Light emitting device, electronic device including light emitting device, and electronic equipment including light emitting device

Abstract

This invention relates to a light-emitting device, an electronic device including a light-emitting device, and an electronic apparatus including a light-emitting device. The light-emitting device includes a first compound represented by Formula 1 and a second compound represented by Formula 2: <Formula 1><Formula 2><Formula 2A>, wherein in Formula 2, at least one of Ar6 to Ar8 is a group represented by Formula 2A, and a detailed description of Formulas 1, 2, and 2A is provided in the specification.

Description

[0001] This application claims priority to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2025-0048393, filed on April 14, 2025, and all benefits derived therefrom, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Technical Field

[0002] The embodiments relate to light-emitting devices, electronic devices including light-emitting devices, and electronic equipment including light-emitting devices. Background Technology

[0003] In light-emitting devices, self-emitting devices have wide viewing angles, high contrast, short response times, and excellent characteristics in terms of brightness, driving voltage, and response speed.

[0004] In a light-emitting device, a first electrode is disposed on a substrate, and a hole transport region, an emitter layer, an electron transport region, and a second electrode are sequentially disposed on the first electrode. Holes supplied from the first electrode move toward the emitter layer through the hole transport region, and electrons supplied from the second electrode move toward the emitter layer through the electron transport region. Charge carriers (e.g., holes and electrons) recombine in the emitter layer to generate excitons. Excitons can transition from an excited state to a ground state, thereby generating light. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The implementation includes a new light-emitting device, an electronic device including the new light-emitting device, and an electronic device including the new light-emitting device.

[0006] Other features will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will be obvious from the description or may be learned by practice of the embodiments of this disclosure presented.

[0007] In an embodiment, the light-emitting device may include a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode, and an interlayer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and including an emitting layer, wherein the interlayer may include a first compound represented by Formula 1 and a second compound represented by Formula 2:

[0008] <Formula 1>

[0009]

[0010] <Formula 2>

[0011]

[0012] <Formula 2A>

[0013] ,

[0014] Among them, in Equations 1, 2 and 2A,

[0015] CY1 can be C3-C60 Carbocyclic or C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group,

[0016] X1 can be O, S, C(R4)(R5), Si(R4)(R5), N(R4) or P(R4).

[0017] Ar2, Ar3, Ar 91 and Ar 92 Each can be independently unsubstituted or by at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group,

[0018] Ar6 to Ar8 can each be independently a group represented by formula 2A, unsubstituted or modified by at least one R. 10a Replacement C3-C 60 Carbocyclic group, or unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups, provided that at least one of Ar6 to Ar8 is a group represented by formula 2A.

[0019] L1 to L3 and L6 to L9 can each be independently unsubstituted or by at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group,

[0020] a1 to a3 and a6 to a8 can each be an integer selected from 0 to 3 independently.

[0021] When a1 is 0, *-(L1) a1 -*' represents a single bond; when a2 is 0, *-(L2) a2 -*' represents a single bond; when a3 is 0, *-(L3) a3 -*' represents a single bond; when a6 is 0, *-(L6) a6 -*' represents a single bond; when a7 is 0, *-(L7) a7 -*' represents a single bond, and when a8 is 0, *-(L8) a8 -*' represents a single key.

[0022] The quantities of L1 (a1, a2, a3, a6, a7, a8, a9) can be the same or different from each other.

[0023] R1, R4, R5, and R9 can each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, unsubstituted, or substituted with at least one R. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 60 Alkenyl, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 60 Alkyne group, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 Carbocyclic, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C6-C 60 aryloxy group, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C6-C 60 Aryl thiols, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C7-C 60 Aryl, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 60 Heteroaryl groups, -C(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), -Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), -N(Q1)(Q2), -B(Q1)(Q2), -C(=O)(Q1), -S(=O)2(Q1), or -P(=O)(Q1)(Q2),

[0024] n1 can be an integer selected from 0 to 10.

[0025] n9 can be an integer selected from 0 to 3.

[0026] The number of R1s of type n1 can be the same or different from each other, and the number of R9s of type n9 can be the same or different from each other.

[0027] Two or more of the n1 R1s may optionally be bonded to each other to form an unsubstituted or bonded R1. 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group,

[0028] R4 and R5 may optionally be bonded to each other to form an unsubstituted or bonded compound with at least one R 10aReplacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group,

[0029] Two or more of the n9 R9s may optionally be bonded to each other to form an unsubstituted or bonded R9. 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group,

[0030] R 10a Possible forms:

[0031] Deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano or nitro,

[0032] Each of the unsubstituted or substituted C1-C 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl or C1-C 60 Alkoxy groups: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C3-C 60 Carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C1-C 60 Heteroaryloxy, C1-C 60 heteroaryl thiols, C7-C 60 Aryl alkyl, C2-C 60 Heteroaryl, -Si(Q) 11 (Q) 12 (Q) 13 -N(Q) 11 (Q) 12 -B(Q) 11 (Q) 12 -C(=O)(Q) 11 -S(=O)2(Q) 11 -P(=O)(Q) 11 (Q) 12 ) or any combination thereof,

[0033] Each of the unsubstituted or substituted C3-Cs as described below 60 Carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C1-C 60 Heteroaryloxy, C1-C60 heteroaryl thiols, C7-C 60 Aryl or C2-C 60 Heteroalkyl groups: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C1-C 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 Alkyne group, C1-C 60 Alkoxy, C3-C 60 Carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C1-C 60 Heteroaryloxy, C1-C 60 heteroaryl thiols, C7-C 60 Aryl alkyl, C2-C 60 Heteroaryl, -Si(Q) 21 (Q) 22 (Q) 23 -N(Q) 21 (Q) 22 -B(Q) 21 (Q) 22 -C(=O)(Q) 21 -S(=O)2(Q) 21 -P(=O)(Q) 21 (Q) 22 ) or any combination thereof, or

[0034] -Si(Q 31 (Q) 32 (Q) 33 -N(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -B(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -C(=O)(Q) 31 -S(=O)2(Q) 31 ) or -P(=O)(Q 31 (Q) 32 ),

[0035] Q1 to Q3, Q 11 To Q 13 Q 21 To Q 23 and Q 31 To Q 33 Each can be independently: hydrogen; deuterium; -F; -Cl; -Br; -I; hydroxyl; cyano; nitro; or each unsubstituted or replaced by deuterium, -F, cyano, C1-C. 60 Alkyl, C1-C 60C1-C substituted with alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, or any combination thereof 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 Alkyne group, C1-C 60 Alkoxy, C1-C 60 Alkylthio, C3-C 60 Carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C7-C 60 Aryl or C2-C 60 Heteroaryl groups, and

[0036] * and *' each indicate the bonding site with an adjacent atom (nearby atom).

[0037] In one embodiment, the electronic device includes a light-emitting device.

[0038] In this embodiment, the electronic device includes a light-emitting device. Attached Figure Description

[0039] The above-described features and advantages of the illustrative embodiments of this disclosure, as well as other features and advantages, will become more apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0040] Figure 1 A schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the light-emitting device;

[0041] Figure 2 A schematic cross-sectional view illustrating an embodiment of the electronic device;

[0042] Figure 3 A schematic cross-sectional view illustrating another embodiment of the electronic device;

[0043] Figure 4 A block diagram illustrating the implementation of electronic devices;

[0044] Figure 5 A schematic diagram illustrating the implementation of electronic devices;

[0045] Figure 6 A schematic perspective view of an embodiment of an electronic device including a light-emitting device;

[0046] Figure 7 The diagram is intended to schematically illustrate an embodiment of the exterior of a vehicle, which includes an electronic device with a light-emitting mechanism; and

[0047] Figures 8A to 8C Each diagram illustrates the implementation method of the vehicle's interior. Detailed Implementation

[0048] The embodiments illustrated herein will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein the same reference numerals throughout the specification refer to the same elements. In this regard, the illustrated embodiments may take different forms and should not be construed as limited to the description set forth herein. Accordingly, embodiments are described below solely with reference to the accompanying drawings to explain the described features. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated enumerated items. Throughout this disclosure, the expression “at least one of a, b, and c” indicates only a, only b, only c, both a and b, both a and c, both b and c, all of a, b, and c, or variations thereof.

[0049] Because this disclosure can have various modified embodiments, embodiments are illustrated in the accompanying drawings and described in the detailed description. The effects and features of this disclosure, as well as the methods of achieving them, will be apparent when the embodiments are described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, this disclosure can be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein.

[0050] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Identical or corresponding components will be denoted by the same reference numerals, and therefore redundant descriptions will be omitted.

[0051] It will be understood that although the terms “first,” “second,” etc., may be used in this document to describe various components, these components should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one component from another.

[0052] A singular expression may encompass a plural expression, unless it has a distinctly different meaning in the context.

[0053] It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and / or “comprising” as used herein indicate the presence of a feature or element of the description, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features or elements.

[0054] In the following embodiments, when various components (e.g., layers, films, zones, or plates) are considered "on" another component, this includes not only cases where the other component is "directly on" the layer, film, zone, or plate, but also cases where other components can be placed between them. For ease of explanation, the dimensions of the elements in the figures may be enlarged. In other words, because the dimensions (e.g., thickness) of the components in the figures are arbitrarily interpreted for ease of explanation, the following disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0055] As used herein, the term "interlayer" refers to a single layer and / or multiple layers disposed between the first and second electrodes of the light-emitting device.

[0056] As used herein, “about” or “approximately” includes the stated value and means within an acceptable range of deviation for a particular value, determined by a person skilled in the art considering the measurement in question and the errors associated with the measurement of the particular quantity (i.e., limitations of the measurement system). For example, the term “about” may mean within one or more standard deviations of the stated value, or within ±30%, ±20%, ±10%, or ±5% of the stated value.

[0057] Embodiments of this disclosure provide a light-emitting device, including:

[0058] First electrode;

[0059] The second electrode facing the first electrode; and

[0060] A sandwich layer comprising an emission layer is disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode.

[0061] The interlayer comprises a first compound represented by Formula 1 and a second compound represented by Formula 2:

[0062] <Formula 1>

[0063]

[0064] <Formula 2>

[0065]

[0066] <Formula 2A>

[0067] ,

[0068] Among them, in Equations 1, 2 and 2A,

[0069] CY1 can be C3-C 60 Carbocyclic or C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group,

[0070] X1 can be O, S, C(R4)(R5), Si(R4)(R5), N(R4) or P(R4).

[0071] Ar2, Ar3, Ar 91 and Ar 92 Each can be independently unsubstituted or by at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group,

[0072] Ar6 to Ar8 can each be independently a group represented by formula 2A, unsubstituted or modified by at least one R. 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups, provided that at least one of Ar6 to Ar8 is a group represented by formula 2A.

[0073] L1 to L3 and L6 to L9 can each be independently unsubstituted or by at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group,

[0074] a1 to a3 and a6 to a8 can each be an integer selected from 0 to 3 independently.

[0075] When a1 is 0, *-(L1) a1 -*' represents a single bond; when a2 is 0, *-(L2) a2 -*' represents a single bond; when a3 is 0, *-(L3) a3 -*' represents a single bond; when a6 is 0, *-(L6) a6 -*' represents a single bond; when a7 is 0, *-(L7) a7 -*' represents a single bond, and when a8 is 0, *-(L8) a8 -*' represents a single key.

[0076] The quantities of L1 (a1, a2, a3, a6, a7, a8, a9) can be the same or different from each other.

[0077] R1, R4, R5, and R9 can each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, unsubstituted, or substituted with at least one R. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 60 Alkenyl, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 60 Alkyne group, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R10a Replacement C3-C 60 Carbocyclic, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C6-C 60 aryloxy group, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C6-C 60 Aryl thiols, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C7-C 60 Aryl, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 60 Heteroaryl groups, -C(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), -Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), -N(Q1)(Q2), -B(Q1)(Q2), -C(=O)(Q1), -S(=O)2(Q1), or -P(=O)(Q1)(Q2),

[0078] n1 can be an integer selected from 0 to 10.

[0079] n9 can be an integer selected from 0 to 3.

[0080] The number of R1s of type n1 can be the same or different from each other, and the number of R9s of type n9 can be the same or different from each other.

[0081] Two or more of the n1 R1s may optionally be bonded to each other to form an unsubstituted or bonded R1. 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group,

[0082] R4 and R5 may optionally be bonded to each other to form an unsubstituted or bonded compound with at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group,

[0083] Two or more of the n9 R9s may optionally be bonded to each other to form an unsubstituted or bonded R9. 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group,

[0084] R 10a Possible forms:

[0085] Deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano or nitro;

[0086] Each of the unsubstituted or substituted C1-C 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl or C1-C 60 Alkoxy groups: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C3-C 60 Carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C1-C 60 Heteroaryloxy, C1-C 60 heteroaryl thiols, C7-C 60 Aryl alkyl, C2-C 60 Heteroaryl, -Si(Q) 11 (Q) 12 (Q) 13 -N(Q) 11 (Q) 12 -B(Q) 11 (Q) 12 -C(=O)(Q) 11 -S(=O)2(Q) 11 -P(=O)(Q) 11 (Q) 12 ) or any combination thereof;

[0087] Each of the unsubstituted or substituted C3-Cs as described below 60 Carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C1-C 60 Heteroaryloxy, C1-C 60 heteroaryl thiols, C7-C 60 Aryl or C2-C 60 Heteroalkyl groups: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C1-C 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 Alkyne group, C1-C 60 Alkoxy, C3-C 60 Carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C1-C 60Heteroaryloxy, C1-C 60 heteroaryl thiols, C7-C 60 Aryl alkyl, C2-C 60 Heteroaryl, -Si(Q) 21 (Q) 22 (Q) 23 -N(Q) 21 (Q) 22 -B(Q) 21 (Q) 22 -C(=O)(Q) 21 -S(=O)2(Q) 21 -P(=O)(Q) 21 (Q) 22 ) or any combination thereof; or

[0088] -Si(Q 31 (Q) 32 (Q) 33 -N(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -B(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -C(=O)(Q) 31 -S(=O)2(Q) 31 ) or -P(=O)(Q 31 (Q) 32 ),

[0089] Q1 to Q3, Q 11 To Q 13 Q 21 To Q 23 and Q 31 To Q 33 Each can be independently: hydrogen; deuterium; -F; -Cl; -Br; -I; hydroxyl; cyano; nitro; or each unsubstituted or replaced by deuterium, -F, cyano, C1-C. 60 Alkyl, C1-C 60 C1-C substituted with alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, or any combination thereof 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 Alkyne group, C1-C 60 Alkoxy, C1-C 60 Alkylthio, C3-C 60 Carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C7-C 60 Aryl or C2-C 60 Heteroaryl groups, and

[0090] * and *' each indicate the bonding site with an adjacent atom (nearby atom).

[0091] In this embodiment, the first electrode may be an anode, and the second electrode may be a cathode. Here, the interlayer may further include a hole transport region disposed between the first electrode and the emitter layer, and an electron transport region disposed between the emitter layer and the second electrode. The hole transport region may include a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an emitter assist layer, an electron blocking layer, or any combination thereof, and the electron transport region may include a buffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron control layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, or any combination thereof.

[0092] In this embodiment, the first electrode may be an anode, the second electrode may be a cathode, and the interlayer may further include a hole transport region disposed between the first electrode and the emitter layer. Here, the hole transport region may include a first compound and a second compound.

[0093] In one embodiment, the hole transport region may include: a hole transport layer; and a plurality of emission auxiliary layers formed between the hole transport layer and the emission layer, wherein the plurality of emission auxiliary layers may include a first emission auxiliary layer adjacent to the hole transport layer and a second emission auxiliary layer adjacent to the emission layer. Here, the first emission auxiliary layer may include a first compound, and the second emission auxiliary layer may include a second compound.

[0094] The emission auxiliary layer is a layer that increases luminous efficiency by compensating for the optical resonant distance based on the wavelength of light emitted from the emission layer. The first emission auxiliary layer is mainly used to inject holes from the hole transport layer into the emission auxiliary layer and to transport the injected holes, while the second emission auxiliary layer is mainly used to inject holes from the emission auxiliary layer into the host and to block electrons.

[0095] Therefore, when the first emission auxiliary layer uses a material with a relatively high hole mobility, it can facilitate the transfer of holes to the emission layer, thereby reducing the driving voltage of the light-emitting device. Furthermore, when the energy level difference between the second emission auxiliary layer and the emission layer is adjusted (e.g., the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level, the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level, and the triplet excited state (T1) energy level), the second emission auxiliary layer can block electrons transferred from the emission layer, thereby improving the luminous efficiency and lifetime of the light-emitting device.

[0096] In an embodiment, the first compound may have a content of approximately 5.1 × 10⁻⁶. -5 square centimeters per volt-second (cm) 2 / V•S) to approximately 5.1×10 -3 cm 2Hole mobility in the range of / V•S. In an embodiment, for example, the first compound may have a hole mobility in the range of about 1.6 × 10⁻⁶. -4 cm 2 / V•S to approximately 1.5×10 -3 cm 2 Hole mobility within the range of / V•S.

[0097] In an embodiment, the second compound may have a T1 energy level in the range of about 2.0 electron volts (eV) to about 3.0 eV (preferably, about 2.3 eV to about 3.0 eV). In another embodiment, for example, the second compound may have a T1 energy level in the range of about 2.3 eV to about 2.7 eV. When the T1 energy level of the second compound included in the second emission auxiliary layer is within the above range, triplet electrons migrating from the dopant to the hole transport layer can be effectively blocked, thereby improving the luminous efficiency and lifetime of the light-emitting device.

[0098] In an embodiment, the second compound may have a HOMO energy level in the range of about -5.30 eV to about -4.90 eV (preferably, about -5.20 eV to about -5.00 eV). When the HOMO energy level of the second compound included in the second emission auxiliary layer is within the above range, hole injection from the second emission auxiliary layer to the host can be smoothly performed, thereby improving the luminous efficiency of the light-emitting device.

[0099] In an embodiment, the second compound may have a LUMO energy level in the range of about -1.70 eV to about -1.00 eV (preferably, about -1.55 eV to about -1.15 eV). When the LUMO energy level of the second compound included in the second emission auxiliary layer is in the above range, electrons moving from the host to the hole transport layer can be effectively blocked, thereby improving the lifetime of the light-emitting device.

[0100] In an embodiment, the first emission aid layer may have a thickness ranging from about 25 Å to about 900 Å. In the case of a blue light-emitting device, the thickness of the first emission aid layer may range from about 25 Å to about 75 Å (preferably, from about 25 Å to about 50 Å). In the case of a green light-emitting device, the thickness of the first emission aid layer may range from about 100 Å to about 450 Å (preferably, from about 250 Å to about 450 Å). In the case of a red light-emitting device, the thickness of the first emission aid layer may range from about 500 Å to about 900 Å (preferably, from about 650 Å to about 850 Å).

[0101] In an embodiment, the second emission assist layer may have a thickness in the range of about 10 Å to about 300 Å. Preferably, the thickness of the second emission assist layer may be in the range of about 20 Å to about 100 Å (e.g., about 25 Å to about 75 Å).

[0102] In this implementation, the emitting layer can emit red light.

[0103] The first compound can be represented by Equation 1:

[0104] <Formula 1>

[0105] .

[0106] In Equation 1, CY1 can be C3-C 60 Carbocyclic or C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group.

[0107] In this embodiment, CY1 may be a phenyl group. In this embodiment, the first compound may be represented by formula 1-1, for example:

[0108] <Formula 1-1>

[0109] .

[0110] X1, Ar2, Ar3, L1 to L3, a1 to a3, R1, and n1 may be the same as those described elsewhere in this document.

[0111] In Equation 1, X1 can be O, S, C(R4)(R5), Si(R4)(R5), N(R4) or P(R4).

[0112] In the implementation, X1 can be O, S, C(R4)(R5) or Si(R4)(R5).

[0113] In Equation 1, Ar2 and Ar3 can each be independently unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R. 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group.

[0114] In the implementation, Ar2 and Ar3 can each be independently unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R. 10a Replacement C3-C 30 Cycloalkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 30 Cycloalkenyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C6-C 30 aryl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 30 heteroaryl, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Substituted monovalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic groups or unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10aSubstituted monovalent nonaromatic fused heterocyclic groups.

[0115] In Equation 1, L1 to L3 can each be independently unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R. 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group.

[0116] In the implementation, L1 to L3 can each be independently unsubstituted or replaced by at least one R. 10a Substituted phenylene.

[0117] In Equation 1, a1 to a3 can each be an integer selected from 0 to 3 independently. When a1 is 0, *-(L1) a1 -*' represents a single bond; when a2 is 0, *-(L2) a2 -*' represents a single bond, and when a3 is 0, *-(L3) a3 -*' represents a single key. Here, L1 with a quantity of a1 can be the same or different from each other, L2 with a quantity of a2 can be the same or different from each other, and L3 with a quantity of a3 can be the same or different from each other.

[0118] In Formula 1, R1, R4, and R5 can each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, unsubstituted, or substituted with at least one R. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 60 Alkenyl, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 60 Alkyne group, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 Carbocyclic, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C6-C 60 aryloxy group, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C6-C 60 Aryl thiols, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C7-C 60 Aryl, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 60The r1 can be a heteroaryl group, -C(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), -Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), -N(Q1)(Q2), -B(Q1)(Q2), -C(=O)(Q1), -S(=O)2(Q1), or -P(=O)(Q1)(Q2), and n1 can be an integer selected from 0 to 10. Here, the number of r1s of n1 can be the same or different from each other.

