signal is represented by a matrix X′, which can be called the original matrix X′. Correspondingly, the data in the modulated signal (i.e., the first signal) (i.e., the first data) is represented by a matrix X, which can be called the first matrix X.

[0219] Subsequently, the second communication device sends a first signal, which carries data from the modulated signal (i.e., first data), meaning the first signal indicates the first matrix X (or, in other words, the first data indicates the first matrix X). The echo signal (i.e., the second signal) obtained after the first signal is reflected or scattered by the sensing target is received by the first communication device. The data in the second signal is represented by a matrix Y, which can be called the second matrix Y. Therefore, the second signal indicates the matrix Y, or in other words, the data in the second signal indicates the matrix Y.

[0220] The second matrix Y and the first matrix X satisfy the following relationship:

[0221] Y = XH

[0222] H can be called the third matrix, which is the channel matrix corresponding to the echo signal (i.e., the channel through which the first signal emitted by the second communication device reaches the first communication device after reflection or scattering).

[0223] Wherein, the original matrix X′ includes N*N elements, the first matrix X includes N*N elements, the second matrix Y includes N*1 elements, and the third matrix H includes N*1 elements, where N is an integer greater than 1. The number of columns N in the original matrix X′ and the first matrix X can represent the number of ports transmitting the first signal, and the number of rows N can represent the number of subcarriers transmitting the first signal. Of course, the relationship between rows and columns and ports and subcarriers can be interchanged, and this application does not limit this.

[0224] In example Figure 2A In the integrated transceiver sensing scenario shown, the first communication device is a device that performs sensing functions, and the first communication device is also the transmitter of the first signal. Therefore, the first communication device can directly obtain the data carried by the first signal (e.g., the first data), and thus obtain the first matrix X associated with the first signal.

[0225] In example Figure 2B In the transmitted-receiver separation sensing scenario shown, the first communication device is the device that performs the sensing function. The first communication device can acquire first data based on the second signal. For example, it can demodulate the received echo signal (i.e., the second signal) using the demodulation principle of communication to recover the original signal, and then modulate the original signal to obtain the first signal, thereby obtaining the data carried by the first signal (i.e., the first data), and then obtaining the matrix X associated with the first signal.

[0226] In example Figure 2C In the transmitted-receiver separation sensing scenario shown, the first communication device is the device that performs the sensing function, and the first communication device also receives a third signal. The first communication device can acquire first data based on the third signal. For example, the received third signal is processed using the demodulation principle of communication to obtain the first signal, thereby obtaining the data carried by the first signal (i.e., the first data), and then obtaining the matrix X associated with the first signal. For example, a fourth matrix Z is determined based on the second data carried by the third signal. Z can be understood as the representation of the second data; subsequently, X is obtained based on Z = XC. Here, C represents the channel matrix corresponding to the third signal (i.e., the channel through which the first signal emitted by the second communication device reaches the first communication device without reflection, or in other words, the conventional communication channel between the second and first communication devices). This application does not limit the method for obtaining C; it can be an instruction, a prior agreement, or measurement, etc.

[0227] It is understandable that the above Figures 2A-2C The first communication device, the second communication device, and the third communication device can be any one of terminal equipment or network equipment. The above example is only an exemplary expression and does not make a unique limitation on the implementation in this application.

[0228] After obtaining the first matrix X, the first communication device can determine the inverse matrix X of the first matrix. -1 Furthermore, based on the above relationship Y = XH, we can determine that H = X. -1 Y, therefore, the first communication device can be based on the inverse matrix X of the first matrix X. -1 The third matrix H is obtained by solving the second matrix Y, and this third matrix H is the perception result.

[0229] If the first matrix Second matrix Third matrix k represents the k-th subcarrier, x n (k) represents the element on the k-th subcarrier corresponding to the n-th port, where n = 1, 2, ..., N, and k is an integer greater than or equal to 0. Then Y = XH can be expressed as:

[0230]

[0231]

[0232] As can be seen from the above introduction, the inverse matrix X of the first matrix X can be obtained through... -1 The obtained sensing result is affected by the first matrix X. If the first matrix X is ill-conditioned, it is sensitive to small perturbations when solving for the third matrix H, leading to an unstable solution H, i.e., the obtained sensing result is inaccurate. Therefore, in the communication or sensing process, it is necessary to minimize the probability of ill-conditioned matrices.

[0233] The following section uses a matrix A as an example to introduce the relevant content of ill-conditioned matrices.

[0234] In mathematics, if a matrix A is not a singular matrix (i.e., matrix A is non-singular), it usually has an inverse matrix A. -1 However, matrix A may be ill-conditioned, meaning it could be a non-observable matrix. If matrix A is ill-conditioned, it is sensitive to small perturbations during numerical solutions, even if the inverse matrix A can be obtained. -1 This can also lead to unstable solutions.

[0235] A singular matrix is ​​a square matrix with a determinant of zero, which is non-invertible and whose corresponding linear system of equations has no solution or infinitely many solutions.

[0236] A non-singular matrix is ​​a square matrix with a non-zero determinant, an inverse matrix, and a system of linear equations for which there is a unique solution. Non-singular matrices are also called invertible matrices.

[0237] Ill-conditioned matrices are a subset of invertible matrices; that is, all ill-conditioned matrices are invertible matrices, but not all invertible matrices are ill-conditioned matrices.

[0238] An ill-conditioned matrix is ​​an invertible matrix with an extremely large condition number. The condition number is defined as the ratio of the matrix's largest singular value to its smallest singular value, or the product of the matrix's norm and the norm of its inverse matrix, i.e., cond(A) = ||A||·||A||. -1 The larger the condition number, the more uneven the distribution of singular values ​​in the matrix, and the closer the matrix is ​​to a singular state. Therefore, it is more susceptible to small errors in numerical calculations, leading to significant changes in the results. The condition number is a measure of whether a matrix is ​​ill-conditioned; a larger condition number indicates a more ill-conditioned matrix.

[0239] In an extreme case, when the matrix is ​​singular, the condition number is infinite or not full rank (i.e., the rank of the matrix is ​​less than N). Therefore, singular or non-full rank matrices will also affect the calculation of the third matrix H. Thus, the first matrix X cannot be a singular or non-full rank matrix. Here, we will not elaborate on all of these cases, but will uniformly use the term ill-conditioned matrix to describe them in the following text.

[0240] In the process of modulating the original signal to obtain the first signal, the modulation method used will affect the probability that the first matrix X indicated by the first signal is ill-conditioned. For example, taking the original matrix X′ indicated by the original signal as a 2*2 matrix as an example, if the original signal is modulated using constellation diagrams with different modulation methods as shown in Table 2, the first X matrix indicated by the modulated first signal may be an ill-conditioned matrix.

[0241] Table 2: Probability of ill-conditioned matrix occurrence under different modulation schemes

[0242] Modulation method The probability of an ill-conditioned matrix appearing QPSK 624 / 10000 16-QAM 660 / 10000 64-QAM 701 / 10000

[0243] Extensive simulation experiments have shown that modulating the original signal used to indicate the 2x2 matrix using any of the QPSK, 16-QAM, or 64-QAM methods results in a 6% probability that the 2x2 matrix X indicated by the modulated first signal is ill-conditioned. This negatively impacts the sensing process; if the first matrix X becomes ill-conditioned during sensing, the accuracy of the sensing results will be affected. Therefore, how to perform sensing using the first signal without compromising communication quality has become a pressing technical problem. Based on this, embodiments of this application provide a communication method for performing sensing using the first signal without affecting communication quality.

