Classification combination method of light emitting device, preparation method, display substrate and apparatus

Abstract

This application provides a method for classifying and combining light-emitting devices, a fabrication method, a display substrate, and an apparatus. The method includes determining the chromaticity coordinate characteristics of all light-emitting devices, and based on the chromaticity coordinate characteristics and target feature points, determining target light-emitting devices, non-target light-emitting devices, and a first device utilization rate. When the first device utilization rate is less than a preset utilization rate, a classification and combination strategy is iteratively executed on all the non-target light-emitting devices to obtain a second device utilization rate and a combined light-emitting device corresponding to each classification and combination strategy. This continues until the second device utilization rate is greater than or equal to the preset utilization rate or the number of iterations reaches a preset number. In this way, non-target light-emitting devices that cannot be directly used are transformed into combined light-emitting devices that can be directly used, increasing the proportion of directly usable light-emitting devices, thereby improving the utilization rate of light-emitting devices and reducing fabrication costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of display product technology, and in particular to a method for classifying and assembling light-emitting devices, a preparation method, a display substrate, and an apparatus. Background Technology

[0002] When the color difference between pixels in a light-emitting diode (LED) display product exceeds a certain standard, it will be perceptible to the human eye, thus affecting the viewing experience. Currently, the uniformity of LED light-emitting devices / chips produced in the industry is poor, making them unsuitable for direct use in display manufacturing. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the purpose of this application is to provide a method for classifying and assembling light-emitting devices, a method for fabricating them, a display substrate, and an apparatus.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the first aspect of this application provides a method for classifying and combining light-emitting devices, comprising:

[0005] Determine the chromaticity coordinate characteristics of all light-emitting devices, and based on the chromaticity coordinate characteristics and target feature points, determine the utilization rates of target light-emitting devices, non-target light-emitting devices, and the first device; In response to the first device utilization rate being less than the preset utilization rate, a classification and combination strategy is iteratively executed on all the non-target light-emitting devices to obtain the second device utilization rate and combined light-emitting devices corresponding to each classification and combination strategy, until the second device utilization rate is greater than or equal to the preset utilization rate or the number of iterations reaches the preset number. The classification and combination strategy is used to divide non-target light-emitting devices into different categories and combine non-target light-emitting devices of different categories to obtain combined light-emitting devices. The number of categories in the next iteration is greater than the number of categories in the previous iteration.

[0006] Based on the same inventive concept, a second aspect of this application provides a method for preparing a display substrate, comprising: placing the target light-emitting device and the combined light-emitting device obtained by the classification and combination method described in any one of the first aspects onto a driving substrate to obtain a display substrate; wherein, all non-target light-emitting devices in each of the combined light-emitting devices are arranged adjacent to each other.

[0007] Based on the same inventive concept, a third aspect of this application provides a display substrate prepared by the preparation method described in the second aspect above.

[0008] Based on the same inventive concept, a fourth aspect of this application provides a display device, including the display substrate described in the third aspect above.

[0009] As can be seen from the above, the classification and combination method, fabrication method, display substrate, and device for light-emitting devices provided in this application first determine the chromaticity coordinate characteristics of all light-emitting devices. Based on the chromaticity coordinate characteristics and target feature points, the utilization rates of target light-emitting devices, non-target light-emitting devices, and the first device are determined. When the utilization rate of the first device is less than a preset utilization rate, it indicates that the proportion of target light-emitting devices is too low and the utilization rate of light-emitting devices is too low. Therefore, a classification and combination strategy is iteratively executed on all non-target light-emitting devices to obtain the second device utilization rate and combined light-emitting devices corresponding to each classification and combination strategy. This continues until the second device utilization rate is greater than or equal to the preset utilization rate or the number of iterations reaches a preset number. In this way, by classifying and combining non-target light-emitting devices, non-target light-emitting devices with large color deviations can be combined together, so that the color deviation of the combined light-emitting devices is adjusted and improved, thereby enabling the color deviation of the combined light-emitting devices to meet the uniformity requirements. In this way, non-target light-emitting devices that cannot be used directly are transformed into combined light-emitting devices that can be used directly, increasing the proportion of directly usable light-emitting devices, thereby increasing the utilization rate of light-emitting devices and reducing the fabrication cost. Attached Figure Description

[0010] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this application or related technologies, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or related technologies will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0011] Figure 1A A schematic diagram of an embodiment of this application showing the wavelength distribution of LEDs on a wafer produced by an LED manufacturer. Figure 1B This refers to the actual spectral information of a specific display product. Figure 1C This is a comparison graph of the fitted spectrum and the original spectrum of the red LED; Figure 1D This is a comparison graph of the fitted spectrum and the original spectrum of the green LED; Figure 1E This is a comparison graph of the fitted spectrum and the original spectrum of the blue LED. Figure 2A Simulation of the spectrum of a blue LED with its center shifted from 450 nm to 460 nm; Figure 2B Simulation diagram showing the effect of the central spectral shift of a blue LED on its brightness; Figure 2C Simulation diagram showing the effect of spectral shift at the center of a blue LED on color difference; Figure 2DThe simulation diagram shows the amplitude fluctuation of the blue LED. Figure 2E A simulation diagram showing the effect of blue LED amplitude fluctuations on brightness; Figure 2F A simulation diagram showing the effect of blue LED amplitude fluctuations on color difference; Figure 2G A simulation diagram of the spectrum of a blue LED with random fluctuations in center wavelength and amplitude; Figure 2H Simulation diagram showing the effect of random fluctuations in the center wavelength and amplitude of a blue LED on its brightness; Figure 2I Simulation diagram showing the effect of random fluctuations in the center wavelength and amplitude of a blue LED on color difference; Figure 2J A visualization of the simulation results for the blue LED; Figure 3A Simulation of the spectrum of a green LED with its spectral center shifted from 450 nm to 460 nm; Figure 3B Simulation diagram showing the effect of central spectral shift on brightness of green LEDs; Figure 3C Simulation diagram showing the effect of spectral shift at the center of a green LED on color difference; Figure 3D Simulation diagram of amplitude fluctuation for green LEDs; Figure 3E A simulation diagram showing the effect of green LED amplitude fluctuations on brightness; Figure 3F A simulation diagram showing the effect of green LED amplitude fluctuations on color difference; Figure 3G A simulation diagram of the spectrum of a green LED with random fluctuations in center wavelength and amplitude; Figure 3H Simulation diagram showing the effect of random fluctuations in the center wavelength and amplitude of a green LED on its brightness; Figure 3I Simulation diagram showing the effect of random fluctuations in the center wavelength and amplitude of green LEDs on color difference; Figure 3J A visualization of the simulation results for green LEDs; Figure 4A Simulation of the spectrum of a red LED with its center shifted from 450 nm to 460 nm; Figure 4B Simulation diagram showing the effect of spectral shift at the center of a red LED on its brightness; Figure 4C Simulation diagram showing the effect of spectral shift at the center of a red LED on color difference; Figure 4DA simulation diagram of the amplitude fluctuation of a red LED; Figure 4E A simulation diagram showing the effect of red LED amplitude fluctuations on brightness; Figure 4F A simulation diagram showing the effect of red LED amplitude fluctuations on color difference; Figure 4G A simulation diagram of the spectrum of a red LED with random fluctuations in center wavelength and amplitude; Figure 4H Simulation diagram showing the effect of random fluctuations in the center wavelength and amplitude of a red LED on its brightness; Figure 4I A simulation diagram showing the effect of random fluctuations in the center wavelength and amplitude of a red LED on color difference; Figure 4J A visualization of the simulation results for the red LED; Figure 5 A visual representation of the white screen on the display when the wavelengths and amplitudes of the red, green, and blue LEDs shift. Figure 6 This is an exemplary flowchart illustrating the classification and combination method of light-emitting devices according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 7 This is another exemplary flowchart illustrating the classification and combination method of light-emitting devices according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 8 This is an exemplary flowchart of the classification method in the classification and combination method of light-emitting devices according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 9 This is an exemplary flowchart illustrating the combination method in the classification and combination method of light-emitting devices according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 10A The display effect when blue light-emitting devices are not categorized and combined; Figure 10B Display effect diagram after classifying and combining blue light-emitting devices; Figure 10C The display effect of green light-emitting devices without being categorized and combined. Figure 10D Display effect diagram after classifying and combining green light-emitting devices; Figure 10E This is a display effect diagram when red light-emitting devices are not categorized and combined. Figure 10F The image shows the display effect of red light emitters after being categorized and combined. Figure 10G The display effect when blue, green and red light-emitting devices are mixed without being classified and combined. Figure 10HThe display effect is achieved by mixing, classifying, and combining blue, green, and red light-emitting devices. Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of a classification and assembly device for light-emitting devices according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0012] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings.

