Recycling of automotive shredder residue from selected vehicle types

Abstract

This disclosure relates to a method for recycling automotive shredded waste, the method comprising the steps of: collecting vehicles of various vehicle types at a collection site; identifying selected vehicles of a selected vehicle type, wherein the vehicles include polymer vehicle parts; and crushing a shredded feed containing at least 50 wt% of the selected vehicles to produce automotive shredded waste comprising a mixture of plastic fragments. The invention also relates to a method for recycling automotive shredded waste, the method comprising step e) of recycling automotive shredded waste at a recycling location, wherein the automotive shredded waste is obtained by: collecting vehicles of various vehicle types at a collection site; identifying selected vehicles of a selected vehicle type, wherein the vehicles include polymer vehicle parts; and crushing a shredded feed containing at least 50 wt% of the selected vehicles to produce automotive shredded waste comprising a mixture of plastic fragments; and optionally transporting the automotive shredded waste to the recycling location without mixing it with external shredded waste. The invention further relates to automotive shredded waste comprising at least 50 wt% crushed polymer vehicle parts of a selected vehicle type.

Description

[0001] This invention relates to a method for recycling automotive shredded waste, the method comprising the steps of: collecting vehicles of various vehicle types at a collection site; identifying selected vehicles of a selected vehicle type, wherein the vehicles include polymer vehicle parts; and crushing a shredded feed containing at least 50 wt% of the selected vehicles to produce automotive shredded waste comprising a mixture of plastic fragments. The invention also relates to a method for recycling automotive shredded waste, the method comprising step e) of recycling automotive shredded waste at a recycling location, wherein the automotive shredded waste is obtained by: collecting vehicles of various vehicle types at a collection site; identifying selected vehicles of a selected vehicle type, wherein the vehicles include polymer vehicle parts; and crushing a shredded feed containing at least 50 wt% of the selected vehicles to produce automotive shredded waste comprising a mixture of plastic fragments; and optionally transporting the automotive shredded waste to the recycling location without mixing it with external shredded waste. The invention further relates to automotive shredded waste comprising at least 50 wt% crushed polymer vehicle parts of a selected vehicle type.

[0002] The recycling of automotive waste residue (ASR) faces several challenges that hinder its efficient and effective recycling. ASR is typically a complex mixture of materials, including metals, plastics, rubber, glass, and various organic and inorganic compounds. This diverse composition makes it difficult to separate and recycle the individual components, resulting in suboptimal recycling rates. Without proper separation, valuable resources remain trapped within the ASR, limiting its recycling potential. Addressing these issues is crucial to improving the recycling of ASR and maximizing its potential as a valuable resource. Developing effective methods and systems that can efficiently separate and recycle the multiple components of ASR while safely managing and disposing of hazardous materials plays a vital role in promoting sustainability and the circular economy.

[0003] Cost is a critical factor in the recycling of ASR (Automatic Sharpening) mills. For example, when the composition of the crushing feed varies significantly, process parameters (such as the shaft spacing of a multi-shaft rotary crusher or the type of cutting disc) cannot be optimized or preset to optimal process conditions, potentially leading to increased operating and energy costs. Another issue is cleaning the crusher between different quality crushing inputs. For instance, a single-shaft hammer mill typically has a large amount of residual debris after completing a specific crushing feed, and cleaning the hammer mill is time-consuming.

[0004] Similarly, when the composition of the ASR composition varies significantly, the process parameters for recycling cannot be optimized or preset to the optimal process conditions for ASR. Furthermore, the quality of the product obtained after recycling will change, resulting in uneven product quality.

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the aforementioned problems.

[0006] EP 0692356 recommends recycling automotive debris by preparing composite materials containing ASR and virgin polymers.

[0007] Vijayan, SK; Kibria, MA; Uddin, MH; Bhattacharya, S. “Pretreatment of Automotive Shredder Residues, Their Chemical Characterization, and Pyrolysis Kinetics.” Sustainability 2021, 13, 10549. The study recommends recycling automotive shredder residues through pyrolysis.

[0008] Ezzat El Halabi, Mike Third, and Matthew Doolan, “Machine-based disismantling of end-of-life vehicles: A life cycle perspective,” Procedia, 29 (2015) 651-655, recommend recycling automotive shredder residues through machine-based dismantling.

[0009] Juliana Argente Caetano, Valdir Schalch, Javier Mazariegos Pablos, “Characterization and recycling of the fine fraction of automotive shredder residue (ASR) for concrete paving blocks production”, Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy (2020) 22:835-847, recommends recycling ASR by solidifying it with cement, gravel, and sand used in paving block production.

[0010] Won-Seok Yang et al., “Utilization of automobile shredder residue (ASR) as a reducing agent for the recovery of black copper”, Korean J. Chem. Eng., 33(4), 1267-1277 (2016), suggested recycling ASR by using it instead of lump coal as a reducing agent in copper production.

[0011] These objectives are achieved through a method for recycling automotive waste, which includes the following steps:

[0012] a) Collect vehicles of various vehicle types at the collection site;

[0013] b) Identify the selected vehicle of the selected vehicle type, wherein the vehicle includes polymer vehicle parts; and

[0014] c) Crushing the selected vehicle's feedstock containing at least 50 wt% to produce automotive shredder residue containing a mixture of plastic fragments.