[0244] The communication method provided in the embodiments of this application is described below from the perspective of a first communication device and a second communication device. Further descriptions of the first or second communication device can be found in the preceding text. Figures 2A to 2C Please refer to the relevant descriptions in the document for comprehension.

[0245] like Figure 3As shown, the communication method provided in this application embodiment includes:

[0246] S301. The second communication device acquires first data; wherein the first data indicates a first matrix X, the first matrix X includes N*N elements, the first element in the first matrix X is obtained by modulation of a first constellation diagram, and the second element is obtained by modulation of a second constellation diagram; the first element and the second element are adjacent in the same row or in the same column, and the second constellation diagram is different from the first constellation diagram.

[0247] N is an integer greater than 1.

[0248] In this application, the first element in the first matrix X refers to the element obtained by modulation using the first constellation diagram. If one element in the first matrix X is obtained by modulation using the first constellation diagram, then that element is called the first element. If multiple elements in the first matrix X are obtained by modulation using the first constellation diagram, then all of those elements are called the first elements. In other words, the first element refers to a class of elements that satisfy the corresponding conditions. Similarly, the second element in the first matrix X refers to the element obtained by modulation using the second constellation diagram. If one element in the first matrix X is obtained by modulation using the second constellation diagram, then that element is called the second element. If multiple elements in the first matrix X are obtained by modulation using the second constellation diagram, then all of those elements are called the second elements. In other words, the second element refers to another class of elements that satisfy the corresponding conditions.

[0249] The first and second constellation diagrams can be QPSK constellation diagrams or QAM constellation diagrams of various modulation orders. The second constellation diagram can be obtained by enlarging or reducing the first constellation diagram. In this case, the phase of the constellation points on the second constellation diagram is the same as the phase of the corresponding constellation points on the first constellation diagram, but the amplitude is different.

[0250] In this context, the scaling factor (P) can be used to represent the magnification or reduction ratio, where P can be any positive number other than 1. For example, the range of values ​​for P can be... The value of P is not equal to 1, or the value of P in [1 / 2, 3 / 2] is not equal to 1. Of course, P can also take other values ​​that are not equal to 1. This application does not limit the value of P.

[0251] Taking a 2x reduction, i.e., reducing it to half its original size, as an example, the following uses QPSK, 16-QAM, and 64-QAM constellation charts to illustrate the relationship between the first and second constellation charts.

[0252] like Figure 4AAs shown, taking the QPSK constellation chart as an example, the first constellation chart of QPSK has four constellation points, which are distributed in the first to fourth quadrants. These four constellation points are constellation point 11, constellation point 12, constellation point 13, and constellation point 14. The phase of constellation point 11 is... The aspect of the 12th point in the constellation is The aspect of the 13th point in the constellation is The aspect of the 14th point in the constellation is The amplitudes of these four constellation points are the same. Reducing the first constellation diagram by a factor of two yields the second constellation diagram. Constellation point 21 in the second constellation diagram corresponds to constellation point 11 in the first constellation diagram, with a phase of... The phase is reduced by half compared to constellation point 11; constellation point 22 in the second constellation chart corresponds to constellation point 12 in the first constellation chart, with an phase of... The phase is reduced by half compared to constellation point 12; constellation point 23 in the second constellation chart corresponds to constellation point 13 in the first constellation chart, with an phase of... The phase is reduced by half compared to constellation point 13; constellation point 24 in the second constellation chart corresponds to constellation point 14 in the first constellation chart, with an phase of... The phase is reduced by half compared to constellation point 14. That is, reducing the first constellation chart by half, that is, reducing it to half of its original size, yields the second constellation chart. The phases of the four constellation points on the second constellation chart remain unchanged, but the amplitude is reduced to half of its original size.

[0253] like Figure 4B As shown, taking a 16-QAM constellation diagram as an example, the first constellation diagram of a 16-QAM constellation has 16 constellation points, evenly distributed from the first to the fourth quadrant. Each quadrant has 4 constellation points; for example, the 4 points in the first quadrant are marked with 31, the 4 points in the second quadrant with 32, the 4 points in the third quadrant with 33, and the 4 points in the fourth quadrant with 34. Reducing the first constellation diagram by half its original size yields the second constellation diagram. The 4 points 41 in the second constellation diagram correspond to the 4 points 31 in the first constellation diagram; the 4 points 42 in the second constellation diagram correspond to the 4 points 32 in the first constellation diagram; the 4 points 43 in the second constellation diagram correspond to the 4 points 33 in the first constellation diagram; and the 4 points 44 in the second constellation diagram correspond to the 4 points 34 in the first constellation diagram. In the second constellation diagram, the phases of each pair of corresponding four constellation points are the same as in the first constellation diagram, and the amplitude is reduced to half of its original value. For example, the constellation points marked with the same color in the second constellation diagram (41) are in the same phase as those in the first constellation diagram (31), and the amplitude is reduced to half of its original value. The second constellation diagram is obtained by reducing the first constellation diagram by half; the phases of the 16 constellation points in the second constellation diagram remain unchanged, and the amplitude is reduced to half of its original value.

[0254] like Figure 4C As shown, taking a 64-QAM constellation diagram as an example, the first constellation diagram of 64-QAM has 64 constellation points, which are evenly distributed from the first quadrant to the fourth quadrant. Reducing the size of this first constellation diagram by half, i.e., shrinking it to 1 / 2 of its original size, yields the second constellation diagram. In this second constellation diagram, the phases of the 64 constellation points remain unchanged, but the amplitude is reduced to 1 / 2 of its original size.

[0255] like Figure 4C As shown, taking a 64-QAM constellation diagram as an example, the first constellation diagram of 64-QAM has 64 constellation points, evenly distributed from the first to the fourth quadrant. Each quadrant has 16 constellation points; for example, the 16 points in the first quadrant are marked with 51, the 16 points in the second quadrant with 52, the 16 points in the third quadrant with 53, and the 16 points in the fourth quadrant with 54. Reducing the first constellation diagram by half its original size yields the second constellation diagram. The 16 constellation points 61 in the second constellation diagram correspond to the 16 points of 51 in the first constellation diagram; the 16 constellation points 62 in the second constellation diagram correspond to the 16 points of 52 in the first constellation diagram; the 16 constellation points 63 in the second constellation diagram correspond to the 16 points of 53 in the first constellation diagram; and the 16 constellation points 64 in the second constellation diagram correspond to the 16 points of 54 in the first constellation diagram. In the second constellation chart, the phases of each pair of corresponding 16 constellation points are the same as in the first constellation chart, and the amplitude is reduced to half of its original value. For example, the phase of the constellation point marked in white (61 in the second constellation chart) with the constellation point marked in white (51 in the first constellation chart) has its amplitude reduced to half of its original value. The phases of the remaining 15 pairs of constellation points also have their amplitude reduced to half of their original value. Figure 4C There is no use of color to distinguish them.