[0119] At least two of the n1 R1s may optionally be bonded to each other to form an unsubstituted or bonded R1. 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group.

[0120] R4 and R5 may optionally be bonded to each other to form an unsubstituted or bonded compound with at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group.

[0121] R 10a Possible forms:

[0122] Deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano or nitro;

[0123] Each of the unsubstituted or substituted C1-C 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl or C1-C 60 Alkoxy groups: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C3-C 60 Carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C1-C 60 Heteroaryloxy, C1-C 60 heteroaryl thiols, C7-C 60 Aryl alkyl, C2-C 60 Heteroaryl, -Si(Q) 11 (Q) 12 (Q) 13 -N(Q) 11 (Q) 12 -B(Q) 11 (Q) 12 -C(=O)(Q) 11 -S(=O)2(Q) 11-P(=O)(Q) 11 (Q) 12 ) or any combination thereof;

[0124] Each of the unsubstituted or substituted C3-Cs as described below 60 Carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C1-C 60 Heteroaryloxy, C1-C 60 heteroaryl thiols, C7-C 60 Aryl or C2-C 60 Heteroalkyl groups: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C1-C 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 Alkyne group, C1-C 60 Alkoxy, C3-C 60 Carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C1-C 60 Heteroaryloxy, C1-C 60 heteroaryl thiols, C7-C 60 Aryl alkyl, C2-C 60 Heteroaryl, -Si(Q) 21 (Q) 22 (Q) 23 -N(Q) 21 (Q) 22 -B(Q) 21 (Q) 22 -C(=O)(Q) 21 -S(=O)2(Q) 21 -P(=O)(Q) 21 (Q) 22 ) or any combination thereof; or

[0125] -Si(Q 31 (Q) 32 (Q) 33 -N(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -B(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -C(=O)(Q) 31 -S(=O)2(Q) 31 ) or -P(=O)(Q 31 (Q) 32 ),and

[0126] Q1 to Q3, Q 11 To Q 13 Q 21 To Q 23 and Q 31 To Q 33 Each can be independently: hydrogen; deuterium; -F; -Cl; -Br; -I; hydroxyl; cyano; nitro; or each unsubstituted or replaced by deuterium, -F, cyano, C1-C. 60 Alkyl, C1-C 60 C1-C substituted with alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, or any combination thereof 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 Alkyne group, C1-C 60 Alkoxy, C1-C 60 Alkylthio, C3-C 60 Carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C7-C 60 Aryl or C2-C 60 Heteroaryl alkyl groups.

[0127] In the implementation, the first compound may satisfy one of conditions 1 to 3:

[0128] <Condition 1>

[0129] At least two of R1 in quantity n1 are bonded to each other to form an unsubstituted or bonded compound by at least one R1. 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups;

[0130] <Condition 2>

[0131] At least one of the n1 R1s is not hydrogen; and

[0132] <Condition 3>

[0133] X1 is C(R4)(R5) or Si(R4)(R5), and

[0134] At least one of Ar2 and Ar3 is unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 Cycloalkyl.

[0135] In an implementation, at least two of the n1 R1s in Formula 1 (or Formula 1-1) may optionally be bonded to each other to form an unsubstituted or bonded R1. 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group. The first compound may be represented by one of formulas 1-11 to 1-14:

[0136] <Formula 1-11>

[0137]

[0138] <Equation 1-12>

[0139]

[0140] <Formula 1-13>

[0141]

[0142] <Formula 1-14>

[0143] .

[0144] In equations 1-11 to 1-14,

[0145] X1, Ar2, Ar3, L1 to L3 and a1 to a3 may be the same as those described elsewhere in this document.

[0146] R 11 To R 18 It can be the same as described in reference R1, and R 11 To R 18 At least two of them can bond to each other to form an unsubstituted or R-terminated compound. 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group.

[0147] In an embodiment, the first compound may be represented by one of formulas 1-11A to 1-11F, 1-12A to 1-12E, 1-13A to 1-13E, and 1-14A to 1-14F:

[0148] <Formula 1-11A>

[0149]

[0150] <Formula 1-11B>

[0151]

[0152] <Formula 1-11C>

[0153]

[0154] <Formula 1-11D>

[0155]

[0156] <Formula 1-11E>

[0157]

[0158] <Formula 1-11F>

[0159]

[0160] <Formula 1-12A>

[0161]

[0162] <Formula 1-12B>

[0163]

[0164] <Formula 1-12C>

[0165]

[0166] <Formula 1-12D>

[0167]

[0168] <Formula 1-12E>

[0169]

[0170] <Formula 1-13A>

[0171]

[0172] <Formula 1-13B>

[0173]

[0174] <Formula 1-13C>

[0175]

[0176] <Formula 1-13D>

[0177]

[0178] <Formula 1-13E>

[0179]

[0180] <Formula 1-14A>

[0181]

[0182] <Formula 1-14B>

[0183]

[0184] <Formula 1-14C>

[0185]

[0186] <Formula 1-14D>

[0187]

[0188] <Equation 1-14E>

[0189]

[0190] <Formula 1-14F>

[0191] .

[0192] In Equations 1-11A to 1-11F, Equations 1-12A to 1-12E, Equations 1-13A to 1-13E, and Equations 1-14A to 1-14F,

[0193] X1, Ar2, Ar3, L1 to L3, and a1 to a3 may be the same as those described elsewhere in this document.

[0194] R 11 To R 18 Each can be the same as described in reference R1.

[0195] Z 11 To Z 15 Z 21 To Z 24 Z 31 To Z 34 and Z 41 To Z 45 Each can be compared with reference R. 10a The descriptions are the same, and

[0196] m4 can be an integer selected from 0 to 4.

[0197] In another embodiment, in Formula 1 (or Formula 1-1), at least one of the n1 R1 may not be hydrogen. In this embodiment, for example, at least one of the n1 R1 may be unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 60 Alkenyl, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 60 Alkyne group, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 30 Cycloalkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 30 Cycloalkenyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C6-C 30 aryl or unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 30 Mixed aromatic compounds.

[0198] In another embodiment, the first compound may be represented by one of formulas 1-31 to 1-34:

[0199] <Formula 1-31>

[0200]

[0201] <Formula 1-32>

[0202]

[0203] <Formula 1-33>

[0204]

[0205] <Equation 1-34>

[0206] .

[0207] In equations 1-31 to 1-34

[0208] CY1, Ar2, Ar3, L1 to L3, a1 to a3, R1, R4, R5, and n1 may be the same as described elsewhere in this document, provided that

[0209] At least one of Ar2 and Ar3 may be unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 30 Cycloalkyl.

[0210] In embodiments, in formulas 1-31 to 1-34, at least one of Ar2 and Ar3 may be a group represented by one of formulas Ar-1 to Ar-7:

[0211] ,

[0212] In formulas Ar-1 to Ar-7

[0213] Z Ar Can be compared with reference R 10a The descriptions are the same.

[0214] t11 can be an integer selected from 0 to 11.

[0215] t13 can be an integer selected from 0 to 13.

[0216] t15 can be an integer selected from 0 to 15, and

[0217] * Indicates the bonding site with adjacent atoms.

[0218] In an embodiment, the first compound may be one of compounds P1-1 to P1-92:

[0219]

[0220]

[0221]

[0222]

[0223]

[0224] .

[0225] The second compound can be represented by Equation 2:

[0226] <Formula 2>

[0227]

[0228] <Formula 2A>

[0229] .

[0230] In Formula 2, Ar6 to Ar8 can each be an independent group represented by Formula 2A, unsubstituted or modified by at least one R. 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60Heterocyclic group, provided that at least one of Ar6 to Ar8 can be a group represented by formula 2A.

[0231] In the embodiments, Ar6 to Ar8 may each be an independent group represented by Formula 2A, unsubstituted or modified by at least one R. 10a Substituted phenyl, unsubstituted, or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted naphthyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Substituted anthracene, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Substituted phenotype, unsubstituted phenotype, or phenotyped by at least one R 10a Substituted triphenylene or unsubstituted or modified by at least one R 10a Replaced fluorene.

[0232] In Equation 2A, Ar 91 and Ar 92 Each can be independently unsubstituted or by at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group.

[0233] In the implementation, Ar 91 and Ar 92 Each can be independently unsubstituted or by at least one R 10a Substituted phenyl, unsubstituted, or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted naphthyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Substituted anthracene, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Substituted phenotype or unsubstituted phenotype or phenotype by at least one R 10a Replaced fluorene.

[0234] In Equations 2 and 2A, L6 to L9 can each be independently unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R. 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group.

[0235] In the implementation, L6 to L9 can each independently be a group represented by one of formulas L-1 to L-13:

[0236] ,

[0237] In equations L-1 to L-13

[0238] Y 21 It can be O or S.

[0239] X 21 To X 28 Each can be independently N or C(Z) L ),

[0240] Z L Can be compared with reference R 10a The descriptions are the same, and

[0241] * and *' each indicate the bonding site with an adjacent atom (nearby atom).

[0242] In Equations 2 and 2A, a6 to a8 can each be an integer selected from 0 to 3 independently. When a6 is 0, *-(L6) a6 -*' represents a single bond; when a7 is 0, *-(L7) a7 -*' represents a single bond, and when a8 is 0, *-(L8) a8 -*' represents a single key. Here, L6 keys of quantity a6 can be the same or different from each other, L7 keys of quantity a7 can be the same or different from each other, and L8 keys of quantity a8 can be the same or different from each other.

[0243] In formula 2A, R9 can be hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, unsubstituted, or substituted with at least one R. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 60 Alkenyl, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 60 Alkyne group, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 Carbocyclic, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C6-C 60 aryloxy group, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C6-C 60 Aryl thiols, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C7-C 60 Aryl, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 60The r9 can be a heteroaryl group, -C(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), -Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), -N(Q1)(Q2), -B(Q1)(Q2), -C(=O)(Q1), -S(=O)2(Q1), or -P(=O)(Q1)(Q2), and n9 can be an integer selected from 0 to 3. Here, the r9 in the quantity n9 can be the same or different from each other.

[0244] At least two of the n9 R9s may optionally be bonded to each other to form an unsubstituted or bonded R9. 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group.

[0245] In an embodiment, the group represented by formula 2A may be represented by one of formulas 2A-1 to 2A-3 (preferably, formula 2A-1):

[0246] <Formula 2A-1>

[0247]

[0248] <Formula 2A-2>

[0249]

[0250] <Formula 2A-3>

[0251] .

[0252] In equations 2A-1 to 2A-3,

[0253] Ar 91 Ar 92 L9 can be the same as described elsewhere in this document.

[0254] R 91 To R 94 Each can be the same as described in reference R9, and

[0255] * Indicates the bonding site with adjacent atoms.

[0256] R 10a Possible forms:

[0257] Deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano or nitro;

[0258] Each of the unsubstituted or substituted C1-C 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl or C1-C60 Alkoxy groups: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C3-C 60 Carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C1-C 60 Heteroaryloxy, C1-C 60 heteroaryl thiols, C7-C 60 Aryl alkyl, C2-C 60 Heteroaryl, -Si(Q) 11 (Q) 12 (Q) 13 -N(Q) 11 (Q) 12 -B(Q) 11 (Q) 12 -C(=O)(Q) 11 -S(=O)2(Q) 11 -P(=O)(Q) 11 (Q) 12 ) or any combination thereof;

[0259] Each of the unsubstituted or substituted C3-Cs as described below 60 Carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C1-C 60 Heteroaryloxy, C1-C 60 heteroaryl thiols, C7-C 60 Aryl or C2-C 60 Heteroalkyl groups: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C1-C 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 Alkyne group, C1-C 60 Alkoxy, C3-C 60 Carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C1-C 60 Heteroaryloxy, C1-C 60 heteroaryl thiols, C7-C 60 Aryl alkyl, C2-C 60 Heteroaryl, -Si(Q) 21 (Q) 22 (Q) 23 -N(Q) 21 (Q) 22-B(Q) 21 (Q) 22 -C(=O)(Q) 21 -S(=O)2(Q) 21 -P(=O)(Q) 21 (Q) 22 ) or any combination thereof; or

[0260] -Si(Q 31 (Q) 32 (Q) 33 -N(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -B(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -C(=O)(Q) 31 -S(=O)2(Q) 31 ) or -P(=O)(Q 31 (Q) 32 ),and

[0261] Q1 to Q3, Q 11 To Q 13 Q 21 To Q 23 and Q 31 To Q 33 Each can be independently: hydrogen; deuterium; -F; -Cl; -Br; -I; hydroxyl; cyano; nitro; or each unsubstituted or replaced by deuterium, -F, cyano, C1-C. 60 Alkyl, C1-C 60 C1-C substituted with alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, or any combination thereof 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 Alkyne group, C1-C 60 Alkoxy, C1-C 60 Alkylthio, C3-C 60 Carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C7-C 60 Aryl or C2-C 60 Heteroaryl alkyl groups.

[0262] In the embodiments, the second compound may be selected from compounds P2-1 to P2-51:

[0263]

[0264]

[0265]

[0266]

[0267] .

[0268] The first compound represented by Equation 1 can have a relatively high hole mobility. Therefore, since the first emission auxiliary layer includes the first compound, a light-emitting device with relatively low driving voltage characteristics can be implemented.

[0269] The second compound represented by Equation 2 has a relatively low HOMO energy level, and therefore, since the second emission auxiliary layer includes the second compound, it facilitates the injection of holes from the emission auxiliary layer into the host. Accordingly, a light-emitting device with relatively high luminous efficiency characteristics can be implemented.

[0270] Furthermore, the second compound represented by Formula 2 has a relatively high LUMO energy level, and therefore, since the second emission auxiliary layer includes the second compound, it can effectively block electrons injected from the host to the emission auxiliary layer. Accordingly, a light-emitting device with long lifetime characteristics can be implemented.

[0271] Furthermore, the second compound represented by Formula 2 possesses a relatively high triplet excited state (T1) energy level, and thus can effectively block triplet electrons injected from the dopant into the emission auxiliary layer. Accordingly, a light-emitting device with relatively high luminous efficiency and long lifetime characteristics can be implemented.

[0272] Another embodiment of this disclosure provides an electronic device including a light-emitting device. The electronic device may further include a thin-film transistor. In one embodiment, for example, the electronic device may further include a thin-film transistor comprising a source electrode and a drain electrode, wherein a first electrode of the light-emitting device is electrically connected to the source electrode or the drain electrode. In another embodiment, the electronic device may further include a color filter, a color conversion layer, a touchscreen layer, a polarizing layer, or any combination thereof. Further details regarding the electronic device can be found in the description provided herein.

[0273] Another embodiment of this disclosure provides an electronic device including a light-emitting device. In this embodiment, the electronic device may be, for example, a flat panel display, a curved display, a computer monitor, a medical monitor, a television, a billboard, an indoor light, an outdoor light, a signal light, a head-up display, a fully transparent display, a partially transparent display, a flexible display, a rollable display, a foldable display, a retractable display, a laser printer, a telephone, a portable telephone, a tablet PC, a tablet computer, a personal digital assistant (“PDA”), a wearable device, a laptop computer, a digital camera, a camcorder, a viewfinder, a microdisplay, a three-dimensional (“3D”) display, a virtual reality display, an augmented reality display, a vehicle, a video wall having multiple displays tiled together, a theater screen, a stadium screen, a light therapy device, and a sign. Further details regarding the electronic device are the same as those described herein.

[0274] Figure 1 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the light-emitting device 10. The light-emitting device 10 includes a first electrode 110, a sandwich layer 130, and a second electrode 150.

[0275] The following text is for reference only. Figure 1 The structure of the light-emitting device 10 in the embodiments and the method of manufacturing the light-emitting device 10 are described.

[0276] exist Figure 1 In this embodiment, the substrate may be additionally disposed below the first electrode 110 or on the second electrode 150. A glass substrate or a plastic substrate may be used as the substrate. In this embodiment, the substrate may be a flexible substrate and may include plastics with excellent heat resistance and durability (e.g., polyimide, polyethylene terephthalate (“PET”), polycarbonate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyarylate (“PAR”), polyetherimide, or any combination thereof).

[0277] For example, the first electrode 110 can be formed by depositing or sputtering a material for forming the first electrode 110 on a substrate. When the first electrode 110 is an anode, the material for forming the first electrode 110 can be a high work function material that facilitates hole injection.

[0278] The first electrode 110 may be a reflective electrode, a transmissive-reflective electrode, or a transmissive electrode. When the first electrode 110 is a transmissive electrode, the material used to form the first electrode 110 may include indium tin oxide (“ITO”), indium zinc oxide (“IZO”), tin oxide (SnO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), or any combination thereof. In embodiments, when the first electrode 110 is a transmissive-reflective electrode or a reflective electrode, the material used to form the first electrode 110 may include magnesium (Mg), silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al-Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg-In), magnesium-silver (Mg-Ag), or any combination thereof.

[0279] The first electrode 110 may have a single-layer structure consisting of a single layer or a multi-layer structure including multiple layers. In an embodiment, the first electrode 110 may have a three-layer structure of ITO / Ag / ITO.

[0280] A sandwich layer 130 is disposed on the first electrode 110. The sandwich layer 130 includes an emission layer.

[0281] The interlayer 130 may further include a hole transport region disposed between the first electrode 110 and the emitter layer and an electron transport region disposed between the emitter layer and the second electrode 150.

[0282] In addition to various organic materials, the interlayer 130 may further include metal-containing compounds (e.g., organometallic compounds) or inorganic materials (e.g., quantum dots).

[0283] In an embodiment, the interlayer 130 may include: i) two or more emitting units stacked sequentially between the first electrode 110 and the second electrode 150, and ii) a charge generation layer between emitting units that are close to each other among the two or more emitting units. When the interlayer 130 includes the emitting units and charge generation layer as described above, the light-emitting device 10 may be a series light-emitting device.

[0284] The hole transport region may have: i) a single-layer structure consisting of a single layer made of a single material, ii) a single-layer structure consisting of a single layer comprising multiple materials that are different from each other, or iii) a multi-layer structure comprising multiple layers comprising multiple materials that are different from each other.

[0285] The hole transport region may include a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an emission assist layer, an electron blocking layer, or any combination thereof. In one embodiment, the emission assist layer may have a multilayer structure comprising multiple layers. In another embodiment, for example, the emission assist layer may include a first emission assist layer adjacent to the hole transport layer and a second emission assist layer adjacent to the emission layer.

[0286] In an implementation, for example, the hole transport region may have a multi-layer structure, including a hole injection layer / hole transport layer structure, a hole injection layer / hole transport layer / emission auxiliary layer structure, a hole injection layer / emission auxiliary layer structure, a hole transport layer / emission auxiliary layer structure, or a hole injection layer / hole transport layer / electron blocking layer structure, wherein each layer in each structure is stacked sequentially from the first electrode 110.

[0287] The hole transport region may include the compound represented by Formula 201, the compound represented by Formula 202, or any combination thereof:

[0288] <Form 201>

[0289]

[0290] <Form 202>

[0291] ,

[0292] Among them, in equations 201 and 202,

[0293] L 201 To L 204 Each can be independently unsubstituted or by at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group,

[0294] L 205 It can be *-O-*', *-S-*', or *-N(Q) 201 )-*', unsubstituted or by at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 20 Alkylene, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 20 alkenyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group,

[0295] xa1 to xa4 can each be an integer selected from 0 to 5 independently.

[0296] xa5 can be an integer selected from 1 to 10.

[0297] R 201 To R 204 and Q 201 Each can be independently unsubstituted or by at least one R10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group,

[0298] R 201 and R 202 Optionally via a single bond, unsubstituted, or by at least one R 10a Substituted C1-C5 alkylene groups or unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a The substituted C2-C5 alkenyl groups are linked together to form an unsubstituted or substituted compound with at least one R group. 10a Replacement C8-C 60 Polycyclic groups (e.g., carbazole group) (e.g., compound HT16),

[0299] R 203 and R 204 Optionally via a single bond, unsubstituted, or by at least one R 10a Substituted C1-C5 alkylene groups or unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a The substituted C2-C5 alkenyl groups are linked together to form an unsubstituted or substituted compound with at least one R group. 10a Replacement C8-C 60 Polycyclic groups, and

[0300] na1 can be an integer selected from 1 to 4.

[0301] In an embodiment, each of Formulas 201 and 202 may include at least one of the groups represented by Formulas CY201 to CY217:

[0302] ,

[0303] In formulas CY201 to CY217, R 10b and R 10c Each and reference R 10a The descriptions are the same, CY ring 201 To CY 204 Each can be independently C3-C 20 Carbocyclic or C1-C 20 Heterocyclic group, and at least one hydrogen in formulas CY201 to CY217 may be unsubstituted or R-substituted. 10a replace.

[0304] In the implementation, in formulas CY201 to CY217, the ring CY 201 To CY 204 Each can be independently phenyl, naphthyl, phenanthryl or anthracene.

[0305] In an embodiment, each of Formulas 201 and 202 may include at least one of the groups represented by Formulas CY201 to CY203.

[0306] In an embodiment, formula 201 may include at least one of the groups represented by formulas CY201 to CY203 and at least one of the groups represented by formulas CY204 to CY217.

[0307] In another embodiment, in formula 201, xa1 can be 1, R 201 It can be a group represented by one of the formulas CY201 to CY203, xa2 can be 0, and R 202 It can be a group represented by one of the formulas CY204 to CY207.

[0308] In another embodiment, each of Formulas 201 and 202 may not include groups represented by Formulas CY201 to CY203.