[0013] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in the embodiments of this application should have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains. The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in the embodiments of this application do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are only used to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0014] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the terms "parallel" and "perpendicular" as used in the embodiments of this application include the described situation and situations similar to the described situation, where the range of similar situations is within an acceptable deviation range, which is determined by those skilled in the art taking into account the measurement under discussion and the error associated with the measurement of a particular quantity (i.e., the limitations of the measurement system). For example, "parallel" includes absolute parallelism and approximate parallelism, where the acceptable deviation range for approximate parallelism can be, for example, within 5°; "perpendicular" includes absolute perpendicularity and approximate perpendicularity, where the acceptable deviation range for approximate perpendicularity can also be, for example, within 5°.

[0015] Due to their superior performance in image quality, power consumption, and lifespan, micro LEDs and sub-millimeter LEDs (collectively referred to as M-LEDs) have stood out among various display technologies. The application of M-LEDs will go through three development stages. The first and second stages will focus on commercial applications, especially large-size commercial displays requiring higher resolution and commercial applications in small spaces such as conference rooms. The third stage will expand the application of M-LED technology to fields requiring higher resolution and reliability, such as augmented reality / virtual reality and automotive applications.

[0016] In the future, with the continuous advancement of M-LED technology and its decreasing costs, its applications will extend to consumer electronics fields such as mobile phones and tablets, where cost sensitivity is higher. Video wall displays, a gem of modern display technology, are increasingly occupying a pivotal position in the display industry. Their high resolution, high contrast, and stable reliability make them indispensable in numerous fields such as commercial displays, public safety, education, and healthcare.

[0017] From an application perspective, when the color difference between pixels in a light-emitting diode (LED) display product exceeds a certain standard, it will be noticeable to the human eye, thus affecting the viewing experience.

[0018] The uniformity of LED light-emitting devices / chips produced in the current industry is poor. For example, the center wavelength of blue LEDs fluctuates in the range of 450~460nm, making them unsuitable for direct use in display manufacturing.

[0019] Currently, there are two main optimization methods in the industry. One is incoming material control, which requires manufacturers to classify incoming LED chips and provide LEDs that meet the specified requirements, such as requiring the peak position to shift by ±2nm. The other is to use speckle compensation algorithms (such as the demura algorithm), which involves adjusting the drive by acquiring the brightness and color information of each LED in the later stages, thereby ensuring the uniformity of the displayed image.

[0020] Incoming material control is highly effective, but it's also extremely costly, more than doubling the cost compared to unclassified incoming materials. While this ensures the uniformity of the displayed image, the high cost makes it unsuitable for mass production. However, without incoming material control... The adjustment of the speckle reduction compensation algorithm is also limited, and it can only optimize LED chips within a certain error range. In addition, the aging curve of each LED chip is different, and the speckle reduction compensation algorithm is only performed once before the product is shipped. Therefore, over time, the effectiveness of the algorithm will be greatly reduced, resulting in a worse and worse uniformity of the displayed image over time.

[0021] However, if incoming material control is not implemented and instead the product manufacturer manages it themselves, the utilization rate of incoming LEDs will be very low. This not only wastes incoming LEDs but also increases manufacturing costs. For example, Figure 1A The image shows the wavelength distribution of LEDs on a wafer produced by an LED manufacturer, ranging from 450.5nm to 460nm. To ensure display quality, a key threshold for wavelength uniformity in the M-LED display technology field is ±2nm, while ±1nm is currently the higher goal pursued by leading R&D efforts. Based on ±2nm, the LED utilization rate is only 68%, which is extremely low.

[0022] Therefore, how to ensure the uniformity of the display product while taking into account the LED utilization rate and manufacturing cost is an urgent problem to be solved.

[0023] Based on this, the inventors of this application conducted a series of simulation experiments and found that the shift in the center wavelength and amplitude fluctuation of the LED chip have a significant impact on its brightness and color difference, further proving that the uniformity of the LED chip will significantly affect the uniformity of the display product, and thus affect the display quality of the display product.

[0024] Wafer manufacturers typically classify LEDs based on only a few quantifiable metrics such as wavelength deviation and full width at half maximum (FWHM). To more visually illustrate the impact of LED uniformity on displays, they converted LED spectral data into a colorimetric space and performed visual simulations. For example... Figure 1B To obtain the true spectral information of a certain display product, and to facilitate the simulation of the impact of LED wavelength shifts and amplitude fluctuations on color difference, a fitting function was first used to simulate the true spectrum of the LED. The fitted spectra of the red, green, and blue LEDs are compared with the original spectra as follows: Figure 1C , Figure 1D , Figure 1E As shown, the root mean square errors between the fitted data and the original data for red LED, green LED, and blue LED are 0.000445109, 0.000819846, and 0.000427498, respectively, indicating that the simulation can represent the spectrum of real LEDs.

[0025] First, a blue LED is simulated. The center wavelength of a typical blue LED is about 450nm, and the center wavelength range of the LED in this simulation is 450nm~460nm. The LED spectrum is converted into color coordinates, and the color difference between the LED and the reference point is calculated.

[0026] The calculation results are as follows Figure 2A , Figure 2B , Figure 2CAs shown, when the spectral waveform and amplitude of the blue LED remain unchanged, and the center wavelength shifts from 450nm to 460nm, its brightness changes from 11.4 nits to 17.8 nits, and the color difference increases to 0.018 compared to the initial LED. Simulations also investigated the effect of a ±10% fluctuation in spectral amplitude on LED brightness and color difference while keeping the LED spectrum and center wavelength constant. The simulation results are shown below. Figure 2D , Figure 2E , Figure 2F As shown.

[0027] Simulation results show that when the center wavelength of a blue LED spectrum shifts, both its brightness and color difference change, and amplitude fluctuations also affect its brightness. However, in actual production, the center wavelength, waveform, and amplitude of LEDs fluctuate, resulting in even greater fluctuations in LED brightness and color difference. Since white LED pixels are composed of red, green, and blue, changes in the brightness of monochrome LEDs also affect the color coordinates of the white point, ultimately impacting the display effect.

[0028] To simulate a more realistic scenario, the simulation employed random fluctuations in the center wavelength and amplitude of the LEDs. The results of simulating 50 blue LEDs are as follows: Figure 2G , Figure 2H , Figure 2I As shown in the figure. Finally, the LED simulation data was visualized, and the results are as follows. Figure 2J As shown, the changes in brightness and color difference of the blue LED can be clearly seen.

[0029] Similarly, the effects of wavelength shift and amplitude fluctuation in the spectral center of green and red LEDs on their brightness and color difference were simulated and visualized. The simulation results for green LEDs are as follows: Figure 3A , Figure 3B , Figure 3C , Figure 3D , Figure 3E , Figure 3F , Figure 3G , Figure 3H , Figure 3I and Figure 3J As shown in the figure. The simulation results for the red LED are as follows. Figure 4A , Figure 4B , Figure 4C , Figure 4D , Figure 4E , Figure 4F , Figure 4G , Figure 4H , Figure 4I and Figure 4J As shown.

[0030] If the above-mentioned red, green, and blue LEDs are used for construction, the final white display image will look like this. Figure 5 As shown.

[0031] As can be seen above, the shift in the center wavelength and amplitude fluctuation of red, blue, and green LEDs have a significant impact on the brightness and color difference of their own colors, as well as on the brightness and color difference of white light. Therefore, it is necessary to strictly control the uniformity of LED chips before assembly to ensure the display quality of display products.

[0032] However, as mentioned earlier, if incoming material control measures are not adopted, and instead the product manufacturer selects LED chips that meet the uniformity requirements from the incoming materials, the utilization rate of the incoming LEDs will be very low. This not only wastes the incoming LEDs but also increases the manufacturing cost.

[0033] Therefore, how to manage the LED chips in the incoming materials in order to ensure the uniformity of the display product while taking into account the LED utilization rate and manufacturing cost is an urgent problem to be solved.

[0034] Based on this, this application provides a method for classifying and combining light-emitting devices, a preparation method, a display substrate, and an apparatus. The method converts the spectral information of LEDs into a quantifiable color coordinate space, selects LED combinations that meet the color difference requirements through an algorithm, and arranges the selected LED pairs in order during the assembly process. This maximizes the utilization of LED materials while ensuring display quality, thereby improving LED utilization and reducing production costs.