[0015] This objective is also achieved by a method for recycling automotive debris, the method comprising step e) of recycling automotive debris at a recycling location, wherein the automotive debris is obtained by:

[0016] a) Collect vehicles of various vehicle types at the collection site;

[0017] b) Identify the selected vehicle of the selected vehicle type, wherein the vehicle includes polymer vehicle parts; and

[0018] c) Crushing a crushed feed containing at least 50 wt% of the selected vehicle to produce automotive crushing residue comprising a mixture of plastic fragments; and optionally...

[0019] d) Transport automotive shredder residue to recycling locations without mixing it with external shredder residue.

[0020] This objective is also achieved by automotive debris containing at least 50 wt% of crushed polymer vehicle parts of the selected vehicle type.

[0021] Step a) includes collecting vehicles of various vehicle types at the collection site.

[0022] The vehicle is typically an end-of-life vehicle (also known as an "ELV"), typically at least 15 years old. The vehicle can be a passenger car, light or heavy-duty truck, motorcycle, multi-purpose vehicle, agricultural vehicle, or recreational vehicle. The vehicle can be an electric vehicle, such as a pure electric vehicle or a hybrid electric vehicle.

[0023] Suitable vehicle types can be

[0024] - Vehicle brands (e.g., Toyota, BMW, Volkswagen, Tesla, Porsche, Mazda, BYD, Mercedes-Benz, Mitsubishi).

[0025] - Multiple vehicle brands owned by the same automaker (e.g., Porsche, SEAT, Skoda, and Audi, which are brands owned by Volkswagen AG; Lexus, Daihatsu, Scion, and Hino, which are brands owned by Toyota).

[0026] - Vehicle brand and model (e.g., Volkswagen Golf, Toyota Corolla, Tesla Model Y, Mitsubishi Colt, BYD Dolphin).

[0027] - Vehicle model year (e.g., Volkswagen Golf V 2003-2008, Toyota Corolla 1983-1987, Mitsubishi Colt Z30 2004-2012).

[0028] - The engine type of the vehicle model (Volkswagen Golf diesel engine).

[0029] Preferably, the vehicle type is a vehicle brand or multiple vehicle brands owned by the same automaker.

[0030] A suitable collection site could be the location of a vehicle recycling company.

[0031] Vehicle collection can be carried out by the vehicle owner who brings their ELV to the collection site, or by the ELV collection company that transports the ELV to the collection site.

[0032] Step b) includes identifying a selected vehicle of a selected vehicle type, wherein the vehicle includes polymer vehicle parts.

[0033] The appropriate vehicle type can be selected from the vehicle types mentioned above.

[0034] The appropriate vehicle type to select is the vehicle brand, multiple vehicle brands owned by the same automaker, vehicle model of the vehicle brand, model year of the vehicle model, or engine type of the vehicle model.

[0035] Preferably, the selected vehicle type is a vehicle brand or multiple vehicle brands owned by the same automaker.

[0036] The identification of the selected vehicle type can be performed at the collection site.

[0037] The selected vehicle type is identified visually by a human or through an automated computer system, which can identify the selected vehicle type based on an optical system. The identified selected vehicle can be marked, for example, with stickers, paper, or symbols sprayed onto the selected vehicle with colored spray.

[0038] Step c) includes crushing a crushed feed containing at least 50 wt% of the selected vehicle to produce an automotive crushing residue containing a mixture of plastic fragments.

[0039] Automotive debris can be obtained through vehicle crushing, preferably through that process. More preferably, automotive debris can be obtained through vehicle decontamination, vehicle dismantling, vehicle crushing, and separation of metal particles from the crushed vehicle.

[0040] In vehicle decontamination, harmful liquids (such as fuel, lubricating oil, coolant, brake fluid) and batteries can be removed from the vehicle before crushing.

[0041] Vehicle dismantling can include the selective removal of parts such as engines, transmissions, tires, glass, and plastics for reuse as spare parts in the second-hand market. Dismantling can also include the removal of larger plastic components, such as bumpers, dashboards, and fluid containers, for individual recycling of the plastics.

[0042] ASR can include additional waste from other sources. For example, trash from a previous owner may be left in the trunk or inside the vehicle.

[0043] The crushing feed contains at least 50 wt%, preferably at least 80 wt%, and particularly at least 95 wt% of the selected vehicle. In another form, the crushing feed contains at least 60 wt%, preferably at least 85 wt%, and particularly at least 99 wt% of the selected vehicle.

[0044] Crushing feed is typically fed by a vehicle-mounted crusher. During a workday, one or more batches of crushing feed can be processed by a vehicle-mounted crusher.

[0045] Typically, the interior of the vehicle crusher is cleaned before crushing the selected vehicle type. This process is repeated before starting a new crushing feed and crushing the selected vehicle type.

[0046] Crushing can be done using a vehicle shredder. Vehicle shredders are manufactured in various sizes. Typically, a vehicle shredder consists of a heavy-duty, high-speed rotating rotor that can rotate in a vertical or horizontal plane and is usually equipped with oscillating hammers. The vehicle shredder tears and crushes vehicle wreckage until its parts are reduced to fragments. The fragments can then pass through a grid and exit the rotor housing.

