Photovoltaic module

Abstract

This application relates to a photovoltaic module, specifically in the field of photovoltaic technology. The photovoltaic module includes a laminate comprising a first cover plate, a second cover plate, an adhesive strip, an encapsulant film, and a battery string. The first cover plate includes a first plate body and a first protrusion. The second cover plate includes a second plate body and a second protrusion. The first protrusion protrudes towards the second plate body relative to the first plate body, and the second protrusion protrudes towards the first plate body relative to the second plate body. The encapsulant film includes a connected film body and an edge portion. The adhesive strip and the film body are located between the first and second plate bodies. The battery string is located within the film body. The first and second protrusions are located between the adhesive strip and the film body, and the edge portion is located between the first and second protrusions. During the design lifespan of the photovoltaic module, the possibility of significant performance degradation or even failure of the adhesive strip and the film body is relatively small; therefore, the operational reliability and service life of the photovoltaic module are relatively high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, and more particularly to a photovoltaic module. Background Technology

[0002] A photovoltaic (PV) module comprises an interconnected laminate and a frame. The laminate contains multiple solar cells that absorb sunlight and convert it into electrical energy. However, the reliability and lifespan of PV modules still need improvement in related technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides a photovoltaic module, which includes a laminate, the laminate including a first cover plate, a second cover plate, an adhesive strip, an encapsulated film, and a battery string. The first cover plate includes a first plate body and a first protrusion, the second cover plate includes a second plate body and a second protrusion, the first protrusion protrudes toward the second plate body relative to the first plate body, and the second protrusion protrudes toward the first plate body relative to the second plate body. The encapsulated film includes a film body and an edge portion connected together, the adhesive strip and the film body are located between the first plate body and the second plate body, the battery string is located inside the film body, the first protrusion and the second protrusion are located between the adhesive strip and the film body, and the edge portion is located between the first protrusion and the second protrusion.

[0004] Optionally, the first protrusion includes a first surface away from the first plate, and the second protrusion includes a second surface away from the second plate. In a first direction, the first surface and the second surface face each other, and there is a first gap between the first surface and the second surface.

[0005] Optionally, the first spacing is 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm.

[0006] Optionally, the first cover plate further includes a first recessed portion, which is recessed into the first protrusion from the first surface. The second cover plate further includes a third protrusion, which protrudes from the second surface into the first recessed portion. In the second direction, the width of the first recessed portion is greater than the width of the third protrusion. The portion of the third protrusion that is away from the second surface is located inside the first recessed portion. The inner surface of the first recessed portion and the outer surface of the third protrusion are spaced apart. The first direction intersects the second direction.

[0007] Optionally, in the second direction, the second protrusion is located between the adhesive strip and the first protrusion, and the first protrusion is located between the second protrusion and the membrane body; in the first direction, the second interval distance between the first protrusion and the second plate is less than the height of the second protrusion, and the third interval distance between the second protrusion and the first plate is less than the height of the first protrusion, and the first direction intersects with the second direction.

[0008] Optionally, in the second direction, there is a fourth interval distance between the first protrusion and the second protrusion, and either the second interval distance or the third interval distance is greater than the fourth interval distance.

[0009] This application also provides a photovoltaic module, which includes a laminate, the laminate including a first cover plate, a second cover plate, an adhesive strip, an encapsulated film, and a battery string. The first cover plate includes a first plate body and a first protrusion, the second cover plate includes a second plate body and a second protrusion, the encapsulated film includes a film body and an edge portion, the first protrusion protrudes relative to the first plate body toward the second plate body, the second protrusion protrudes relative to the second plate body toward the first plate body, the adhesive strip is located between the first plate body and the second protrusion, the film body is located between the first plate body and the second plate body, the battery string is located inside the film body, the first protrusion is located between the second protrusion and the film body, and the edge portion is located between the first protrusion and the second plate body and between the first protrusion and the second protrusion.

[0010] Optionally, in the second direction, there is a fifth interval between the first protrusion and the second protrusion, and in the first direction, there is a sixth interval between the first protrusion and the second plate. The fifth interval is smaller than the sixth interval, and the first direction intersects with the second direction.

[0011] Optionally, the first plate includes a third surface facing the second plate, a first protrusion protruding relative to the third surface, and the first cover plate also includes a second recessed portion recessed relative to the third surface into the first plate. The second recessed portion is located on the side of the first protrusion closest to the second protrusion, and an adhesive strip connects the second protrusion and the second recessed portion.

[0012] Optionally, the second plate includes a fourth surface facing the first plate, and a second protrusion protrudes relative to the fourth surface. The second cover plate also includes a third recessed portion that is recessed into the second plate relative to the fourth surface. The third recessed portion is located on the side of the second protrusion that is close to the first protrusion. The portion of the first protrusion that is away from the first plate is located in the third recessed portion. The outer surface of the first protrusion and the inner surface of the third recessed portion are spaced apart.

[0013] In this application, the first and second protrusions occupy a portion of the space between the adhesive strip and the membrane body. From another perspective, the volume of the edge portion is relatively small, or the space occupied by the edge portion is compressed, resulting in a relatively small contact area between the adhesive strip and the edge portion. The rate at which free substances released by the adhesive strip diffuse towards the edge portion is relatively small, and correspondingly, the rate at which free substances released by the adhesive strip diffuse towards the membrane body is also relatively small. The rate at which free substances released by the edge portion and the membrane body diffuse towards the adhesive strip is relatively small. During the design lifespan of the photovoltaic module, the possibility of a significant performance degradation or even failure of the adhesive strip and the membrane body is relatively small; therefore, the operational reliability and lifespan of the photovoltaic module are relatively high.