[0256] It should be noted that the N*N elements in the first matrix can be obtained by modulating N*N / 2 elements using the first constellation diagram and another N*N / 2 elements using the second constellation diagram; or the N*N elements can be obtained by modulating more constellation diagrams, not limited to using only the first and second constellation diagrams. When using more constellation diagrams, these constellation diagrams can be obtained by enlarging or reducing a basic constellation diagram (standard constellation diagram) by different proportions. For example, the N*N elements may also include a third element, which is modulated using a third constellation diagram, and this third constellation diagram is different from the first and second constellation diagrams. The third element in the first matrix X refers to the element modulated using the third constellation diagram. If one element in the first matrix X is modulated using the third constellation diagram, then that element is called the third element; if multiple elements in the first matrix X are modulated using the third constellation diagram, then all of them are called the third elements. Of course, the N*N elements can also include a fourth element, ..., the N*Nth element, and the constellation diagram of each element is different from the first and second constellation diagrams.

[0257] The process by which the second communication device acquires the first data can be obtained by the second communication device mapping the N*N elements before modulation to different constellation points in the first and second constellation diagrams, or by the second communication device mapping the N*N elements before modulation to different constellation points in more constellation diagrams.

[0258] S302. The second communication device sends a first signal to the third communication device.

[0259] The first signal carries the first data.

[0260] The first signal may be reflected or scattered by the third communication device, thereby generating an echo signal (i.e., the second signal). Of course, the sensing target can also be other sensing targets on the transmission path of the first signal, and is not limited to the third communication device.

[0261] S303. The first communication device receives the second signal.

[0262] The second signal is the echo signal of the first signal. The second signal indicates the second matrix Y, which includes N*1 elements.

[0263] It is understandable that the data carried by the second signal is represented in the form of the second matrix Y. Therefore, the data carried by the second signal indicates the second matrix Y, or in other words, the second signal indicates the second matrix Y.

[0264] S304. The first communication device acquires first data, wherein the first data indicates a first matrix X associated with a first signal.

[0265] In this application, in a sensing scenario with integrated transceiver, the first communication device is the device performing the sensing function and is also the transmitter of the first signal. Therefore, the first communication device can directly obtain the data carried by the first signal (e.g., first data), and thus obtain the first matrix X associated with the first signal. In a sensing scenario with separate transceiver, the first communication device is the device performing the sensing function and can obtain the first data based on the second signal. For example, the received echo signal (i.e., the second signal) is demodulated using the demodulation principle of communication to recover the original signal, and then the original signal is modulated to obtain the first signal, thereby obtaining the data carried by the first signal (e.g., first data), and then obtaining the matrix X associated with the first signal.

[0266] S305. The first communication device is based on the inverse matrix X of the first matrix X. -1 The perception result is determined by the second matrix Y.

[0267] This process can be understood by referring to the previous introductions to the first matrix X, the second matrix Y, and the third matrix H.

[0268] In the solution provided in this application embodiment, the second communication device uses a first matrix X associated with a first signal modulated by a first constellation diagram and a second constellation diagram to transmit a first signal. The first communication device can also receive the echo signal (second signal) of the first signal. The first communication device can transmit a second signal based on a second matrix Y indicated by the second signal and the inverse matrix X of the first matrix X associated with the first signal. -1 The sensing results are determined, thereby enabling sensing through the communication process. Because the elements in the first matrix X are modulated using a first constellation diagram and a second constellation diagram (the second constellation diagram differs from the first), compared to using only one constellation diagram for signal modulation, the probability of ill-conditioned first matrix X is reduced (through multiple simulations, the probability of ill-conditioned first matrix X obtained using the method described in this application is almost zero). Thus, the communication quality of the first signal is not affected, and the echo signal of the first signal can be used for sensing, improving resource utilization.

[0269] Optionally, the first communication device also receives a third signal, which is the signal that the first signal has been transmitted to the first communication device. In this case, S304 can obtain the first data based on the third signal. This process can be, for example, by processing the received third signal using the demodulation principle of communication to obtain the first signal, thereby obtaining the data carried by the first signal (i.e., the first data), and then obtaining the matrix X associated with the first signal. For example, a fourth matrix Z is determined based on the third data carried by the third signal, where Z can be understood as the representation of the third data; subsequently, X is obtained based on Z = XC. Here, C represents the channel matrix corresponding to the third signal (i.e., the channel that the first signal emitted by the second communication device experiences before reaching the first communication device without reflection, or in other words, the conventional communication channel between the second and first communication devices). This application does not limit the method for obtaining C; it can be by instruction, prior agreement, or measurement, etc.

[0270] The process of obtaining the first data (i.e., obtaining the first matrix) in S301 or S304 above can be carried out in various ways, such as: by using a preset mapping relationship, by determining the modulation order through CQI, or by using a CQI hybrid scaling constellation diagram. These will be described in detail below.

[0271] 1. Obtain the first matrix X through a pre-defined mapping relationship;

[0272] The first, second, and third communication devices can all be configured with a mapping relationship between ports, subcarriers, and constellation diagrams. The second communication device can use this mapping relationship to modulate the original signal to obtain a first matrix X indicating the first signal. The third communication device can use this mapping relationship to demodulate the signal. The first communication device can use this mapping relationship to demodulate the second signal using the demodulation principle of communication to recover the original signal, and then modulate the original signal to obtain the first signal, thereby obtaining the first matrix associated with the first signal.

[0273] The process by which the second communication device obtains the first matrix X can be as follows: the second communication device maps the N*N elements in the original matrix X′ associated with the original signal before modulation, alternating between a first constellation diagram and a second constellation diagram, according to rows or columns, to obtain the first matrix X. Thus, the first element and the second element are alternately distributed in the rows and columns of the first matrix X. In this application, "alternating distribution" means that elements adjacent to the first element in the same row and column are all second elements, and elements adjacent to the second element in the same row and column are all first elements. This can be understood as elements in the same row being obtained by alternating mapping using the first constellation diagram and the second constellation diagram, and elements in the same column also being obtained by alternating mapping using the first constellation diagram and the second constellation diagram.

[0274] The process by which the first communication device acquires the first matrix X is related to either a transceiver integrated scenario or a transceiver separate scenario. Please refer to the introduction in section S304 above for a better understanding.

[0275] During modulation, the aforementioned first or second communication device uses a pre-configured mapping relationship between ports, subcarriers, and constellation diagrams. This mapping relationship determines the constellation diagram corresponding to each element in the original matrix X′. Specifically, during modulation, the first or second constellation diagram corresponding to each element in the original matrix X′ is determined through a mapping relationship. Specifically, in the mapping relationship, the k-th subcarrier of the n-th port corresponds to the first constellation diagram, and the (k+1)-th subcarrier corresponds to the second constellation diagram; conversely, in the mapping relationship, the k-th subcarrier of the (n+1)-th port corresponds to the second constellation diagram, and the (k+1)-th subcarrier corresponds to the first constellation diagram. Here, k is an integer greater than or equal to 0, and n = 1, 2, ..., N.