[0047] Vehicle crushers can be single-shaft, double-shaft, triple-shaft, quadruple-shaft, quintuple-shaft, or six-shaft crushers with rotating cutting shafts.

[0048] A single-shaft crusher can be equipped with a shaft welded with rotating blades, and can have a hydraulically driven pusher arm and a screen below the rotating shaft. Material is typically fed into a hopper, and the hydraulically driven plate / arm pushes it towards the cutting shaft for efficient crushing, with the crushed fragments passing through the screen as output.

[0049] The vehicle crusher can be a twin-shaft crusher with two rotating cutting shafts and a bottom discharge port. Preferably, the vehicle crusher can be a twin-shaft crusher with two rotating cutting shafts and a bottom discharge port without a screen. The two shafts of the rotating cutting blades can hook the material and crush it into fragments without the need for pusher arms or screens. The crushed fragments can be discharged directly at the bottom.

[0050] Crushing is typically carried out in vehicle-mounted crushers with low retention volumes. Retention volumes can be less than 7 m³. 3 Preferred size is less than 3 m 3 And especially below 1 m 3 .

[0051] Typically, retention volume is the volume of the rotary crusher blades.

[0052] Metal fragments (such as ferrous and non-ferrous metal fragments) can be separated from wrecked vehicles. Ferrous metal fragments can be removed using magnetic separators. Non-ferrous metal fragments can be separated from wrecked vehicles using eddy current separators, density-based heavy media flotation devices, or manual sorting. Typically, 60–90 wt% of a vehicle's weight is metal, which can be separated from the wrecked vehicle.

[0053] The automotive debris can account for approximately 10-40 wt%, preferably 15-35 wt%, and especially 20-30 wt% of the original vehicle weight.

[0054] Automotive debris can include fragments of various polymer vehicle parts, such as bumpers, interior trim panels, dashboards, cable insulation, fuel tanks, electrical insulation materials, soft foam seats, foam insulation panels, automotive suspension bushings, electrical potting compounds, body parts, pillar covers, polymer spoiler parts coated with automotive paint, wheel covers, gears, bushings, cams, bearings, weather-resistant coatings, interior and exterior trim, fuel systems, gear housings, headlight retainers, engine hoods, connector housings, door handles, carburetor components, exterior mirror components, windshield wiper components, windshield wiper protection housings, decorative grilles, hood strips, roof rails, window frames, sliding roof frames, antenna covers, headlights and taillights, radiator grilles and exterior body parts, engine hoods, cylinder head covers, intake manifolds, engine hoods, turbocharger housings, and fragments of turbocharger valves.

[0055] Automotive debris can contain fragments of various polymer vehicle parts, such as the following:

[0056] - Bumpers, interior panels, dashboards, cable insulation, and other components, which are typically made of polypropylene;

[0057] - Fuel tanks, electrical insulation materials, where these fragments are typically made of polyethylene;

[0058] - Soft foam seats, foam insulation panels, automotive suspension bushings, electrical potting compounds, rigid plastic parts, transmission mounts, engine mounts, seals, and impact-resistant foam parts, among which these components are typically made of polyurethane;

[0059] - Body parts, dashboards, wheel covers, where these components are typically made of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene;

[0060] - Gears, bushings, cams, bearings, turbocharged air coolers, cylinder head covers, oil pans, engine cooling systems, thermostat and heater housings, exhaust systems including muffler and catalytic converter housings, intake manifolds, timing chain belt covers, where these components are typically made of nylon 6 or nylon 6.6.

[0061] - Interior and exterior trim, fuel systems, small gears, where these components are typically made of polyoxymethylene;

[0062] - Wiper arm and gear housings, headlight retainers, connector housings, where these components are typically made of polyethylene terephthalate; and

[0063] Door handles, bumpers, carburetor parts, and other components, among which these parts are typically made of polybutylene terephthalate (PET).

[0064] Automotive debris may contain at least 30 wt%, preferably at least 40 wt%, and particularly at least 50 wt% of fragments of polymer vehicle parts.

[0065] Automotive debris may contain at least 20 wt%, preferably at least 30 wt%, and particularly at least 40 wt% of fragments of polymer vehicle parts, which are black polymer vehicle parts. Black polymer vehicle parts typically contain carbon black pigment.

[0066] Automotive debris may contain up to 15 wt%, preferably up to 10 wt%, and particularly up to 5 wt% of metal fragments, such as ferrous and nonferrous metal particles.

[0067] Automotive debris may contain up to 15 wt%, preferably up to 10 wt%, and particularly up to 5 wt% of wood and cardboard.

[0068] Automotive debris may contain up to 15 wt%, preferably up to 10 wt%, and particularly up to 5 wt% of glass fragments, such as broken window glass fragments.

[0069] Vehicle debris can be separated into light fraction (SLF) and heavy fraction (SHF). The separation of SLF and SHF can be achieved through air classification. Another form of air classification is achieved by the rotational motion of the vehicle crusher, which generates a fan-like effect that blows out the light fraction, while the heavy fraction exits the vehicle crusher through a grille.

[0070] SLF can be present in an amount of 55-90 wt%, preferably 65-85 wt%, and particularly 70-80 wt% of automotive crushing residue. SHF can represent a balance to be made up to 100 wt%.