[0014] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are merely exemplary and do not limit this application. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 The following are schematic diagrams of the structure of the photovoltaic module provided in this application in some embodiments; Figure 2 This is a partial cross-sectional view of a photovoltaic module in some embodiments; Figure 3 for Figure 2 A partially enlarged structural diagram of part A in the middle; Figure 4 for Figure 2 Exploded structural diagram of the first and second cover plates; Figure 5 This is a partial cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of a laminate that also has a first recess and a third protrusion in some embodiments; Figure 6 for Figure 5 A magnified view of part B in the middle section; Figure 7 for Figure 5 Exploded structural diagram of the first and second cover plates; Figure 8 This is a partial cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the laminate in some other embodiments; Figure 9 for Figure 8 A magnified schematic diagram of part C in the middle section; Figure 10 This is a partial cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the laminate in some other embodiments; Figure 11 for Figure 10 A partially enlarged structural diagram of section D; Figure 12 This is a partial cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the laminate in some embodiments; Figure 13 for Figure 12 A magnified schematic diagram of a portion of the structure in section E; Figure 14 for Figure 12 A partial cross-sectional view of the first cover plate; Figure 15 This is a partial cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the laminate in some other embodiments; Figure 16 for Figure 15A partially enlarged structural diagram of section F in the middle; Figure 17 for Figure 15 A partial cross-sectional view of the second cover plate.

[0017] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 10-Photovoltaic module, 1-Laminated component, 11-First cover plate, 111-First plate body, 1111-Third surface, 112-First protrusion, 1121-First surface, 1122-First sidewall, 113-First recess, 114-Second recess, 12-Second cover plate, 121-Second plate body, 1211-Fourth surface, 122-Second protrusion, 1221-Second surface, 1222-Second sidewall, 123-Third protrusion, 124-Third recess, 13-Adhesive strip, 14-Adhesive film, 141-Film body, 142-Edge portion, 2-Frame. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To better understand the technical solution of this application, the embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0019] It should be understood that the described embodiments are merely some, not all, of the embodiments described in this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments described in this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0020] The terminology used in the embodiments of this application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the application. The singular forms “a,” “the,” and “the” used in the embodiments of this application and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term “and / or” as used herein is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A alone, A and B simultaneously, and B alone.

[0021] It should be understood that the feature prefixes in this article, such as ordinal numbers like "first", "second", "third", "fourth", "fifth" and "sixth", are used to avoid confusion between different features and do not necessarily limit the features in terms of quantity.

[0022] It should be understood that, for clarity, the scale of the structures in the accompanying figures may be a scale of non-realistic structures.

[0023] It should be understood that the meaning of electrical connection can include: after two structures with conductive properties are physically connected, under the action of an electric field, one of the two physically connected structures with conductive properties can conduct electricity to the other. The physical connection used for conduction can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through other conductive media.

[0024] It should be understood that in the accompanying drawings, every two of the first direction X, the second direction Y, and the third direction Z are perpendicular to each other; the fourth direction U is the reverse of the first direction X; the fifth direction V is the reverse of the second direction Y; and the sixth direction W is the reverse of the third direction Z. The first direction X is parallel to the thickness direction of the laminate.

[0025] This application provides some embodiments of photovoltaic modules; please refer to them. Figure 1 As shown, the photovoltaic module 10 includes a laminate 1 and a frame 2, with the frame 2 disposed at the edge of the laminate 1. The frame 2 is used for detachable connection with a mounting bracket (not shown) in the application scenario, so that the photovoltaic module 10 can be fixed in the application scenario.

[0026] In some embodiments, please refer to Figures 2 to 4 As shown, the photovoltaic module 10 includes a laminate 1, which includes a first cover plate 11, a second cover plate 12, an adhesive strip 13, an encapsulated film 14, and a battery string (not shown in the figure). The first cover plate 11 includes a first plate body 111 and a first protrusion 112. The second cover plate 12 includes a second plate body 121 and a second protrusion 122. The first protrusion 112 protrudes relative to the first plate body 111 toward the second plate body 121, and the second protrusion 122 protrudes relative to the second plate body 121 toward the first plate body 111. The encapsulated film 14 includes a film body 141 and an edge portion 142 connected together. The adhesive strip 13 and the film body 141 are located between the first plate body 111 and the second plate body 121. The battery string is located inside the film body 141. The edge portion 142 is located between the first protrusion 112 and the second protrusion 122. The first protrusion 112 and the second protrusion 122 are located between the adhesive strip 13 and the film body 141.

[0027] In some embodiments, from another perspective, the first protrusion 112 and the second protrusion 122 are located between the adhesive strip 13 and the battery string, with the adhesive strip 13 being closer to the edge of the first plate 111 and the edge of the second plate 121 than the membrane body 141.

[0028] In some embodiments, the first cover plate 11 and the second cover plate 12 are respectively bonded to the adhesive strip 13, and the first cover plate 11 and the second cover plate 12 are respectively bonded to the adhesive film 14.