[0309] In another embodiment, each of Formulas 201 and 202 may not include the groups represented by Formulas CY201 to CY203, and may include at least one of the groups represented by Formulas CY204 to CY217.

[0310] In another embodiment, each of Formulas 201 and 202 may not include groups represented by Formulas CY201 to CY217.

[0311] In embodiments, the hole transport region may include one of compounds HT1 to HT46, 4,4',4''-tris[(3-methylphenyl)phenylamino]triphenylamine (“m-MTDATA”), 4,4',4''-tris(N,N-diphenylamino)triphenylamine (“TDATA”), 4,4',4''-tris[N-(2-naphthyl)-N-phenylamino]triphenylamine (“2-TNATA”), N,N'-di(1-naphthyl)-N,N'-diphenylbenzidine (“NPB” or “NPD”), N,N'-bis(β-naphthyl)-N,N'-diphenylbenzidine (“β-NPB”), N,N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N'-diphenylbenzidine (“TPD”), N,N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N'- Diphenyl-9,9-spirodifluorene-2,7-diamine (“spiroTPD”), N2,N7-di-1-naphthyl-N2,N7-diphenyl-9,9'-spirodi[9H-fluorene]-2,7-diamine (“spiroNPB”), N,N'-bis(1-naphthyl)-N,N'-bis(4-methylphenyl)benzidine (“methylated NPB”), 4,4'-cyclohexylbis[N,N-bis(4-methylphenyl)aniline] (“TAPC”), N,N,N',N'-tetra(3-methylphenyl)-3,3'-dimethylbenzidine (“HMTPD”), 4,4',4”-tris(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine (“TCTA”), polyaniline / dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (“PANI / DBSA”), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) / poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (“PEDOT / PSS”), polyaniline / camphor sulfonic acid (“PANI / CSA”), polyaniline / poly(4-styrene sulfonate”) (“PANI / PSS”), CzSi or any combination thereof:

[0312]

[0313]

[0314]

[0315]

[0316]

[0317]

[0318]

[0319]

[0320]

[0321]

[0322] .

[0323] In some embodiments, for example, the hole transport region may include a first compound represented by Formula 1 and a second compound represented by Formula 2. In other embodiments, the emission assist layer may include the first compound and the second compound.

[0324] The thickness of the hole transport region can range from about 50 Å to about 10,000 Å, for example, from about 100 Å to about 4,000 Å. When the hole transport region includes a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, or any combination thereof, the thickness of the hole injection layer can be from about 100 Å to about 9,000 Å, for example, from about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å, and the thickness of the hole transport layer can be from about 50 Å to about 2,000 Å, for example, from about 100 Å to about 1,500 Å. When the thicknesses of the hole transport region, the hole injection layer, and the hole transport layer are within the above ranges, satisfactory hole transport characteristics can be obtained without significantly increasing the driving voltage.

[0325] The emission assist layer can increase luminous efficiency by compensating for the optical resonant distance according to the wavelength of the light emitted by the emission layer, and the electron blocking layer can prevent electrons from leaking from the emission layer to the hole transport region. Materials that may be included in the hole transport region may be included in both the emission assist layer and the electron blocking layer.

[0326] In addition to these materials, the hole transport region may further include a charge-generating material for improving conductivity. The charge-generating material may be uniformly or non-uniformly dispersed in the hole transport region (e.g., in the form of a single layer composed of the charge-generating material).

[0327] For example, charge-generating materials can be p-doped.

[0328] In some implementations, for example, the LUMO level of the p-doped agent may be less than or equal to -3.5 eV.

[0329] In embodiments, p-dopersive agents may include quinone derivatives, cyano-containing compounds, compounds comprising elements EL1 and EL2, or any combination thereof.

[0330] In embodiments, quinone derivatives may include TCNQ and F4-TCNQ.

[0331] In embodiments, the cyano-containing compound may include HAT-CN and compounds represented by formula 221:

[0332]

[0333] <Formula 221>

[0334] .

[0335] In Equation 221,

[0336] R 221 To R 223 Each can be independently unsubstituted or by at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups, and

[0337] R 221 To R 223 At least one of them can be independently replaced by C3-C as described below. 60 Carbocyclic or C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups: cyano; -F; -Cl; -Br; -I; C1-C substituted with cyano, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I or any combination thereof 20 Alkyl groups; or any combination thereof.

[0338] In a compound comprising elements EL1 and EL2, element EL1 may be a metal, a metalloid, or any combination thereof, and element EL2 may be a nonmetal, a metalloid, or any combination thereof.

[0339] In embodiments, the metal may include alkali metals (e.g., lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs), etc.); alkaline earth metals (e.g., beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), etc.); transition metals (e.g., titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), vanadium (V), niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), manganese (Mn), technetium (Tc), rhenium (Re), iron (Fe), ruthenium (Ru), osmium (Os) Cobalt (Co), rhodium (Rh), iridium (Ir), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), copper (Cu), silver (Ag), gold (Au), etc.; later transition metals (e.g., zinc (Zn), indium (In), tin (Sn), etc.); or lanthanides (e.g., lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd), promethium (Pm), samarium (Sm), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb), dysprosium (Dy), holmium (Ho), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm), ytterbium (Yb), lutetium (Lu), etc.).

[0340] In embodiments, the metalloid may include silicon (Si), antimony (Sb), or tellurium (Te).

[0341] In implementations, nonmetals may include oxygen (O) and halogens (e.g., F, Cl, Br, I, etc.).

[0342] In the embodiments, the compounds including elements EL1 and EL2 may include metal oxides, metal halides (e.g., metal fluorides, metal chlorides, metal bromides, metal iodides, etc.), quasi-metal halides (e.g., quasi-metal fluorides, quasi-metal chlorides, quasi-metal bromides, quasi-metal iodides, etc.), metal tellurides, or any combination thereof.

[0343] In embodiments, the metal oxide may include tungsten oxide (e.g., WO, W2O3, WO2, WO3, W2O5, etc.), vanadium oxide (e.g., VO, V2O3, VO2, V2O5, etc.), molybdenum oxide (e.g., MoO, Mo2O3, MoO2, MoO3, Mo2O5, etc.) or rhenium oxide (e.g., ReO3, etc.).

[0344] In the embodiments, the metal halide may include alkali metal halides, alkaline earth metal halides, transition metal halides, post-transition metal halides, or lanthanide metal halides.

[0345] In embodiments, alkali metal halides may include LiF, NaF, KF, RbF, CsF, LiCl, NaCl, KCl, RbCl, CsCl, LiBr, NaBr, KBr, RbBr, CsBr, LiI, NaI, KI, RbI, or CsI.

[0346] In embodiments, alkaline earth metal halides may include BeF2, MgF2, CaF2, SrF2, BaF2, BeCl2, MgCl2, CaCl2, SrCl2, BaCl2, BeBr2, MgBr2, CaBr2, SrBr2, BaBr2, BeI2, MgI2, CaI2, SrI2, or BaI2.

[0347] In embodiments, transition metal halides may include titanium halides (e.g., TiF4, TiCl4, TiBr4, TiI4, etc.), zirconium halides (e.g., ZrF4, ZrCl4, ZrBr4, ZrI4, etc.), hafnium halides (e.g., HfF4, HfCl4, HfBr4, HfI4, etc.), vanadium halides (e.g., VF3, VCl3, VBr3, VI3, etc.), niobium halides (e.g., NbF3, NbCl3, NbBr3, NbI3, etc.), and tantalum halides (e.g., TaF3, TaCl3). TaBr3, TaI3, etc.), chromium halides (e.g., CrF3, CrCl3, CrBr3, CrI3, etc.), molybdenum halides (e.g., MoF3, MoCl3, MoBr3, MoI3, etc.), tungsten halides (e.g., WF3, WCl3, WBr3, WI3, etc.), manganese halides (e.g., MnF2, MnCl2, MnBr2, MnI2, etc.), technetium halides (e.g., TcF2, TcCl2, TcBr2, TcI2, etc.), rhenium halides (e.g., ReF2, ReCl2, ReB2, etc.). Ferrous halides (e.g., FeF2, FeCl2, FeBr2, FeI2), ruthenium halides (e.g., RuF2, RuCl2, RuBr2, RuI2), osmium halides (e.g., OsF2, OsCl2, OsBr2, OsI2), cobalt halides (e.g., CoF2, CoCl2, CoBr2, CoI2), rhodium halides (e.g., RhF2, RhCl2, RhBr2, RhI2), iridium halides (e.g., IrF2, IrCl2, Ir...). Nickel halides (e.g., NiF2, NiCl2, NiBr2, NiI2), palladium halides (e.g., PdF2, PdCl2, PdBr2, PdI2), platinum halides (e.g., PtF2, PtCl2, PtBr2, PtI2), cuprous halides (e.g., CuF, CuCl, CuBr, CuI), silver halides (e.g., AgF, AgCl, AgBr, AgI), or gold halides (e.g., AuF, AuCl, AuBr, AuI).

[0348] In embodiments, the post-transition metal halide may include zinc halides (e.g., ZnF2, ZnCl2, ZnBr2, ZnI2, etc.), indium halides (e.g., InI3, etc.) or tin halides (e.g., SnI2, etc.).

[0349] In embodiments, lanthanide metal halides may include YbF, YbF2, YbF3, SmF3, YbCl, YbCl2, YbCl3, SmCl3, YbBr, YbBr2, YbBr3, SmBr3, YbI, YbI2, YbI3, or SmI3.

[0350] In embodiments, the quasi-metal halide may include antimony halides (e.g., SbCl5, etc.).

[0351] In embodiments, metal tellurides may include alkali metal tellurides (e.g., Li₂Te, Na₂Te, K₂Te, Rb₂Te, Cs₂Te, etc.), alkaline earth metal tellurides (e.g., BeTe, MgTe, CaTe, SrTe, BaTe, etc.), and transition metal tellurides (e.g., TiTe₂, ZrTe₂, HfTe₂, V₂Te₃, Nb₂Te₃, Ta₂Te₃, Cr₂Te₃, Mo₂Te₃, W₂Te₃, MnTe, TcTe, ReTe). (e.g., FeTe, RuTe, OsTe, CoTe, RhTe, IrTe, NiTe, PdTe, PtTe, Cu2Te, CuTe, Ag2Te, AgTe, Au2Te, etc.), post-transition metal tellurides (e.g., ZnTe, etc.) or lanthanide metal tellurides (e.g., LaTe, CeTe, PrTe, NdTe, PmTe, EuTe, GdTe, TbTe, DyTe, HoTe, ErTe, TmTe, YbTe, LuTe, etc.).

[0352] When the light-emitting device 10 is a full-color light-emitting device, the emitting layer can be patterned into a red emitting layer, a green emitting layer, and / or a blue emitting layer according to the sub-pixels. In one embodiment, the emitting layer may have a stacked structure of two or more layers selected from red, green, and blue emitting layers, wherein the two or more layers are in contact with or separated from each other to emit white light. In another embodiment, the emitting layer may include two or more materials selected from red, green, and blue emitting materials, wherein the two or more materials are mixed with each other in a single layer to emit white light. In another embodiment, for example, the emitting layer may emit blue light.

[0353] In an embodiment, the emission layer may include a first compound represented by Formula 1 and / or a second compound represented by Formula 2 as described in the specification.

[0354] The emitter layer may include a host and a dopant.

[0355] In this embodiment, the dopant may include phosphorescent dopant, fluorescent dopant, or any combination thereof. Phosphorescent or fluorescent dopant, etc., may be included in the emitting layer, each being the same as described below.

[0356] Based on 100 parts by weight of the host, the amount of dopant in the emitter layer can be from about 0.01 parts by weight to about 15 parts by weight.

[0357] In some implementations, the emission layer may include quantum dots.

[0358] In one embodiment, the emission layer may include a delayed fluorescence material. The delayed fluorescence material may act as a host or dopant in the emission layer.

[0359] The thickness of the emitting layer can be in the range of about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å (e.g., about 200 Å to about 600 Å). When the thickness of the emitting layer is within this range, excellent light emission characteristics can be obtained without significantly increasing the driving voltage.

[0360] For example, the subject may include carbazole-containing compounds, anthracene-containing compounds, or any combination thereof.

[0361] In an implementation, the main component may include a compound represented by formula 301:

[0362] <Formula 301>

[0363] [Ar 301 ] xb11 -[(L 301 ) xb1 -R 301 ] xb21 ,

[0364] In Equation 301,

[0365] Ar 301 and L 301 Each can be independently unsubstituted or by at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group,

[0366] xb11 can be 1, 2, or 3.

[0367] xb1 can be an integer selected from 0 to 5.

[0368] R 301 It can be hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, unsubstituted, or with at least one R. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 60 Alkenyl, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 60 Alkyne group, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60Carbocyclic, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups, -Si(Q) 301 (Q) 302 (Q) 303 -N(Q) 301 (Q) 302 -B(Q) 301 (Q) 302 -C(=O)(Q) 301 -S(=O)2(Q) 301 ) or -P(=O)(Q 301 (Q) 302 ),

[0369] xb21 can be an integer selected from 1 to 5, and

[0370] Q 301 To Q 303 Each can be described as described in Q1.

[0371] In the implementation, when xb11 in formula 301 is 2 or greater, two or more Ar 301 They can be connected to each other via a single key.

[0372] In another embodiment, the body may include a compound represented by formula 301-1, a compound represented by formula 301-2, or any combination thereof:

[0373] <Formula 301-1>

[0374]

[0375] <Formula 301-2>

[0376] .

[0377] In Equations 301-1 and 301-2,

[0378] Ring A 301 To Ring A 304 Each can be independently unsubstituted or by at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group,

[0379] X 301 It can be O, S, N[(L 304 ) xb4 -R 304 ]、C(R 304 (R) 305) or Si(R 304 (R) 305 ),

[0380] xb22 and xb23 can each be 0, 1, or 2 independently.

[0381] L 301 xb1 and R 301 Each can be as described in the instruction manual.

[0382] L 302 To L 304 Each can be used independently, as referenced in L. 301 Described,

[0383] xb2 to xb4 can each be independently described as with reference to xb1, and

[0384] R 302 To R 305 and R 311 To R 314 Each can refer to R. 301 Described.

[0385] In another embodiment, the host may include an alkaline earth metal complex, a post-transition metal complex, or any combination thereof. In another embodiment, the host may include a Be complex (e.g., compound H55), a Mg complex, a Zn complex, or any combination thereof.

[0386] In another embodiment, the body may include: one of compounds H1 to H128; 9,10-bis(2-naphthyl)anthracene (“ADN”); 2-methyl-9,10-bis(naphthyl-2-yl)anthracene (“MADN”); 9,10-bis(2-naphthyl)-2-tert-butyl-anthracene (“TBADN”); 4,4'-bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1'-biphenyl (“CBP”); 1,3-bis(9-carbazolyl)benzene (“mCP”); 1,3,5-tris(carbazolyl-9-yl)benzene (“TCP”); or any combination thereof:

[0387]

[0388]

[0389]

[0390]

[0391]

[0392]

[0393]

[0394]

[0395]

[0396]

[0397]

[0398]

[0399]

[0400]

[0401] .

[0402] In an implementation, the main body may include a first main compound and a second main compound.

[0403] In an implementation, the first host compound may be a hole transport host.

[0404] In an implementation, the second host compound may be an electron transport host.

[0405] In implementation, as used herein, the term "hole transport body" refers to a compound that includes a hole transport portion.

[0406] In implementation, as used herein, the term "electron transporter" refers not only to compounds that include an electron transport portion, but also to compounds that have bipolar properties.

[0407] The terms "hole transport subject" and "electron transport subject" can each be understood based on the relative difference between the hole mobility and electron mobility in the hole transport subject and the electron transport subject, respectively. In embodiments, for example, even when the electron transport subject does not include an electron transport portion, a bipolar compound exhibiting a relatively high electron mobility than the hole transport subject can be understood as an electron transport subject.

[0408] In the implementation, the hole transport subject can be represented by one of Equations 311-1 to 311-6, and the electron transport subject can be represented by one of Equations 312-1 to 312-4 and Equation 313:

[0409] <Formula 311-1>

[0410]

[0411] <Formula 311-2>

[0412]

[0413] <Formula 311-3>

[0414]

[0415] <Formula 311-4>

[0416]

[0417] <Formula 311-5>

[0418]

[0419] <Formula 311-6>

[0420]

[0421] <Formula 312-1>

[0422]

[0423] <Formula 312-2>

[0424]

[0425] <Formula 312-3>

[0426]

[0427] <Formula 312-4>

[0428]

[0429] <Form 313>

[0430]

[0431] <Form 313A>

[0432] .

[0433] In equations 311-1 to 311-6, 312-1 to 312-4, 313, and 313A

[0434] Ar 301 It can be unsubstituted or by at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group,

[0435] A 301 To A 304Each can be independently C3-C 60 Carbocyclic or C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group,

[0436] X 301 It can be O, S, N[(L 304 ) xb4 -R 304 ]、C[(L 304 ) xb4 -R 304 ][(L 305 ) xb5 -R 305 ] or Si[(L 304 ) xb4 -R 304 ][(L 305 ) xb5 -R 305 ],

[0437] X 302 Y 301 and Y 302 Each can be independently a single bond, O, S, N[(L 305 ) xb5 -R 305 ]、C[(L 304 ) xb4 -R 304 ][(L 305 ) xb5 -R 305 ]、Si[(L 304 ) xb4 -R 304 ][(L 305 ) xb5 -R 305 ] or S(=O)2,

[0438] xb1 to xb5 can each be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5.

[0439] xb6 can be 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5.

[0440] X 321 To X 328 Each can be independently N or C[(L 324 ) xb24 -R 324 ],

[0441] Y 321 It can be *-O-*', *-S-*', *-N[(L 325 ) xb25 -R 325 ]-*'、*-C[(L 325 )xb25 -R 325 ][(L 326 ) xb26 -R 326 ]-*'、*-C[(L 325 ) xb25 -R 325 ]=C[(L 326 ) xb26 -R 326 ]-*'、*-C[(L 325 ) xb25 -R 325 ]=N-*' or *-N=C[(L 326 ) xb26 -R 326 ]-*',

[0442] k21 can be 0, 1, or 2, where when k21 is 0, Y 321 It does not exist.

[0443] xb21 to xb26 can each be independently 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5.

[0444] A 31 A 32 and A 34 Each can be independently C3-C 60 Carbocyclic or C1-C 30 Heterocyclic group,

[0445] A 33 It can be a group represented by formula 313A.

[0446] X 31 It can be N[(L) 335 ) xb35 -(R 335 )]、O、S、Se、C[(L 335 ) xb35 -(R 335 )][(L 336 ) xb36 -(R 336 )] or Si[(L 335 ) xb35 -(R 335 )][(L 336 ) xb36 -(R 336 )],

[0447] xb31 to xb36 can each be independently 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5.

[0448] xb42 to xb44 can each independently be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10.

[0449] L 301 To L 306 L 321 To L 326 and L 331 To L 336 Each can be independently a single bond, unsubstituted, or bonded by at least one R. 10a Replacement C1-C 20 Alkylene, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 20 alkenyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 20 alkyne group, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 10 Cycloalkylene, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C6-C 60 aryl, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 heteroaryl, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Substituted divalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic groups or unsubstituted groups or groups modified by at least one R 10a Substituted divalent non-aromatic fused heterocyclic groups,

[0450] R 301 To R 305 R 311 To R 314 R 321 To R 326 and R 331 To R 336 Each group can be independently hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, amido, hydrazine, hydrazone, unsubstituted, or substituted with at least one R. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 60 Alkenyl, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 60 Alkyne group, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10aReplacement C1-C 60 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 10 Cycloalkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C6-C 60 aryl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C6-C 60 aryloxy group, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C6-C 60 Aryl thiols, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 heteroaryl, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heteroaryl groups, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heteroaryl thiols, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Substituted monovalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic groups, unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted monovalent non-aromatic fused heterocyclic groups, -Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), -B(Q1)(Q2), -N(Q1)(Q2), -P(Q1)(Q2), -C(=O)(Q1), -S(=O)(Q1), -S(=O)2(Q1), -P(=O)(Q1)(Q2) or -P(=S)(Q1)(Q2),

[0451] R 321 To R 326 Two or more adjacent elements may optionally be bonded to each other to form an unsubstituted or R-terminated compound. 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group,

[0452] R 10a Possible forms:

[0453] Deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano or nitro;

[0454] Each of the unsubstituted or substituted C1-C 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl or C1-C 60 Alkoxy groups: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C3-C 60 Carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C1-C 60 Heteroaryloxy, C1-C 60 heteroaryl thiols, C7-C 60 Aryl alkyl, C2-C 60 Heteroaryl, -Si(Q) 11 (Q) 12 (Q) 13 -N(Q) 11 (Q) 12 -B(Q) 11 (Q) 12 -C(=O)(Q) 11 -S(=O)2(Q) 11 -P(=O)(Q) 11 (Q) 12 ) or any combination thereof;

[0455] Each of the unsubstituted or substituted C3-Cs as described below 60 Carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C1-C 60 Heteroaryloxy, C1-C 60 heteroaryl thiols, C7-C 60 Aryl or C2-C 60 Heteroalkyl groups: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C1-C 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 Alkyne group, C1-C 60 Alkoxy, C3-C 60 Carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C1-C 60 Heteroaryloxy, C1-C 60 heteroaryl thiols, C7-C 60 Aryl alkyl, C2-C 60 Heteroaryl, -Si(Q)21 (Q) 22 (Q) 23 -N(Q) 21 (Q) 22 -B(Q) 21 (Q) 22 -C(=O)(Q) 21 -S(=O)2(Q) 21 -P(=O)(Q) 21 (Q) 22 ) or any combination thereof; or

[0456] -Si(Q 31 (Q) 32 (Q) 33 -N(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -B(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -C(=O)(Q) 31 -S(=O)2(Q) 31 ) or -P(=O)(Q 31 (Q) 32 ),and

[0457] Q1 to Q3, Q 11 To Q 13 Q 21 To Q 23 and Q 31 To Q 33 Each can be independently: hydrogen; deuterium; -F; -Cl; -Br; -I; hydroxyl; cyano; nitro; or each unsubstituted or replaced by deuterium, -F, cyano, C1-C. 60 Alkyl, C1-C 60 C1-C substituted with alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, or any combination thereof 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 Alkyne group, C1-C 60 Alkoxy, C1-C 60 Alkylthio, C3-C 60 Carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C7-C 60 Aryl or C2-C 60 Heteroaryl alkyl groups.