[0071] SHF can be present in amounts of 10-45 wt%, preferably 15-35 wt%, and particularly 20-30 wt% of automotive crushing residue. SLF can represent a remainder made up to 100 wt%.

[0072] SLF typically contains a lower weight percentage of rubber particles than SLF.

[0073] SLF typically contains a lower weight percentage of glass particles than SLF.

[0074] SLF typically contains a lower weight percentage of metal particles than SLF.

[0075] SLF typically contains a higher weight percentage of polyurethane foam particles than SLF.

[0076] SLF typically contains a lower weight percentage of solids and sand than SLF.

[0077] Crushing vehicles that include polymer vehicle parts produces automotive debris containing a mixture of plastic fragments. This mixture typically contains fragments of various polymer vehicle parts.

[0078] The plastic fragment mixture may contain target plastic fragments and additional fragments. The additional fragments may be fragments of various polymer vehicle parts, metal fragments (such as ferrous and non-ferrous metal particles), wood and cardboard, or glass fragments. The plastic fragment mixture may contain at least 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, or 90 wt% of the target plastic fragments. The plastic fragment mixture may contain up to 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, or 90 wt% of additional fragments.

[0079] After step c) of feeding the crusher into the vehicle, other steps can be performed, such as...

[0080] - It can separate metal fragments (such as ferrous and non-ferrous metal fragments).

[0081] - It can separate automotive debris into lightweight fractions and heavy fractions; and / or

[0082] - This can subject automotive crushed residues, preferably crushed light fractions and / or crushed heavy fractions to an aqueous pretreatment selected from washing and aqueous density separation.

[0083] If automotive shredder residue is separated into light and heavy fractions, then the light or heavy fractions, or both SLF and SHF, can be used in place of the automotive shredder residue for any subsequent steps.

[0084] Preferably, after step c) and before optional step d) or optional step e), at least one additional step selected from the following is performed:

[0085] - Separate metal fragments (such as ferrous and nonferrous metal fragments) from ASR, SLF, and / or SHF; and / or

[0086] - Separate automotive debris into light fraction (SLF) and heavy fraction (SHF).

[0087] Preferably, after step c) and before optional step d) or optional step e), at least one additional step selected from the following is performed:

[0088] - subjecting automotive crushed residues, preferably crushed light fractions and / or crushed heavy fractions to an aqueous pretreatment selected from washing and aqueous density separation.

[0089] Preferably, after step c) and before optional step d) or optional step e), at least one additional step selected from the following is performed:

[0090] - Separate metal fragments (such as ferrous and nonferrous metal fragments) from ASR, SLF, and / or SHF.

[0091] - Separate automotive debris into light crushed fraction (SLF) and heavy crushed fraction (SHF); and / or

[0092] - subjecting automotive crushed residues, preferably crushed light fractions and / or crushed heavy fractions to an aqueous pretreatment selected from washing and aqueous density separation.

[0093] In a preferred form, the method for recycling automotive debris further includes the following steps after step c):

[0094] (ca) Separating metal fragments from car debris.

[0095] In another preferred form, the method for recycling automotive debris further includes the following steps after step c):

[0096] cb) Separate automobile crushing residue into crushed light fraction and crushed heavy fraction.

[0097] In another preferred form, the method for recycling automotive debris further includes the following steps after step c):

[0098] ca) Separating metal fragments from automotive debris, and

[0099] cb) Separate automobile crushing residue into crushed light fraction and crushed heavy fraction.

[0100] Steps ca) and ab) can be performed in any order, or in parallel or repeatedly.

[0101] In a preferred form, the method for recycling automotive debris further includes the following steps after step a) and before optional step d) or optional step e):

[0102] (cc) subjecting automotive crushed residues, preferably crushed light fractions and / or crushed heavy fractions to an aqueous pretreatment selected from washing and aqueous density separation.

[0103] Aqueous pretreatment can be selected from washing, such as washing automotive debris, preferably crushing light fractions and / or crushing heavy fractions, with water (optionally containing washing additives such as surfactants or alkalis). Suitable surfactants are anionic, neutral, or cationic surfactants. Suitable alkalis are inorganic alkalis (e.g., sodium hydroxide) or organic alkalis. Washing can be achieved by spraying water onto the automotive debris, preferably crushing light fractions and / or crushing heavy fractions.

[0104] Aqueous pretreatment can be selected from aqueous density separation, such as in a hydrocyclone or via heavy medium separation.

[0105] This method may include a drying step, such as drying wet automotive debris, wet crushed light fractions, and / or wet crushed heavy fractions, following an aqueous pretreatment. A suitable drying step is blowing air, which may be at ambient temperature or an elevated temperature.

[0106] The method includes a drying step to obtain a transport grade having a water content of less than 10 wt%, preferably less than 6 wt%, and particularly less than 3 wt%.

[0107] The drying step can be drying automotive debris, drying transport fractions, or both.

[0108] The method may include separating coarse fragments from automotive debris to obtain a transport grade containing at least 99 wt% fragments smaller than 12 cm.

[0109] Coarse fragments typically have a maximum size of at least 25 cm, preferably at least 18 cm, and particularly at least 12 cm. The maximum size can be measured at the longest dimension of the coarse fragment. Coarse fragments are typically obtained during vehicle crushing.