[0035] See Figure 6 As shown, this application provides a method for classifying and combining light-emitting devices, specifically including the following steps: Step S100: Determine the chromaticity coordinate characteristics of all light-emitting devices, and based on the chromaticity coordinate characteristics and target feature points, determine the utilization rates of the target light-emitting device, non-target light-emitting devices, and the first device; Step S200: In response to the first device utilization rate being less than the preset utilization rate, a classification and combination strategy is iteratively executed on all the non-target light-emitting devices to obtain the second device utilization rate and combined light-emitting devices corresponding to each classification and combination strategy, until the second device utilization rate is greater than or equal to the preset utilization rate or the number of iterations reaches the preset number; The classification and combination strategy is used to divide non-target light-emitting devices into different categories and combine non-target light-emitting devices of different categories to obtain combined light-emitting devices. The number of categories in the next iteration is greater than the number of categories in the previous iteration.

[0036] Specifically, upon receiving a display substrate, the chromaticity coordinate characteristics of all light-emitting devices in the substrate are determined. This involves converting the spectral data of the light-emitting devices provided in the substrate into a quantifiable chromaticity coordinate space to obtain the chromaticity coordinate characteristics of each light-emitting device. In this application, any existing conversion algorithm can be used to convert the spectral data into the chromaticity coordinate space; the specific conversion algorithm is not limited.

[0037] For example, the chromaticity coordinate characteristics (X, Y, X) of each of the light-emitting devices can be obtained using the following chromaticity coordinate transformation formula:

[0038] Where, in the formula The spectral data of the light-emitting device is expressed in W / sr / nm; Km represents the maximum spectral luminous efficacy of 683 lm / W. represents the tristimulus function of the human eye (this is a standard function); A represents the test area, which is the area that a unit spot of light can cover.

[0039] After determining the chromaticity coordinate characteristics of each light-emitting device, the utilization rates of the target light-emitting device, non-target light-emitting devices, and the first device are determined based on the chromaticity coordinate characteristics and the target feature points.

[0040] The target feature point is either a pre-set feature point coordinate based on the user's color requirements, or the average value of the chromaticity coordinates of all light-emitting devices is used to determine the target feature point.

[0041] When determining the utilization rate of the target light-emitting device, the non-target light-emitting device, and the first device based on the chromaticity coordinate features and the target feature points, the first color difference of the light-emitting device corresponding to each chromaticity coordinate feature is first determined based on each chromaticity coordinate feature and the target feature point.

[0042] The first color difference dxy can be calculated using the following color difference formula:

[0043] Wherein, X, Y, and Z are the horizontal coordinate X, vertical coordinate Y, and vertical coordinate Z in the chromaticity coordinate feature (X, Y, X) of the light-emitting device. (x0, y0) represents the chromaticity coordinates of the target feature point, where x0 represents the horizontal coordinate of the target feature point and y0 represents the vertical coordinate of the target feature point.

[0044] The primary color difference of a light-emitting device (LED) characterizes the deviation between the color of the light emitted by the device and the standard color (or the color expected by the user) emitted by the target feature point. A larger primary color difference indicates a greater deviation between the emitted light and the standard color, which is perceptible to the human eye and thus affects the uniformity of the displayed image. Conversely, a smaller primary color difference indicates a smaller deviation, which is imperceptible to the human eye and therefore does not affect the uniformity of the displayed image.

[0045] Therefore, the first color difference is compared with a preset color difference. The preset color difference is the maximum value of a color difference that is imperceptible to the human eye. For example, the preset color difference can be 0.004, 0.005, or 0.003, etc.

[0046] When the first color difference is less than or equal to the preset color difference, the color difference is small and will not be observed by the human eye. When the first color difference is greater than the preset color difference, the color difference is large and will be observed by the human eye.

[0047] Light-emitting devices with a first color difference less than or equal to a preset color difference are identified as target light-emitting devices. In this way, the color of the light emitted by the target light-emitting device deviates little from the standard color. This small deviation will not be observed by the human eye. Therefore, the target light-emitting device can be directly placed on the driving substrate. That is, the target light-emitting devices in the incoming material can be used directly without special treatment of these target light-emitting devices during the parting or manufacturing process of the display substrate.

[0048] Light-emitting devices with a color difference greater than a preset color difference are identified as non-target light-emitting devices. As a result, the color of the light emitted by the non-target light-emitting devices deviates significantly from the standard color. This significant deviation can be observed by the human eye. Therefore, non-target light-emitting devices cannot be directly placed on the driving substrate. In other words, these non-target light-emitting devices in the incoming materials cannot be used directly. If these non-target light-emitting devices are to be used, they need to be specially processed during the parting or manufacturing process of the display substrate.

[0049] The ratio of the total number of target light-emitting devices to the total number of all light-emitting devices is determined as the first device utilization rate. The first device utilization rate is the proportion of target light-emitting devices with small color difference that can be directly used in the incoming materials.

[0050] The utilization rate of the first device is compared with a preset utilization rate, which is the minimum utilization rate of the light-emitting device preset based on actual needs. When the utilization rate of the first device is greater than or equal to the preset utilization rate, it indicates that the utilization rate of the first device meets the actual needs, does not cause a large waste of light-emitting devices, and has a low manufacturing cost. When the utilization rate of the first device is less than the preset utilization rate, it indicates that the utilization rate of the first device does not meet the actual needs, will cause a large waste of light-emitting devices, and has a high manufacturing cost. For example, the preset utilization rate can be 95%, 96%, 97%, etc.

[0051] Therefore, when the utilization rate of the first device is less than the preset utilization rate, it indicates that the proportion of the target light-emitting device is too low and the utilization rate of the light-emitting device is too low. It is necessary to classify and combine the non-target light-emitting devices in order to convert the non-target light-emitting devices into combined light-emitting devices with smaller color deviation that can be deployed on the driving substrate as much as possible.

[0052] Specifically, a classification and combination strategy is iteratively executed on all the non-target light-emitting devices to obtain the second device utilization rate and combined light-emitting devices corresponding to each classification and combination strategy, until the second device utilization rate is greater than or equal to the preset utilization rate or the number of iterations reaches the preset number.

[0053] The second device utilization rate refers to the proportion of light-emitting devices that can be directly used or deployed after executing the classification and combination strategy. When the second device utilization rate is greater than or equal to the preset utilization rate, it means that after at least one classification and combination strategy, the proportion of light-emitting devices that can be directly used or deployed has met the actual needs and will not cause a large waste of light-emitting devices, and the manufacturing cost is low. At this time, the iterative execution of the classification and combination strategy is stopped.

[0054] Alternatively, when the number of iterations reaches the preset number, it means that the preset maximum number of iterations has been reached, and continuing to iterate will not be able to further improve the utilization rate of the light-emitting device. Therefore, the iteration is stopped and the classification and combination strategy is executed.

[0055] When the human eye views a display panel, it doesn't directly perceive the color emitted by each individual light-emitting device. Instead, it perceives the neutralized color of the colors emitted by several adjacent light-emitting devices. Therefore, if one of two adjacent light-emitting devices has a larger color deviation than the other, the light emitted by these two devices will be perceived by the human eye as a neutralized color. The color of the light with the larger color deviation will be neutralized by the color of the light with the smaller color deviation, potentially resulting in a smaller color deviation perceived by the human eye, thus meeting practical requirements.

[0056] Therefore, in this application, a classification and combination strategy is adopted to divide non-target light-emitting devices into different categories, and to combine non-target light-emitting devices of different categories to obtain combined light-emitting devices. In this way, by classifying and combining non-target light-emitting devices, non-target light-emitting devices with large color deviations can be combined together, improving the color deviation of the combined light-emitting devices and making the color deviation of the combined light-emitting devices meet the uniformity requirements. This transforms non-target light-emitting devices that cannot be used directly into combined light-emitting devices that can be used directly, increasing the proportion of directly usable light-emitting devices and thus improving the utilization rate of light-emitting devices.

[0057] In this iteration, the number of categories is greater than the number of categories in the previous iteration. For example, if there are two categories in the first iteration, then there will be at least three categories in the next iteration, such as three or four categories.

[0058] The number of categories in the next iteration is greater than the number of categories in the previous iteration, so that the number of categories in each iteration is greater than the number of categories in the previous iteration. In this way, more detailed classification can be achieved by increasing the number of categories, thereby improving the precision of classification and the accuracy of subsequent combinations.