[0276] The mapping relationship between ports, subcarriers, and constellation diagrams can be represented in tabular form. For example, if N=2, the above mapping relationship can be represented in a table as follows:

[0277] Table 3: Mapping relationship between ports, subcarriers and constellation diagram

[0278]

[0279] For example, if N = 3, the above mapping relationship can be represented in a table as follows:

[0280] Table 4: Mapping Relationship between Ports, Subcarriers, and Constellation Diagram

[0281]

[0282] For example, if N = 4, the above mapping relationship can be represented in a table as follows:

[0283] Table 5: Mapping relationship between ports, subcarriers and constellation diagram

[0284]

[0285] It should be noted that the above three tables illustrate the mapping relationship when N=2, 3, and 4. In fact, N can also take values ​​greater than 4. For the tables when N is greater than 4, please refer to the three tables above for understanding. They will not be listed here one by one.

[0286] Regarding the mapping relationship between the elements of the original matrix X′ and the constellation diagram, taking a 2x2 matrix X′ as an example, this 2x2 original matrix... For the relationship with the first and second constellation charts, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 5A To understand. For example Figure 5A As shown, the relationship between the first and second constellation diagrams is as follows: Figure 4A For example, according to the mapping relationship shown in Table 3 above, x′1(k) and x′2(k+1) correspond to the first constellation diagram. Thus, x′1(k) and x′2(k+1) can be mapped to two different constellation points in the first constellation diagram, resulting in x1(k) corresponding to x′1(k) and x2(k+1) corresponding to x′2(k+1). Similarly, according to the mapping relationship shown in Table 3 above, x′2(k) and x′1(k+1) correspond to the second constellation diagram. Thus, x′2(k) and x′1(k+1) can be mapped to two different constellation points in the second constellation diagram, resulting in x2(k) corresponding to x′2(k) and x1(k+1) corresponding to x′1(k+1). After mapping all elements of the original matrix X′ of the original signal association, the first matrix of the first signal association is obtained. Among them, x1(k) and x2(k+1) can be called the first element, and x2(k) and x1(k+1) can be called the second element. The two first elements and the two second elements are distributed alternately in the rows and columns.

[0287] Taking the original matrix X′ as an example, which is a 4x4 matrix, this 4x4 original matrix... For the relationship with the first and second constellation charts, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 5B To understand. For example Figure 5B As shown, the relationship between the first and second constellation diagrams is as follows: Figure 4B For example, according to the mapping relationship shown in Table 5 above, it can be seen that x′1(k), x′1(k+2), x′2(k+1), x′2(k+3), x′3(k), x′3(k+2), x′4(k+1), and x′4(k+3) correspond to the first constellation diagram, that is, in Figure 5B The elements enclosed in an elliptical dashed frame are in Figure 5B The dashed arrows point to the first constellation diagram. Thus, x′1(k), x′1(k+2), x′2(k+1), x′2(k+3), x′3(k), x′3(k+2), x′4(k+1), and x′4(k+3) can be mapped to eight different constellation points in the first constellation diagram, resulting in x1(k), x1(k+2), x2(k+1), x2(k+3), x3(k), x3(k+2), x4(k+1), and x4(k+3). According to the mapping relationships shown in Table 5 above, x′1(k+1), x′1(k+3), x′2(k), x′2(k+2), x′3(k+1), x′3(k+3), x′4(k), and x′4(k+2) correspond to the second constellation diagram, that is, in... Figure 5B The elements enclosed in a solid rectangle in the middle Figure 5BThe solid arrow points to the second constellation diagram. Thus, x′1(k+1), x′1(k+3), x′2(k), x′2(k+2), x′3(k+1), x′3(k+3), x′4(k), and x′4(k+2) can be mapped to eight different constellation points in the second constellation diagram, resulting in x1(k+1), x1(k+3), x2(k), x2(k+2), x3(k+1), x3(k+3), x4(k), and x4(k+2). After mapping all elements of the original matrix X′, the first matrix is ​​obtained. Among them, x1(k), x1(k+2), x2(k+1), x2(k+3), x3(k), x3(k+2), x4(k+1), and x4(k+3) can be called the first element, and x1(k+1), x1(k+3), x2(k), x2(k+2), x3(k+1), x3(k+3), x4(k), and x4(k+2) can be called the second element. The eight first elements and the eight second elements are distributed alternately in the rows and columns.

[0288] The first signal is obtained by modulating the original signal using the first constellation diagram and the second constellation diagram. The first matrix X associated with the first signal is obtained by extensive simulation experiments. The probability of ill-conditioned matrix X associated with the 2*2 original matrix associated with the original signal being modulated using any one of QPSK, 16-QAM or 64-QAM is shown in Table 6.

[0289] Table 6: Probability of ill-conditioned matrix occurrence under different modulation schemes

[0290] Modulation method The probability of an ill-conditioned matrix appearing QPSK 0 / 10000 16-QAM 0 / 10000 64-QAM 0 / 10000

[0291] As can be seen from Table 6, the probability of the first matrix X associated with the first signal obtained by modulation through the first constellation diagram and the second constellation diagram being ill-conditioned has been reduced to 0. In this way, it will not affect the communication and can improve the accuracy of the sensing results.

[0292] 2. Methods for determining the modulation order using CQI;

[0293] The second constellation diagram described above is obtained by scaling down the first constellation diagram and belongs to the same type of constellation diagram. In this application, different types of constellation diagrams can also be used for modulation at different ports, such as: the first constellation diagram is the constellation diagram corresponding to QPSK, and the second constellation diagram is the constellation diagram corresponding to 16-QAM, or the first constellation diagram is the constellation diagram corresponding to 16-QAM, and the second constellation diagram is the constellation diagram corresponding to 64-QAM, etc., and various possible combinations of constellation diagrams corresponding to different types of modulation methods.

[0294] In this embodiment, the modulation method is related to the channel quality indicator (CQI). The relationship between the modulation method and CQI can be understood by referring to Table 7. As shown in Table 7, a 4-bit CQI table is used as an example for illustration:

[0295] Table 7: 4-bit CQI table

[0296]

[0297] As shown in Table 7, different CQI indices correspond to different modulation schemes, such as: index 6 corresponds to QPSK, index 7 corresponds to 16-QAM, and index 10 corresponds to 64-QAM. Each CQI index also has a corresponding code rate and communication spectral efficiency.

[0298] In this embodiment of the application, the communication process of determining the modulation order through a channel quality indicator (CQI) can be found in [reference needed]. Figure 6A To understand, such as Figure 6A As shown, the process includes:

[0299] S601. The third communication device determines the first CQI for communicating with the second communication device.

[0300] This step could involve a third communication device performing channel measurements using a channel state information reference signal (CQI) to determine the first CQI for communication with the second communication device.

[0301] S602. The third communication device sends a first CQI to the second communication device. Correspondingly, the second communication device receives the first CQI.

[0302] S603. The second communication device determines the first constellation diagram corresponding to the first CQI.

[0303] This step could be that the second communication device can determine the modulation order corresponding to the first CQI and the CQI table, and then determine the first constellation diagram.

[0304] S604. The second communication device determines the second CQI based on the first CQI, and determines the second constellation diagram corresponding to the second CQI.

[0305] This step may involve the second communication device randomly selecting a second CQI from the CQI table that corresponds to a modulation scheme with a different modulation order than the first CQI, thereby determining the second constellation diagram.