[0110] The separated coarse fragments can be crushed again, for example, when crushing a vehicle together, or in a separate crusher.

[0111] Separating coarse fragments from automotive debris can be done through screening or optical sorting. Screening can be performed using a flat screen or a drum screen, with the coarse fragments exiting the drum screen. Screening conditions can be adjusted according to the desired purity, such as the sieve aperture, drum speed, or drum inclination.

[0112] The method may include the step of separating crushed dust from automotive debris to obtain a transport fraction containing less than 20 wt%, preferably less than 10 wt%, and particularly less than 3 wt% of crushed dust. The transport fraction may contain less than 20 wt%, preferably less than 10 wt%, and particularly less than 3 wt% of crushed dust.

[0113] The separation of crushed dust can be achieved by screening, such as using a flat screen or a drum screen, in which the crushed dust exits the drum through holes. Screening conditions can be adjusted according to the desired purity, such as the sieve holes, drum speed, or drum inclination.

[0114] In a preferred form, a two-stage drum screen is used, wherein crushed dust is separated in a first drum (e.g., with an aperture of 0.5-2 cm) and coarse crushed fragments are separated in a second drum (e.g., with an aperture of 10-20 cm).

[0115] Crushed dust typically has a particle size of less than 10 mm, preferably less than 5 mm, and especially less than 1 mm, for example when measured along the longest dimension of the crushed dust.

[0116] Metal fragments (such as ferrous and non-ferrous metal fragments) can be separated from automotive shredding debris and / or transport fractions. Ferrous metal fragments can be removed using magnetic separators. Non-ferrous metal fragments can be separated from shredded vehicles using eddy current separators, density-based heavy media flotation devices, or manual sorting.

[0117] The transport fraction may contain less than 5 wt%, preferably less than 3 wt%, and especially less than 1 wt% of metal fragments.

[0118] Separating cables, wires, and ropes from automotive debris and / or transport stages can be done using optical sorting. Optical sorting can be performed using an optical sorting machine that uses visible light to detect cables, wires, and ropes. Suitable optical sorting machines have been described above. Optical sorting machines can identify the length of cables, wires, and ropes.

[0119] Automotive debris may contain less than 0.1 wt%, preferably less than 0.05 wt%, and particularly less than 0.001 wt% of cables, wires, and ropes with a length greater than 12 cm. Transport-grade debris may contain less than 0.1 wt%, preferably less than 0.05 wt%, and particularly less than 0.001 wt% of cables, wires, and ropes with a length greater than 10 cm. Transport-grade debris may contain less than 0.1 wt%, preferably less than 0.05 wt%, and particularly less than 0.001 wt% of cables, wires, and ropes with a length greater than 6 cm.

[0120] Polyurethane foam debris can be removed from automotive debris and / or transport stages by suction. Typically, vacuum-powered machinery can be used for suction. Suitable polyurethane foam debris typically has a maximum size of less than 12 cm, preferably less than 6 cm, and particularly less than 2 cm.

[0121] Automotive debris may contain up to 1 wt%, preferably up to 0.3 wt%, and particularly up to 0.05 wt% of polyurethane foam fragments.

[0122] The method for recycling automotive debris may further include step d) of transporting the automotive debris to a recycling location without mixing it with another type of automotive debris.

[0123] Transport can be carried out by rail (e.g., when the bottom discharge container is a rail hopper wagon); by road (when the bottom discharge container is a hopper truck); or by sea. Transport typically covers a distance of at least 10 km, preferably at least 50 km, and particularly at least 200 km.

[0124] A recycling location can be the location where the step of recycling automotive waste is carried out, such as a recycling plant.

[0125] The automotive shredded residue obtained from step c) can be transported to a recycling location without mixing it with imported shredded residue. Imported shredded residue is typically not obtained from step c). It is usually obtained by crushing feed containing less than 50 wt%, preferably less than 80 wt%, and particularly less than 95 wt% of the selected vehicle. Transporting the automotive shredded residue without mixing it with imported shredded residue allows the composition of the automotive shredded residue to remain substantially the same, for example, at least 99 wt%.

[0126] The automotive debris may contain at least 80 wt%, preferably at least 90 wt%, and particularly at least 95 wt% of target plastic fragments made from a selection of the following target plastic types: polyolefins, polyamides, polyurethanes, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, polyoxymethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, or mixtures thereof.

[0127] The target plastic fragment can be made from any type of target plastic or a mixture thereof. Typically, the target plastic type is the type of plastic present in polymer vehicle parts.

[0128] Suitable target plastic types are polyolefins (such as polypropylene and polyethylene), polyamides (such as nylon 6 or nylon 6.6), halogenated polymers (such as polyvinyl chloride), polyurethanes (such as non-foamed polyurethane), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, polyoxymethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, or mixtures thereof.

[0129] Preferably, the target plastic fragment is made of polyamide, polyolefin, or a mixture thereof.

[0130] In another preferred form, the target plastic fragment is made of polyamide 6, polyamide 6.6, or a mixture thereof. In another preferred form, the target plastic fragment is made of a polyolefin (such as polypropylene and polyethylene, or a mixture thereof). In another preferred form, the target plastic fragment is made of polyvinyl chloride.