[0059] In this application, the chromaticity coordinate characteristics of all light-emitting devices are first determined. Based on the chromaticity coordinate characteristics and target feature points, the utilization rates of target light-emitting devices, non-target light-emitting devices, and the first device are determined. When the utilization rate of the first device is less than a preset utilization rate, it indicates that the proportion of target light-emitting devices is too low and the utilization rate of light-emitting devices is too low. Therefore, a classification and combination strategy is iteratively executed on all non-target light-emitting devices to obtain the second device utilization rate and combined light-emitting devices corresponding to each classification and combination strategy. This process continues until the second device utilization rate is greater than or equal to the preset utilization rate or the number of iterations reaches a preset number. In this way, by classifying and combining non-target light-emitting devices, non-target light-emitting devices with large color deviations can be combined together, so that the color deviation of the combined light-emitting devices is adjusted and improved, thereby enabling the color deviation of the combined light-emitting devices to meet the uniformity requirements. In this way, non-target light-emitting devices that cannot be used directly are transformed into combined light-emitting devices that can be used directly, increasing the proportion of directly usable light-emitting devices, thereby increasing the utilization rate of light-emitting devices and reducing manufacturing costs.

[0060] In some embodiments, the execution of the classification combination strategy includes: Determine the number of categories and the target category feature center for each category; Determine the target center distance between the chromaticity coordinate features of each non-target light-emitting device and the feature center of each target category; Based on the target center distance, determine the non-target light-emitting devices included in each category; Based on the target feature points and the non-target light-emitting devices, a combined light-emitting device is obtained; The ratio of the total number of target light-emitting devices and combined light-emitting devices to the total number of all light-emitting devices is determined as the second device utilization rate.

[0061] Specifically, the number of categories and the target category feature center for each category are first determined. The number of categories varies depending on the iteration of the classification combination strategy. For example, the number of categories can be two in the first iteration, three in the second iteration, four in the third iteration, and so on.

[0062] The target category feature center is different for each category. The target category feature center is the reference center for all non-target light-emitting devices in that category. The target category feature center needs to be determined by the strategy determined by the iterative execution center to finally determine the most suitable target category feature center.

[0063] Determine the target center distance between the chromaticity coordinate feature of each non-target light-emitting device and the feature center of each target category. For example, there are two categories, each corresponding to a target category feature center. Therefore, the target center distance is determined by measuring the distance between the chromaticity coordinate feature of each non-target light-emitting device and the feature center of each target category.

[0064] Then, based on the target center distance, the non-target light-emitting devices included in each category are determined. Specifically, for each non-target light-emitting device, the target center distance between the non-target light-emitting device and the target category feature center of each category is compared, and the category corresponding to the smaller target center distance is determined as the category corresponding to the non-target light-emitting device.

[0065] After classifying all non-target light-emitting devices, determine whether the number of non-target light-emitting devices in each category meets the requirements.

[0066] Only when the number of non-target light-emitting devices in each category is less than or equal to the preset number, and the difference between the number of non-target light-emitting devices in any two categories is less than or equal to the preset difference, is it determined that the number of non-target light-emitting devices in each category meets the requirements, and the classification strategy is completed.

[0067] The preset number is the ratio of the total number of light-emitting devices to the total number of categories. If the ratio is not an integer, then the nearest integer larger than the ratio is used to determine the preset number. For example, if the total number of light-emitting devices is 50 and the total number of categories is 2, then the preset number is 25. If the total number of light-emitting devices is 50 and the total number of categories is 3, then the preset number is 17.

[0068] The preset number difference is the maximum value of the differences between the number of non-target light-emitting devices in all preset categories. When the difference is less than or equal to the preset number difference, it indicates that the difference between the number of non-target light-emitting devices in each category is small, the classification is relatively uniform, and it is convenient for subsequent combination. If the difference is greater than the preset number difference, it indicates that the difference between the number of non-target light-emitting devices in each category is large, the classification is uneven, and it is not conducive to subsequent combination. For example, the preset number difference is 1 or 2, etc.

[0069] For example, the total number of light-emitting devices is 50, the total number of categories is 3, the preset number is 17, and the preset number difference is 1. After classification, one category has 16 non-target light-emitting devices, another category has 17 non-target light-emitting devices, and yet another category has 17 non-target light-emitting devices. At this point, the number of non-target light-emitting devices in each category is less than or equal to the preset number, and the difference between the number of non-target light-emitting devices in any two categories is less than or equal to the preset number difference. At this point, it is determined that the number of non-target light-emitting devices in each category meets the requirements, and the classification strategy is completed.

[0070] For example, the total number of light-emitting devices is 50, the total number of categories is 3, the preset number is 17, and the preset number difference is 1. After classification, one category has 10 non-target light-emitting devices, another category has 15 non-target light-emitting devices, and another category has 25 non-target light-emitting devices. At this point, not every category has a number of non-target light-emitting devices less than or equal to the preset number, and not every difference between the number of non-target light-emitting devices in any two categories is less than or equal to the preset number difference. In this case, it is determined that the number of non-target light-emitting devices in each category does not meet the requirements, and the classification strategy has not been completed. Reclassification is required.

[0071] Therefore, if the number of non-target light-emitting devices in a certain category is greater than the preset number, or the difference between the number of non-target light-emitting devices in any two categories is greater than the preset difference, then the excess non-target light-emitting devices in the category with a large number of non-target light-emitting devices need to be allocated to other categories to ensure that the number of non-target light-emitting devices in each category finally determined meets the requirements.

[0072] After determining the non-target light-emitting devices included in each category, the non-target light-emitting devices in different categories are combined based on the target feature points and the non-target light-emitting devices to obtain combined light-emitting devices. The combined light-emitting devices obtained at this time are combinations of light-emitting devices that can be directly used or deployed.

[0073] Finally, the ratio of the total number of target light-emitting devices and combined light-emitting devices to the total number of all light-emitting devices is determined as the second device utilization rate. The second device utilization rate refers to the proportion of light-emitting devices that can be directly used or deployed after the classification and combination strategy is implemented.

[0074] In this application, all non-target light-emitting devices are classified based on the target center distance, and the non-target light-emitting devices included in each category are determined. Then, based on the target feature points and the non-target light-emitting devices, the non-target light-emitting devices in different categories are combined to obtain combined light-emitting devices. The combined light-emitting devices obtained at this time are combinations of light-emitting devices that can be used or deployed directly, thus improving the utilization rate of light-emitting devices that can be used directly.

[0075] In some embodiments, determining the number of categories and the target category feature center corresponding to each category includes: Determine the number of categories and the initial category feature centers corresponding to each category number; Based on the non-target light-emitting device, the center determination strategy is iteratively executed to obtain the updated category feature center and feature center difference for each category corresponding to each center determination strategy, until each feature center difference is less than or equal to a preset difference, or the number of iterations reaches a preset feature iteration number; wherein, the feature center difference is used to characterize the deviation between the updated category feature center of all categories and the target feature point; The updated category feature center corresponding to the center determination strategy of the last iteration is determined as the target category feature center.

[0076] Specifically, an initial category feature center is determined for each number of categories. The initial category feature center can be a random feature center point selected based on the target feature point, as long as the average value of the initial category feature centers corresponding to all categories is equal to the target feature point. The initial category feature center can also be a center point preset based on historical experience.

[0077] Then, based on the non-target light-emitting device, the center determination strategy is iteratively executed to obtain the updated category feature center and feature center difference corresponding to each center determination strategy. In this way, the updated category feature center can be continuously updated through iteration until the feature center difference is less than or equal to a preset difference or the number of iterations reaches a preset feature iteration number. At this time, the number of iterations reaches the upper limit or continuing to iterate cannot further reduce the feature center difference, and thus it is impossible to further reduce the feature center difference used to characterize the deviation between the updated category feature center of all categories and the target feature point. Therefore, the iteration stops, and the updated category feature center corresponding to the center determination strategy of the last iteration is determined as the target category feature center.

[0078] In this application, by determining the strategy through iterative execution center, the initial category feature center can be updated to obtain the updated category feature center for each category. Each iteration will yield a new updated category feature center for each category. After multiple iterations, the optimal target category feature center can be obtained, thereby improving the accuracy of classification of non-target light-emitting devices based on the target category feature center.

[0079] In some embodiments, the execution center determines the strategy, including: Determine the initial center distance between each non-target light-emitting device and each category feature center; the category feature center is either the initial category feature center or the updated category feature center. The non-target light-emitting devices included in each category are determined based on the initial center distance; The average value of the chromaticity coordinate features of all non-target light-emitting devices in each category is used as the updated category feature center for that category. Based on the updated category feature centers of all categories and the target feature points, the feature center difference is determined.

[0080] Specifically, when determining the strategy at the execution center, the initial center distance between each non-target light-emitting device and each category feature center is first determined; the category feature center is either the initial category feature center or the updated category feature center.