[0306] In this embodiment, the second CQI can be determined by communication spectrum efficiency. The second communication device can select a second CQI with similar communication spectrum efficiency based on the communication spectrum efficiency corresponding to the first CQI. For example, if the index of the first CQI is 8, the corresponding modulation scheme is 16-QAM, and the first constellation diagram is the constellation diagram corresponding to 16-QAM. Based on the principle of similar communication spectrum efficiency, the efficiency corresponding to CQI index 8 is 1.9141. Therefore, the second CQI can be selected with a CQI index of 6 (corresponding to QPSK) or 10 (corresponding to 64-QAM), which ensures that the modulation scheme is different from that when CQI index is 8, while also making the communication spectrum efficiency of the second CQI close to that of the first CQI.

[0307] S605. The second communication device modulates the original signal to generate the first signal.

[0308] Once the first and second constellation diagrams are determined, the N data streams can be modulated to obtain the first data. The N data streams correspond one-to-one with the N modulation orders, and the constellation diagrams corresponding to the N modulation orders include the first and second constellation diagrams.

[0309] like Figure 6B As shown, taking N=2 as an example, the original signal may include data stream 1 and data stream 2. The second communication device maps data stream 1 using a QPSK constellation diagram and then modulates it into an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol signal, which is then transmitted through port 1. Similarly, it maps data stream 2 using a 16-QAM constellation diagram and then modulates it into an OFDM symbol signal, which is also transmitted through port 2. The signals transmitted through port 1 and port 2 are collectively referred to as the first signal.

[0310] It should be noted that in the NR physical layer, the data from the service streams from the upper layers, after channel coding, is called a codeword. Different codewords can distinguish different data streams, the purpose of which is to transmit multiple data streams via MIMO and achieve spatial multiplexing. Since the number of codewords is inconsistent with the number of transmit antennas, layer mapping and precoding are required to map the codeword streams to different transmit antennas.

[0311] The process of the second communication device sending the first signal, and the first signal being received by the third communication device, or the echo signal of the first signal after being reflected or scattered by the sensing target being received and processed by the first communication device, can be understood by referring to the previous introduction, and will not be described again here.

[0312] S606. The second communication device sends a first instruction message to the first communication device. Correspondingly, the first communication device receives the first instruction message.

[0313] The first instruction information is used to indicate the first constellation diagram and the second constellation diagram.

[0314] In this application, the first indication information may include multiple bits, with some bits indicating the first constellation diagram and others indicating the second constellation diagram; the first indication information may also be two CQIs, used to indicate the modulation order corresponding to the first constellation diagram and the modulation order corresponding to the second constellation diagram, respectively. In this way, the first communication device can improve demodulation accuracy when demodulating echo data.

[0315] S607. The second communication device sends a second instruction message to the third communication device. Correspondingly, the third communication device receives the second instruction message.

[0316] The second instruction is used to indicate the second constellation diagram.

[0317] The second indication information can be used to indicate the second CQI, and the third communication device can determine the second constellation diagram based on the second CQI and, for example, the CQI table in Table 7 above.

[0318] In the various embodiments described above, the first communication device and the second communication device may be the same communication device or different communication devices, which will be described below with reference to different accompanying drawings.

[0319] like Figure 7 As shown, the first communication device and the second communication device can be the same communication device. In this scenario, the second communication device does not need to send the aforementioned data to the first communication device. Figure 6A The first instruction information in the process only needs to be sent to the third communication device. Figure 6A The second instruction information in the document.

[0320] like Figure 8A As shown, the first communication device and the second communication device are different communication devices. In this scenario, the second communication device needs to send the aforementioned data to the first communication device. Figure 6A The first instruction information in the above is sent to the third communication device. Figure 6A The second instruction information in the document.

[0321] like Figure 8B As shown, the first communication device and the second communication device are different communication devices. In this scenario, the second communication device needs to send the aforementioned data to the first communication device. Figure 6A The first instruction information in the above is sent to the third communication device. Figure 6A The second instruction information in the document.

[0322] 3. CQI's hybrid scaling constellation diagram method;

[0323] The first method described above introduces how to obtain the second constellation diagram by scaling the first constellation diagram. The second method introduces how to determine the first and second constellation diagrams using CQI. In fact, the two methods can be used in combination.

[0324] For example, if the index of the first CQI fed back by the third communication device is 7, it indicates that the first constellation diagram is a 16-QAM constellation diagram. The code rate (CR) = 378 / 1024 = 0.369. The power of this 16-QAM constellation diagram can be increased. Keep the modulation method unchanged, but increase the bit rate. For example, increase it from 0.369 at index 7 to 616 / 1024 = 0.6 at index 9 or 490 / 1024 = 0.478 at index 8. For example, use this modulation method for the signal at port 1 and increase the bit rate.

[0325] The second constellation chart can adopt the approach described in the second method, for example, by reducing the power of the constellation chart. Choose a low-order QPSK modulation, and then reduce the power of the constellation diagram to, for example, index 6, but the bit rate of index 6 is 602 / 1024 = 0.578.

[0326] The communication system and communication method in the embodiments of this application have been described above. The communication device provided in the embodiments of this application will be described below.

[0327] Please see Figure 9 This application provides a communication device 900, which can realize the functions of the first or second communication device in the above method embodiments, and thus also achieve the beneficial effects of the above method embodiments. In this application embodiment, the communication device 900 can be a communication device or an integrated circuit or component inside a communication device, such as a chip, baseband chip, modem chip, SoC chip (e.g., an SoC chip containing a modem core), SIP chip, communication module, chip system, processor, etc.

[0328] It should be noted that the transceiver unit 902 may include a transmitting unit and a receiving unit, which are used to perform transmitting and receiving respectively.

[0329] In one possible implementation, when the device 900 is for performing Figure 3When the method executed by the first communication device in the relevant embodiments is performed, the device 900 includes a processing unit 901 and a transceiver unit 902; the transceiver unit 902 is used to receive a second signal; wherein the second signal is the echo signal of the first signal sent by the second communication device, the second signal indicates a second matrix Y, and the second matrix Y includes N*1 elements; the processing unit 901 is used to acquire first data; wherein the first data indicates a first matrix X associated with the first signal, the first matrix X includes N*N elements, the first element in the first matrix X is obtained by modulation using a first constellation diagram, and the second element is obtained by modulation using a second constellation diagram; the first element and the second element are adjacent in the same row or adjacent in the same column, the second constellation diagram is different from the first constellation diagram, and N is an integer greater than 1; based on the inverse matrix X of the first matrix X, the process unit 901 acquires first data; the first data indicates a first matrix X associated with the first signal, the first matrix X includes N*N elements, the first element in the first matrix X is obtained by modulation using a first constellation diagram, and the second element is obtained by modulation using a second constellation diagram; the first element and the second element are adjacent in the same row or adjacent in the same column, the second constellation diagram is different from the first constellation diagram, and N is an integer greater than 1; the process unit 901 acquires first data based on the inverse matrix X of the first matrix X. -1 The perception result is determined by the second matrix Y.