[0131] Suitable polyamides include thermoplastic polyamides. Preferred are semi-crystalline or amorphous polyamides having a molecular weight (weight-average molecular weight) of at least 5000 g / mol, as determined by size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Aliphatic and semi-aromatic polyamides are preferred.

[0132] Examples of polyamides are polyamides derived from lactams having 7 to 13 ring members, such as polycaprolactam, polyoctyllactam and polylaurolactam, as well as polyamides obtained by the reaction of dicarboxylic acids with diamines.

[0133] Polyamide plastic parts may contain glass fibers. Polyamide plastic parts may contain up to 60 wt%, preferably up to 50 wt%, and particularly up to 40 wt% (e.g., 20 to 40 wt%) of glass fibers.

[0134] Suitable polyolefins are:

[0135] 1. Polymers of monoolefins and dienes, such as polypropylene, polyisobutylene, polybut-1-ene, poly-4-methylpent-1-ene, polyvinylcyclohexane, polyisoprene or polybutadiene, polyhexene, polyoctene, and polymers of cycloolefins, such as cyclopentene, cyclohexene, cyclooctene or norbornene, and polyethylene (which may optionally be crosslinked), such as high-density polyethylene (HDPE), high-density and high-molecular-weight polyethylene (HDPE-HMW), high-density and ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (HDPE-UHMW), medium-density polyethylene (MDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), very low-density polyethylene (VLDPE), and ultra-low-density polyethylene (ULDPE).

[0136] Polyolefins, namely polymers of the monoolefins exemplified in the previous paragraph, preferably polyethylene and polypropylene, can be prepared by various methods and, in particular, by the following methods:

[0137] a) Free radical polymerization (typically under high pressure and at elevated temperatures).

[0138] b) Catalytic polymerization using catalysts typically containing one or more metals from Group IVb, Vb, Vib, or VIII of the periodic table. These metals typically have one or more ligands, typically oxides, halides, alkoxides, esters, ethers, amines, alkyl, alkenyl, and / or aryl groups, which may be □-coordinated or □-coordinated. These metal complexes may be in free form or immobilized on a substrate, typically on activated magnesium chloride, titanium(III) chloride, alumina, or silica. These catalysts may be soluble or insoluble in the polymerization medium. The catalyst itself may be used in the polymerization, or additional activators may be used, typically metal alkyl groups, metal hydrides, metal alkyl halides, metal alkyl oxides, or metal alkyloxanes, where the metal is an element from Group Ia, Iia, and / or IIIa of the periodic table. The activator may be conveniently modified with additional ester, ether, amine, or silyl ether groups. These catalyst systems are commonly referred to as Phillips, Standard Oil Indiana, Ziegler (-Natta), TNZ (DuPont), metallocene, or single-point catalyst (SSC).

[0139] 2. Mixtures of polymers mentioned in 1, such as mixtures of polypropylene and polyisobutylene, mixtures of polypropylene and polyethylene (e.g., PP / HDPE, PP / LDPE), and mixtures of different types of polyethylene (e.g., LDPE / HDPE).

[0140] 3. Copolymers of monoolefins and dienes with each other or with other vinyl monomers, such as ethylene / propylene copolymers, linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) and mixtures thereof with low-density polyethylene (LDPE), very low-density polyethylene, propylene / but-1-ene copolymers, propylene / isobutene copolymers, ethylene / but-1-ene copolymers, ethylene / hexene copolymers, ethylene / methylpentene copolymers, ethylene / heptane copolymers, ethylene / octene copolymers, ethylene / vinylcyclohexane copolymers, ethylene / cycloolefin copolymers (e.g., ethylene / norbornene like COC), ethylene / 1-olefin copolymers (where the 1-olefin is generated in situ); propylene / butadiene copolymers, isobutene / isoprene copolymers, ethylene / vinylcyclohexene copolymers, ethylene / alkyl acrylate copolymers, ethylene / alkyl methacrylate copolymers, ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymers or ethylene / acrylic acid copolymers and their salts (ionomers), and terpolymers of ethylene with propylene and dienes (such as hexadiene, dicyclopentadiene or ethylene-norbornene); and such copolymers with each other and with the above in 1). Mixtures of polymers mentioned herein, such as polypropylene / ethylene-propylene copolymers, LDPE / ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers (EVA), LDPE / ethylene-acrylic acid copolymers (EAA), LLDPE / EVA, LLDPE / EAA, and alternating or random polyalkylene / carbon monoxide copolymers and mixtures thereof with other polymers (e.g., polyamides).

[0141] Preferably, the polyolefin is a polymer of monoolefins and dienes, such as polypropylene and polyethylene.

[0142] The method for recycling automotive debris may further include step e) of recycling automotive debris at a recycling location.

[0143] The recycling of automotive debris can be achieved through pyrolysis, depolymerization, or gasification.

[0144] Recycling of automotive debris can include the pyrolysis of target plastic fragments, such as those made of polyolefins.

[0145] Recycling of automotive debris can include the depolymerization of target plastic fragments, such as target plastic fragments made of polyamide.

[0146] Recycling of automotive debris can include the depolymerization of target plastic fragments, such as target plastic fragments made of polyurethane.