[0081] Then, based on the initial center distance, the non-target light-emitting devices included in each category are determined. Determining the non-target light-emitting devices included in each category based on the initial center distance is completely consistent with the aforementioned process of "determining the non-target light-emitting devices included in each category based on the target center distance," except that "target center distance" is replaced with "initial center distance." All other steps and conditions are identical and will not be elaborated upon here.

[0082] Then, the average value of the chromaticity coordinates of all non-target light-emitting devices in each category is determined as the updated category feature center for that category. Thus, the color of the light emitted by the updated category feature center can represent the neutral or average color of the light emitted by all non-target light-emitting devices in that category.

[0083] Then, based on the updated category feature centers of all categories and the target feature points, the feature center difference is determined. Specifically, the average value of the updated category feature centers of all categories is determined as the feature center average value. In this way, the color of the light emitted by the feature center average value can represent the neutral or average color of the light emitted by all non-target light-emitting devices of all categories.

[0084] Finally, the distance between the average value of the feature centers and the target feature point is determined as the feature center difference. Thus, the feature center difference can characterize the distance deviation between the updated category feature centers of all categories and the target feature point, and can further represent the color deviation between the average color of the light emitted by all non-target light-emitting devices of all categories and the standard color (or the color expected by the user) emitted by the target feature point.

[0085] In some embodiments, the number of categories is two, including a first category and a second category; the method of obtaining a combined light-emitting device based on the target feature points and the non-target light-emitting device includes: Each non-target light-emitting device in the first category is identified as the original sample device; Based on the target feature points and the original sample device, a standard sample device corresponding to each of the original sample devices is determined from all non-target emitters in the second category. The original sample device and the corresponding standard sample device are identified as a combined light-emitting device.

[0086] Specifically, each non-target light-emitting device in the first category is identified as an original sample device. Based on the target feature points and the original sample devices, a standard sample device corresponding to each original sample device is determined from all non-target light-emitting devices in the second category. Specifically: For each original sample device, based on the chromaticity coordinate features and target feature points corresponding to the original sample device, the first theoretical light-emitting device feature corresponding to the original sample device is determined. The first theoretical light-emitting device feature is the difference between twice the target feature point and the chromaticity coordinate features corresponding to the original sample device. That is, the average value of the first theoretical light-emitting device feature and the chromaticity coordinate features corresponding to the original sample device is the target feature point.

[0087] Thus, the determined first theoretical light-emitting device feature is the optimal color coordinate feature corresponding to the device used to combine with the original sample device. If the original sample device is combined with the light-emitting device corresponding to the first theoretical light-emitting device feature, the colors of the light emitted by the two devices, after mixing or neutralizing, will be exactly the same as the colors of the light emitted by the target feature point. In this way, the combined light-emitting device satisfies the requirement of light uniformity.

[0088] However, in actual implementation, there may not be a non-target light-emitting device that exactly corresponds to the characteristics of the first theoretical light-emitting device. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the chromaticity coordinate feature that is closest to the characteristics of the first theoretical light-emitting device from the chromaticity coordinate features of all non-target light-emitting devices in the second category. The non-target light-emitting device corresponding to the closest chromaticity coordinate feature is the best non-target light-emitting device to be combined with the original sample device. If the original sample device is combined with the non-target light-emitting device, the color of the light emitted by the two devices will be basically the same as the color of the light emitted by the target feature point after mixing or neutralization. The light-emitting device after such combination satisfies the requirement of light uniformity.

[0089] Therefore, a first distance is determined between the chromaticity coordinate features of each non-target light-emitting device in the second category and the features of the first theoretical light-emitting device; the non-target light-emitting device corresponding to the smallest first distance among all the first distances is determined as the standard sample device corresponding to the original sample device. In this way, the final determined standard sample device is the non-target light-emitting device that is most suitable to be combined with the original sample device in all the second categories. If the original sample device is combined with the non-target light-emitting device, the color of the light emitted by the two after mixing or neutralizing will be basically the same as the color of the light emitted by the target feature point and not much different. In this way, the light-emitting device after combination meets the requirement of light uniformity.

[0090] Finally, the original sample device and the corresponding standard sample device are identified as a combined light-emitting device. In this way, the standard sample device and the original sample device, which could not be used directly alone, are transformed into a combined light-emitting device that can be used together, thereby improving the utilization rate of the light-emitting device.

[0091] In some embodiments, determining the original sample device and the corresponding standard sample device as a combined light-emitting device includes: Based on the chromaticity coordinate characteristics of the original sample device and the chromaticity coordinate characteristics of the standard sample device, a first average coordinate characteristic is determined; The second color difference is determined based on the first average coordinate features and the target feature points; In response to the second color difference being less than or equal to a preset color difference, the original sample device and the corresponding standard sample device are determined to be a combined light-emitting device.

[0092] Specifically, the average of the chromaticity coordinate features of the original sample device and the standard sample device is determined as the first average coordinate feature. Based on the first average coordinate feature and the target feature point, the second color difference is determined. The formula for determining the second color difference is basically the same as the formula for determining the first color difference, except that X, Y, and Z in the formula are replaced with the horizontal, vertical, and axial coordinates of the first average coordinate feature.

[0093] The second color difference represents the deviation between the color of the light emitted by the light-emitting device corresponding to the first average coordinate feature and the standard color (or the color expected by the user) emitted by the target feature point.

[0094] When the second color difference is less than or equal to the preset color difference, it indicates that the color of the light emitted by the light-emitting device corresponding to the first average coordinate feature has a small deviation from the standard color (or the color expected by the user) emitted by the target feature point. This further indicates that the color of the light emitted by the original sample device and the corresponding standard sample device together has a small deviation from the standard color emitted by the target feature point, thus satisfying the principle of display consistency. Therefore, the original sample device and the corresponding standard sample device are determined as a combined light-emitting device. The determined combined light-emitting device is a device that can be used directly. That is, the original sample device and the corresponding standard sample device can be directly deployed on the driving substrate by being arranged adjacent to each other. In this way, the standard sample device and the original sample device, which could not be used directly alone, are transformed into a combined light-emitting device that can be used directly together, thereby improving the utilization rate of the light-emitting device.

[0095] In some embodiments, the number of categories is at least three, and all categories include at least two third categories and one fourth category; the method of obtaining a combined light-emitting device based on the target feature points and the non-target light-emitting device includes: All non-target light-emitting devices in each of the third categories are sorted according to the sorting rules to obtain the corresponding device sequences; wherein, the sorting rules for at least one third category are different from the sorting rules for other third categories. Based on all the device sequences, multiple device combinations are determined; wherein, the device combination is a combination of non-target light-emitting devices at the same position in each device sequence; Based on the target feature points and the device combination, a reference device corresponding to each device combination is determined from all non-target emitters in the fourth category; The combination of the aforementioned devices and the corresponding reference device are defined as a combined light-emitting device.

[0096] Specifically, all non-target light-emitting devices in each of the third categories are sorted according to sorting rules to obtain the corresponding device sequence; wherein, the sorting rules include different forward sorting rules or reverse sorting rules.

[0097] The sorting rule for at least one third category differs from the sorting rules for the other third categories; that is, the sorting rule for at least one third category is a forward sorting rule, while the sorting rules for the other third categories are reverse sorting rules. Alternatively, the sorting rule for at least one third category is a reverse sorting rule, while the sorting rules for the other third categories are forward sorting rules.

[0098] The forward sorting rule is to arrange all non-target light-emitting devices in a third category in ascending order of the distance between the non-target light-emitting devices and the target category feature center of that category.

[0099] The reverse sorting rule is to arrange all non-target light-emitting devices in a third category in descending order of the distance between the non-target light-emitting devices and the target category feature center of that category.

[0100] Then, based on all the device sequences, multiple device combinations are determined; wherein the device combination is a combination of non-target light-emitting devices at the same position in each device sequence.

[0101] For example, there are three third categories and one fourth category. The device sequence obtained by sorting the first third category according to the forward sorting rule is A1, A2, A3, A4, A5. The device sequence obtained by sorting the second third category according to the forward sorting rule is B1, B2, B3, B4, B5. The device sequence obtained by sorting the third third category according to the reverse sorting rule is C1, C2, C3, C4, C5.

[0102] Then, the combination of non-target light-emitting devices at the same position in each device sequence is determined as a device combination. Thus, the device combinations obtained are as follows: device combination 1 (including A1, B1 and C1), device combination 2 (including A2, B2 and C2), device combination 3 (including A3, B3 and C3), device combination 4 (including A4, B4 and C4), and device combination 5 (including A5, B5 and C5).