[0330] In one possible implementation, when the device 900 is for performing Figure 3 When the method executed by the second communication device in the relevant embodiments is used, the device 900 includes a processing unit 901 and a transceiver unit 902. The processing unit 901 is used to acquire first data; wherein the first data indicates a first matrix X, the first matrix X includes N*N elements, the first element in the first matrix X is obtained by modulation using a first constellation diagram, and the second element is obtained by modulation using a second constellation diagram; the first element and the second element are adjacent in the same row or in the same column, the second constellation diagram is different from the first constellation diagram, and N is an integer greater than 1. The transceiver unit 902 is used to transmit a first signal; wherein the first signal carries the first data.

[0331] In one possible design, when the communication device 900 is a communication module in a terminal device or network device, the function of the processing unit 901 can be implemented by one or more processors. Specifically, the processor may include a modem chip, a SoC chip (such as a SoC chip containing a modem core), or a SIP chip. The function of the transceiver unit 902 can be implemented by transceiver circuitry.

[0332] In one possible design, when the communication device 900 is a circuit or chip responsible for communication functions in a terminal device or network device, such as a modem chip, a SoC chip, or a SoC chip or SIP chip containing a modem core, the function of the processing unit 901 can be implemented by a circuit system in the aforementioned chip that includes one or more processors or processor cores. The function of the transceiver unit 902 can be implemented by the interface circuitry or data transceiver circuitry on the aforementioned chip.

[0333] It should be noted that the execution process of the unit of the aforementioned communication device 900 can be found in the description of the method embodiment shown above in this application, and will not be repeated here.

[0334] Please see Figure 10 This is another schematic structural diagram of the communication device 1000 provided in this application. The communication device 1000 includes a logic circuit 1001 and an input / output interface 1002. The communication device 1000 can be a chip or an integrated circuit.

[0335] in, Figure 9 The transceiver unit 902 shown can be a communication interface, which can be... Figure 10 The input / output interface 1002 may include an input interface and an output interface. Alternatively, the communication interface may also be a transceiver circuit, which may include an input interface circuit and an output interface circuit.

[0336] In one possible implementation, when the device 1000 is used for performing Figure 3 When the method executed by the first communication device in the relevant embodiments is performed, the input / output interface 1002 is used to receive a second signal; wherein, the second signal is the echo signal of the first signal sent by the second communication device, the second signal indicates a second matrix Y, and the second matrix Y includes N*1 elements; the logic circuit 1001 is used to acquire first data; wherein, the first data indicates a first matrix X associated with the first signal, the first matrix X includes N*N elements, the first element in the first matrix X is obtained by modulation using a first constellation diagram, and the second element is obtained by modulation using a second constellation diagram; the first element and the second element are adjacent in the same row or adjacent in the same column, the second constellation diagram is different from the first constellation diagram, and N is an integer greater than 1; based on the inverse matrix X of the first matrix X, the following steps are taken: -1 The perception result is determined by the second matrix Y.

[0337] In one possible implementation, when the device 1000 is used for performing Figure 3 When the method executed by the second communication device in the relevant embodiments is performed, the logic circuit 1001 is used to acquire first data; wherein, the first data indicates a first matrix X, the first matrix X includes N*N elements, the first element in the first matrix X is obtained by modulation using a first constellation diagram, and the second element is obtained by modulation using a second constellation diagram; the first element and the second element are adjacent in the same row or adjacent in the same column, the second constellation diagram is different from the first constellation diagram, and N is an integer greater than 1; the input / output interface 1002 is used to send a first signal; wherein, the first signal carries the first data.

[0338] The logic circuit 1001 and the input / output interface 1002 can also perform other steps performed by the first or second communication device in any embodiment and achieve corresponding beneficial effects, which will not be elaborated here.

[0339] In one possible implementation, Figure 9 The processing unit 901 shown can be Figure 10 The logic circuit 1001 in the middle.

[0340] Optionally, the logic circuit 1001 can be a processing device, the functions of which can be partially or entirely implemented in software.

[0341] Optionally, the processing apparatus may include a memory and a processor, wherein the memory is used to store a computer program, and the processor reads and executes the computer program stored in the memory to perform the corresponding processing and / or steps in any of the method embodiments.

[0342] Optionally, the processing device may consist of only a processor. A memory for storing computer programs is located outside the processing device, and the processor is connected to the memory via circuitry / wires to read and execute the computer programs stored in the memory. The memory and processor may be integrated together or physically independent of each other.

[0343] Optionally, the processing device may be one or more chips, or one or more integrated circuits. For example, the processing device may be one or more field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), system on-chips (SoCs), central processing units (CPUs), network processors (NPs), digital signal processors (DSPs), microcontroller units (MCUs), programmable logic controllers (PLDs), or other integrated chips, or any combination of the above chips or processors.

[0344] Please see Figure 11 The communication device 1100 mentioned in the above embodiments provided for the purposes of this application can specifically be the communication device serving as a terminal device in the above embodiments. Figure 11 The example shown is implemented by the terminal device (or a component within the terminal device).

[0345] The present invention provides a possible logical structure diagram of the communication device 1100, which may include, but is not limited to, at least one processor 1101 and a communication port 1102.

[0346] in, Figure 9 The transceiver unit 902 shown can be a communication interface, which can be... Figure 11 The communication port 1102 may include an input interface and an output interface. Alternatively, the communication port 1102 may also be a transceiver circuit, which may include an input interface circuit and an output interface circuit.

[0347] Further optionally, the device may also include at least one of a memory 1103 and a bus 1104. In the embodiments of this application, the at least one processor 1101 is used to control the operation of the communication device 1100.

[0348] Furthermore, the processor 1101 can be a central processing unit, a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, transistor logic devices, hardware components, or any combination thereof. It can implement or execute the various exemplary logic blocks, modules, and circuits described in conjunction with the disclosure of this application. The processor can also be a combination that implements computing functions, such as a combination of one or more microprocessors, a combination of a digital signal processor and a microprocessor, etc. Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0349] It should be noted that, Figure 11 The communication device 1100 shown can be used to implement the steps implemented by the terminal device in the aforementioned method embodiments, and to achieve the corresponding technical effects of the terminal device. Figure 11 The specific implementation of the terminal device shown can be referred to the description of the first or second communication device in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0350] Please see Figure 12 The above-described embodiments of the communication device 1200, provided as an example of the present application, are structural schematic diagrams. Specifically, the communication device 1200 can be a network device as described in the above embodiments. Figure 12 The example shown illustrates a network device implemented through a network device (or a component within a network device), the structure of which can be referenced. Figure 12 The structure shown.

[0351] The communication device 1200 includes at least one processor 1211 and at least one network interface 1214. Optionally, the communication device further includes at least one memory 1212, at least one transceiver 1213, and one or more antennas 1215. The processor 1211, memory 1212, transceiver 1213, and network interface 1214 are connected, for example, via a bus. In this embodiment, the connection may include various interfaces, transmission lines, or buses, etc., and this embodiment is not limited thereto. The antenna 1215 is connected to the transceiver 1213. The network interface 1214 enables the communication device to communicate with other communication devices through a communication link. For example, the network interface 1214 may include a network interface between the communication device and core network equipment, such as an S1 interface; the network interface may also include a network interface between the communication device and other communication devices (e.g., other network devices or core network equipment), such as an X2 or Xn interface.