[0147] The depolymerization of polyamides or polyurethanes is typically a process of breaking down the long chains of polymer molecules into smaller units through a chemical reaction, such as by using heat, chemicals, or enzymes to break the chemical bonds between the individual monomers that make up the polymer. The resulting smaller molecules or monomers can then be purified and reused to produce new polyamide or polyurethane products.

[0148] Pyrolysis is a process commonly used in polymer recycling, involving heating polymer waste in the absence of oxygen to break it down into smaller molecules. This thermal degradation process typically takes place at high temperatures, such as 300 to 900 degrees Celsius. During pyrolysis, the polymer usually undergoes a series of chemical reactions, such as cracking and breakdown, resulting in the formation of gaseous, liquid, and solid residues. These products can then be further refined and used as feedstock for the production of new polymers, fuels, or other value-added chemicals.

[0149] Gasification is a process commonly used in polymer recycling, converting polymers into a gaseous state by reacting them with controlled amounts of oxygen or steam at high temperatures. This thermochemical conversion process typically occurs in a gasifier, where polymer waste is subjected to intense heat, typically above 700 degrees Celsius. The heat causes the polymers to break down into their constituent elements, primarily carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, resulting in a gaseous mixture called syngas. This mixture can be further processed and used in a variety of applications, such as as fuel for power generation, or it can be refined to produce valuable chemicals and fuels.

[0150] The present invention also relates to a method for recycling automotive crushing residue, the method comprising step e) of recycling automotive crushing residue at a recycling location.

[0151] Automotive debris can be obtained through the following methods:

[0152] e) Collect vehicles of various vehicle types at the collection site;

[0153] f) Identify the selected vehicle of the selected vehicle type, wherein the vehicle includes polymer vehicle parts; and

[0154] g) Crushing a crushed feed containing at least 50 wt% of the selected vehicle to produce automotive crushing residue comprising a mixture of plastic fragments; and optionally...

[0155] h) Transporting automotive shredder residue to recycling locations without mixing it with external shredder residue.

[0156] In another form, the method includes the following steps:

[0157] - The product PRF1 is obtained by converting automotive debris or chemical materials that are available or obtainable by the method according to the invention.

[0158] Product PRF1 can be selected from:

[0159] i) Building blocks or single units; or

[0160] ii) a polymer, preferably polymer A, a polymer composition, preferably polymer composition A, or a polymer product, preferably polymer product A; or

[0161] iii) Industrial polymers, industrial surfactants, scale-removing compounds, industrial biocides, industrial solvents, industrial dispersants, compositions thereof, or formulations thereof; or

[0162] iv) Agricultural chemical compositions, agricultural chemical formulations, adjuvants, or agricultural chemical active ingredients; or

[0163] v) Active pharmaceutical ingredients or intermediates thereof, pharmaceutical excipients, animal feed additives, human food additives, dietary supplements, aromatic chemicals or aromatic compositions; or

[0164] vi) The aqueous polymer dispersion is preferably a polyurethane or polyurethane-poly(meth)acrylate mixed polymer dispersion, emulsion, binder for paper and fiber coatings, UV-curable acrylic polymer for hot melts and coatings, polyisocyanate, hyperbranched polyester polyol, polymer dispersant for inorganic binder compositions, unsaturated polyester polyol, or 100% curable composition; or

[0165] vii) Cosmetic surfactants, emollients, waxes, cosmetic polymers, UV filters, other cosmetic ingredients, or combinations thereof or formulations thereof; or

[0166] viii) Polymer B, polymer composition B, coating composition, other functional composition, foil, molded body, coating or coated substrate.

[0167] The content of the target plastic fragments in product PRF1 may be 1 wt% or more, preferably 2 wt% or more, more preferably 5 wt% or more, more preferably 15 wt% or more, more preferably 30 wt% or more, more preferably 40 wt% or more, more preferably 60 wt% or more, more preferably 80 wt% or more, more preferably 90 wt% or more, more preferably 95 wt% or more; and / or

[0168] The content of the target plastic fragments in product PRF1 may be 100 wt% or less, preferably 95 wt% or less, more preferably 90 wt% or less, more preferably 50 wt% or less, more preferably 25 wt% or less, more preferably 10 wt% or less; and

[0169] Preferably, the content is determined based on an identity preservation and / or segregation and / or quality balance and / or ledger and declaration chain of custody model, preferably based on quality balance, preferred International Sustainability and Carbon Certification (ISCC) standards.

[0170] The publicly disclosed prior art content; Issue 684; paragraphs

[1000] to

[8005] ; ISSN: 2198-4786; publication date: February 12, 2024, shall be regarded as reference RF1, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Preferably, product PRF1 is the product as described in paragraphs

[1000] to

[8005] of reference RF1. Preferably, the method described herein is further a method for producing product, preferably product PRF1.

[0171] The conversion steps for obtaining product PRF1 preferably include one or more steps as described below, and can be performed by conventional methods well known to those skilled in the art. The conversion steps preferably include one or more steps selected from the following:

[0172] Recycling, preferably through depolymerization, gasification, pyrolysis and / or steam cracking; and / or

[0173] Purification, preferably crystallization, (solvent) extraction, distillation, evaporation, hydrogenation, absorption, adsorption, and / or ion exchange; and / or

[0174] Assembling, preferably foaming, synthesis, chemical transformation, chemical conversion, polymerization and / or blending; and / or

[0175] Molding, preferably foaming, extrusion and / or molding; and / or

[0176] Finishing, preferably coating and / or smoothing.