[0103] After determining the device combination, based on the target feature points and the device combination, a reference device corresponding to each device combination is determined from all non-target emitters in the fourth category. Specifically, For each device combination, a second theoretical light-emitting device feature is determined based on the chromaticity coordinate features and the target feature point corresponding to the device combination. Specifically, the sum of the chromaticity coordinate features of all non-target light-emitting devices in the device combination is defined as the first sum. The second theoretical light-emitting device feature is the difference between twice the target feature point and the first sum; that is, the average value of the second theoretical light-emitting device feature and the chromaticity coordinate features corresponding to the device combination is the target feature point.

[0104] Thus, the determined second theoretical light-emitting device feature is the optimal color coordinate feature for the combination of the devices. If the combination of devices is combined with the light-emitting device corresponding to the second theoretical light-emitting device feature, then the color of the light emitted by the two devices, after mixing or neutralizing, will be exactly the same as the color of the light emitted by the target feature point. In this way, the combined light-emitting device satisfies the requirement of light uniformity.

[0105] However, in actual implementation, there may not be a non-target light-emitting device that exactly corresponds to the characteristics of the second theoretical light-emitting device. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the chromaticity coordinate feature that is closest to the characteristics of the second theoretical light-emitting device from the chromaticity coordinate features of all non-target light-emitting devices in the fourth category. The non-target light-emitting device corresponding to the closest chromaticity coordinate feature is the best non-target light-emitting device to be combined with this device. If this device is combined with this non-target light-emitting device, the colors of the light emitted by the two devices, after mixing or neutralizing, will be basically the same as the color of the light emitted by the target feature point and not much different. In this way, the light-emitting device after combination meets the requirement of light uniformity.

[0106] Therefore, a second distance is determined between the chromaticity coordinate features of each non-target light-emitting device in the fourth category and the features of the second theoretical light-emitting device. The non-target light-emitting device corresponding to the smallest second distance among all the second distances is determined as the reference device corresponding to the device combination. In this way, the final determined reference device is the non-target light-emitting device that is most suitable to be combined with the device in all the fourth categories. If the device combination is combined with the non-target light-emitting device, the color of the light emitted by the two after mixing or neutralizing will be basically the same as the color of the light emitted by the target feature point and not much different. In this way, the light-emitting device after combination satisfies the requirement of light uniformity.

[0107] Finally, the device combination and the corresponding reference device are determined as a combined light-emitting device. In this way, each non-target light-emitting device and reference device in the device combination that could not be used directly alone are transformed into a combined light-emitting device that can be used directly together, thereby improving the utilization rate of the light-emitting device.

[0108] In some embodiments, determining the device combination and the corresponding reference device as a combined light-emitting device includes: Based on the chromaticity coordinate characteristics of the device combination and the chromaticity coordinate characteristics of the reference device, a second average coordinate characteristic is determined; The third color difference is determined based on the second average coordinate features and the target feature points; In response to the third color difference being less than or equal to a preset color difference, the device combination and the corresponding reference device are determined to be a combined light-emitting device.

[0109] Specifically, the average value of the chromaticity coordinate features of the device assembly and the chromaticity coordinate features of the reference device is determined as the second average coordinate feature. Based on the second average coordinate feature and the target feature point, the third color difference is determined. The formula for determining the third color difference is basically the same as the formula for determining the first color difference, except that X, Y, and Z in the formula are replaced with the horizontal, vertical, and axial coordinates of the second average coordinate feature.

[0110] The third color difference represents the deviation between the color of the light emitted by the light-emitting device corresponding to the second average coordinate feature and the standard color (or the color expected by the user) emitted by the target feature point.

[0111] When the third color difference is less than or equal to the preset color difference, it indicates that the color of the light emitted by the light-emitting device corresponding to the second average coordinate feature has a small deviation from the standard color (or the color expected by the user) emitted by the target feature point. This further indicates that the color of the light emitted by the device combination and the corresponding reference device together has a small deviation from the standard color emitted by the target feature point, thus satisfying the principle of display consistency. Therefore, the device combination and the corresponding reference device are determined as a combined light-emitting device. The determined combined light-emitting device is a device that can be used directly. That is, the device combination and the corresponding reference device can be directly deployed on the driving substrate when they are arranged adjacent to each other. In this way, the device combination and the reference device that could not be used directly alone are transformed into a combined light-emitting device that can be used directly together, thus improving the utilization rate of the light-emitting device.

[0112] This application also provides a method for preparing a display substrate, comprising: placing the target light-emitting device and the combined light-emitting device obtained by the above-described arbitrary classification and combination method embodiments on a driving substrate to obtain a display substrate; wherein, all non-target light-emitting devices in each of the combined light-emitting devices are arranged adjacent to each other.

[0113] In this application, all non-target light-emitting devices in each of the combined light-emitting devices are arranged adjacently, so that the color of the light emitted by each non-target light-emitting device in the adjacent combined light-emitting devices is basically the same as and not much different from the color of the light emitted by the target feature point after mixing or neutralization. Thus, the combined light-emitting device meets the requirement of light uniformity.

[0114] In addition, since the color of the light emitted by the target light-emitting device is basically the same as the color of the light emitted by the target feature point, the target light-emitting device can be deployed independently, and there are no requirements for the deployment position of the target light-emitting device.

[0115] Thus, by placing the target light-emitting device and the combined light-emitting device on the driving substrate to obtain the display substrate, the utilization rate of the light-emitting device can be improved, the manufacturing cost can be reduced, the uniformity of the display interface can be ensured, and the user's viewing experience can be improved.

[0116] For specific implementation, please refer to Figure 7 As shown, the method for classifying and combining light-emitting devices includes the following steps: a) First, convert all LED light-emitting devices to the color space and calculate the first color difference between the LED light-emitting devices and the target feature point. The target feature point can be a color coordinate specified by the customer, or it can be a center value calculated based on the color coordinates of all LED light-emitting devices.

[0117] b) Separate LED light-emitting devices that meet the color difference requirements from those that do not, and calculate the proportion of usable LED light-emitting devices, i.e., the first device utilization rate (theoretically, the closer this value is to 1, the higher the utilization rate of the incoming LED light-emitting devices. However, as the subsequent algorithm is performed, the complexity and efficiency of the calculation will decrease significantly. In actual use, it is necessary to set it according to the overall effect).

[0118] c) If the utilization rate of LED light-emitting devices is insufficient, the LED light-emitting devices are divided into two categories. The feature center of each category of LED light-emitting devices is calculated, and a combination strategy is used to combine them. After the calculation is completed, the LED light-emitting device combination pairs that meet the color difference requirements (i.e., combined light-emitting devices) are selected, and the utilization rate of LED light-emitting devices is calculated to see if it meets the standard.

[0119] d) If the utilization rate of LED light-emitting devices is insufficient, the LED light-emitting devices are classified into three categories. The feature center of each category of LED light-emitting devices is calculated, and a combination strategy is used to combine them. After the calculation is completed, the LED light-emitting device combination pairs that meet the color difference requirements (i.e., combined light-emitting devices) are selected, and the utilization rate of LED light-emitting devices is calculated to see if it meets the standard.

[0120] e) Stop the calculation when the utilization rate of the LED light-emitting device reaches the required level.

[0121] f) Print the qualified LED light-emitting devices (i.e., the LED light-emitting devices that meet the color difference requirements for the first time and the LED light-emitting device combination pairs obtained by classification and combination). The LED light-emitting devices that meet the requirements for the first time can be printed randomly, and the LED light-emitting device combination pairs obtained by second classification, third classification, etc. need to be printed in adjacent positions.

[0122] Further, see Figure 8 As shown, the classification method specifically includes the following steps: (a) LED light-emitting device classification is to classify LED light-emitting devices into several categories according to requirements. The key lies in the constraint of the feature center point and the limitation of the number of LED light-emitting devices in each category. (b) In order to ensure that all LED light-emitting devices are used as much as possible and maximize the utilization rate of LED light-emitting devices, it is necessary to ensure that the number of LED light-emitting devices in each category is as similar as possible after each classification. (c) In order to ensure that the color difference between the first selected usable LED light-emitting devices and the LED light-emitting devices obtained in the subsequent second and third classifications is as small as possible, it is necessary to ensure that the target feature center is consistent in each calculation (set the target feature point of the first selected LED light-emitting device as the average value of all LED light-emitting devices, set the target feature of the second selection as the average value of the feature centers of the two types of LED light-emitting devices, set the target feature of the third selection as the average value of the feature centers of the three types of LED light-emitting devices, and so on).