[0029] In some embodiments, the first plate 111 and the second plate 121 are disposed opposite each other in the first direction X.

[0030] In some embodiments, the battery string includes at least two electrically connected photovoltaic cells. A first plate 111 may be located on the light-facing side of the photovoltaic cells. The first plate 111 has high light transmittance, and sunlight passes through the first plate 111 and illuminates the light-facing side of the photovoltaic cells.

[0031] In some embodiments, the second plate 121 is located on the side of the photovoltaic cell away from the first plate 111. The second plate 121 may also have high light transmittance. Objects in the application environment (e.g., the ground, walls, water surfaces, or supports) can reflect sunlight to form ambient light, which is transmitted through the second plate 121 and illuminates the back surface of the photovoltaic cell.

[0032] In some embodiments, the side of the photovoltaic cell that is directly or primarily illuminated by sunlight is the light-facing side, and the light-facing side and the back-lighting side are opposite to each other in the first direction X.

[0033] In some embodiments, the adhesive strip 13 at least serves to prevent moisture from outside the photovoltaic module 10 from entering between the first plate 111 and the second plate 121, so that the possibility of the battery string coming into contact with moisture is relatively small, thereby making the battery string and the photovoltaic cells it includes have relatively high operational reliability and service life.

[0034] In some embodiments, the membrane body 141 at least serves to fix the battery string, which is bonded to the first plate 111 and the second plate 121 by the membrane body 141. The membrane body 141 has high light transmittance, and sunlight passes through the membrane body 141 and irradiates the photovoltaic cells.

[0035] In some embodiments, the edge portion 142 serves as the edge structure of the adhesive film 14. The edge portion 142 is located around the film body 141. The edge portion 142 is closer to the adhesive strip 13 than the film body 141, and the volume of the edge portion 142 is much smaller than the volume of the film body 141.

[0036] Under conditions where the photovoltaic module 10 has undergone a certain service life (e.g., at least one year), the adhesive strip 13 and the adhesive film 14 will face adverse factors such as high temperature (e.g., 60°C to 90°C) and ultraviolet light. High temperature and ultraviolet light cause the adhesive strip 13 to release free substances, and some of the free substances released by the adhesive strip 13 tend to diffuse into the adhesive film 14. Similarly, high temperature and ultraviolet light also cause the adhesive film 14 to release free substances, and some of the free substances released by the adhesive film 14 also tend to diffuse into the adhesive strip 13. When the adhesive strip 13 and the adhesive film 14 accumulate contact with each other's released free substances over time, relatively significant chemical and physical reactions will occur, leading to a significant reduction or even failure of the sealing performance of the adhesive strip 13. A large amount of moisture outside the photovoltaic module 10 can easily contact the battery string, causing corrosion of the conductive structure of the battery string and a reduction or even failure of the adhesive performance of the adhesive film 14. A gap exists between the adhesive film 14 and the first plate 111, resulting in significant optical loss.

[0037] In some embodiments, as described above, the first protrusion 112 and the second protrusion 122 occupy a portion of the space between the adhesive strip 13 and the membrane body 141. From another perspective, the volume of the edge portion 142 is relatively small, or the space occupied by the edge portion 142 is compressed, so that the contact area between the adhesive strip 13 and the edge portion 142 is relatively small. The rate at which free substances released by the adhesive strip 13 diffuse towards the edge portion 142 is relatively small, and correspondingly, the rate at which free substances released by the adhesive strip 13 diffuse towards the membrane body 141 is also relatively small. The rate at which free substances released by the edge portion 142 and the membrane body 141 diffuse towards the adhesive strip 13 is relatively small. During the design lifespan of the photovoltaic module 10, the possibility of a significant performance degradation or even failure of the adhesive strip 13 and the membrane body 141 is relatively small; therefore, the operational reliability and service life of the photovoltaic module 10 are relatively high.

[0038] In some embodiments, due to errors in the actual manufacturing process, a very small portion of the structure of the edge portion 142 may be squeezed into the side of the adhesive strip 13 near the battery string from between the first protrusion 112 and the second protrusion 122, but the edge portion 142 is still considered to be located between the first protrusion 112 and the second protrusion 122.

[0039] In some embodiments, please refer to Figures 2 to 4As shown, the first protrusion 112 includes a first surface 1121 away from the first plate 111, and the second protrusion 122 includes a second surface 1221 away from the second plate 121. In the first direction X, the first surface 1121 and the second surface 1221 face each other. From another perspective, the first protrusion 112 and the second protrusion 122 are arranged opposite to each other in the first direction X. The space occupied by the first protrusion 112 and the second protrusion 122 in the second direction Y is relatively small. The first protrusion 112, the second protrusion 122 and the surrounding structure have the advantage of relatively large structural compactness, so that the connection area between the first cover plate 11 and the adhesive strip 13, the connection area between the second cover plate 12 and the adhesive strip 13, and the area of ​​the photovoltaic cell are all relatively large. The adhesive strip 13 plays a reliable sealing role, and the battery string has a large output power. Although the first protrusion 112 and the second protrusion 122 have a certain stress concentration due to the protrusion, there is a first gap distance G1 between the first surface 1121 and the second surface 1221. The possibility of the first surface 1121 and the second surface 1221 directly contacting each other is relatively small. Therefore, the possibility of structural damage to the first protrusion 112 and the second protrusion 122 is relatively small.