[0458] In the embodiments, the first host compound and the second host compound can form an excited-state complex.

[0459] Phosphorescent dopants may include at least one transition metal as the center metal.

[0460] Phosphorescent dopants may include monodentate ligands, dipentate ligands, tridentate ligands, tetradentate ligands, pentadentate ligands, hexadentate ligands, or any combination thereof.

[0461] Phosphorescent dopants can be electrically neutral.

[0462] In an embodiment, the phosphorescent dopant may include an organometallic compound represented by formula 401:

[0463] <Formula 401>

[0464] M(L 401 ) xc1 (L 402 ) xc2

[0465] <Formula 402>

[0466] .

[0467] In Equations 401 and 402,

[0468] M can be a transition metal (e.g., Ir, Pt, Pd, Os, Ti, Au, Hf, Eu, Tb, Rh, Re, or Tm).

[0469] L 401 The ligand can be represented by Equation 402, and xc1 can be 1, 2, or 3, wherein when xc1 is 2 or greater, two or more L... 401 They can be the same or different from each other.

[0470] L 402 It can be an organic ligand, and xc2 can be 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, wherein when xc2 is 2 or greater, two or more L... 402 They can be the same or different from each other.

[0471] X 401 and X 402 They can be nitrogen or carbon independently.

[0472] Ring A 401 And Ring A 402 Each can be independently C3-C 60 Carbocyclic or C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group,

[0473] T 401 Can be a single bond, *-O-*', *-S-*', *-C(=O)-*', *-N(Q) 411 )-*'、*-C(Q 411 (Q)412 )-*'、*-C(Q 411 )=C(Q 412 )-*'、*-C(Q 411 )=*' or *=C=*',

[0474] X 403 and X 404 Each can be an independent chemical bond (e.g., covalent or coordinate), O, S, N (Q) 413 ), B(Q) 413 ), P(Q 413 ), C(Q 413 (Q) 414 ) or Si(Q 413 (Q) 414 ),

[0475] Q 411 To Q 414 Each can be the same as described in reference Q1.

[0476] R 401 and R 402 Each can be independently hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, unsubstituted, or substituted with at least one R. 10a Replacement C1-C 20 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 20 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 Carbocyclic, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups, -Si(Q) 401 (Q) 402 (Q) 403 -N(Q) 401 (Q) 402 -B(Q) 401 (Q) 402 -C(=O)(Q) 401 -S(=O)2(Q) 401 ) or -P(=O)(Q 401 (Q) 402 ),

[0477] Q 401 To Q 403 Each can be the same as described in reference Q1.

[0478] xc11 and xc12 can each be an integer selected from 0 to 10 independently, and

[0479] In Equation 402, * and *' each indicate the binding site with M in Equation 401.

[0480] In the implementation, in equation 402, i)X 401 It can be nitrogen, and X 402 It can be carbon, or ii)X 401 and X 402 Each of them can be nitrogen.

[0481] In another embodiment, when xc1 in equation 401 is 2 or greater, two or more L 401 The two rings A in 401 Optionally via T as a linking group 402 Connected to each other, or two rings A 402 Optionally via T as a linking group 403 They are interconnected (refer to compounds PD1 through PD4 and PD7). T 402 and T 403 Each can be compared with reference T. 401 The descriptions are the same.

[0482] In Equation 401, L 402 It can be an organic ligand. In the embodiment, L 402 It may include halogen groups, diketone groups (e.g., acetylacetone groups), carboxylic acid groups (e.g., pyridine carboxyl groups), -C (=O), isonitrile groups, -CN groups, phosphorus-containing groups (e.g., phosphin groups, phosphite groups, etc.) or any combination thereof.

[0483] For example, phosphorescent dopants may include one or any combination of compounds PD1 to PD39:

[0484]

[0485]

[0486]

[0487]

[0488]

[0489] .

[0490] Fluorescent dopants may include amine-containing compounds, styrene-containing compounds, or any combination thereof.

[0491] In an embodiment, the fluorescent dopant may include a compound represented by formula 501:

[0492] <Form 501>

[0493] .

[0494] In Equation 501,

[0495] Ar 501 L 501 To L 503 R 501 and R 502 Each can be independently unsubstituted or by at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group,

[0496] xd1 to xd3 can each be independently 0, 1, 2, or 3, and

[0497] xd4 can be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6.

[0498] In the implementation, Ar in Formula 501 501 It can be a fused ring group in which three or more monocyclic groups are fused together (e.g., anthracene, 1,2-benzophenanthrene, pyrene, etc.).

[0499] In another embodiment, xd4 in formula 501 can be 2.

[0500] In another embodiment, the fluorescent dopant may include: one of compounds FD1 to FD36; DPVBi; DPAVBi; or any combination thereof.

[0501]

[0502]

[0503]

[0504]

[0505]

[0506]

[0507] .

[0508] The emission layer may further include a delayed fluorescence material.

[0509] In this paper, the delayed fluorescence material can be selected from compounds that can emit delayed fluorescence based on the delayed fluorescence emission mechanism.

[0510] Depending on the type of other materials included in the emission layer, the delayed fluorescence material included in the emission layer can act as either a host or a dopant.

[0511] In this embodiment, the energy difference between the triplet level (eV) and the singlet level (eV) of the delayed fluorescent material can be at least about 0 eV and no more than about 0.5 eV. When the energy difference between the triplet level (eV) and the singlet level (eV) of the delayed fluorescent material is within the above range, the upconversion from the triplet state to the singlet state of the delayed fluorescent material can occur effectively, and therefore, the light-emitting device 10 can have improved luminous efficiency.

[0512] In embodiments, delayed fluorescence materials may include: i) comprising at least one electron donor (e.g., π-electron-rich C3-C ... 60 A cyclic group (e.g., carbazole group) and at least one electron acceptor (e.g., sulfoxide group, cyano group, or a nitrogen-containing C1-C group lacking π electrons). 60 Materials containing cyclic groups, etc., ii) including C8-C 60 Polycyclic aromatic compounds, C8-C 60 Polycyclic groups include at least two cyclic groups that are fused together while sharing boron (B).

[0513] In this embodiment, the delayed fluorescence material may include at least one of compounds DF1 to DF14:

[0514]

[0515]

[0516]

[0517] .

[0518] The emission layer may include quantum dots.

[0519] As used herein, the term "quantum dot" refers to a crystal of a semiconductor compound. Depending on the size of the crystal, quantum dots can emit light at various wavelengths. By adjusting the proportions of elements in the quantum dot compound, quantum dots can emit light at various wavelengths.

[0520] For example, the diameter of quantum dots can range from about 1 nanometer (nm) to about 10 nm.

[0521] Quantum dots can be synthesized using wet chemical processes, metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (“MOCVD”), molecular beam epitaxy (“MBE”), or any similar process.

[0522] Wet chemical processes involve mixing precursor materials with an organic solvent and then growing quantum dot crystals. During quantum dot crystal growth, the organic solvent naturally acts as a dispersant coordinated on the surface of the quantum dot crystals, and the growth of the quantum dot crystals can be controlled. Accordingly, in wet chemical processes, the growth of quantum dot crystals can be controlled more cost-effectively and easily than chemical vapor deposition methods (e.g., MOCVD or MBE processes).

[0523] Quantum dots may include: group II-VI semiconductor compounds; group III-V semiconductor compounds; group III-VI semiconductor compounds; group I-III-VI semiconductor compounds; group IV-VI semiconductor compounds; group IV elements or compounds; or any combination thereof.

[0524] In embodiments, group II-VI semiconductor compounds may include binary compounds (e.g., CdS, CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnO, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, MgSe, or MgS); ternary compounds (e.g., CdSeS, CdSeTe, CdSTe, ZnSeS, ZnSeTe, ZnSTe, HgSeS, HgSeTe, HgSTe, CdZnS, ... CdZnSe, CdZnTe, CdHgS, CdHgSe, CdHgTe, HgZnS, HgZnSe, HgZnTe, MgZnSe or MgZnS); quaternary compounds (e.g., CdZnSeS, CdZnSeTe, CdZnSTe, CdHgSeS, CdHgSeTe, CdHgSTe, HgZnSeS, HgZnSeTe or HgZnSTe); or any combination thereof.

[0525] In embodiments, group III-V semiconductor compounds may include: binary compounds (e.g., GaN, GaP, GaAs, GaSb, AlN, AlP, AlAs, AlSb, InN, InP, InAs, or InSb); ternary compounds (e.g., GaNP, GaNAs, GaNSb, GaPAs, GaPSb, AlNP, AlNAs, AlNSb, AlPAs, AlPSb, InGaP, InNP, InAlP, InNAs, InNSb, InPAs, or InPSb); quaternary compounds (e.g., GaAlNP, GaAlNAs, GaAlNSb, GaAlPAs, GaAlPSb, GaInNP, GaInNAs, GaInNSb, GaInPAs, GaInPSb, InAlNP, InAlNAs, InAlNSb, InAlPAs, or InAlPSb); or any combination thereof. Group III-V semiconductor compounds may further include group II elements. In embodiments, group III-V semiconductor compounds that further include group II elements may include InZnP, InGaZnP, InAlZnP, etc.

[0526] In embodiments, group III-VI semiconductor compounds may include: binary compounds (e.g., GaS, Ga2S3, GaSe, Ga2Se3, GaTe, InS, InSe, In2Se3, or InTe); ternary compounds (e.g., InGaS3 or InGaSe3); or any combination thereof.

[0527] In embodiments, group I-III-VI semiconductor compounds may include: ternary compounds (e.g., AgInS, AgInS2, AgInSe2, AgGaS, AgGaS2, AgGaSe2, CuInS, CuInS2, CuInSe2, CuGaS2, CuGaSe2, CuGaO2, AgGaO2, or AgAlO2, etc.); quaternary compounds (e.g., AgInGaS, AgInGaSe, CuInGaS, CuInGaS2, AgInGaS2, or AgInGaSe2, etc.); or any combination thereof.

[0528] In embodiments, group IV-VI semiconductor compounds may include: binary compounds (e.g., SnS, SnSe, SnTe, PbS, PbSe, or PbTe); ternary compounds (e.g., SnSeS, SnSeTe, SnSTe, PbSeS, PbSeTe, PbSTe, SnPbS, SnPbSe, or SnPbTe); quaternary compounds (e.g., SnPbSSe, SnPbSeTe, or SnPbSTe); or any combination thereof.

[0529] The Group IV element or compound may include: a single element material (for example, Si or Ge); a binary compound (for example, SiC or SiGe); or any combination thereof.

[0530] Each element included in the multi-element compound (for example, a binary compound, a ternary compound, and a quaternary compound) may be present in the particle at a uniform concentration or a non-uniform concentration. The above formula refers to the type of element included in each compound, and the element ratios in these compounds may be different from each other. In an embodiment, for example, AgInGaS2 may indicate AgIn x Ga 1-x S2 (where x is a real number satisfying 0<x<1).

[0531] The quantum dot may have a single structure in which the concentration of each element in the quantum dot is uniform, or a core-shell dual structure. In an embodiment, for example, the material included in the core and the material included in the shell may be different from each other.

[0532] The shell of the quantum dot may serve as a protective layer that prevents chemical denaturation of the core to maintain semiconductor properties and / or may serve as a charging layer that imparts electrophoretic properties to the quantum dot. The shell may be a single layer or multiple layers. The interface between the core and the shell may have a concentration gradient in which the concentration of elements present in the shell decreases toward the center of the core.

[0533] In an embodiment, the shell of the quantum dot may be an oxide of a metal or non-metal, a semiconductor compound, or any combination thereof. In an embodiment, the oxide of a metal or non-metal may include: a binary compound (for example, SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, ZnO, MnO, Mn2O3, Mn3O4, CuO, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, CoO, Co3O4, or NiO); a ternary compound (for example, MgAl2O4, CoFe2O4, NiFe2O4, or CoMn2O4); and any combination thereof. In an embodiment, the semiconductor compound may include: a Group III-VI semiconductor compound as described herein; a Group II-VI semiconductor compound; a Group III-V semiconductor compound; a Group I-III-VI semiconductor compound; a Group IV-VI semiconductor compound; or any combination thereof. In an embodiment, for example, the semiconductor compound may include CdS, CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnSeS, ZnSTe, GaAs, GaP, GaS, GaSe, AgGaS, AgGaS2, GaSb, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, InAs, InP, InGaP, InSb, AlAs, AlP, AlSb, or any combination thereof.

[0534] In multi-element compounds (e.g., binary and ternary compounds), each element may exist in the particles at a uniform or non-uniform concentration. The formula above refers to the type of element included in each compound, and the proportions of elements in these compounds may differ from one another.

[0535] The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the emission wavelength spectrum of quantum dots can be about 45 nm or less, for example, about 40 nm or less, for example, about 30 nm or less, and within these ranges, color purity or color reproducibility can be increased. Additionally, because light emitted through quantum dots is emitted in all directions, a wide viewing angle can be improved.

[0536] In addition, quantum dots can take the form of spherical nanoparticles, cone-shaped nanoparticles, multi-armed nanoparticles, cubic nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanowires, nanofibers, or nanoplates.

[0537] By adjusting the size of quantum dots, the band gap can be adjusted, and thus, light of various wavelengths can be obtained in the quantum dot emission layer. Therefore, by using quantum dots as described above (quantum dots of different sizes or by changing the proportions of elements in a quantum dot compound), a light-emitting device emitting light of various wavelengths can be realized. Specifically, the size of the quantum dots or the proportions of elements in the quantum dot compound can be selected so that red, green, and / or blue light can be emitted. Furthermore, quantum dots can emit white light by combining various colors of light.

[0538] The electron transport region may have: i) a single-layer structure consisting of a single layer made of a single material, ii) a single-layer structure consisting of a single layer comprising multiple materials that are different from each other, or iii) a multi-layer structure comprising multiple layers comprising multiple materials that are different from each other.

[0539] The electron transport region may include a buffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron control layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, or any combination thereof.

[0540] In an implementation, for example, the electron transport region may have an electron transport layer / electron injection layer structure, a hole blocking layer / electron transport layer / electron injection layer structure, an electron control layer / electron transport layer / electron injection layer structure, or a buffer layer / electron transport layer / electron injection layer structure, wherein the layers in each structure are stacked sequentially from the emitter layer.

[0541] Electron transport regions (e.g., buffer layers, hole blocking layers, electron control layers, or electron transport layers within electron transport regions) may include metal-free compounds comprising at least one π-electron-deficient nitrogen-containing C1-C. 60 Cyclic groups.

[0542] In an embodiment, the electron transport region may include a compound represented by Formula 601.

[0543] <Formula 601>

[0544] [Ar 601 ] xe11 -[(L 601 ) xe1 -R 601 ] xe21 .

[0545] In Equation 601,

[0546] Ar 601 and L 601 Each can be independently unsubstituted or by at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group,

[0547] xe11 can be 1, 2, or 3.

[0548] xe1 can be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5.

[0549] R 601 It can be unsubstituted or by at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 Carbocyclic, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups, -Si(Q) 601 (Q) 602 (Q) 603 -C(=O)(Q) 601 -S(=O)2(Q) 601 ) or -P(=O)(Q 601 (Q) 602 ),

[0550] Q 601 To Q 603 Each can be the same as described in reference Q1.

[0551] xe21 can be 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, and

[0552] Ar 601 L 601 and R 601 At least one of them can be independently unsubstituted or by at least one R. 10a Substituted π-electron-deficient nitrogen-containing C1-C 60 Cyclic groups.

[0553] In the implementation, when xe11 in formula 601 is 2 or greater, two or more Ar 601 They can be connected together with a single key.

[0554] In another embodiment, Ar in Formula 601 601 It can be unsubstituted or by at least one R 10a Substituted anthracene group.

[0555] In another embodiment, the electron transport region may include a compound represented by formula 601-1:

[0556] <Formula 601-1>

[0557] ,

[0558] In Equation 601-1,

[0559] X 614 It can be N or C(R) 614 ), X 615 It can be N or C(R) 615 ), X 616 It can be N or C(R) 616 ), and X 614 X 615 and X 616 At least one of them can be N,

[0560] L 611 To L 613 Each can be compared with reference L. 601 The descriptions are the same.

[0561] xe611 to xe613 may each be identical to the description in reference xe1.

[0562] R 611 To R 613 Each can be compared with reference R. 601 The descriptions are the same, and

[0563] R 614 To R 616 Each can be independently hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C1-C 20 Alkyl, C1-C 20 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group.

[0564] In the implementation, xe1 and xe611 to xe613 in Formula 601 and Formula 601-1 can each be 0, 1 or 2 independently.

[0565] In embodiments, the electron transport region may include: one of compounds ET1 to ET45; 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (“BCP”); 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (“Bphen”); Alq3; BAlq; TAZ; NTAZ; TSPO1, TPBi, BeBq2; or any combination thereof:

[0566]

[0567]

[0568]

[0569]

[0570]

[0571]

[0572]

[0573] .

[0574] The thickness of the electron transport region can be from about 100 Å to about 5,000 Å, for example, from about 160 Å to about 4,000 Å. When the electron transport region includes a buffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron control layer, an electron transport layer, or any combination thereof, the thickness of the buffer layer, the thickness of the hole blocking layer, or the thickness of the electron control layer can each independently be in the range of about 20 Å to about 1,000 Å, for example, from about 30 Å to about 300 Å, and the thickness of the electron transport layer can be in the range of about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å, for example, from about 150 Å to about 500 Å. When the thickness of the buffer layer, the thickness of the hole blocking layer, the thickness of the electron control layer, the thickness of the electron transport layer, and / or the thickness of the electron transport region are within these ranges, satisfactory electron transport characteristics can be obtained without significantly increasing the driving voltage.

[0575] In addition to the materials mentioned above, the electron transport region (e.g., the electron transport layer in the electron transport region) may further include a metallic material.

[0576] Metal-containing materials may include alkali metal complexes, alkaline earth metal complexes, or any combination thereof. The metal ion in an alkali metal complex may be Li, Na, K, Rb, or Cs ions, and the metal ion in an alkaline earth metal complex may be Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, or Ba ions. Ligands coordinated with the metal ions of the alkali metal complex or the alkaline earth metal complex may include hydroxyquinoline, hydroxyisoquinoline, hydroxybenzoquinoline, hydroxyacridine, hydroxyphenanthridine, hydroxyphenyloxazole, hydroxyphenylthiazole, hydroxyphenyloxadiazole, hydroxyphenylthiadiazole, hydroxyphenylpyridine, hydroxyphenylbenzimidazole, hydroxyphenylbenzothiazole, bipyridine, phenanthrene, cyclopentadiene, or any combination thereof.

[0577] In this embodiment, the metal-containing material may include a Li complex. For example, the Li complex may include compound ET-D1 (Liq) or compound ET-D2:

[0578] .

[0579] The electron transport region may include an electron injection layer that facilitates the injection of electrons from the second electrode 150. The electron injection layer may be in direct contact with the second electrode 150.

[0580] The electron injection layer may have: i) a monolayer structure consisting of a single layer composed of a single material; ii) a monolayer structure consisting of a single layer comprising multiple materials that are different from each other; or iii) a multilayer structure comprising multiple layers comprising multiple materials that are different from each other.

[0581] The electron injection layer may include alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, rare earth metals, alkali metal compounds, alkaline earth metal compounds, rare earth metal compounds, alkali metal complexes, alkaline earth metal complexes, rare earth metal complexes, or any combination thereof.

[0582] Alkali metals may include Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, or any combination thereof. Alkali earth metals may include Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, or any combination thereof. Rare earth metals may include Sc, Y, Ce, Tb, Yb, Gd, or any combination thereof.

[0583] Alkali metal compounds, alkaline earth metal compounds, and rare earth metal compounds may include oxides of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and rare earth metals, halides (e.g., fluorides, chlorides, bromides, iodides, etc.) or tellurides, or any combination thereof.

[0584] The alkali metal-containing compound may include: an alkali metal oxide (e.g., Li2O, Cs2O or K2O); an alkali metal halide (e.g., LiF, NaF, CsF, KF, LiI, NaI, CsI or KI); or any combination thereof. The alkaline earth metal-containing compound may include an alkaline earth metal oxide (e.g., BaO, SrO, CaO, Ba x Sr 1-x O (x is a real number satisfying 0<x<1) or Ba x Ca 1-x O (x is a real number satisfying 0<x<1)). The rare earth metal-containing compound may include YbF3, ScF3, Sc2O3, Y2O3, Ce2O3, GdF3, TbF3, YbI3, ScI3, TbI3 or any combination thereof. In an embodiment, the rare earth metal-containing compound may include a lanthanide metal telluride. In an embodiment, the lanthanide metal telluride may include LaTe, CeTe, PrTe, NdTe, PmTe, SmTe, EuTe, GdTe, TbTe, DyTe, HoTe, ErTe, TmTe, YbTe, LuTe, La2Te3, Ce2Te3, Pr2Te3, Nd2Te3, Pm2Te3, Sm2Te3, Eu2Te3, Gd2Te3, Tb2Te3, Dy2Te3, Ho2Te3, Er2Te3, Tm2Te3, Yb2Te3 or Lu2Te3.