[0352] in, Figure 9 The transceiver unit 902 shown can be a communication interface, which can be... Figure 12 The network interface 1214 may include an input interface and an output interface. Alternatively, the network interface 1214 may also be a transceiver circuit, which may include an input interface circuit and an output interface circuit.

[0353] The processor 1211 is mainly used to process the communication protocol and the first signal, control the entire communication device, execute software programs, and process the data of the software programs, for example, to support the communication device in performing the actions described in the embodiment. The communication device may include a baseband processor and a central processing unit. The baseband processor is mainly used to process the communication protocol and the first signal, while the central processing unit is mainly used to control the entire terminal device, execute software programs, and process the data of the software programs. Figure 12 The processor 1211 can integrate the functions of a baseband processor and a central processing unit. Those skilled in the art will understand that the baseband processor and the central processing unit can also be independent processors interconnected via technologies such as buses. Those skilled in the art will understand that a terminal device can include multiple baseband processors to adapt to different network standards, and a terminal device can include multiple central processing units to enhance its processing capabilities. The various components of the terminal device can be connected via various buses. The baseband processor can also be described as a baseband processing circuit or a baseband processing chip. The central processing unit can also be described as a central processing circuit or a central processing chip. The function of processing the communication protocol and the first signal can be built into the processor or stored in memory as a software program, with the processor executing the software program to implement the baseband processing function.

[0354] The memory is primarily used to store software programs and data. The memory 1212 can exist independently or be connected to the processor 1211. Optionally, the memory 1212 can be integrated with the processor 1211, for example, integrated within a single chip. The memory 1212 can store program code that executes the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and its execution is controlled by the processor 1211. The various types of computer program code being executed can also be considered as drivers for the processor 1211.

[0355] Figure 12 Only one memory and one processor are shown. In actual terminal devices, there may be multiple processors and multiple memories. Memory can also be called storage medium or storage device, etc. Memory can be a storage element on the same chip as the processor, i.e., an on-chip storage element, or it can be a separate storage element; this application does not limit this.

[0356] Transceiver 1213 can be used to support the reception or transmission of radio frequency (RF) signals between a communication device and a terminal. Transceiver 1213 can be connected to antenna 1215. Transceiver 1213 includes a transmitter Tx and a receiver Rx. Specifically, one or more antennas 1215 can receive RF signals. The receiver Rx of transceiver 1213 is used to receive the RF signals from the antennas, convert the RF signals into digital baseband signals or digital intermediate frequency (IF) signals, and provide the digital baseband signals or IF signals to processor 1211 so that processor 1211 can perform further processing on the digital baseband signals or IF signals, such as demodulation and decoding. In addition, the transmitter Tx in transceiver 1213 is also used to receive modulated digital baseband signals or IF signals from processor 1211, convert the modulated digital baseband signals or IF signals into RF signals, and transmit the RF signals through one or more antennas 1215. Specifically, the receiver Rx can selectively perform one or more stages of downmixing and analog-to-digital conversion on the radio frequency signal to obtain a digital baseband signal or a digital intermediate frequency (IF) signal. The order of these downmixing and IF conversion processes is adjustable. The transmitter Tx can selectively perform one or more stages of upmixing and digital-to-analog conversion on the modulated digital baseband signal or digital IF signal to obtain a radio frequency signal. The order of these upmixing and IF conversion processes is also adjustable. The digital baseband signal and the digital IF signal can be collectively referred to as digital signals.

[0357] The transceiver 1213 can also be called a transceiver unit, transceiver, transceiver device, etc. Optionally, the device in the transceiver unit that performs the receiving function can be regarded as the receiving unit, and the device in the transceiver unit that performs the transmitting function can be regarded as the transmitting unit. That is, the transceiver unit includes a receiving unit and a transmitting unit. The receiving unit can also be called a receiver, input port, receiving circuit, etc., and the transmitting unit can be called a transmitter, transmitter, or transmitting circuit, etc.

[0358] It should be noted that, Figure 12 The communication device 1200 shown can be used to implement the steps implemented by the network device in the aforementioned method embodiments, and to achieve the corresponding technical effects of the network device. Figure 12 The specific implementation of the communication device 1200 shown can be referred to the description of the first or second communication device in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0359] Please see Figure 13 The above-described embodiments of the communication device provided in this application are schematic diagrams of the structure of the communication device.

[0360] It is understood that the communication device 1300 includes, for example, modules, units, elements, circuits, or interfaces, etc., appropriately configured together to execute the technical solutions provided in this application. The communication device 1300 may be the terminal device or network device described above, or a component (e.g., a chip) within these devices, used to implement the methods described in the following method embodiments. The communication device 1300 includes one or more processors 1301. The processor 1301 may be a general-purpose processor or a dedicated processor, etc. For example, it may be a baseband processor or a central processing unit. The baseband processor may be used to process communication protocols and first signals, and the central processing unit may be used to control the communication device (e.g., RAN node, terminal, or chip, etc.), execute software programs, and process data from the software programs.

[0361] Optionally, in one design, processor 1301 may include program 1303 (sometimes also referred to as code or instructions), which can be executed on processor 1301 to cause communication device 1300 to perform the methods described in the embodiments below. In yet another possible design, communication device 1300 includes circuitry (…). Figure 13 (Not shown).

[0362] Optionally, the communication device 1300 may include one or more memories 1302 storing a program 1304 (sometimes referred to as code or instructions), which can be run on the processor 1301 to cause the communication device 1300 to perform the methods described in the above method embodiments.

[0363] Optionally, the processor 1301 and / or memory 1302 may include AI modules 1307 and 1308, which are used to implement AI-related functions. The AI ​​modules can be implemented through software, hardware, or a combination of both. For example, the AI ​​module may include a radio intelligence control (RIC) module. For example, the AI ​​module may be a near real-time RIC or a non-real-time RIC.

[0364] Optionally, the processor 1301 and / or memory 1302 may include sensing modules 1309 and 1310, which are used to implement communication or sensing-related functions. The sensing modules may be implemented through software, hardware, or a combination of both.

[0365] Optionally, the AI ​​module and the synesthesia module mentioned above can be separate modules or composite modules, and this application does not limit them in this regard.

[0366] Optionally, the processor 1301 and / or memory 1302 may also store data. The processor and memory may be configured separately or integrated together.

[0367] Optionally, the communication device 1300 may further include a transceiver 1305 and / or an antenna 1306. The processor 1301, sometimes referred to as a processing unit, controls the communication device (e.g., a RAN node or terminal). The transceiver 1305, sometimes referred to as a transceiver unit, transceiver, transceiver circuit, or transceiver, is used to realize the transmission and reception functions of the communication device through the antenna 1306.

[0368] in, Figure 9 The processing unit 901 shown may be a processor 1301. Figure 9 The transceiver unit 902 shown can be a communication interface, which can be... Figure 13 The transceiver 1305 may include an input interface and an output interface. Alternatively, the transceiver 1305 may also be a transceiver circuit, which may include an input interface circuit and an output interface circuit.

[0369] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium for storing one or more computer-executable instructions. When the computer-executable instructions are executed by a processor, the processor performs the method described in the possible implementations of the first or second communication device in the foregoing embodiments.