[0040] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 3 As shown, the edge portion 142 can be located between the first surface 1121 and the second surface 1221, and the first interval distance G1 can be 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm. From another perspective, the thickness of the edge portion 142 is 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm, and the contact area between the adhesive strip 13 and the edge portion 142 is relatively small. The rate at which the free substances released by the adhesive strip 13 diffuse towards the edge portion 142 is relatively small, and correspondingly, the rate at which the free substances released by the adhesive strip 13 diffuse towards the membrane body 141 is also relatively small. The rate at which the free substances released by the edge portion 142 and the membrane body 141 diffuse towards the adhesive strip 13 is relatively small. During the design life of the photovoltaic module 10, the possibility of a significant performance degradation or even failure of the adhesive strip 13 and the membrane body 141 is relatively small; therefore, the operational reliability and service life of the photovoltaic module 10 are relatively high.

[0041] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 3 As shown, when the first interval distance G1 is 0.1mm to 0.5mm, the first interval distance G1 can specifically be 0.1mm, 0.2mm, 0.3mm, 0.4mm or 0.5mm.

[0042] In some embodiments, the first interval distance G1 may also be 0.2mm to 0.4mm, wherein the first interval distance G1 may specifically be 0.2mm, 0.25mm, 0.3mm, 0.35mm or 0.4mm.

[0043] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 3 As shown, the width K1 of the first protrusion 112 in the second direction Y can be set to 0.5mm to 5mm, and the width K1 of the first protrusion 112 in the second direction Y can be set to be equal to or approximately equal to the width K2 of the second protrusion 122 in the second direction Y (with an error not exceeding 0.1mm). From another perspective, the length of the shortest path (the dimension along the second direction Y) between the adhesive strip 13 and the membrane body 141 is 0.5mm to 5mm. The possibility of free substances released by the adhesive strip 13 diffusing to the membrane body 141 is relatively small. Similarly, the possibility of free substances released by the membrane body 141 diffusing to the adhesive strip 13 is relatively small. During the design service life of the photovoltaic module 10, the possibility of the performance of the adhesive strip 13 and the membrane body 141 being significantly reduced or even failing is relatively small. Therefore, the working reliability and service life of the photovoltaic module 10 are relatively high.

[0044] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 3 As shown, when the width K1 is between 0.5mm and 5mm, the width K1 can specifically be 0.5mm, 1mm, 2mm, 3mm, 4mm or 5mm.

[0045] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 3 As shown, the width K1 of the first protrusion 112 in the second direction Y can also be 1mm to 2mm, wherein the width K1 can specifically be 1mm, 1.1mm, 1.2mm, 1.3mm, 1.4mm, 1.5mm, 1.6mm, 1.7mm, 1.8mm, 1.9mm, or 2mm. The width K1 of the first protrusion 112 in the second direction Y is equal to or approximately equal to the width K2 of the second protrusion 122 in the second direction Y.

[0046] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 3 As shown, the width K1 of the first protrusion 112 in the second direction Y can also be 2mm to 4mm, wherein the width K1 can specifically be 2mm, 2.5mm, 3mm, 3.5mm or 4mm. The width K1 of the first protrusion 112 in the second direction Y is equal to or approximately equal to the width K2 of the second protrusion 122 in the second direction Y.

[0047] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 3As shown, some free substances released by the adhesive strip 13 may diffuse between the adhesive strip 13 and the first plate 111, and some free substances released by the membrane body 141 may diffuse between the membrane body 141 and the first plate 111. The height H1 of the first protrusion 112 in the first direction X can be 0.2mm to 1.5mm. The first protrusion 112 can significantly hinder or slow down the diffusion of free substances. During the design service life of the photovoltaic module 10, the possibility of the performance of the adhesive strip 13 and the membrane body 141 being significantly reduced or even failing is relatively small. Therefore, the working reliability and service life of the photovoltaic module 10 are relatively high.

[0048] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 3 As shown, when the height H1 is between 0.2mm and 1.5mm, the height H1 can specifically be 0.2mm, 0.5mm, 0.7mm, 1mm, 1.2mm or 1.5mm.

[0049] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 3 As shown, the height H1 of the first protrusion 112 in the first direction X can also be 0.5mm to 1mm. Specifically, the height H1 can be 0.5mm, 0.6mm, 0.7mm, 0.8mm, 0.9mm or 1mm.

[0050] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 3 As shown, some free substances released by the adhesive strip 13 may diffuse between the adhesive strip 13 and the second plate 121, and some free substances released by the membrane body 141 may diffuse between the membrane body 141 and the second plate 121. The height H2 of the second protrusion 122 in the first direction X can be 0.2mm to 1.5mm. The second protrusion 122 can significantly hinder or slow down the diffusion of free substances. During the design service life of the photovoltaic module 10, the possibility of significant performance degradation or even failure of the adhesive strip 13 and the membrane body 141 is relatively small. Therefore, the working reliability and service life of the photovoltaic module 10 are relatively high.

[0051] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 3 As shown, when the height H2 is between 0.2mm and 1.5mm, the height H2 can specifically be 0.2mm, 0.5mm, 0.7mm, 1mm, 1.2mm or 1.5mm.