[0585] The alkali metal complex, alkaline earth metal complex and rare earth metal complex may include i) one of an alkali metal ion, an alkaline earth metal ion and a rare earth metal ion, and ii) a ligand bonded to the metal ion, for example, hydroxyquinoline, hydroxyisoquinoline, hydroxybenzoquinoline, hydroxyacridine, hydroxyphenanthridine, hydroxyphenyloxazole, hydroxyphenylthiazole, hydroxyphenyloxadiazole, hydroxyphenylthiadiazole, hydroxyphenylpyridine, hydroxyphenylbenzimidazole, hydroxyphenylbenzothiazole, bipyridine, phenanthroline, cyclopentadiene or any combination thereof.

[0586] The electron injection layer may be composed of the above-mentioned alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, rare earth metal, alkali metal-containing compound, alkaline earth metal-containing compound, rare earth metal-containing compound, alkali metal complex, alkaline earth metal complex, rare earth metal complex, or any combination thereof. In an embodiment, the electron injection layer may further include an organic material (for example, a compound represented by Formula 601).

[0587] In an embodiment, the electron injection layer may be composed of: i) an alkali metal-containing compound (e.g., an alkali metal halide); ii) a) an alkali metal-containing compound (e.g., an alkali metal halide) and b) an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, rare earth metal, or any combination thereof. In an embodiment, for example, the electron injection layer may be a KI:Yb co-deposition layer, an RbI:Yb co-deposition layer, or the like.

[0588] When the electron injection layer further includes organic materials, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, rare earth metals, alkali metal compounds, alkaline earth metal compounds, rare earth metal compounds, alkali metal complexes, alkaline earth metal complexes, rare earth metal complexes, or any combination thereof may be uniformly or non-uniformly dispersed in the matrix including the organic materials.

[0589] The thickness of the electron injection layer can be from about 1 Å to about 100 Å, for example, from about 3 Å to about 90 Å. When the thickness of the electron injection layer is within the range described above, satisfactory electron injection characteristics can be obtained without significantly increasing the driving voltage.

[0590] The second electrode 150 is disposed on the interlayer 130. The second electrode 150 may be a cathode serving as an electron injection electrode, and the material used to form the second electrode 150 may be a metal, alloy, conductive compound, or any combination thereof, each having a low work function.

[0591] The second electrode 150 may include lithium (Li), sodium (Na), silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), silver-lithium (Ag-Li), silver-sodium (Ag-Na), aluminum-lithium (Al-Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg-In), magnesium-silver (Mg-Ag), ytterbium (Yb), silver-ytterbium (Ag-Yb), ITO, IZO, or any combination thereof. The second electrode 150 may be a transmission electrode, a transmission-reflection electrode, or a reflection electrode.

[0592] The second electrode 150 may have a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure including multiple layers.

[0593] The first capping layer may be disposed outside the first electrode 110, and / or the second capping layer may be disposed outside the second electrode 150. In particular, the light-emitting device 10 may have a structure in which the first capping layer, the first electrode 110, the interlayer 130, and the second electrode 150 are stacked sequentially in the described order, or in which the first capping layer, the first electrode 110, the interlayer 130, the second electrode 150, and the second capping layer are stacked sequentially in the described order, or in which the first capping layer, the first electrode 110, the interlayer 130, the second electrode 150, and the second capping layer are stacked sequentially in the described order.

[0594] Light generated in the emitting layer of the interlayer 130 of the light-emitting device 10 can be extracted outward through the first electrode 110 (which is a transmissive or reflective electrode) and the first capping layer. Light generated in the emitting layer of the interlayer 130 of the light-emitting device 10 can be extracted outward through the second electrode 150 (which is a transmissive or reflective electrode) and the second capping layer.

[0595] The first and second capping layers can increase the external luminous efficiency based on the principle of constructive interference. Correspondingly, the light extraction efficiency of the light-emitting device 10 is increased, thereby increasing the luminous efficiency of the light-emitting device 10.

[0596] Each of the first and second capping layers may include a material having a refractive index of 1.6 or greater (at a wavelength of 589 nm).

[0597] The first capping layer and the second capping layer can each be independently an organic capping layer including organic materials, an inorganic capping layer including inorganic materials, or an organic-inorganic composite capping layer including both organic and inorganic materials.

[0598] At least one of the first and second capping layers may independently comprise a carbocyclic compound, a heterocyclic compound, an amino-containing compound, a porphyrin derivative, a phthalocyanine derivative, a naphthyl phthalocyanine derivative, an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth metal complex, or any combination thereof. The carbocyclic compound, heterocyclic compound, and amino-containing compound may optionally be substituted with substituents including O, N, S, Se, Si, F, Cl, Br, I, or any combination thereof. In embodiments, at least one of the first and second capping layers may independently comprise an amino-containing compound.

[0599] In an embodiment, at least one of the first capping layer and the second capping layer may each independently comprise a compound represented by formula 201, a compound represented by formula 202, or any combination thereof.

[0600] In an embodiment, at least one of the first capping layer and the second capping layer may each independently comprise one of compounds HT28 to HT33, one of compounds CP1 to CP6, β-NPB, or any combination thereof:

[0601]

[0602] .

[0603] The first compound represented by Formula 1 and / or the second compound represented by Formula 2 may be included in various membranes.

[0604] Therefore, another aspect of this disclosure provides a film comprising a first compound represented by Formula 1 and / or a second compound represented by Formula 2. For example, the film may be an optical component (or light control device) (e.g., a color filter, a color conversion component, a capping layer, a light extraction efficiency enhancement layer, a selective light absorption layer, a polarizing layer, a quantum dot layer, etc.), a light blocking component (e.g., a light reflecting layer, a light absorbing layer, etc.), or a protective component (e.g., an insulating layer, a dielectric layer, etc.).

[0605] The light-emitting device can be included in various electronic devices. In some embodiments, for example, the electronic device including the light-emitting device can be a light-emitting device or an authentication device, etc.

[0606] In addition to the light-emitting device, the electronic device (e.g., the light-emitting device) may further include i) a color filter, ii) a color conversion layer, or iii) both a color filter and a color conversion layer. The color filter and / or color conversion layer may be positioned in at least one direction of travel of the light emitted from the light-emitting device. In embodiments, for example, the light emitted from the light-emitting device may be blue light or white light. A detailed description of the light-emitting device has been provided above. In embodiments, the color conversion layer may include quantum dots. For example, the quantum dots may be as described herein.

[0607] An electronic device may include a first substrate. The first substrate may include a plurality of sub-pixel regions, a color filter may include a plurality of color filter regions corresponding to the plurality of sub-pixel regions, and a color conversion layer may include a plurality of color conversion regions corresponding to the plurality of sub-pixel regions.

[0608] A pixel-defining film can be disposed between multiple sub-pixel regions to define each of the multiple sub-pixel regions.

[0609] The color filter may further include multiple color filter areas and multiple light-blocking patterns disposed between the multiple color filter areas, and the color conversion layer may further include multiple color conversion areas and multiple light-blocking patterns disposed between the multiple color conversion areas.

[0610] Multiple color filter regions (or multiple color conversion regions) may include a first region emitting a first color light, a second region emitting a second color light, and / or a third region emitting a third color light, wherein the first color light, the second color light, and / or the third color light may have different maximum emission wavelengths. In an embodiment, the first color light may be red light, the second color light may be green light, and the third color light may be blue light. In an embodiment, the multiple color filter regions (or multiple color conversion regions) may include quantum dots. Specifically, the first region may include red quantum dots, the second region may include green quantum dots, and the third region may not include quantum dots. A detailed description of quantum dots is provided herein. The first region, the second region, and / or the third region may each further include a scatterer.

[0611] In one embodiment, the light-emitting device can emit first light, a first region can absorb the first light to emit light of a first-i-th color, a second region can absorb the first light to emit light of a second-i-th color, and a third region can absorb the first light to emit light of a third-i-th color. In this case, the first-i-th color light, the second-i-th color light, and the third-i-th color light can have different maximum emission wavelengths. Specifically, the first light can be blue light, the first-i-th color light can be red light, the second-i-th color light can be green light, and the third-i-th color light can be blue light.

[0612] In addition to the light-emitting device as described above, the electronic device may further include a thin-film transistor. The thin-film transistor may include a source electrode, a drain electrode, and an active layer, wherein either the source electrode or the drain electrode may be electrically connected to either the first electrode or the second electrode of the light-emitting device.

[0613] Thin-film transistors may further include gate electrodes or gate insulating films, etc.

[0614] The active layer may include crystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, organic semiconductors, or oxide semiconductors, etc.

[0615] The electronic device may further include a sealing portion for sealing the light-emitting device. The sealing portion may be disposed between the color filter and / or color conversion layer and the light-emitting device. The sealing portion allows light from the light-emitting device to be extracted to the outside while simultaneously preventing ambient air and moisture from penetrating into the light-emitting device. The sealing portion may be a sealing substrate comprising a transparent glass substrate or a plastic substrate. The sealing portion may be a thin-film encapsulation layer comprising at least one layer selected from organic and inorganic layers. When the sealing portion is a thin-film encapsulation layer, the electronic device may be flexible.

[0616] Depending on the application of the electronic device, various functional layers, in addition to color filters and / or color conversion layers, may be additionally arranged on the sealed portion. In an embodiment, the functional layers may include a touchscreen layer and a polarization layer. The touchscreen layer may be a pressure-sensitive touchscreen layer, a capacitive touchscreen layer, or an infrared touchscreen layer. For example, the authentication device may be a biometric authentication device that authenticates an individual using biometric information from a living body (e.g., fingertip, pupil, etc.).

[0617] In addition to the light-emitting device described above, the authentication device may further include a biometric information collector.

[0618] Electronic devices (e.g., light-emitting devices) can be applied to various types of electronic equipment. In embodiments, electronic devices can be applied to various displays, light sources, lighting devices, personal computers (e.g., mobile personal computers), portable telephones, digital cameras, electronic notebooks, electronic dictionaries, video game consoles, medical tools (e.g., electronic thermometers, blood pressure monitors, blood glucose meters, pulse measuring devices, pulse wave measuring devices, electrocardiogram displays, ultrasound diagnostic equipment, or endoscopes), fish finders, various measuring tools, instruments (e.g., instruments for vehicles, aircraft, and ships), or projectors, etc.

[0619] Electronic devices can be applied to various types of electronic equipment. Accordingly, light-emitting devices can be included in various types of electronic equipment.

[0620] In this embodiment, the light-emitting device can be applied to various types of electronic devices. The electronic devices in this embodiment may include the aforementioned light-emitting device, and in addition to the light-emitting device, may further include modules or devices with other functions.

[0621] In the embodiments, the electronic device including the light-emitting device may be one of the following: flat panel display, curved display, computer monitor, medical monitor, television, billboard, indoor light, outdoor light, signal light, head-up display, fully transparent display, partially transparent display, flexible display, rollable display, foldable display, retractable display, laser printer, telephone, portable telephone, tablet PC, tablet computer, PDA, wearable device, laptop computer, digital camera, camcorder, viewfinder, microdisplay, 3D display, virtual reality display, augmented reality display, vehicle, video wall with multiple displays spliced ​​together, theater screen, stadium screen, phototherapy device, and sign.

[0622] Because light-emitting devices excel in luminous efficiency and long lifespan, electronic devices that include light-emitting devices can have relatively high brightness, relatively high resolution, and relatively low power consumption.

[0623] Figure 2 A schematic cross-sectional view illustrating an embodiment of the electronic device; and

[0624] Figure 2 The electronic device includes a substrate 100, a thin-film transistor (“TFT”), a light-emitting device, and a sealing portion 300 that seals the light-emitting device.

[0625] The substrate 100 may be a flexible substrate, a glass substrate, or a metal substrate. A buffer layer 210 may be disposed on the substrate 100. The buffer layer 210 can prevent the penetration of impurities through the substrate 100 and can provide a flat surface on the substrate 100.

[0626] The TFT may be disposed on the buffer layer 210. The TFT may include an active layer 220, a gate electrode 240, a source electrode 260, and a drain electrode 270.

[0627] The active layer 220 may include inorganic semiconductors (e.g., silicon or polysilicon), organic semiconductors or oxide semiconductors, and may include source regions, drain regions and channel regions.

[0628] A gate insulating film 230 for insulating the active layer 220 from the gate electrode 240 may be disposed on the active layer 220, and the gate electrode 240 may be disposed on the gate insulating film 230.

[0629] Interlayer insulating film 250 may be disposed on gate electrode 240. Interlayer insulating film 250 may be disposed between gate electrode 240 and source electrode 260 and between gate electrode 240 and drain electrode 270 to insulate these electrodes from each other.

[0630] The source electrode 260 and the drain electrode 270 may be disposed on the interlayer insulating film 250. The interlayer insulating film 250 and the gate insulating film 230 may be formed to expose the source region and drain region of the active layer 220, and the source electrode 260 and the drain electrode 270 may be disposed to contact the exposed portions of the source region and drain region of the active layer 220.

[0631] The TFT can be electrically connected to a light-emitting device to drive the light-emitting device, and can be covered and protected by a passivation layer 280. The passivation layer 280 may include an inorganic insulating film, an organic insulating film, or any combination thereof. The light-emitting device may be provided on the passivation layer 280. The light-emitting device may include a first electrode 110, a sandwich layer 130, and a second electrode 150.

[0632] The first electrode 110 may be disposed on the passivation layer 280. The passivation layer 280 may be configured to expose a portion of the drain electrode 270 without completely covering the drain electrode 270, and the first electrode 110 may be configured to be connected to the exposed portion of the drain electrode 270.

[0633] A pixel defining film 290, including insulating material, may be disposed on the first electrode 110. The pixel defining film 290 may expose a predetermined area of ​​the first electrode 110, and an interlayer 130 may be formed in the exposed area of ​​the first electrode 110. The pixel defining film 290 may be a polyimide-based organic film or a polyacrylic acid-based organic film. Although not explicitly stated... Figure 2 As shown, however, at least some layers of the interlayer 130 may extend beyond the upper part of the pixel defining film 290 and be arranged as common layers.

[0634] The second electrode 150 may be disposed on the interlayer 130, and the capping layer 170 may be additionally formed on the second electrode 150. The capping layer 170 may be formed to cover the second electrode 150.

[0635] A sealing portion 300 may be disposed on the capping layer 170. The sealing portion 300 may be disposed on the light-emitting device to protect it from moisture or oxygen. The sealing portion 300 may include an inorganic film, which includes silicon nitride (SiN). x ), silicon oxide (SiO) x ITO, IZO, or any combination thereof; organic membranes, including PET, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, polyimide, polyethylene sulfonate, polyoxymethylene, PAR, hexamethyldisiloxane, acrylic resins (e.g., polymethyl methacrylate or polyacrylic acid), epoxy resins (e.g., aliphatic glycidyl ether (“AGE”) etc.) or any combination thereof; or combinations of inorganic and organic membranes.

[0636] Figure 3 A schematic cross-sectional view illustrating another embodiment of the electronic device.

[0637] Figure 3 electronic devices and Figure 2 The electronic devices are essentially the same, except that the light-shielding pattern 500 and the functional area 400 are additionally arranged on the sealed portion 300. The functional area 400 may be: i) a color filter area, ii) a color conversion area, or iii) a combination of a color filter area and a color conversion area. In the embodiment, Figure 3 The light-emitting device included in the electronic device may be a series light-emitting device.

[0638] Figure 4 This is a block diagram illustrating an implementation of electronic device 1. (See reference...) Figure 4 The electronic device 1 in the embodiment may include a display module 11, a processor 12, a memory 13, and a power module 14.

[0639] The processor 12 may include at least one of a central processing unit (“CPU”), an application processor (“AP”), a graphics processing unit (“GPU”), a communication processor (“CP”), an image signal processor (“ISP”), and a controller.

[0640] The memory 13 can store data information desired by the operation of the processor 12 or the display module 11. When the processor 12 executes the application program stored in the memory 13, image data signals and / or input control signals can be transmitted to the display module 11, and the display module 11 can process the provided signals and output image information on the display.

[0641] The power module 14 may include a power supply module (e.g., a power adapter, a battery device, etc.) and a power conversion module configured to convert the power supplied by the power supply module and generate the power desired for the operation of the electronic device 1.

[0642] At least one of the components of electronic device 1 may be included in the light-emitting device in the above embodiments. Additionally, some of the individual modules functionally included in a single module may be included in the light-emitting device, and the remaining individual modules (other individual modules) may be provided separately from the light-emitting device. In embodiments, for example, the light-emitting device may include a display module 11, and the processor 12, memory 13, and power module 14 may be provided in electronic device 1 as devices other than the light-emitting device.

[0643] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the implementation of electronic devices.

[0644] refer to Figure 5 The various types of electronic devices that apply electronic devices (e.g., light-emitting devices) may include not only electronic devices for image display (e.g., smartphones 1_1a, tablet personal computers (“PCs”) 1_1b, laptop computers 1_1c, televisions (“TVs”) 1_1d, desktop monitors 1_1e, etc.), but also wearable electronic devices that include display modules (e.g., smart glasses 1_2a, head-mounted displays 1_2b, smartwatches 1_2c, etc.) and electronic devices for vehicles that include display modules (e.g., in-vehicle mirror displays, central information displays (“CIDs”) installed on the dashboard, center console, or instrument panel of a vehicle).

[0645] Figure 6 This is a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of an electronic device 1 including a light-emitting device. As a device for displaying moving or still images, the electronic device 1 can be a portable electronic device (e.g., a mobile phone, smartphone, tablet PC (“PC”), mobile communication terminal, e-notebook computer, e-reader, portable multimedia player (“PMP”), navigation device, or ultra-mobile PC (“UMPC”)) and various products (e.g., television, laptop computer, monitor, billboard, or Internet of Things (“IoT”) device). The electronic device 1 can be one of these products or a part thereof. Additionally, the electronic device 1 can be a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, watch phone, glasses display, or head-mounted display (“HMD”)) or part of a wearable device. However, this disclosure is not limited thereto. In this embodiment, the electronic device 1 may be a central information display (“CID”) installed on the vehicle’s dashboard, center console, or instrument panel; an interior mirror display replacing the vehicle’s side mirrors; an entertainment display for the vehicle’s rear seats; a display installed on the back of the vehicle’s front seats; a head-up display (“HUD”) mounted on the front of the vehicle or projected onto the windshield; or a computer-generated holographic augmented reality head-up display (“CGH AR HUD”). For ease of explanation, Figure 6 The implementation method of electronic device 1 being a smartphone is explained.

[0646] Electronic device 1 may include a display area DA and a non-display area NDA outside the display area DA. The display device can implement an image by means of a two-dimensional array of multiple pixels arranged in the display area DA.

[0647] The non-display area NDA is the area that does not display images and can surround the entire display area DA. Within the non-display area NDA, drivers can be provided to supply electrical signals or power to display elements located in the display area DA. Within the non-display area NDA, pads that can be electrically connected to electronic components or printed circuit boards can be provided.

[0648] In electronic device 1, the length in the x-axis direction and the length in the y-axis direction may be different from each other. In an implementation, for example, as... Figure 6 As shown, the length in the x-axis direction may be shorter than the length in the y-axis direction. In an embodiment, the length in the x-axis direction may be the same as the length in the y-axis direction. In an embodiment, the length in the x-axis direction may be greater than the length in the y-axis direction.

[0649] Figure 7 The figure illustrates an embodiment of the exterior of a vehicle 1000, which includes electronic devices with light-emitting devices. Figures 8A to 8C Each of the above is a schematic diagram illustrating an embodiment of the interior of vehicle 1000.

[0650] refer to Figure 7 , Figure 8A , Figure 8B and Figure 8C Vehicle 1000 can refer to various devices used to move objects (such as people, objects, or animals) from a point of origin to a destination. Vehicle 1000 can include vehicles that travel on roads or tracks, vessels that move on seas or rivers, or aircraft that fly in the air using the action of air.

[0651] Vehicle 1000 can travel on roads or tracks. Vehicle 1000 can move in a predetermined direction based on the rotation of at least one wheel. In embodiments, vehicle 1000 may include three-wheeled or four-wheeled vehicles, construction machinery, two-wheeled vehicles, prime movers, bicycles, and trains traveling on tracks.

[0652] Vehicle 1000 may include a body having an interior and an exterior, and a chassis therein mounting other components besides the body of vehicle 1000 for driving desired mechanical equipment. The exterior of the vehicle 1000's body may include a front panel, hood, roof panel, rear panel, trunk, or pillars provided at the boundaries between doors. The chassis of vehicle 1000 may include a power generation unit, power transmission unit, drive unit, steering unit, braking unit, suspension unit, transmission unit, fuel system, front and rear wheels, or left and right wheels.

[0653] Vehicle 1000 may include side window glass 1100, front window glass 1200, side mirror 1300, instrument panel 1400, center console 1500, passenger seat instrument panel 1600 and display device 2.

[0654] The side window glass 1100 and the front window glass 1200 can be separated by a pillar disposed between the side window glass 1100 and the front window glass 1200.