[0370] This application also provides a computer program product (or computer program) that, when executed by a processor, executes the method described above for the possible implementation of the first or second communication device.

[0371] This application also provides a chip system including at least one processor for supporting a communication device in implementing the functions involved in the possible implementations of the communication device described above. Optionally, the chip system further includes an interface circuit that provides program instructions and / or data to the at least one processor. In one possible design, the chip system may also include a memory for storing the program instructions and data necessary for the communication device. The chip system may be composed of chips or may include chips and other discrete devices, wherein the communication device may specifically be the first communication device or the second communication device in the aforementioned method embodiments.

[0372] This application also provides a communication system, which includes the first communication device in any of the above embodiments.

[0373] Optionally, the communication system may also include a second communication device.

[0374] In the embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection between devices or units, and may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms. Whether a function is implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0375] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0376] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit. If the integrated unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

Claims

1. A communication method, characterized in that, The method is applied to a first communication device, and the method includes: Receive a second signal; wherein the second signal is the echo signal of the first signal sent by the second communication device, the second signal indicates a second matrix Y, and the second matrix Y includes N*1 elements; Acquire first data; wherein the first data indicates a first matrix X associated with the first signal, the first matrix X includes N*N elements, the first element in the first matrix X is obtained by modulation using a first constellation diagram, and the second element is obtained by modulation using a second constellation diagram; the first element and the second element are adjacent in the same row or adjacent in the same column, the second constellation diagram is different from the first constellation diagram, and N is an integer greater than 1; Based on the inverse matrix X of the first matrix X -1 The perception result is determined by the second matrix Y.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The acquisition of the first data includes: The first data is obtained based on the second signal.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: receiving a third signal, wherein the third signal is a signal that the first signal has been transmitted to the first communication device; Correspondingly, obtaining the first data includes: The first data is obtained based on the third signal.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The inverse matrix X based on the first matrix -1 The perception result is determined by the second matrix Y, including: Based on the inverse matrix X of the first matrix -1 The third matrix H is determined by the second matrix Y, and the third matrix H includes N*1 elements, wherein the N*1 elements in the third matrix H are the perception results.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first matrix X, the second matrix Y, and the third matrix H satisfy: Wherein, the first matrix The second matrix The third matrix k represents the k-th subcarrier, x n (k) represents the element on the kth subcarrier corresponding to the nth port, where n = 1, 2, ..., N, and k is an integer greater than or equal to 0.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The phase of the constellation points on the second constellation diagram is the same as the phase of the corresponding constellation points on the first constellation diagram, but the amplitudes are different.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The first element and the second element are alternately distributed in the rows of the first matrix X, and alternately distributed in the columns of the first matrix X.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The method further includes: determining, based on the mapping relationship, that the first element in the first matrix X is obtained by modulation using a first constellation diagram, and the second element in the first matrix X is obtained by modulation using a second constellation diagram; wherein, in the mapping relationship, the kth subcarrier of the nth port corresponds to the first constellation diagram, and the (k+1)th subcarrier corresponds to the second constellation diagram; in the mapping relationship, the kth subcarrier of the (n+1)th port corresponds to the second constellation diagram, and the (k+1)th subcarrier corresponds to the first constellation diagram, where n = 1, 2, ..., N.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The N*N elements also include a third element, which is obtained by modulating a third constellation diagram, and the third constellation diagram is different from the first constellation diagram and the second constellation diagram.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The second constellation diagram corresponds to a different modulation order than the first constellation diagram.

11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that, The first constellation diagram is determined by the second communication device based on the channel quality indication reported by the third communication device, which is the communication receiving end of the first signal.

12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that, The communication spectrum efficiency corresponding to the second constellation diagram is within a first threshold range as the communication spectrum efficiency of the first constellation diagram, and the communication spectrum efficiency is related to the modulation order.

13. The method according to any one of claims 10-12, characterized in that, When the first communication device and the second communication device are different communication devices, the method further includes: Receive first indication information, which is used to indicate the first constellation diagram and the second constellation diagram.

14. A communication method, characterized in that, The method includes: Obtain first data; wherein, the first data indicates a first matrix X, the first matrix X includes N*N elements, the first element in the first matrix X is obtained by modulation using a first constellation diagram, and the second element is obtained by modulation using a second constellation diagram; the first element and the second element are adjacent in the same row or adjacent in the same column, the second constellation diagram is different from the first constellation diagram, and N is an integer greater than 1; Send a first signal; wherein the first signal carries the first data.

15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that, The phase of the constellation points on the second constellation diagram is the same as the phase of the corresponding constellation points on the first constellation diagram, but the amplitudes are different.

16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that, The first element and the second element are alternately distributed in the rows of the first matrix X, and alternately distributed in the columns of the first matrix X.

17. The method according to any one of claims 14-16, characterized in that, The method further includes: determining, based on the mapping relationship, that the first element in the first matrix X is obtained by modulation using a first constellation diagram, and the second element in the first matrix X is obtained by modulation using a second constellation diagram; wherein, in the mapping relationship, the kth subcarrier of the nth port corresponds to the first constellation diagram, and the (k+1)th subcarrier corresponds to the second constellation diagram; in the mapping relationship, the kth subcarrier of the (n+1)th port corresponds to the second constellation diagram, and the (k+1)th subcarrier corresponds to the first constellation diagram, where k is an integer greater than or equal to 0, and n = 1, 2, ..., N.

18. The method according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that, The N*N elements also include a third element, which is obtained by modulating a third constellation diagram, and the third constellation diagram is different from the first constellation diagram and the second constellation diagram.

19. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that, The second constellation diagram corresponds to a different modulation order than the first constellation diagram.

20. The method according to claim 19, characterized in that, The method further includes: Receive a channel quality indication from a third communication device, which is the communication receiver of the first signal; The first constellation diagram is determined based on the channel quality indication.

21. The method according to claim 20, characterized in that, The method further includes: The second constellation diagram is determined, and the communication spectrum efficiency corresponding to the second constellation diagram is within a first threshold range from the communication spectrum efficiency of the first constellation diagram. The communication spectrum efficiency is related to the modulation order.

22. The method according to claim 21, characterized in that, When the first communication device and the second communication device are different communication devices, the method further includes: Send a first indication message to the first communication device, the first indication message being used to indicate the first constellation diagram and the second constellation diagram.

23. The method according to claim 21, characterized in that, The method further includes: Send a second instruction message to the third communication device, the second instruction message being used to indicate the second constellation diagram.

24. The method according to any one of claims 14-23, characterized in that, The acquisition of the first data includes The first data is obtained by modulating N data streams; wherein, the N data streams correspond one-to-one with N modulation orders, and the constellation diagrams corresponding to the N modulation orders include the first constellation diagram and the second constellation diagram.

25. A communication device, characterized in that, It includes at least one processor, said at least one processor being configured to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 13, or said at least one processor being configured to perform the method as described in any one of claims 14 to 24.

26. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program or instructions that, when executed by a communication device, implement the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 13, or implement the method as described in any one of claims 14 to 24.

27. A computer program product, characterized in that, It includes a computer program or instructions that, when executed by a computer, implement the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 13, or implement the method as described in any one of claims 14 to 24.

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