[0052] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 3 As shown, the height H2 of the second protrusion 122 in the first direction X can also be 0.5mm to 1mm. Specifically, the height H2 can be 0.5mm, 0.6mm, 0.7mm, 0.8mm, 0.9mm or 1mm.

[0053] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 3 As shown, the height H1 of the first protrusion 112 in the first direction X and the height H2 of the second protrusion 122 in the first direction X can be equal.

[0054] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 2 As shown, the width K0 of the adhesive strip 13 in the second direction Y can be from 3mm to 9mm. Specifically, K0 can be 3mm, 4mm, 5mm, 6mm, 7mm, 8mm or 9mm.

[0055] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 2 As shown, the thickness H0 of the adhesive strip 13 in the first direction X can be from 1 mm to 3 mm. Specifically, H0 can be 1 mm, 1.5 mm, 2 mm, 2.5 mm, or 3 mm.

[0056] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 3 As shown, for the first plate 111 located on the light-facing side of the photovoltaic cell, the energy of the ultraviolet light transmitted by the first plate 111 is greater than the energy of the ultraviolet light transmitted by the second plate 121. Under this condition, the portion of the adhesive strip 13 near the first plate 111 and the portion of the film body 141 near the first plate 111 can release relatively more free matter. The height H1 of the first protrusion 112 in the first direction X can be set to be greater than the height H2 of the second protrusion 122 in the first direction X, thus better preventing the diffusion of free matter between the adhesive strip 13 and the first plate 111 to the portion between the film body 141 and the first plate 111, and also better preventing the diffusion of free matter between the film body 141 and the first plate 111 to the portion between the adhesive strip 13 and the first plate 111. During the design life of the photovoltaic module 10, the possibility of a significant performance degradation or even failure of the adhesive strip 13 and the film body 141 is relatively small. Therefore, the operational reliability and service life of the photovoltaic module 10 are relatively high.

[0057] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 3 As shown, the ratio of height H2 to height H1 can be from 0.3 to 0.8, where the specific ratio can be 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7 or 0.8.

[0058] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 3 As shown, the ratio of height H2 to height H1 can also be 0.4 to 0.6, where the specific ratio can be 0.4, 0.5 or 0.6.

[0059] In some embodiments, please refer to Figures 3 to 4As shown, height H1 is the dimension along the first direction X between the side of the first plate 111 closest to the second plate 121 and the first surface 1121, and height H2 is the dimension along the first direction X between the side of the second plate 121 closest to the first plate 111 and the second surface 1221.

[0060] In some embodiments, please refer to Figures 5 to 7 As shown, the first cover plate 11 may further include a first recess 113, which is recessed from the first surface 1121 into the first protrusion 112. The second cover plate 12 may further include a third protrusion 123, which protrudes from the second surface 1221 into the first recess 113. In the second direction Y, the width K3 of the first recess 113 is greater than the width K4 of the third protrusion 123. The portion of the third protrusion 123 away from the second surface 1221 is located within the first recess 113. The inner surface of the first recess 113 and the outer surface of the third protrusion 123 are spaced apart. The path between the membrane body 141 and the adhesive strip 13 is relatively long and relatively tortuous, which significantly hinders or slows down the diffusion of free substances released from the membrane body 141 into the adhesive strip 13 and the diffusion of free substances released from the adhesive strip 13 into the membrane body 141. During the design and service life of the photovoltaic module 10, the possibility of significant performance degradation or even failure of the adhesive strip 13 and the film body 141 is relatively small. Therefore, the working reliability and service life of the photovoltaic module 10 are relatively high.

[0061] In some embodiments, please refer to Figures 8 to 9 As shown, in the second direction Y, the first protrusion 112 and the second protrusion 122 are located between the adhesive strip 13 and the membrane body 141. The second protrusion 122 is located between the adhesive strip 13 and the first protrusion 112, and the first protrusion 112 is located between the second protrusion 122 and the membrane body 141. From another perspective, the first protrusion 112 is located between the second protrusion 122 and the battery string. The second protrusion 122 is closer to the edge of the laminate 1 than the first protrusion 112. In the first direction X, the second spacing distance G2 between the first protrusion 112 and the second plate 121 is less than the height H4 of the second protrusion 122, and the third spacing distance G3 between the second protrusion 122 and the first plate 111 is less than the height H3 of the first protrusion 112. The path between the membrane substrate 141 and the adhesive strip 13 is relatively long and tortuous, which significantly hinders or slows down the diffusion of free substances released from the membrane substrate 141 towards the adhesive strip 13 and vice versa. During the design lifespan of the photovoltaic module 10, the likelihood of a significant performance degradation or even failure of the adhesive strip 13 and the membrane substrate 141 is relatively small. Therefore, the operational reliability and lifespan of the photovoltaic module 10 are relatively high.

[0062] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 9 As shown, the height H3 can be from 0.5mm to 1.5mm. Specifically, the height H3 can be 0.5mm, 0.6mm, 0.7mm, 0.8mm, 0.9mm, 1mm, 1.1mm, 1.2mm, 1.3mm, 1.4mm, or 1.5mm.

[0063] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 9 As shown, the height H3 can also be from 0.7mm to 1.2mm. Specifically, the height H3 can be 0.7mm, 0.8mm, 0.9mm, 1mm, 1.1mm or 1.2mm.