[0655] Side window 1100 may be mounted on the side of vehicle 1000. In one embodiment, side window 1100 may be mounted on a door of vehicle 1000. Multiple side windows 1100 may be provided and may face each other. In one embodiment, side window 1100 may include a first side window 1110 and a second side window 1120. In one embodiment, the first side window 1110 may be positioned near (adjacent to) the instrument panel 1400. The second side window 1120 may be positioned near (adjacent to) the passenger seat dashboard 1600.

[0656] In one embodiment, the side window panes 1100 may be spaced apart from each other in the x-axis direction or in a direction opposite to the x-axis direction. In another embodiment, the first side window pane 1110 and the second side window pane 1120 may be spaced apart from each other in the x-axis direction or in a direction opposite to the x-axis direction. In other words, the imaginary straight line L connecting the side window panes 1100 may extend in the x-axis direction or in a direction opposite to the x-axis direction. In another embodiment, the imaginary straight line L connecting the first side window pane 1110 and the second side window pane 1120 may extend in the x-axis direction or in a direction opposite to the x-axis direction.

[0657] The front windshield 1200 can be installed at the front of the vehicle 1000. The front windshield 1200 can be positioned between the side windows 1100 facing each other.

[0658] The side mirror 1300 provides a rearward view of the vehicle 1000. The side mirror 1300 can be mounted on the exterior of the vehicle body. In some embodiments, multiple side mirrors 1300 may be provided. Any one of the multiple side mirrors 1300 may be located outside the first side window 1110. Another of the multiple side mirrors 1300 may be located outside the second side window 1120.

[0659] The instrument panel 1400 may be positioned in front of the steering wheel. The instrument panel 1400 may include a tachometer, speedometer, coolant temperature gauge, fuel gauge, turn signal indicator, relative high beam indicator, warning lights, seat belt warning lights, odometer, driving recorder, automatic gear selector indicator, door opening warning light, oil warning light and / or relative low fuel warning light.

[0660] The center console 1500 may include a control panel with multiple buttons for adjusting the audio system, air conditioning system, and seat heaters. The center console 1500 may be located on one side of the instrument panel 1400.

[0661] The passenger seat dashboard 1600 may be spaced apart from the instrument panel 1400, and the center console 1500 may be disposed between the instrument panel 1400 and the passenger seat dashboard 1600. In one embodiment, the instrument panel 1400 may be configured to correspond to a driver's seat (not shown), and the passenger seat dashboard 1600 may be configured to correspond to a passenger seat (not shown). In one embodiment, the instrument panel 1400 may be located near (adjacent to) a first side window 1110, and the passenger seat dashboard 1600 may be located near (adjacent to) a second side window 1120.

[0662] In one embodiment, the display device 2 may include a display panel 3, and the display panel 3 may display images. The display device 2 may be disposed inside the vehicle 1000. In another embodiment, the display device 2 may be disposed between side windows 1100 facing each other. The display device 2 may be disposed on at least one of the instrument panel 1400, the center console 1500, and the passenger seat instrument panel 1600.

[0663] Display device 2 may include organic light-emitting display devices, inorganic electroluminescent display devices, or quantum dot display devices, etc. Hereinafter, as the display device 2 in the embodiments, an organic light-emitting display device including a light-emitting device will be described, but various types of display devices as described above may be used in the embodiments.

[0664] refer to Figure 8A The display device 2 can be mounted on the center console 1500. In one embodiment, the display device 2 can display navigation information. In another embodiment, the display device 2 can display information about audio settings, video settings, or vehicle settings.

[0665] refer to Figure 8B The display device 2 can be installed on the instrument panel 1400. In this case, the instrument panel 1400 can display driving information, etc., through the display device 2. That is, the instrument panel 1400 can digitally display driving information, etc. The instrument panel 1400 can digitally display vehicle information and driving information as images. In this embodiment, the tachometer pointer and gauges, as well as various warning light icons, can be displayed using digital signals.

[0666] refer to Figure 8C The display device 2 may be mounted on the passenger seat dashboard 1600. The display device 2 may be embedded in or mounted on the passenger seat dashboard 1600. In one embodiment, the display device 2 mounted on the passenger seat dashboard 1600 may display images related to the information displayed on the instrument panel 1400 and / or the center console 1500. In another embodiment, the display device 2 mounted on the passenger seat dashboard 1600 may display information different from the information displayed on the instrument panel 1400 and / or the center console 1500.

[0667] The layers constituting the hole transport region, the emission layer, and the electron transport region can be formed in the predetermined regions by various methods (e.g., vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, Langmuir-Brookett (“LB”) deposition, inkjet printing, laser printing, or laser-induced thermal imaging).

[0668] When forming layers constituting hole transport regions, emission regions, and electron transport regions via vacuum deposition, the deposition temperature can range from about 100 degrees Celsius (°C) to about 500 degrees Celsius, depending on the materials to be included in the layers and the structure of the layers to be formed. -8 To about 10 -3 Deposition was carried out under a vacuum and at a deposition rate ranging from about 0.01 Å / sec to about 100 Å / sec.

[0669] As used in this article, the term "C3-C" 60 "Carbocyclic group" refers to a cyclic group consisting only of carbon atoms as cyclic atoms and having 3 to 60 carbon atoms, and as used herein, the term "C1-C" is used in conjunction with "C1-C". 60 A "heterocyclic group" refers to a cyclic group having 1 to 60 carbon atoms and further including heteroatoms as cyclic atoms in addition to carbon atoms. (C3-C) 60 Carbocyclic groups and C1-C 60 The heterocyclic group can be a monocyclic group consisting of a single ring or a polycyclic group in which two or more rings are fused together. In the embodiments, C1-C 60 The number of cyclic atoms in a heterocyclic group can range from 3 to 61.

[0670] As used herein, "cyclic group" may include C3-C 60 Carbocyclic groups and C1-C 60 Both heterocyclic groups.

[0671] As used in this article, the term "π-electron-rich C3-C" 60 "Cyclic group" refers to a cyclic group having 3 to 60 carbon atoms and excluding *-N=*' as a cyclic moiety, and as used herein, the term "π-electron-deficient nitrogen-containing C1-C" is used. 60 "Cyclic group" refers to a heterocyclic group having 1 to 60 carbon atoms and including *-N=*' as the cyclic moiety.

[0672] In the implementation,

[0673] C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group can be i) group T1 or ii) a fused-ring group in which two or more groups T1 are fused together (e.g., cyclopentadienyl, adamantyl, norbornel, phenyl, pentaenyl, naphthyl, azuleyl, indaryl, acenaphthel, phenanthyl, anthraceneyl, fluoranyl, triphenylene, pyrene, 1,2-benzophenantyl, peryl, penfenyl, heptaenyl, tetraphenyl, framyl, hexaphenyl, pentaphenyl, rubidyl, keratyl, ovoleyl, indole, fluorenyl, spirodifluorenyl, benzofluorenyl, indophenantyl, or indoanthrayl).

[0674] C1-C 60The heterocyclic group can be i) group T2, ii) a fused-ring group in which two or more groups T2 are fused together, or iii) a fused-ring group in which at least one group T2 and at least one group T1 are fused together (e.g., pyrrole, thiophene, furanyl, indole, benzoindole, naphthoindole, isoindole, benzoisoindole, naphthoisoindole, benzothiophene, benzofuranyl, carbazole, dibenzothiophene, dibenzothiophene, dibenzofuranyl, indocarbazole, indolecarbazole, benzofuranocarbazole, benzothiophenecarbazole, benzothiophenecarbazole, benzoindocarbazole, benzocarbazole, benzonaphthofuranyl, benzonaphthophene, benzonaphthothiophene, benzofuranodibenzofuranyl, benzo... Furanodibenzothiophene, benzothiophene, pyrazolyl, imidazole, triazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiazolyl, benzopyrazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzooxazolyl, benzoisooxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoisothiazolyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl Benzoquinolinyl, benzoisoquinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, benzoquinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, benzoquinazolinyl, phenanthrolinyl, cenolinyl, phthalazinyl, naphthidyl, imidazopyridyl, imidazopyrimidyl, imidazotriazinyl, imidazopyrazinyl, imidazopyridazinyl, azacarbazoyl, azafluorenyl, azadibenzothiophenyl, azadibenzofuranyl, etc.

[0675] C3-C rich in π electrons 60 The cyclic group may be i) group T1, ii) a fused ring group in which two or more groups T1 are fused together, iii) group T3, iv) a fused ring group in which two or more groups T3 are fused together, or v) a fused ring group in which at least one group T3 and at least one group T1 are fused together (e.g., C3-C). 60 Carbocyclic, 1H-pyrrole, thiorrole, borocyclopentadienyl, 2H-pyrrole, 3H-pyrrole, thiophene, furanyl, indole, benzoindole, naphthoindole, isoindole, benzoisoindole, naphthoisoindole, benzothiorrole, benzothiophene, benzofuranyl, carbazole, dibenzothiorrole, dibenzothiophene, dibenzofuranyl, indole-carbazole, indole-carbazole, benzofuran-carbazole, benzothiophene-carbazole, benzothiorrole-carbazole, benzoindole-carbazole, benzocarbazole, benzonaphthofuranyl, benzonaphthophene, benzonaphthorrole, benzofuran-dibenzofuranyl, benzofuran-dibenzothiophene or benzothiophene-dibenzothiophene, etc.

[0676] Nitrogen-containing C1-C lacking π electrons 60The cyclic group may be i) group T4, ii) a fused ring group in which two or more groups T4 are fused together, iii) a fused ring group in which at least one group T4 and at least one group T1 are fused together, iv) a fused ring group in which at least one group T4 and at least one group T3 are fused together, or v) a fused ring group in which at least one group T4, at least one group T1 and at least one group T3 are fused together (e.g., pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, benzopyrazole). The following groups are listed: benzo[i], benzimidazolyl, benzo[i]oxazolyl, benzo[i]isooxazolyl, benzo[i]thiazolyl, benzo[i]isothiazolyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzo[i]quinolinyl, benzo[i]isoquinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, benzo[i]quinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, benzo[i]quinazolinyl, phenanthrolinel, cenolinyl, phthalazinyl, naphthidyl, imidazo[i]pyridyl, imidazo[i]pyrimidyl, imidazo[i]triazinyl, imidazo[i]pyrazinyl, imidazo[i]pyridazinyl, imidazo[i]pyridazinyl, azacarbazolyl, azafluorenyl, azadibenzothiophene, or azadibenzofuranyl, etc.

[0677] Group T1 can be cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane, cyclooctane, cyclobutenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclopentadienyl, cyclohexenyl, cyclohexadienyl, cycloheptenyl, adamantyl, norbornyl (or bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane), norbornyl, bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane, bicyclo[2.1.1]hexane, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane, or phenyl.

[0678] The group T2 can be furanyl, thiopheneyl, 1H-pyrrolyl, thiopheneyl, borocyclopentadienyl, 2H-pyrrolyl, 3H-pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, azathiazolyl, azaboracyclopentadienyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl, tetraazinyl, pyrrolylalkyl, imidazolyl, dihydropyrrolyl, piperidinyl, tetrahydropyridinyl, dihydropyridinyl, hexahydropyrimidinyl, tetrahydropyrimidinyl, dihydropyrimidinyl, piperazinyl, tetrahydropyrazinyl, dihydropyrazinyl, tetrahydropyrazinyl, or dihydropyrazinyl.

[0679] Group T3 can be furanyl, thiophene, 1H-pyrrole, thiophene, or borocyclopentadienyl, and

[0680] The group T4 can be 2H-pyrrole, 3H-pyrrole, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiazolyl, azirthiolyl, aziboranecyclopentadienyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, or tetraazinyl.

[0681] As used herein, the terms "cyclic group", "C3-C" 60 "Carbocyclic group", "C1-C" 60 Heterocyclic groups, π-electron-rich C3-C 60 "Cyclic groups" or "nitrogen-containing C1-C groups lacking π electrons" 60 "Cyclic group" can refer to a group that is fused with any cyclic group, monovalent group, or polyvalent group (e.g., divalent group, trivalent group, tetravalent group, etc.) according to the structure of the formula using the corresponding term. In embodiments, "phenyl" can be benzo[a], phenyl, or phenylene, etc., which can be readily understood by those skilled in the art based on the structure of formulas including "phenyl".

[0682] In the implementation method, the unit price is C3-C. 60 Carbocyclic groups and monovalent C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups may include C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl, C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl, C6-C 60 Aryl, C1-C 60 Heteroaryl, monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group, or monovalent non-aromatic fused heterocyclic group, and divalent C3-C 60 Carbocyclic groups and divalent C1-C 60 Examples of heterocyclic groups may include C3-C 10 Cycloalkylene, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl, C3-C 10 Cycloalkylene, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl, C6-C 60 aryl, C1-C 60 Hypoaryl, divalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group or divalent non-aromatic fused heterocyclic group.

[0683] As used in this article, the term "C1-C" 60 "Alkyl" refers to a monovalent group of a straight-chain or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon having 1 to 60 carbon atoms, and examples include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, tert-pentyl, neopentyl, isopentyl, sec-pentyl, 3-pentyl, sec-isopentyl, n-hexyl, isohexyl, sec-hexyl, tert-hexyl, n-heptyl, isoheptyl, sec-heptyl, tert-heptyl, n-octyl, isooctyl, sec-octyl, tert-octyl, n-nonyl, isononyl, sec-nonyl, tert-nonyl, n-decyl, isodel, sec-decyl, and tert-decyl. As used herein, the term "C1-C" is used in conjunction with "C1-C". 60 "alkylene" refers to C1-C 60 Alkyl groups have the same structure as divalent groups.

[0684] As used in this article, the term "C2-C" 60 "Alkenyl" refers to the group formed at C2-C. 60 The alkyl group has at least one carbon-carbon double bond at its middle or end, and examples include vinyl, propenyl, and butenyl groups. As used herein, the term "C2-C" refers to a single-valent hydrocarbon group. 60 "Alkenyl" refers to C2-C 60 Alkenyl groups have the same structure as divalent groups.

[0685] As used in this article, the term "C2-C" 60 "Alkyne group" refers to the group at C2-C 60 The alkyl group has at least one monovalent hydrocarbon group with a carbon-carbon triple bond in the middle or at the end, and examples include ethynyl and propynyl. As used herein, the term "C2-C" refers to... 60 "Immyneyl" refers to C2-C 60 The structure of the alkynyl group has the same structure as the divalent group.

[0686] As used in this article, the term "C1-C" 60 "Alkoxy" refers to the compound formed by -OA 101 (where A) 101 For C1-C 60 Alkyl groups are monovalent groups, and examples of them include methoxy, ethoxy, and isopropoxy.

[0687] As used in this article, the term "C3-C" 10 "Cycloalkyl" refers to a monovalent saturated hydrocarbon cyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and examples may include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, adamantyl, norbornel (or bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl), bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl, bicyclo[2.1.1]hexyl, or bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl, etc. As used herein, the term "C3-C" refers to... 10 "Cycloalkylene" refers to C3-C 10 Cycloalkyl groups have the same structure of divalent groups.

[0688] As used in this article, the term "C1-C" 10 "Heterocyclic alkyl" refers to a monovalent cyclic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and further comprising at least one heteroatom as a cyclic atom in addition to the carbon atoms, and examples include 1,2,3,4-oxatriazolyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, and tetrahydrothiopheneyl. As used herein, the term "C1-C" is used in conjunction with "C1-C". 10 "Heterocyclic alkyl" refers to C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkyl groups have the same structure of divalent groups.

[0689] As used in this article, the term "C3-C" 10 "Cycloalkenyl" refers to a monovalent cyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms and at least one carbon-carbon double bond in its ring and being non-aromatic, and examples include cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, and cycloheptenyl. As used herein, the term "C3-C" is used in conjunction with "cycloalkenyl". 10 "Biopylene" refers to C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl groups have the same structure as divalent groups.

[0690] As used in this article, the term "C1-C" 10 "Heterocyclic alkenyl" refers to a monovalent cyclic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms in its ring, further comprising at least one heteroatom as a cyclic atom in addition to carbon atoms, and having at least one double bond. In embodiments, C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl groups may include 4,5-dihydro-1,2,3,4-oxatriazolyl, 2,3-dihydrofuranyl, or 2,3-dihydrothiophenyl. As used herein, the term "C1-C" refers to... 10 "Heterocyclic alkenyl" refers to C1-C 10 Heterocyclic alkenyl groups have the same structure of divalent groups.

[0691] As used in this article, the term "C6-C" 60 "Aryl" refers to a monovalent group in a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms, and as used herein, the term "C6-C" is used in conjunction with "aryl". 60 "Arylene" refers to a divalent group in a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms. In the embodiments, C6-C 60 Aryl groups may include phenyl, pentanenyl, naphthyl, azuleyl, indaryl, acenaphtheyl, phenanthyl, phenanthryl, anthraceneyl, fluoranthyl, triphenylene, pyrene, 1,2-benzophenanthryl, perylene, pentanenyl, heptanenyl, tetraphenyl, framyyl, hexaphenyl, pentaphenyl, rubiginyl, myristyl, or ovoxyphenyl. When C6-C 60 Aryl and C6-C 60 When each of the aryl groups comprises two or more rings, the two or more rings can fused together.

[0692] As used in this article, the term "C1-C" 60 "Heteroaryl" refers to a monovalent group having a heterocyclic aromatic system having 1 to 60 carbon atoms and further including at least one heteroatom as a cyclic atom in addition to carbon atoms. As used herein, the term "C1-C" is used in conjunction with "C1-C". 60 "Hypo-heteroaryl" refers to a divalent group having a heterocyclic aromatic system having 1 to 60 carbon atoms and further including at least one heteroatom as a cyclic atom in addition to carbon atoms. In embodiments, C1-C 60Heteroaryl groups may include pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, benzo[a]quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzo[a]isoquinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, benzo[a]quinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, benzo[a]quinazolinyl, cyclolinyl, phenanthrolinel, phthalazinyl, or naphthidyl. When C1-C 60 heteroaryl and C1-C 60 When each heteroaryl group comprises two or more rings, the two or more rings can fused together.

[0693] As used herein, the term "monovalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic group" refers to a monovalent group having two or more rings fused together, with only carbon atoms (e.g., 8 to 60 carbon atoms) as cyclic atoms, and which, when considered as a whole, has no aromaticity in its molecular structure. In embodiments, the monovalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic group may include indenyl, fluorenyl, spirodifluorenyl, benzo[a]fluorenyl, indeno[a]phenanthryl, or indeno[a]anthrayl. As used herein, the term "divalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic group" refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the monovalent nonaromatic fused polycyclic group.

[0694] As used herein, the term “monovalent nonaromatic fused heterocyclic group” refers to a monovalent group having two or more rings fused together, further including at least one heteroatom as a cyclic atom in addition to carbon atoms (e.g., 1 to 60 carbon atoms), and having no aromaticity in its molecular structure when considered as a whole. In embodiments, the monovalent non-aromatic fused heteropolycyclic group may include pyrrole, thiophene, furanyl, indole, benzoindole, naphthoindole, isoindole, benzoisoindole, naphthoisoindole, benzothiophene, benzofuranyl, carbazole, dibenzothiophene, dibenzothiophene, dibenzofuranyl, azacarbazole, azafluorenyl, azadibenzothiophene, azadibenzothiophene, azadibenzofuranyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl ... Azolyl, benzopyrazolyl, benzoimidazolyl, benzooxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzooxadiazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl, imidazopyridyl, imidazopyrimidinyl, imidazotriazinyl, imidazopyrazinyl, imidazopyridazinyl, indolecarbazolyl, indolocarbazolyl, benzofuranocarbazolyl, benzothiophenecarbazolyl, benzothiophenecarbazolyl, benzoindolocarbazolyl, benzocarbazolyl, benzonaphthiophene, benzonaphthiophene, benzofuranodibenzofurano, benzofuranodibenzothiophene, or benzothiophenedibenzothiophene. As used herein, the term "divalent nonaromatic fused heteropolycyclic group" refers to a divalent group having the same structure as a monovalent nonaromatic fused heteropolycyclic group.

[0695] As used in this article, the term "C6-C" 60"Aryloxy group" refers to the group consisting of -OA 102 (where A) 102 For C6-C 60 The aryl group is used to indicate a group, and as used herein, the term "C6-C" is used to refer to a group. 60 "Arylthio" refers to the group consisting of -SA 103 (where A) 103 For C6-C 60 (aryl) represents a group.

[0696] As used in this document, the term "C7-C" 60 "Aryl" refers to the group consisting of -A 104 A 105 (where A) 104 For C1-C 54 Alkylene, and A 105 For C6-C 59 The aryl group is used to indicate a group, and as used herein, the term "C2-C" is used to refer to a group. 60 "Heteroarylene" refers to compounds composed of -A 106 A 107 (where A) 106 For C1-C 59 Alkylene, and A 107 For C1-C 59 (Heteroaryl) group. The term "C1-C" refers to a group that... 60 "Heteroaryloxy" can be composed of -O(A 108 (where A) 108 Can be C1-C 60 (Heteroaryl) groups, and as used herein, the term "C1-C" 60 "Heteroary sulfhydryl" can be composed of -S(A 109 (where A) 109 Can be C1-C 60 (Heteroaryl) represents a group.