[0123] In order to ensure that the number of LED light-emitting devices in each category is as consistent as possible, a limit is added on the number of LED light-emitting devices. For example, if the number of LED light-emitting devices to be classified is m, then the number of LED light-emitting devices in each category in the two categories is m / 2.

[0124] First, calculate the distance from each LED to the feature center of each category. When the number of LEDs in a category does not reach the limit, prioritize assigning LEDs to the closer categories until all LEDs are assigned.

[0125] To ensure that the color difference between the first selected usable LED light-emitting devices and the LED light-emitting devices obtained in subsequent binary and ternary classifications is as small as possible, it is necessary to ensure that the target feature center is consistent in each calculation. To achieve this goal, the gradient descent algorithm is used to calculate the gradient difference between the average value of the feature centers of the two types of LED light-emitting devices and the feature center set in the first step, and this gradient difference is updated to the new feature center for iterative optimization.

[0126] Further, see Figure 9 As shown, the final step is to combine the LED light-emitting devices, that is, to find the LED light-emitting device combination pairs that meet the requirements, ensuring that the color difference of this LED light-emitting device combination pair to the feature center meets the requirements. The specific process is as follows: A) Sort the LEDs in the first category according to their distance from the feature center of each LED in the first category; B) Select an LED light-emitting device from the sorting results, and calculate the theoretical LED light-emitting device characteristics (i.e., the first theoretical light-emitting device characteristics) based on the target feature points and the selected LED light-emitting device. C) Search for the LED light-emitting device (i.e., standard sample device) that is closest to the characteristics of the theoretical LED light-emitting device in the second type of LED light-emitting device. D) Calculate whether the second color difference between the combined pair and the target feature meets the requirements; E) Until all samples of the first category of LED light-emitting devices have been calculated, i.e., from all non-target light-emitting devices in the second category, determine the standard sample device corresponding to each of the original sample devices.

[0127] The above algorithm was used to perform combined calculations on LED light-emitting devices, and the results were visualized. The simulated color deviation was set to a preset deviation ≤0.004, and the preset utilization rate ≥95%. Finally, through the first screening and binary / triple classification combinations, the utilization rate of the LED light-emitting devices reached over 97%, and the final display effect is as follows: Figures 10A-10H As shown, where, Figure 10A This is a display effect diagram when blue light-emitting devices are not categorized and combined. Figure 10B Display effect diagram after classifying and combining blue light-emitting devices. Figure 10C This is a display effect diagram showing the green light-emitting devices without being categorized and combined. Figure 10D Display effect diagram after classifying and combining green light-emitting devices. Figure 10E This is a display effect diagram when the red light-emitting devices are not categorized and combined. Figure 10F This is a diagram showing the display effect of red LEDs after being categorized and combined. Figure 10G This is a display effect when blue, green, and red light-emitting devices are mixed together without any categorization or combination. Figure 10H The image shows the display effect after mixing, classifying, and combining blue, green, and red light-emitting devices.

[0128] like Figures 10A-10H The uniformity of the LED light-emitting devices after combination is visibly improved, which can fully meet the final display requirements.

[0129] It is worth noting that the target feature point, target category feature center, initial category feature center, updated category feature center, first theoretical light-emitting device feature, first average coordinate feature, second theoretical light-emitting device feature, and second average coordinate feature in this application are all coordinates in color coordinate space.

[0130] All average values ​​and all distances calculated in this application are calculations of average values ​​between coordinates and calculations of distances between coordinates.

[0131] This application also provides a display substrate prepared by any of the above-described preparation method embodiments. The display substrate possesses the technical effects described in any of the above embodiments, which will not be elaborated upon here.

[0132] This application also provides a display device, including the display substrate described in any of the above embodiments.

[0133] The display device can be a product with image display function, such as: monitor, television, billboard, digital photo frame, laser printer with display function, telephone, mobile phone, personal digital assistant (PDA), digital camera, portable camcorder, viewfinder, navigator, vehicle, large wall area, home appliance, information query equipment (such as business query equipment of e-government, bank, hospital, power and other departments, monitor, etc.).

[0134] The display device has the technical effects described in any of the above embodiments, which will not be elaborated here.

[0135] Based on the same inventive concept, corresponding to any of the above embodiments, this application also provides a sorting and combining device for light-emitting devices.

[0136] refer to Figure 11 The sorting and assembling device for the light-emitting devices includes: The determination module 100 is configured to determine the chromaticity coordinate characteristics of all light-emitting devices, and based on the chromaticity coordinate characteristics and target feature points, determine the utilization rate of the target light-emitting device, non-target light-emitting devices, and the first device; The execution module 200 is configured to, in response to the first device utilization rate being less than a preset utilization rate, iteratively execute a classification and combination strategy on all the non-target light-emitting devices to obtain the second device utilization rate and combined light-emitting devices corresponding to each classification and combination strategy, until the second device utilization rate is greater than or equal to the preset utilization rate or the number of iterations reaches a preset number. The classification and combination strategy is used to divide non-target light-emitting devices into different categories and combine non-target light-emitting devices of different categories to obtain combined light-emitting devices. The number of categories in the next iteration is greater than the number of categories in the previous iteration.

[0137] For ease of description, the above devices are described in terms of function, divided into various modules. Of course, in implementing this application, the functions of each module can be implemented in one or more software and / or hardware.

[0138] The apparatus of the above embodiments is used to implement the classification and combination method of the corresponding light-emitting devices in any of the foregoing embodiments, and has the beneficial effects of the corresponding method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0139] Based on the same inventive concept, corresponding to the methods of any of the above embodiments, this application also provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the classification and combination method of light-emitting devices described in any of the above embodiments.

[0140] Figure 12 This embodiment illustrates a more specific hardware structure of an electronic device. The device may include a processor 1010, a memory 1020, an input / output interface 1030, a communication interface 1040, and a bus 1050. The processor 1010, memory 1020, input / output interface 1030, and communication interface 1040 are interconnected internally via the bus 1050.

[0141] The processor 1010 can be implemented using a general-purpose CPU (Central Processing Unit), microprocessor, application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits, and is used to execute relevant programs to implement the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this specification.

[0142] The memory 1020 can be implemented in the form of ROM (Read Only Memory), RAM (Random Access Memory), static storage device, dynamic storage device, etc. The memory 1020 can store the operating system and other applications. When the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this specification are implemented by software or firmware, the relevant program code is stored in the memory 1020 and is called and executed by the processor 1010.

[0143] The input / output interface 1030 is used to connect input / output modules to realize information input and output. Input / output modules can be configured as components within the device (not shown in the figure) or externally connected to the device to provide corresponding functions. Input devices may include keyboards, mice, touchscreens, microphones, various sensors, etc., while output devices may include displays, speakers, vibrators, indicator lights, etc.

[0144] The communication interface 1040 is used to connect a communication module (not shown in the figure) to enable communication between this device and other devices. The communication module can communicate via wired means (such as USB, Ethernet cable, etc.) or wireless means (such as mobile network, WIFI, Bluetooth, etc.).

[0145] Bus 1050 includes a pathway for transmitting information between various components of the device, such as processor 1010, memory 1020, input / output interface 1030, and communication interface 1040.

[0146] It should be noted that although the above-described device only shows the processor 1010, memory 1020, input / output interface 1030, communication interface 1040, and bus 1050, in specific implementations, the device may also include other components necessary for normal operation. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that the above-described device may only include the components necessary for implementing the embodiments of this specification, and not necessarily all the components shown in the figures.

[0147] The electronic devices described above are used to implement the classification and combination method of the corresponding light-emitting devices in any of the foregoing embodiments, and have the beneficial effects of the corresponding method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0148] Based on the same inventive concept, corresponding to the methods of any of the above embodiments, this application also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions for causing the computer to execute the classification and combination method of light-emitting devices as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0149] The computer-readable medium of this embodiment includes permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media, and information storage can be implemented by any method or technology. Information can be computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase-change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technologies, CD-ROM, digital versatile optical disc (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transfer medium that can be used to store information accessible by a computing device.

[0150] The computer instructions stored in the storage medium of the above embodiments are used to cause the computer to execute the classification and combination method of light-emitting devices as described in any of the above embodiments, and have the beneficial effects of the corresponding method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0151] Based on the same inventive concept, corresponding to any of the above embodiments, this application also provides a computer program product, including computer program instructions. When the computer program instructions are run on a computer, the computer causes the computer to execute the classification and combination method of light-emitting devices as described in any of the above embodiments, which has the beneficial effects of the corresponding method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0152] It is understood that before using the technical solutions of the various embodiments in this application, users will be informed of the type, scope of use, and usage scenarios of the personal information involved in an appropriate manner, and user authorization will be obtained.