[0064] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 9 As shown, the height H4 can be from 0.5mm to 1.5mm. Specifically, the height H4 can be 0.5mm, 0.6mm, 0.7mm, 0.8mm, 0.9mm, 1mm, 1.1mm, 1.2mm, 1.3mm, 1.4mm, or 1.5mm.

[0065] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 9 As shown, the height H4 can be from 0.7mm to 1.2mm. Specifically, the height H4 can be 0.7mm, 0.8mm, 0.9mm, 1mm, 1.1mm, or 1.2mm.

[0066] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 9 As shown, the second interval distance G2 can be from 0.1mm to 0.5mm. Specifically, the second interval distance G2 can be 0.1mm, 0.2mm, 0.3mm, 0.4mm, or 0.5mm.

[0067] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 9 As shown, the third interval distance G3 can be from 0.1mm to 0.5mm. Specifically, the third interval distance G3 can be 0.1mm, 0.2mm, 0.3mm, 0.4mm, or 0.5mm.

[0068] In some embodiments, due to the large bonding area between the first plate 111 and the membrane body 141, the large bonding area between the second plate 121 and the membrane body 141, and the fixed connections between the edges of the first plate 111 and the second plate 121 to the frame 2, the possibility of the first plate 111 and the second plate 121 moving relative to each other in the second direction Y is relatively small. Correspondingly, the possibility of the first protrusion 112 and the second protrusion 122 moving relative to each other in the second direction Y is also relatively small. However, because the membrane body 141 has a certain elasticity, and the first plate 111 and the second plate 121 have a certain flexibility in the first direction X, the possibility of the first protrusion 112 and the second protrusion 122 moving in the first direction X is relatively large. Please refer to... Figures 8 to 9 As shown, a fourth spacing distance G4 exists between the first protrusion 112 and the second protrusion 122, and either the second spacing distance G2 or the third spacing distance G3 is set to be greater than the fourth spacing distance G4. The possibility of direct contact between the first protrusion 112 and the second plate 121 is relatively small, and the possibility of structural damage to the first protrusion 112 is relatively small. Similarly, the possibility of direct contact between the second protrusion 122 and the first plate 111 is relatively small, and the possibility of structural damage to the second protrusion 122 is relatively small. The diffusion rate of free matter between the first protrusion 112 and the second protrusion 122 is relatively lower. During the design lifespan of the photovoltaic module 10, the possibility of significant performance degradation or even failure of the adhesive strip 13 and the film body 141 is relatively small; therefore, the operational reliability and service life of the photovoltaic module 10 are relatively high.

[0069] In some embodiments, the fourth spacing distance G4 can be from 0.05 mm to 0.3 mm. Specifically, the fourth spacing distance G4 can be 0.05 mm, 0.1 mm, 0.15 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.25 mm, or 0.3 mm.

[0070] In some embodiments, please refer to Figures 10 to 11As shown, the photovoltaic module 10 includes a laminate 1, which includes a first cover plate 11, a second cover plate 12, an adhesive strip 13, an encapsulant film 14, and a battery string (not shown in the figure). The first cover plate 11 includes a first plate body 111 and a first protrusion 112. The second cover plate 12 includes a second plate body 121 and a second protrusion 122. The encapsulant film 14 includes a film body 141 and an edge portion 142. The first protrusion 112 protrudes from the first plate body 111 toward the second plate body 121. 2. The adhesive strip 13 protrudes from the first plate 111 relative to the second plate 121. The adhesive strip 13 is located between the first plate 111 and the second protrusion 122. The membrane body 141 is located between the first plate 111 and the second plate 121. The battery string is located within the membrane body 141. The first protrusion 112 is located between the second protrusion 122 and the membrane body 141. The edge portion 142 is located between the first protrusion 112 and the second plate 121, and also between the first protrusion 112 and the second protrusion 122. The first protrusion 112 occupies a portion of the space between the adhesive strip 13 and the membrane body 141, resulting in a relatively small contact area between the adhesive strip 13 and the edge portion 142. The rate at which the free substance released by the adhesive strip 13 diffuses towards the edge portion 142 is relatively small; correspondingly, the rate at which the free substance released by the adhesive strip 13 diffuses towards the membrane body 141 is also relatively small. The rate at which free substances released from the edge portion 142 and the membrane body 141 diffuse towards the adhesive strip 13 is relatively low. During the design lifespan of the photovoltaic module 10, the likelihood of a significant performance degradation or even failure of the adhesive strip 13 and the membrane body 141 is relatively small; therefore, the operational reliability and lifespan of the photovoltaic module 10 are relatively high. The relatively tortuous path between the adhesive strip 13 and the membrane body 141 significantly hinders or slows down the diffusion of free substances. During the design lifespan of the photovoltaic module 10, the likelihood of a significant performance degradation or even failure of the adhesive strip 13 and the membrane body 141 is relatively small; therefore, the operational reliability and lifespan of the photovoltaic module 10 are relatively high. The adhesive strip 13, the first protrusion 112, the second protrusion 122, and their surrounding structure also have the advantage of relatively high structural compactness, resulting in a relatively large area of ​​photovoltaic cells and a large output power for the cell string.