[0697] As used in this article, the term "C3-C" 60 "Carbocyclic group" includes C3-C 50 carbonyl group, C3-C 40 carbonyl group, C3-C 30 carbonyl group, C3-C 20 carbonyl group or C3-C 10 carbon cyclo group;

[0698] The term "C1-C" 60 "Heterocyclic groups" include C1-C 50 Heterocyclic groups, C1-C 40 Heterocyclic groups, C1-C 30 Heterocyclic groups, C1-C 20 Heterocyclic groups or C1-C 10Heterocyclic groups;

[0699] The term "C1-C" 60 "alkyl" includes C1-C 50 Alkyl, C1-C 40 Alkyl, C1-C 30 Alkyl, C1-C 20 Alkyl or C1-C 10 alkyl;

[0700] The term "C2-C" 60 "Alkenyl" includes C2-C 30 alkenyl, C2-C 20 alkenyl or C2-C 10 alkenyl;

[0701] The term "C2-C" 60 "Alkyne group" includes C2-C 30 alkynyl group, C2-C 20 Alkyne group or C2-C 10 alkynyl group;

[0702] The term "C1-C" 60 "Alkoxy" includes C1-C 30 Alkoxy, C1-C 20 Alkoxy or C1-C 10 Alkoxy;

[0703] The term "C6-C" 60 "Aryl" includes C6-C 50 Aryl, C6-C 40 Aryl, C6-C 30 Aryl, C6-C 20 Aryl or C6-C 15 Aryl;

[0704] The term "C1-C" 60 "Heteroary aryl" includes C1-C 50 heteroaryl, C1-C 40 heteroaryl, C1-C 30 heteroaryl, C1-C 20 heteroaryl or C1-C 10 Mixed aromatics;

[0705] The term "monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic group" includes C8-C 60 Monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic groups, C8-C 50 Monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic groups, C8-C 40 Monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic groups, C8-C 30 Monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic groups or C8-C 20 Monovalent non-aromatic fused polycyclic groups;

[0706] The term "monovalent non-aromatic fused heterocyclic group" includes C1-C 60 Monovalent non-aromatic fused heterocyclic groups, C1-C 50 Monovalent non-aromatic fused heterocyclic groups, C1-C 40 Monovalent non-aromatic fused heterocyclic groups, C1-C 30 Monovalent non-aromatic fused heterocyclic groups or C1-C 20 Monovalent non-aromatic fused heterocyclic groups;

[0707] The term "C6-C" 60 "Aryloxy groups" include C6-C 50 Aryloxy group, C6-C 40 Aryloxy group, C6-C 30 Aryloxy group, C6-C 20 aryloxy or C6-C 15 aryloxy;

[0708] The term "C6-C" 60 "Arylthio" includes C6-C 50 Arylthio, C6-C 40 Arylthio, C6-C 30 Arylthio, C6-C 20 Aryl thiols or C6-C 15 Arylthio;

[0709] The term "C1-C" 60 "Heteroaryloxyl" includes C1-C 50 Heteroaryloxy, C1-C 40 Heteroaryloxy, C1-C 30 Heteroaryloxy, C1-C 20 Heteroaryloxy or C1-C 15 heteroaryloxy groups;

[0710] The term "C1-C" 60 "Heteroary sulfhydryl" includes C1-C 50 heteroaryl thiols, C1-C 40 heteroaryl thiols, C1-C 30 heteroaryl thiols, C1-C 20 heteroaryl thiols or C1-C 15 heteroaryl thiols;

[0711] The term "C7-C" 60 "Aryl" includes C7-C 50 Aryl group, C7-C 40 Aryl group, C7-C 30 Aryl group, C7-C 20 Aryl or C7-C 15 Aryl alkyl groups; and

[0712] The term "C2-C" 60 "Heteroaryl" includes C2-C 50 Heteroalkyl, C2-C 40 Heteroalkyl, C2-C 30 Heteroalkyl, C2-C 20 Heteroaryl or C2-C 15 Heteroaryl alkyl groups.

[0713] As used in this document, the term "R" 10a "Can be:

[0714] Deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano or nitro;

[0715] Each of the unsubstituted or substituted C1-C 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl or C1-C 60 Alkoxy groups: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C3-C 60 Carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C1-C 60 Heteroaryloxy, C1-C 60 heteroaryl thiols, C7-C 60 Aryl alkyl, C2-C 60 Heteroaryl, -Si(Q) 11 (Q) 12 (Q) 13 -N(Q) 11 (Q) 12 -B(Q) 11 (Q) 12 -C(=O)(Q) 11 -S(=O)2(Q) 11 -P(=O)(Q) 11 (Q) 12 ) or any combination thereof;

[0716] Each of the unsubstituted or substituted C3-Cs as described below 60 Carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C1-C 60 Heteroaryloxy, C1-C 60 heteroaryl thiols, C7-C 60 Aryl or C2-C 60Heteroalkyl groups: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C1-C 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 Alkyne group, C1-C 60 Alkoxy, C3-C 60 Carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C1-C 60 Heteroaryloxy, C1-C 60 heteroaryl thiols, C7-C 60 Aryl alkyl, C2-C 60 Heteroaryl, -Si(Q) 21 (Q) 22 (Q) 23 -N(Q) 21 (Q) 22 -B(Q) 21 (Q) 22 -C(=O)(Q) 21 -S(=O)2(Q) 21 -P(=O)(Q) 21 (Q) 22 ) or any combination thereof; or

[0717] -Si(Q 31 (Q) 32 (Q) 33 -N(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -B(Q) 31 (Q) 32 -C(=O)(Q) 31 -S(=O)2(Q) 31 ) or -P(=O)(Q 31 (Q) 32 ).

[0718] As used in this article, Q1 to Q3, Q 11 To Q 13 Q 21 To Q 23 and Q 31 To Q 33 Each can be independently: hydrogen; deuterium; -F; -Cl; -Br; -I; hydroxyl; cyano; nitro; or each unsubstituted or replaced by deuterium, -F, cyano, C1-C. 60 Alkyl, C1-C 60 C1-C substituted with alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, or any combination thereof60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 Alkyne group, C1-C 60 Alkoxy, C1-C 60 Alkylthio, C3-C 60 Carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C7-C 60 Aryl or C2-C 60 Heteroaryl alkyl groups.

[0719] As used herein, the term "heteroatom" refers to any atom other than carbon and hydrogen atoms. In embodiments, heteroatoms may include O, S, N, P, Si, B, Ge, Se, or any combination thereof.

[0720] The term "transition metal" as used in this article includes hafnium (Hf), tantalum (Ta), tungsten (W), rhenium (Re), osmium (Os), iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), or gold (Au), etc.

[0721] As used herein, “Ph” refers to phenyl, “Me” refers to methyl, “Et” refers to ethyl, and “tert-Bu” or “Bu” refers to ethyl. t "Refers to tert-butyl, and as used herein, "OMe" refers to methyl methacrylate (MMA).

[0722] As used herein, the term "biphenyl" refers to a phenyl group that has been substituted with a phenyl group. In other words, "biphenyl" can be a phenyl group having a C6-C2 bond. 60 Aryl groups are substituted phenyl groups.

[0723] As used herein, the term "terphenyl" refers to "a phenyl group substituted with a biphenyl group." "Terphenyl" is a phenyl group having a C6-C substituted structure. 60 Aryl-substituted C6-C 60 Aryl groups are substituted phenyl groups.

[0724] Unless otherwise specified, as used herein, * and *' each refer to the bonding site of the adjacent atom in the corresponding formula or part.

[0725] As used herein, the terms "x-axis," "y-axis," and "z-axis" are not limited to the three axes in an orthogonal coordinate system and can be interpreted in a broader sense than the three axes in an orthogonal coordinate system described above. In implementations, for example, the x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis may describe axes that are orthogonal to each other, or they may describe axes in different directions that are not orthogonal to each other.

[0726] In this specification, "integers selected from 0 to 10" refers to integers selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10. The above description of numerical ranges also applies to any other numerical ranges appearing in this specification, such as integers selected from 0 and 1, integers selected from 0 to 2, integers selected from 0 to 3, integers selected from 0 to 4, integers selected from 0 to 5, integers selected from 0 to 6, integers selected from 0 to 7, integers selected from 0 to 8, and integers selected from 0 to 9, etc.

[0727] <Synthetic Implementation Method 1: Synthesis of Compound P1-1>

[0728]

[0729] In a round-bottom flask, 7-bromonaphtho[1,2-b]benzofuran (5.0 g, 16.8 mmol), di([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)amine (5.4 g, 16.8 mmol), Pd2(dba)3 (0.46 g, 0.50 mmol), P(t-Bu)3 (0.20 g, 1.01 mmol), NaOt-Bu (3.2 g, 33.7 mmol), and toluene (84 mL) were added, and the reaction was carried out at 60 °C. After the reaction was complete, the mixture was extracted with CH2Cl2 and water, and the resulting organic layer was dried over MgSO4 and concentrated. The concentrate was then separated by silica gel column chromatography and recrystallized to obtain 6.8 g of compound P1-1 (yield: 75%).

[0730] FD-MS value of compound P1-1: m / z = 537.21 (C 40 H 27 NO=537.66)

[0731] <Synthetic Implementation Method 2: Synthesis of Compound P1-8>

[0732]

[0733] In a round-bottom flask, 8-(4-bromophenyl)naphtho[1,2-b]benzofuran (5.0 g, 13.4 mmol), N-([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluorene-2-amine (4.8 g, 13.4 mmol), Pd2(dba)3 (0.37 g, 0.40 mmol), P(t-Bu)3 (0.16 g, 0.80 mmol), NaOt-Bu (2.6 g, 26.8 mmol), and toluene (67 mL) were added, and the same procedure as in the synthesis of compound P1-1 was performed to obtain 6.8 g of compound P1-8 (yield: 78%).

[0734] FD-MS value of compound P1-8: m / z = 653.27 (C 49 H 35 NO=653.83)

[0735] <Synthetic Implementation Method 3: Synthesis of Compound P1-12>

[0736]

[0737] In a round-bottom flask, 7-bromo-11,11-dimethyl-11H-benzo[a]fluorene (5.0 g, 15.5 mmol), di([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)amine (5.0 g, 15.5 mmol), Pd2(dba)3 (0.42 g, 0.46 mmol), P(t-Bu)3 (0.19 g, 0.93 mmol), NaOt-Bu (3.0 g, 30.9 mmol), and toluene (77 mL) were added, and the same procedure as in the synthesis of compound P1-1 was performed to obtain 6.5 g of compound P1-12 (yield: 74%).

[0738] FD-MS value of compound P1-12: m / z = 563.26 (C 43 H 33 N=563.74)

[0739] <Synthetic Implementation Method 4: Synthesis of Compound P1-22>

[0740]

[0741] In a round-bottom flask, 2-bromonaphtho[2,3-b]benzofuran (5.0 g, 16.8 mmol), N-([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)dibenzo[b,d]thiophene-3-amine (5.9 g, 16.8 mmol), Pd2(dba)3 (0.46 g, 0.50 mmol), P(t-Bu)3 (0.20 g, 1.01 mmol), NaOt-Bu (3.2 g, 33.7 mmol), and toluene (84 mL) were added, and the same procedure as in the synthesis of compound P1-1 was performed to obtain 7.5 g of compound P1-22 (yield: 79%).

[0742] FD-MS value of compound P1-22: m / z = 567.17 (C 40 H 25 NOS=567.71)

[0743] <Synthetic Implementation Method 5: Synthesis of Compound P1-24>

[0744]

[0745] In a round-bottom flask, 3-bromo-11,11-dimethyl-11H-benzo[b]fluorene (5.0 g, 15.5 mmol), N-([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluorene-2-amine (5.6 g, 15.5 mmol), Pd2(dba)3 (0.42 g, 0.46 mmol), P(t-Bu)3 (0.19 g, 0.93 mmol), NaOt-Bu (3.0 g, 30.9 mmol), and toluene (77 mL) were added, and the same procedure as in the synthesis of compound P1-1 was performed to obtain 7.2 g of compound P1-24 (yield: 77%).

[0746] FD-MS value of compound P1-24: m / z = 603.29 (C 46 H 37 N=603.81)

[0747] <Synthetic Implementation Method 6: Synthesis of Compound P1-56>

[0748]

[0749] In a round-bottom flask, 5-bromobenzo[b]naphtho[2,1-d]thiophene (5.0 g, 16.0 mmol), N-([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluorene-2-amine (5.8 g, 16.0 mmol), Pd2(dba)3 (0.44 g, 0.48 mmol), P(t-Bu)3 (0.19 g, 0.96 mmol), NaOt-Bu (3.1 g, 31.9 mmol), and toluene (80 mL) were added, and the same procedure as in the synthesis of compound P1-1 was performed to obtain 6.4 g of compound P1-56 (yield: 68%).

[0750] FD-MS value of compound P1-56: m / z = 593.22 (C 43 H 31 NS=593.79)

[0751] <Synthetic Implementation Method 7: Synthesis of Compound P1-90>

[0752]

[0753] In a round-bottom flask, 2-bromo-9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluorene (5.0 g, 18.3 mmol), 4-((3r,5r,7r)-adamantane-1-yl)-N-(4-(bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-yl)phenyl)aniline (6.7 g, 18.3 mmol), Pd2(dba)3 (0.50 g, 0.55 mmol), P(t-Bu)3 (0.22 g, 1.10 mmol), NaOt-Bu (3.5 g, 36.6 mmol), and toluene (92 mL) were added, and the same procedure as in the synthesis of compound P1-1 was performed to obtain 7.3 g of compound P1-90 (yield: 68%).

[0754] FD-MS value of compound P1-90: m / z = 589.37 (C 44 H 47 N=589.87)

[0755] <Synthetic Implementation Method 8: Synthesis of Compound P2-1>

[0756]

[0757] In a reaction vessel, 5.00 g of di([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)amine, 6.59 g of 4-bromo-5'-phenyl-1,1':2',1'-terphenyl, 50 mL of toluene, 1.79 g of NaOt-Bu, 0.13 g of P(t-Bu)3 (50 wt% toluene solution), and 0.07 g of palladium(II) acetate were added, and the mixture was stirred under reflux for 3 hours. 10 g each of silica gel and activated clay were added to the reaction solution, and the resulting mixture was stirred for 10 minutes and filtered through diatomaceous earth (Celite) at 80 °C. 180 mL of acetone was added to the concentrated filtrate, and the mixture was recrystallized to obtain a solid. The obtained solid was purified by column chromatography using a mixed solvent of n-heptane / dichloromethane. The concentrated solid was dissolved in 20 ml of dichloromethane, followed by the addition of 200 ml of n-heptane and recrystallization to obtain 5.4 g of compound P2-1 as a white solid (yield: 56%).

[0758] By detection 1 The structure of the obtained white solid was identified by measuring 35 hydrogen signals using H-NMR (DMSO-d6).

[0759] δ(ppm)=7.80-7.72(4H), 7.67-7.62(8H), 7.53-7.40(8H), 7.36-7.28(5H), 7.21-7.09(8H), 6.98(2H).

[0760] <Synthetic Implementation Method 9: Synthesis of Compound P2-2>

[0761]

[0762] In a reaction flask, 6.10 g of N-([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluorene-2-amine, 7.15 g of 4-bromo-5'-phenyl-1,1':2',1'-terphenyl, 61 mL of toluene, 1.95 g of NaOt-Bu, 0.14 g of P(t-Bu)3 (50 wt% toluene solution), and 0.08 g of palladium(II) acetate were added, and the mixture was stirred under reflux for 3 hours. 10 g each of silica gel and activated clay were added to the reaction solution, and the resulting mixture was stirred at 80 °C for 10 minutes and filtered through diatomaceous earth. 220 mL of acetone was added to the concentrated filtrate, and the mixture was crystallized to obtain a solid. The obtained solid was purified by column chromatography using a mixed solvent of n-heptane / dichloromethane. The concentrated solid was dissolved in 22 ml of dichloromethane, followed by the addition of 220 ml of n-heptane and recrystallization to obtain 2.2 g of compound P2-2 as a white solid (yield: 19%).

[0763] By detection 1 The structure of the obtained white solid was identified by measuring 39 hydrogen signals using H-NMR (DMSO-d6).

[0764] δ(ppm)=7.73-7.56(10H), 7.49-7.42(10H), 7.35-7.22(6H), 7.11-7.07(4H), 6.98-6.96(3H), 1.45(6H).

[0765] <Synthetic Implementation Method 10: Synthesis of Compound P2-3>

[0766]

[0767] In a reaction vessel, 9.00 g of N,N-bis[4-(naphthyl-1-yl)phenyl]amine, 9.87 g of 4-bromo-5'-phenyl-1,1':2',1'-terphenyl, 90 mL of toluene, 2.46 g of NaOt-Bu, 0.17 g of P(t-Bu)3 (50 wt% toluene solution), and 0.10 g of palladium(II) acetate were added, and the mixture was stirred under reflux for 3 hours. 15 g each of silica gel and activated clay were added to the reaction solution, and the resulting mixture was stirred at 80 °C for 10 minutes and filtered through diatomaceous earth. The filtrate was concentrated and purified by column chromatography using a mixed solvent of n-heptane / dichloromethane. The concentrated solid was dissolved in 30 mL of dichloromethane, followed by dropwise addition of 300 mL of methanol to obtain the solid. The obtained solid was purified as described above to obtain 13.0 g of compound P2-3 as a white solid (yield: 83.9%).

[0768] By detection 1 The structure of the obtained white solid was identified by measuring 39 hydrogen signals using H-NMR (DMSO-d6).

[0769] δ(ppm)=8.02-7.94(6H), 7.82-7.75(4H), 7.64-7.47(15H), 7.43-7.21(12H), 7.16-7.10(2H).

[0770] <Synthetic Implementation Method 11: Synthesis of Compound P2-4>

[0771]

[0772] In a reaction vessel, 10.00 g of N,N-bis[4-(naphthyl-2-yl)phenyl]amine, 10.97 g of 4-bromo-5'-phenyl-1,1':2',1'-terphenyl, 100 mL of toluene, 2.74 g of NaOt-Bu, 0.19 g of P(t-Bu)3 (50 wt% toluene solution), and 0.11 g of palladium(II) acetate were added, and the mixture was stirred under reflux for 3 hours. 17 g each of silica gel and activated clay were added to the reaction solution, and the resulting mixture was stirred at 80 °C for 10 minutes and filtered through diatomaceous earth. 340 mL of acetone was added to the concentrated filtrate, and the mixture was recrystallized to obtain a solid. The obtained solid was dissolved in 34 mL of toluene, followed by the addition of 340 mL of acetone and recrystallization to obtain 8.3 g of compound P2-4 as a white solid (yield: 48%).

[0773] By detection 1 The structure of the obtained white solid was identified by measuring 39 hydrogen signals using H-NMR (DMSO-d6).

[0774] δ(ppm)=8.21(2H), 8.01-7.92(6H), 7.88-7.74(10H), 7.57-7.48(7H), 7.43-7.30(4H), 7.28-7.17(8H), 7.03(2H).

[0775] <Synthetic Implementation Method 12: Synthesis of Compound P2-5>

[0776]

[0777] In a reaction vessel, 5.0 g of N-phenyl-phenanthrene-9-amine, 9.4 g of 4'''-bromo-4'-phenyl-[1,1':2',1'':4'',1'''-tetraphenyl], 50 mL of toluene, 2.1 g of NaOt-Bu, 0.15 g of P(t-Bu)3 (50 wt% toluene solution), and 0.08 g of palladium(II) acetate were added, and the mixture was stirred under reflux for one full day. The resulting solution was cooled to 80 °C and then filtered through diatomaceous earth to remove impurities. The filtrate was concentrated, and the residue was purified by column chromatography to obtain 3.8 g of compound P2-5 as a white solid (yield: 32%).

[0778] By detection 1 The structure of the obtained white solid was identified by measuring 35 hydrogen signals using H-NMR (DMSO-d6).

[0779] δ(ppm)=8.73-8.82(2H), 8.12-8.16(1H), 7.40-7.82(18H), 7.18-7.32(13H), 7.02-7.08(1H).

[0780] <Synthetic Implementation Method 13: Synthesis of Compound P2-11>

[0781]

[0782] In a reaction vessel, 6.0 g of N-(4-(naphthyl-1-yl)phenyl)-phenanthrene-2-amine, 7.3 g of 4'''-bromo-4'-phenyl-[1,1':2',1'':4'',1'''-tetraphenyl], 60 mL of toluene, 1.7 g of NaOt-Bu, 0.12 g of P(t-Bu)3 (50 wt% toluene solution), and 0.07 g of palladium(II) acetate were added, and the mixture was stirred under reflux for one full day. The resulting solution was cooled to 80 °C and then filtered through diatomaceous earth to remove impurities. The filtrate was concentrated, and the residue was purified by column chromatography to obtain 8.0 g of compound P2-11 as a yellow-white solid (yield: 68%).

[0783] By detection 1 The structure of the obtained white solid was identified by measuring 41 hydrogen signals using H-NMR (CDCl3).

[0784] δ(ppm)=8.62-8.67(2H), 8.11-8.16(1H), 7.88-7.99(3H), 7.27-7.79(35H).

[0785] <Synthetic Implementation Method 14: Synthesis of Compound P2-34>

[0786]

[0787] In a reaction vessel, 8.5 g of N-(4-(naphthyl-1-yl)phenyl)-5'-phenyl-[1,1':2',1''-terphenyl]-4-amine, 4.8 g of 9-bromophenanthroline, 85 ml of toluene, 2.3 g of NaOt-Bu, 0.3 g of P(t-Bu)3 (50 wt% toluene solution), and 0.1 g of palladium(II) acetate were added, and the mixture was stirred under reflux for 3 hours. The resulting solution was filtered through diatomaceous earth at 80 °C. Activated clay and silica gel were each added to the filtrate at 15 g, and the filtrate was then purified by adsorption. The filtrate was concentrated, and the residue was crystallized with acetone to obtain 8.3 g of compound P2-34 as a white solid (yield: 73%).