[0153] For example, upon receiving a user's active request, a prompt message is sent to the user to explicitly inform them that the requested operation will require the acquisition and use of the user's personal information. This allows the user to independently choose, based on the prompt message, whether to provide personal information to the software or hardware such as electronic devices, applications, servers, or storage media performing the operations described in this application.

[0154] As an optional but not limited implementation, in response to a user's active request, sending a prompt message to the user can be done via a pop-up window, where the prompt message can be presented in text format. Furthermore, the pop-up window can also include a selection control allowing the user to choose "agree" or "disagree" to provide personal information to the electronic device.

[0155] It is understood that the above notification and user authorization process is merely illustrative and does not limit the implementation of this application. Other methods that comply with relevant laws and regulations may also be applied to the implementation of this application.

[0156] Those skilled in the art should understand that the discussion of any of the above embodiments is merely exemplary and is not intended to imply that the scope of this application is limited to these examples; under the concept of this application, the technical features of the above embodiments or different embodiments can also be combined, the steps can be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of different aspects of the embodiments of this application as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of brevity.

[0157] Additionally, to simplify the description and discussion, and to avoid obscuring the embodiments of this application, the well-known power / ground connections to integrated circuit (IC) chips and other components may or may not be shown in the provided drawings. Furthermore, the apparatus may be shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring the embodiments of this application, and this also takes into account the fact that the details of the implementation of these block diagram apparatuses are highly dependent on the platform on which the embodiments of this application will be implemented (i.e., these details should be fully understood by those skilled in the art). While specific details (e.g., circuits) have been set forth to describe exemplary embodiments of this application, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the embodiments of this application can be implemented without these specific details or with variations thereof. Therefore, these descriptions should be considered illustrative rather than restrictive.

[0158] Although this application has been described in conjunction with specific embodiments thereof, many substitutions, modifications, and variations of these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description. For example, other memory architectures (e.g., dynamic RAM (DRAM)) may be used with the embodiments discussed.

[0159] The embodiments of this application are intended to cover all such substitutions, modifications, and variations that fall within the broad scope of this application. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the embodiments of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A method for classifying and combining light-emitting devices, characterized in that, include: Determine the chromaticity coordinate characteristics of all light-emitting devices, and based on the chromaticity coordinate characteristics and target feature points, determine the utilization rates of target light-emitting devices, non-target light-emitting devices, and the first device; In response to the first device utilization rate being less than the preset utilization rate, a classification and combination strategy is iteratively executed on all the non-target light-emitting devices to obtain the second device utilization rate and combined light-emitting devices corresponding to each classification and combination strategy, until the second device utilization rate is greater than or equal to the preset utilization rate or the number of iterations reaches the preset number. The classification and combination strategy is used to divide non-target light-emitting devices into different categories and combine non-target light-emitting devices of different categories to obtain combined light-emitting devices. The number of categories in the next iteration is greater than the number of categories in the previous iteration.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of determining the utilization rates of the target light-emitting device, non-target light-emitting device, and first device based on the chromaticity coordinate features and target feature points includes: Based on each chromaticity coordinate feature and the target feature point, determine the first color difference of the light-emitting device corresponding to each chromaticity coordinate feature; Light-emitting devices with a first color difference less than or equal to a preset color difference are identified as target light-emitting devices, and light-emitting devices with a first color difference greater than a preset color difference are identified as non-target light-emitting devices. The ratio of the total number of target light-emitting devices to the total number of all light-emitting devices is determined as the first device utilization rate.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The implementation of the classification and combination strategy includes: Determine the number of categories and the target category feature center for each category; Determine the target center distance between the chromaticity coordinate features of each non-target light-emitting device and the feature center of each target category; Based on the target center distance, determine the non-target light-emitting devices included in each category; Based on the target feature points and the non-target light-emitting devices, a combined light-emitting device is obtained; The ratio of the total number of target light-emitting devices and combined light-emitting devices to the total number of all light-emitting devices is determined as the second device utilization rate.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The determination of the number of categories and the target category feature center corresponding to each category includes: Determine the number of categories and the initial category feature centers corresponding to each category number; Based on the non-target light-emitting device, the center determination strategy is iteratively executed to obtain the updated category feature center and feature center difference for each category corresponding to each center determination strategy, until each feature center difference is less than or equal to a preset difference, or the number of iterations reaches a preset feature iteration number; wherein, the feature center difference is used to characterize the deviation between the updated category feature center of all categories and the target feature point; The updated category feature center corresponding to the center determination strategy of the last iteration is determined as the target category feature center.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The execution center determines the strategy, including: Determine the initial center distance between each non-target light-emitting device and each category feature center; the category feature center is either the initial category feature center or the updated category feature center. The non-target light-emitting devices included in each category are determined based on the initial center distance; The average value of the chromaticity coordinate features of all non-target light-emitting devices in each category is used as the updated category feature center for that category. Based on the updated category feature centers of all categories and the target feature points, the feature center difference is determined.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The step of determining the feature center difference based on the updated category feature centers of all categories and the target feature points includes: The average value of the updated category feature centers for all categories is determined as the feature center average. The distance between the average value of the feature centers and the target feature point is determined as the feature center difference.

7. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, There are two categories, including a first category and a second category; The method of obtaining a combined light-emitting device based on the target feature points and the non-target light-emitting device includes: Each non-target light-emitting device in the first category is identified as the original sample device; Based on the target feature points and the original sample device, a standard sample device corresponding to each of the original sample devices is determined from all non-target emitters in the second category. The original sample device and the corresponding standard sample device are identified as a combined light-emitting device.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The step of determining a standard sample device corresponding to each of the original sample devices from all non-target emitters in the second category based on the target feature points and the original sample device includes: For each of the original sample devices, the first theoretical light-emitting device features corresponding to the original sample device are determined based on the chromaticity coordinate features and target feature points of the original sample device. Determine a first distance between the chromaticity coordinate features of each non-target light-emitting device in the second category and the features of the first theoretical light-emitting device; The non-target light-emitting device corresponding to the smallest first distance among all the first distances is determined as the standard sample device corresponding to the original sample device.

9. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The step of determining the original sample device and the corresponding standard sample device as a combined light-emitting device includes: Based on the chromaticity coordinate characteristics of the original sample device and the chromaticity coordinate characteristics of the standard sample device, a first average coordinate characteristic is determined; The second color difference is determined based on the first average coordinate features and the target feature points; In response to the second color difference being less than or equal to a preset color difference, the original sample device and the corresponding standard sample device are determined to be a combined light-emitting device.

10. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The number of categories is at least three, and all categories include at least two third categories and one fourth category; The method of obtaining a combined light-emitting device based on the target feature points and the non-target light-emitting device includes: All non-target light-emitting devices in each of the third categories are sorted according to the sorting rules to obtain the corresponding device sequences; wherein, the sorting rules for at least one third category are different from the sorting rules for other third categories. Based on all the device sequences, multiple device combinations are determined; wherein, the device combination is a combination of non-target light-emitting devices at the same position in each device sequence; Based on the target feature points and the device combination, a reference device corresponding to each device combination is determined from all non-target emitters in the fourth category; The combination of the aforementioned devices and the corresponding reference device are defined as a combined light-emitting device.

11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that, The step of determining the reference device corresponding to each device combination from all non-target emitters in the fourth category based on the target feature points and the device combination includes: For each device combination, the second theoretical light-emitting device features corresponding to the device combination are determined based on the chromaticity coordinate features and target feature points corresponding to the device combination. Determine the second distance between the chromaticity coordinate features of each non-target light-emitting device in the fourth category and the features of the second theoretical light-emitting device; The non-target light-emitting device corresponding to the smallest second distance among all the second distances is determined as the reference device corresponding to the device combination.

12. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that, The step of combining the device with a corresponding reference device to determine a combined light-emitting device includes: Based on the chromaticity coordinate characteristics of the device combination and the chromaticity coordinate characteristics of the reference device, a second average coordinate characteristic is determined; The third color difference is determined based on the second average coordinate features and the target feature points; In response to the third color difference being less than or equal to a preset color difference, the device combination and the corresponding reference device are determined to be a combined light-emitting device.

13. A method for preparing a display substrate, characterized in that, include: The target light-emitting device and the combined light-emitting device obtained by the classification and combination method according to any one of claims 1 to 12 are arranged on a driving substrate to obtain a display substrate; wherein, all non-target light-emitting devices in each of the combined light-emitting devices are arranged adjacent to each other.

14. A display substrate, characterized in that, It is prepared by the preparation method described in claim 13.

15. A display device, characterized in that, Includes the display substrate as described in claim 14.

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