[0071] In some embodiments, due to the large bonding area between the first plate 111 and the membrane body 141, the large bonding area between the second plate 121 and the membrane body 141, and the fixed connections between the edges of the first plate 111 and the second plate 121 to the frame 2, the possibility of the first plate 111 and the second plate 121 moving relative to each other in the second direction Y is relatively small. Correspondingly, the possibility of the first protrusion 112 and the second protrusion 122 moving relative to each other in the second direction Y is also relatively small. However, due to the elasticity of the membrane body 141 and the flexibility of the first plate 111 and the second plate 121 in the first direction X, the possibility of the first protrusion 112 and the second protrusion 122 moving in the first direction X is relatively large. Please refer to... Figure 11 As shown, in the second direction Y, there is a fifth spacing distance G5 between the first protrusion 112 and the second protrusion 122, and in the first direction X, there is a sixth spacing distance G6 between the first protrusion 112 and the second plate 121. The fifth spacing distance G5 is smaller than the sixth spacing distance G6. The possibility of direct contact between the first protrusion 112 and the second plate 121 is relatively small, and the possibility of structural damage to the first protrusion 112 is relatively small. The diffusion rate of free matter between the first protrusion 112 and the second protrusion 122 is relatively low. During the design service life of the photovoltaic module 10, the possibility of significant performance degradation or even failure of the adhesive strip 13 and the film body 141 is relatively small. Therefore, the operational reliability and service life of the photovoltaic module 10 are relatively high.

[0072] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 11 As shown, the fifth interval distance G5 can be from 0.05mm to 0.3mm. Specifically, the fifth interval distance G5 can be 0.05mm, 0.1mm, 0.15mm, 0.2mm, 0.25mm or 0.3mm.

[0073] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 11 As shown, the sixth interval distance G6 can be from 0.1mm to 0.5mm. Specifically, the sixth interval distance G6 can be 0.1mm, 0.2mm, 0.3mm, 0.4mm or 0.5mm.

[0074] In some embodiments, please refer to Figures 12 to 14As shown, the first plate 111 includes a third surface 1111 facing the second plate 121, a first protrusion 112 protruding relative to the third surface 1111, and the first cover plate 11 also includes a second recess 114, which is recessed into the first plate 111 relative to the third surface 1111. The second recess 114 is located on the side of the first protrusion 112 closer to the second protrusion 122, and an adhesive strip 13 connects the second protrusion 122 and the second recess 114. The path between the adhesive strip 13 and the membrane body 141 is relatively long and relatively tortuous, which has a significant hindering or slowing effect on the diffusion of free substances. During the design service life of the photovoltaic module 10, the possibility of significant performance degradation or even failure of the adhesive strip 13 and the membrane body 141 is relatively small, therefore the operational reliability and service life of the photovoltaic module 10 are relatively high. The space saved by setting the second recess 114 allows the adhesive strip 13 to have a relatively large volume, thereby making the connection area between the adhesive strip 13 and the first cover plate 11 relatively large, and the sealing connection between the adhesive strip 13 and the first cover plate 11 relatively reliable.

[0075] In some embodiments, the second recess 114 is located on the side of the first protrusion 112 away from the battery string; from another perspective, the second recess 114 is located on the side of the first protrusion 112 near the edge of the first plate 111.

[0076] In some embodiments, please refer to Figures 15 to 17 As shown, the second plate 121 includes a fourth surface 1211 facing the first plate 111, and a second protrusion 122 protrudes relative to the fourth surface 1211. The second cover plate 12 also includes a third recess 124, which is recessed into the second plate 121 relative to the fourth surface 1211. The third recess 124 is located on the side of the second protrusion 122 closest to the first protrusion 112, and the portion of the first protrusion 112 away from the first plate 111 is located within the third recess 124. The outer surface of the first protrusion 112 and the inner surface of the third recess 124 are spaced apart. The path between the adhesive strip 13 and the film body 141 is relatively long and relatively tortuous, which has a significant hindering or slowing effect on the diffusion of free substances. During the design service life of the photovoltaic module 10, the possibility of significant performance degradation or even failure of the adhesive strip 13 and the film body 141 is relatively small. Therefore, the operational reliability and service life of the photovoltaic module 10 are relatively high.

[0077] In some embodiments, the third recess 124 is located on the side of the second protrusion 122 closer to the battery string; from another perspective, the third recess 124 is located on the side of the second protrusion 122 away from the edge of the second plate 121.

[0078] In some embodiments, Figures 15 to 16The first cover plate 11 shown can be replaced with Figures 12 to 14 The first cover plate 11 shown has a second recess 114 so that the portion of the adhesive strip 13 away from the second protrusion 122 is connected to the second recess 114.

[0079] In some embodiments, the first cover plate 11 may include tempered glass, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycarbonate (PC), polyvinyl fluoride (PVF), ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), or polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF).

[0080] In some embodiments, the second cover plate 12 may include tempered glass, polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, polyvinylidene fluoride, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer, or polyvinylidene fluoride.

[0081] In some embodiments, the second cover plate 12 may include a non-transparent fluorinated composite backing plate.

[0082] In some embodiments, the adhesive strip 13 may include butyl rubber, silicone sealant, or polyurethane sealant.

[0083] In some embodiments, the film 14 may include ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), polyolefin elastomer (POE), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), or thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU).

[0084] In some embodiments, the film 14 may include a co-extruded film (EVA-POE-EVA, EPE).