[0788] By detection 1 The structure of the obtained white solid was identified by measuring 37 hydrogen signals using H-NMR (DMSO-d6).

[0789] δ(ppm)=8.75-8.84(2H), 8.16-8.20(1H), 8.05-8.09(1H), 7.91-7.95(3H), 7.12-7.78(30H).

[0790] <Synthetic Implementation Method 15: Synthesis of Compound P2-35>

[0791]

[0792] In a reaction vessel, 8.0 g of N-(4-(naphthyl-2-yl)phenyl)-5'-phenyl-[1,1':2',1''-terphenyl]-4-amine, 4.5 g of 9-bromophenanthroline, 80 ml of toluene, 2.2 g of NaOt-Bu, 0.2 g of P(t-Bu)3 (50 wt% toluene solution), and 0.1 g of palladium(II) acetate were added, and the mixture was stirred under reflux for 3 hours. The resulting solution was filtered through diatomaceous earth at 80 °C. Activated clay and silica gel were each added to the filtrate at 15 g, and then purified by adsorption. The filtrate was concentrated, and the residue was crystallized from toluene-acetone to obtain 6.6 g of compound P2-35 as a white solid (yield: 62%).

[0793] By detection 1 The structure of the obtained white solid was identified by measuring 37 hydrogen signals using H-NMR (DMSO-d6).

[0794] δ(ppm)=8.74-8.83(2H), 8.12-8.17(1H), 8.30(1H), 7.21-7.94(29H), 7.08-7.14(4H).

[0795] <Synthetic Method 16: Synthesis of Compound P2-45>

[0796]

[0797] In a reaction vessel, 6.0 g of 4-(naphthyl-2-yl)-N-phenylaniline, 10.3 g of 4'''-bromo-4'-phenyl-[1,1':2',1'':4'',1'''-tetraphenyl], 100 mL of toluene, 2.3 g of NaOt-Bu, 0.2 g of P(t-Bu)3 (50 wt% toluene solution), and 0.1 g of palladium(II) acetate were added, and the mixture was stirred overnight under reflux. The resulting mixture was cooled and filtered, and the filtrate was then concentrated to obtain a crude product. The obtained crude product was purified by column chromatography to obtain 7.1 g of compound P2-45 as a white solid (yield: 51.7%).

[0798] By detection 1 The structure of the obtained white solid was identified by measuring 37 hydrogen signals using H-NMR (CDCl3).

[0799] δ(ppm)=8.04(1H), 7.91(3H), 7.73(5H), 7.56(2H), 7.51(7H), 7.42(1H), 7.39-7.18(16H), 7.10(1H).

[0800] <Synthetic Implementation Method 17: Synthesis of Compound P2-47>

[0801]

[0802] In a reaction vessel, 4.5 g of 9,9-dimethyl-N-phenyl-9H-fluorene-2-amine, 7.6 g of 4'''-bromo-4'-phenyl-[1,1':2',1'':4'',1'''-tetraphenyl], 45 mL of toluene, 1.8 g of NaOt-Bu, 0.13 g of P(t-Bu)3 (50 wt% toluene solution), and 0.07 g of palladium(II) acetate were added, and the mixture was stirred under reflux for one full day. The resulting mixture was cooled to room temperature, washed with water, and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The anhydrous magnesium sulfate was removed by filtration, and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified by column chromatography to obtain 6.5 g of compound P2-47 as a white solid (yield: 62%).

[0803] By detection 1 The structure of the obtained white solid was identified by measuring 39 hydrogen signals using H-NMR (DMSO-d6).

[0804] δ(ppm)=7.51-7.80(13H), 7.22-7.48(18H), 7.08-7.16(2H), 7.50(6H).

[0805] <Synthetic Method 18: Synthesis of Compound P2-48>

[0806]

[0807] In a reaction vessel, 5.1 g of N-(4-(naphthyl-2-yl)phenyl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-amine, 6.7 g of 4'''-bromo-4'-phenyl-[1,1':2',1'':4'',1'''-tetraphenyl], 51 ml of toluene, 1.6 g of NaOt-Bu, 0.11 g of P(t-Bu)3 (50 wt% toluene solution), and 0.06 g of palladium(II) acetate were added, and the mixture was stirred under reflux for one full day. The resulting solution was cooled to room temperature and then filtered through diatomaceous earth to remove impurities. Activated carbon was added to the filtrate, and the filtrate was purified by adsorption. The filtrate was concentrated, and the residue was crystallized from toluene-acetone to obtain 7.6 g of compound P2-48 as a white solid (yield: 74%).

[0808] By detection 1 The structure of the obtained white solid was identified by measuring 41 hydrogen signals using H-NMR (DMSO-d6).

[0809] δ(ppm)=8.11(1H), 7.91-7.98(3H), 7.65-7.83(9H), 7.28-7.62(28H)

[0810] <Evaluation of Implementation Method 1: Evaluation of Hole Mobility of the First Compound>

[0811] The hole mobility of the first compound synthesized according to the above synthesis embodiments can be confirmed by using a hole-only device (HOD), and the HOD can be confirmed by the device configuration described below.

[0812] A hole injection layer is formed by vacuum depositing HAT-CN to a thickness of 5 nm on an ITO layer (anode) formed on a glass substrate, a first compound is formed to a thickness of 300 nm on the hole injection layer to form a hole transport layer, HAT-CN is formed to a thickness of 1 nm on the hole transport layer to form a hole blocking layer, and Al is formed to a thickness of 100 nm on the hole blocking layer to form a cathode.

[0813] An IVL measuring device can be used to measure the current density-voltage (JV) curve of a device such as the HOD manufactured as described above. Here, hole mobility can be determined based on the space charge confinement current (SCLC) region on the JV curve. The SCLC region refers to the interval where primary emission begins and where charge is trapped in a space charge state.

[0814] Hole mobility (μ) can be calculated using Child's law and the Poole-Frenkel emission equations. Equation 1 is Child's law, and Equation 2 is the Poole-Frenkel emission equation:

[0815] <Equation 1>

[0816] ,

[0817] J: Current density (A / cm²) 2 )

[0818] ε: Dielectric constant of organic materials (2.655 × 10⁻⁶) -13 A•s / V•cm)

[0819] d: Film thickness (cm)

[0820] V: Applied voltage (V)

[0821] Equation 2

[0822] ,

[0823] E: Electric field (V / cm)

[0824] μ0: Hole mobility at zero field (cm) 2 / V•s)

[0825] β: Purle-Frenkel constant

[0826] Equations 1 and 2 can be combined and summarized as shown in Equation 3:

[0827] Equation 3

[0828] .

[0829] Here, β and μ0 vary depending on the material and configuration of the device, and can therefore be calculated by referring to the JV curve. Thus, by incorporating the calculated β and μ0 into Equation 2, the hole mobility (μ), i.e., μ(E) in Equation 2, can be calculated. Here, the range of hole mobility in the SCLC region can be calculated, or the hole mobility (μ0) at zero electric field (i.e., when E=0) can be calculated to determine the hole mobility of the material. In the specification, the hole mobility of the compound refers to the hole mobility at zero electric field.

[0830]

[0831]

[0832]

[0833]

[0834] <Evaluation of Implementation Method 2: Evaluation of the Energy Level Characteristics of the Second Compound>

[0835] The HOMO, LUMO and T1 levels of the second compound synthesized according to the above synthesis embodiments were measured using the DFT method of the Gaussian procedure (B3LYP / 6-31g(D)), and the results are shown in Table 2.

[0836]

[0837]

[0838]

[0839]

[0840]

[0841]

[0842] <Implementation Method 1: Manufacturing of the Red Light-Emitting Device>

[0843] 2-TNATA was vacuum deposited on an ITO layer (anode) formed on a glass substrate to form a hole injection layer with a thickness of 70 nm, and NPB was vacuum deposited on the hole injection layer to form a hole transport layer with a thickness of 70 nm. Compound P1-1 was vacuum deposited on the hole transport layer to form a first emission assist layer with a thickness of 70 nm, and compound P2-3 was vacuum deposited on the first emission assist layer to form a second emission assist layer with a thickness of 5 nm.

[0844] Next, CBP as the host material and PD9 as the dopant material are used in a weight ratio of 95:5 and applied to the second emission auxiliary layer to form an emission layer with a thickness of 40 nm.

[0845] Next, BAlq is vacuum deposited on the emitter layer to form a hole-blocking layer with a thickness of 5 nm, and BeBq2 is vacuum deposited on the hole-blocking layer to form an electron transport layer with a thickness of 30 nm. Then, LiF is deposited on the electron transport layer to form an electron injection layer with a thickness of 0.2 nm, and Al is deposited on the electron injection layer to a thickness of 150 nm, thereby forming the cathode. Thus, the fabrication of the light-emitting device is completed.

[0846]

[0847] <Implementation methods 2 to 41 and comparative examples 19 and 20>

[0848] The light-emitting device is manufactured in substantially the same manner as in Embodiment 1, except that the first and second emission auxiliary layers are formed using the compounds listed in Table 3.

[0849] <Comparative Examples 1 to 18>

[0850] The light-emitting device is manufactured in substantially the same manner as in Embodiment 1, except that the compounds listed in Table 3 are used alone to form a single emission-assist layer.

[0851] <Evaluation of Implementation Method 3: Evaluation of the Characteristics of the Light-Emitting Device>

[0852] For the light-emitting devices manufactured in Embodiments 1 to 41, and Comparative Examples 1 and 20, electroluminescence (“EL”) characteristics were measured by applying a forward bias DC voltage and using a Photoresearch PR-650, and lifetime measurement devices were used at 2500 candela per square meter (cd / m²). 2 Lifetime (T) measured at reference brightness 95 Lifetime (T) 95 The luminance is a measure of the time (hr) taken for the luminance to reach 95% of the initial luminance. The measurement results are shown in Table 3. In Table 3, EAL1 and EAL2 represent the first emission auxiliary layer and the second emission auxiliary layer, respectively; CE1 to CE20 represent Comparative Examples 1 to 20, respectively; E1 to E41 represent Embodiments 1 to 41, respectively; DV represents the driving voltage; CD represents the current density; LM represents the luminance; LME represents the luminous efficiency; and LS represents the lifetime.

[0853]

[0854]

[0855]

[0856] Referring to Table 3, it was confirmed that, compared with the light-emitting devices of Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 20, the light-emitting devices of Embodiments 1 to 41 exhibited the same or longer lifespan characteristics, as well as relatively low driving voltage and relatively high luminous efficiency characteristics.

[0857] According to the embodiments, by including multiple emission auxiliary layers, a light-emitting device with relatively low driving voltage, relatively high luminous efficiency, and long lifespan can be manufactured. Accordingly, high-quality electronic devices and high-quality electronic equipment can be manufactured using the light-emitting device.

[0858] It should be understood that the embodiments described herein are to be considered in a descriptive sense only and are not intended for limiting purposes. The description of features or advantages in each embodiment should generally be regarded as other similar features or advantages that may be applicable to other embodiments. Although embodiments have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A light-emitting device, comprising: First electrode; The second electrode facing the first electrode; as well as A sandwich layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and including an emission layer, the sandwich layer comprising: The first compound represented by Formula 1 and the second compound represented by Formula 2: Formula 1 Formula 2 Formula 2A ， Among them, in Equations 1, 2 and 2A, CY1 is C3-C 60 Carbocyclic or C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, X1 can be O, S, C(R4)(R5), Si(R4)(R5), N(R4), or P(R4). Ar2, Ar3, Ar 91 and Ar 92 Each independently is either unsubstituted or by at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, Ar6 to Ar8 are each independently a group represented by formula 2A, unsubstituted or modified by at least one R. 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, provided that at least one of Ar6 to Ar8 is the group represented by formula 2A. L1 to L3 and L6 to L9 are each independently unsubstituted or replaced by at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, a1 to a3 and a6 to a8 are each independent integers selected from 0 to 3. When a1 is 0, *-(L1) a1 -*' represents a single bond; when a2 is 0, *-(L2) a2 -*' represents a single bond; when a3 is 0, *-(L3) a3 -*' represents a single bond; when a6 is 0, *-(L6) a6 -*' represents a single bond; when a7 is 0, *-(L7) a7 -*' represents a single bond, and when a8 is 0, *-(L8) a8 -*' represents a single key. The L1 values ​​of quantity a1 are either the same or different from each other; the L2 values ​​of quantity a2 are either the same or different from each other; the L3 values ​​of quantity a3 are either the same or different from each other; the L6 values ​​of quantity a6 are either the same or different from each other; the L7 values ​​of quantity a7 are either the same or different from each other; and the L8 values ​​of quantity a8 are either the same or different from each other. R1, R4, R5, and R9 are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, unsubstituted, or substituted with at least one R. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 60 alkenyl, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 60 Alkyne group, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Alkyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 Carbocyclic, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C6-C 60 aryloxy, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Replacement C6-C 60 Aryl thiols, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C7-C 60 Aryl, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Replacement C2-C 60 Heteroaryl groups, -C(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), -Si(Q1)(Q2)(Q3), -N(Q1)(Q2), -B(Q1)(Q2), -C(=O)(Q1), -S(=O)2(Q1), or -P(=O)(Q1)(Q2), n1 is an integer selected from 0 to 10. n9 is an integer selected from 0 to 3. R1s of quantity n1 are either identical or different from each other, and R9s of quantity n9 are either identical or different from each other. Two or more of R1 in quantity n1 are optionally bonded to each other to form an unsubstituted or bonded compound by at least one R1. 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, R4 and R5 are optionally bonded to each other to form an unsubstituted or bonded compound with at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, Two or more of the n9 R9s are optionally bonded to each other to form an unsubstituted or bonded R9. 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, R 10a for: Deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano or nitro; Each of the unsubstituted or substituted C1-C 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 Alkyne group or C1-C 60 Alkoxy groups: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C3-C 60 carbonyl group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C1-C 60 Heteroaryloxy, C1-C 60 heteroaryl thiols, C7-C 60 Aryl alkyl, C2-C 60 heteroaryl, -Si(Q) 11 (Q) 12 (Q) 13 -N(Q) 11 (Q) 12 -B(Q) 11 (Q) 12 -C(=O)(Q) 11 -S(=O)2(Q) 11 -P(=O)(Q) 11 (Q) 12 ) or any combination thereof; Each of the unsubstituted or substituted C3-Cs as described below 60 carbonyl group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C1-C 60 Heteroaryloxy, C1-C 60 heteroaryl thiols, C7-C 60 Aryl or C2-C 60 Heteroalkyl groups: deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C1-C 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl group, C1-C 60 Alkoxy, C3-C 60 carbonyl group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C1-C 60 Heteroaryloxy, C1-C 60 heteroaryl thiols, C7-C 60 Aryl alkyl, C2-C 60 heteroaryl, -Si(Q) 21 (Q) 22 (Q) 23 -N(Q) 21 (Q) 22 -B(Q) 21 (Q) 22 -C(=O)(Q) 21 -S(=O)2(Q) 21 -P(=O)(Q) 21 (Q) 22 ) or any combination thereof; or -Si(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 ), -N(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), -B(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), -C(=O)(Q 31 ), -S(=O)2(Q 31 ), or -P(=O)(Q 31 )(Q 32 ), Q1 to Q3, Q 11 To Q 13 Q 21 To Q 23 and Q 31 To Q 33 Each of the following is independently: hydrogen; deuterium; -F; -Cl; -Br; -I; hydroxyl; cyano; nitro; or each of the following unsubstituted or substituted groups: deuterium, -F, cyano, C1-C. 60 Alkyl, C1-C 60 C1-C substituted with alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, or any combination thereof 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 alkenyl, C2-C 60 alkynyl group, C1-C 60 Alkoxy, C1-C 60 Alkylthio, C3-C 60 carbonyl group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy group, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C7-C 60 Aryl or C2-C 60 Heteroaryl groups, and * and *' each indicate the bonding site with the adjacent atom.

2. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein... The first electrode is the anode. The second electrode is the cathode. The interlayer further includes a hole transport region disposed between the first electrode and the emitter layer, and The hole transport region includes the first compound and the second compound.

3. The light-emitting device according to claim 2, wherein... The hole transport region includes: Hole transport layer; and a plurality of emission auxiliary layers formed between the hole transport layer and the emission layer, The plurality of transmission auxiliary layers include a first transmission auxiliary layer near the hole transport layer and a second transmission auxiliary layer near the transmission layer. The first emission assist layer includes the first compound, and The second emission assist layer comprises the second compound.

4. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the emitting layer emits red light.

5. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the first compound has a density of 5.1 × 10⁻⁶. -5 5.1 × 10⁻⁶ square centimeters per volt-second to 5.1 × 10⁻⁶ -3 Hole mobility within a range of square centimeters per volt-second.

6. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the second compound has a T1 energy level in the range of 2.0 electron volts to 3.0 electron volts.

7. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the first compound satisfies one of conditions 1 to 3: Condition 1 At least two of R1 in quantity n1 are bonded to each other to form an unsubstituted or bonded compound by at least one R1. 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic groups; Condition 2 At least one of the n1 R1s is not hydrogen; and Condition 3 X1 is C(R4)(R5) or Si(R4)(R5), and At least one of Ar2 and Ar3 is unsubstituted or substituted by at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 60 Cycloalkyl.

8. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the first compound is represented by formula 1-1: Formula 1-1 ， in, In Equation 1-1, X1, Ar2, Ar3, L1 to L3, a1 to a3, R1 and n1 are as defined in claim 1.

9. The light-emitting device according to claim 8, wherein at least two of the n1 R1s in formula 1-1 are bonded to each other to form an unsubstituted or at least one R1 10a Replacement C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group is either unsubstituted or has at least one R group. 10a Replacement C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group.

10. The light-emitting device according to claim 8, wherein the first compound is represented by one of formulas 1-11A to 1-11F, 1-12A to 1-12E, 1-13A to 1-13E, and 1-14A to 1-14F: Formula 1-11A Formula 1-11B Formula 1-11C Formula 1-11D Formula 1-11E Formula 1-11F Formula 1-12A Formula 1-12B Formula 1-12C Formula 1-12D Formula 1-12E Formula 1-13A Formula 1-13B Formula 1-13C Formula 1-13D Formula 1-13E Formula 1-14A Formula 1-14B Formula 1-14C Formula 1-14D Formula 1-14E Formula 1-14F ， in, In Equations 1-11A to 1-11F, Equations 1-12A to 1-12E, Equations 1-13A to 1-13E, and Equations 1-14A to 1-14F, X1, Ar2, Ar3, L1 to L3 and a1 to a3 as defined in claim 1, R 11 To R 18 Each as defined with reference to R1 in claim 1, Z 11 To Z 15 Z 21 To Z 24 Z 31 To Z 34 and Z 41 To Z 45 Each as referred to in claim 1, R 10a Limited, and m4 is an integer selected from 0 to 4.

11. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the first compound is represented by one of formulas 1-31 to 1-34: Formula 1-31 Formula 1-32 Formula 1-33 Formula 1-34 ， in, In equations 1-31 to 1-34 CY1, Ar2, Ar3, L1 to L3, a1 to a3, R1, R4, R5, and n1 as defined in claim 1, provided that at least one of Ar2 and Ar3 is unsubstituted or is substituted by at least one R 10a Replacement C3-C 30 Cycloalkyl.

12. The light-emitting device according to claim 11, wherein, In equations 1-31 to 1-34 At least one of Ar2 and Ar3 is a group represented by one of the formulas Ar-1 to Ar-7: ， Among them, in formulas Ar-1 to Ar-7, Z Ar As referenced in claim 1, R 10a Limited, t11 is an integer selected from 0 to 11. t13 is an integer selected from 0 to 13. t15 is an integer selected from 0 to 15, and * Indicates the bonding site with adjacent atoms.

13. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the first compound is selected from compounds P1-1 to P1-92: 。 14. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein, In Formulas 2 and 2A, L6 to L9 are each independently a group represented by one of Formulas L-1 to L-13: ， Among them, in equations L-1 to L-13, Y 21 For O or S, X 21 To X 28 Each is independently N or C(Z) L ), Z L As referenced in claim 1, R 10a Limited, and * and *' each indicate the bonding site with the adjacent atom.

15. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein, In Equation 2A, Ar 91 and Ar 92 Each independently is either unsubstituted or by at least one R 10a Substituted phenyl, unsubstituted, or substituted with at least one R 10a Substituted naphthyl, unsubstituted, or with at least one R 10a Substituted anthracene, unsubstituted or with at least one R 10a Substituted phenotype or unsubstituted phenotype or phenotype by at least one R 10a Replaced fluorene.

16. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the group represented by formula 2A is represented by one of formulas 2A-1 to 2A-3: Formula 2A-1 Formula 2A-2 Formula 2A-3 ， in, In equations 2A-1 to 2A-3, Ar 91 Ar 92 L9 and L9 are as defined in claim 1, R 91 To R 94 Each as defined with reference to R9 in claim 1, and * Indicates the bonding site with adjacent atoms.

17. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the second compound is selected from compounds P2-1 to P2-51: 。 18. An electronic device comprising a light-emitting device according to any one of claims 1 to 17.

19. An electronic device comprising a light-emitting device according to any one of claims 1 to 17.

20. The electronic device according to claim 19, further comprising at least one of the following: processor; Memory; and Power module.

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