[0085] In some embodiments, the cells in the battery string can be photovoltaic cells such as passivated emitter rear cell (PERC), tunnel oxide passivated contact cell (TOPCon), intrinsic thin-film heterojunction cell (HJT), interdigitated back contact cell (IBC), or perovskite solar cell (PSC).

[0086] In some embodiments, the battery string further includes a conductive bus bar, through which at least two photovoltaic cells are connected within the same battery string.

[0087] In some embodiments, when the adhesive strip 13 comprises butyl rubber, the free substances released by the butyl rubber include at least one of plasticizers and volatile gases. When the plasticizer diffuses into and is absorbed by the adhesive film 14, the adhesive film 14 will swell, increasing the risk of microcracks in the photovoltaic cells. When volatile gases diffuse between the film body 141 and the first plate 111 and between the film body 141 and the second plate 121 to form bubbles, significant optical loss occurs, providing channels for subsequent moisture migration.

[0088] In some embodiments, when the adhesive film 14 comprises EVA, the free substances that the adhesive film 14 can release include acetic acid (also known as acetic acid). Acetic acid causes the adhesive strip 13 to soften, thereby causing the moisture barrier function of the adhesive strip 13 to fail.

[0089] In some embodiments, when the adhesive film 14 includes POE, the free substances that the adhesive film 14 can release include active oxides. When the active oxides are absorbed by the adhesive strip 13, the adhesive strip 13 is catalyzed, and the sealing between the adhesive strip 13 and the first cover plate 11 and the sealing between the adhesive strip 13 and the second cover plate 12 fails, thereby easily forming a water vapor intrusion channel.

[0090] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application, or the scope of this application should be defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that, The photovoltaic module includes a laminate, which includes a first cover plate, a second cover plate, an adhesive strip, an encapsulated film, and a battery string. The first cover plate includes a first plate body and a first protrusion. The second cover plate includes a second plate body and a second protrusion. The first protrusion protrudes towards the second plate body relative to the first plate body, and the second protrusion protrudes towards the first plate body relative to the second plate body. The encapsulated film includes a connected film body and an edge portion. The adhesive strip and the film body are located between the first plate body and the second plate body. The battery string is located within the film body. The first protrusion and the second protrusion are located between the adhesive strip and the film body. The edge portion is located between the first protrusion and the second protrusion.

2. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first protrusion includes a first surface away from the first plate, and the second protrusion includes a second surface away from the second plate. In a first direction, the first surface and the second surface face each other, and there is a first gap between the first surface and the second surface.

3. The photovoltaic module according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first interval is 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm.

4. The photovoltaic module according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first cover plate further includes a first recessed portion, which is recessed into the first protrusion from the first surface. The second cover plate further includes a third protrusion, which protrudes from the second surface into the first recessed portion. In a second direction, the width of the first recessed portion is greater than the width of the third protrusion. The portion of the third protrusion that is away from the second surface is located within the first recessed portion. The inner surface of the first recessed portion and the outer surface of the third protrusion are spaced apart. The first direction intersects the second direction.

5. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the second direction, the second protrusion is located between the adhesive strip and the first protrusion, and the first protrusion is located between the second protrusion and the membrane body; In a first direction, the second interval between the first protrusion and the second plate is less than the height of the second protrusion, the third interval between the second protrusion and the first plate is less than the height of the first protrusion, and the first direction intersects with the second direction.

6. The photovoltaic module according to claim 5, characterized in that, In the second direction, there is a fourth interval distance between the first protrusion and the second protrusion, and either the second interval distance or the third interval distance is greater than the fourth interval distance.

7. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that, The photovoltaic module includes a laminate, which includes a first cover plate, a second cover plate, an adhesive strip, an encapsulated film, and a battery string. The first cover plate includes a first plate body and a first protrusion. The second cover plate includes a second plate body and a second protrusion. The encapsulated film includes a film body and an edge portion. The first protrusion protrudes towards the second plate body relative to the first plate body, and the second protrusion protrudes towards the first plate body relative to the second plate body. The adhesive strip is located between the first plate body and the second protrusion. The film body is located between the first plate body and the second plate body. The battery string is located within the film body. The first protrusion is located between the second protrusion and the film body. The edge portion is located between the first protrusion and the second plate body, and also between the first protrusion and the second protrusion.

8. The photovoltaic module according to claim 7, characterized in that, In the second direction, there is a fifth interval between the first protrusion and the second protrusion, and in the first direction, there is a sixth interval between the first protrusion and the second plate. The fifth interval is smaller than the sixth interval, and the first direction intersects the second direction.

9. The photovoltaic module according to claim 7, characterized in that, The first plate includes a third surface facing the second plate, the first protrusion protrudes relative to the third surface, the first cover plate also includes a second recessed portion recessed relative to the third surface into the first plate, the second recessed portion is located on the side of the first protrusion near the second protrusion, and the adhesive strip connects the second protrusion and the second recessed portion.

10. The photovoltaic module according to claim 7, characterized in that, The second plate includes a fourth surface facing the first plate, and the second protrusion protrudes relative to the fourth surface. The second cover plate also includes a third recessed portion that is recessed into the second plate relative to the fourth surface. The third recessed portion is located on the side of the second protrusion that is close to the first protrusion. The portion of the first protrusion that is away from the first plate is located in the third recessed portion. The outer surface of the first protrusion and the inner surface of the third recessed portion are spaced apart.

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