[0177] Additionally, one or more steps are described in detail in reference RF1; paragraphs

[1000] through

[8005] .

[0178] As used herein, the term "building unit" refers to a compound that is in a gaseous or liquid state under standard conditions of 0°C and 0.1 MPa. Building units are typically used in the chemical industry to form secondary products that offer greater structural complexity and / or higher molecular weight than the building unit on which the secondary product is based. Building units are preferably selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, ethylene oxide, ethylene glycol, syngas containing mixtures of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic compounds. Alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic compounds particularly contain 1 to 12 carbon atoms, respectively.

[0179] As used herein, the term "monomer" includes molecules that can react with each other to form polymer chains through polymerization. Monomers are preferably selected from the group consisting of: (meth)acrylic acid, salts of (meth)acrylic acid; particularly sodium, potassium, and zinc salts; (meth)acrolein; and (meth)acrylates. (Meth)acrylates containing 1 to 22 carbon atoms, particularly 1 to 8 carbon atoms, are preferred. The terms (meth)acrylic acid, (meth)acrolein, or (meth)acrylate refer to acrylic acid, acrolein, or acrylates, and where applicable, also refer to methacrylic acid, methacrolein, or methacrylates. Furthermore, monomers may be selected from hexamethylenediamine (HMD) and adipic acid.

[0180] The building blocks may further be intermediate compounds. As used herein, the term "intermediate compound" includes organic reagents that are used to form compounds with higher molecular complexity. Intermediate compounds may, for example, be selected from the group consisting of phosgene, polyisocyanates, and propylene oxide. Polyisocyanates are particularly aromatic diisocyanates and polyisocyanates, preferably toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and / or diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI).

[0181] The building blocks and monomers, as well as one or more typical transformation steps used to obtain the building blocks or monomers, are described in more detail in paragraphs

[1000] through

[1012] of reference RF1.

[0182] As used herein, the term “polymer A” includes thermoplastics (e.g., polyamides or thermoplastic polyurethanes), thermosettings (e.g., polyurethanes), elastomers (e.g., polybutadiene) or copolymers or mixtures thereof, and is defined in more detail in paragraphs

[2001] through

[2007] of reference RF1.

[0183] As used herein, the term “polymer composition A” includes all compositions comprising the polymers described above and one or more additives (e.g., reinforcing agents, colorants, modifiers and / or flame retardants), and is defined in more detail in paragraph

[2008] of reference RF1.

[0184] As used herein, the term “polymer product A” includes any product comprising polymer A and / or polymer composition A as described above, and is defined in more detail in paragraphs

[2009] and

[2010] of reference RF1.

[0185] One or more steps for obtaining a polymer (preferably polymer A), a polymer composition (preferably polymer composition A), or a polymer product (preferably polymer product A) are described in more detail in paragraph

[2011] of reference RF1.

[0186] As used herein, the term "industrial polymer" includes rheological polymers, polycarboxylate polymers, alkoxylated polyalkyleneamine polymers, alkoxylated polyalkyleneimine polymers, polyether polymers, dye-inhibiting polymers, and dirt-releasing cleaning polymers, as defined in more detail in paragraphs

[3035] through

[3044] of reference RF1. As used herein, the term "industrial surfactant" includes nonionic, anionic, and amphoteric industrial surfactants, as defined in more detail in paragraphs

[3008] through

[3034] of reference RF1. As used herein, the term "industrial descaling compound" includes nonphosphate-based builders (NPBs) and phosphonates (CoPs), as described in more detail in paragraphs

[3001] through

[3005] of reference RF1. As used herein, the term "industrial biocide" refers to compounds that kill or inhibit the growth or reproduction of microorganisms, as defined in more detail in paragraphs

[3006] through

[3007] of reference RF1. As used herein, the term “industrial solvent” includes alkylamides, alkyl lactamides, alkyl esters, lactates, alkyl diesters, cyclic alkyl diesters, cyclic carbonates, aromatic aldehydes, and aromatic esters, as defined in more detail in paragraphs

[3045] through

[3055] of reference RF1. As used herein, the term “industrial dispersant” includes anionic and nonionic industrial dispersants, as defined in more detail in paragraphs

[3056] through

[3058] of reference RF1. The term “compositions and / or formulations thereof” with respect to industrial polymers, industrial surfactants, scale-removing compounds, and / or industrial biocides refers to industrial compositions and / or institutional products and / or textiles, as well as home care products and / or personal care products, as defined in more detail in paragraph

[3059] of reference RF1. One or more conversion steps for obtaining industrial polymers, industrial surfactants, scale-removing compounds, and / or industrial biocides are defined in more detail in paragraph

[3060] of reference RF1. The conversion steps for obtaining industrial compositions or formulations of industrial polymers, industrial surfactants, scale-removing compounds and / or industrial biocides are defined in more detail in paragraph

[3061] of reference RF1.

[0187] As used herein, the term "agricultural chemical composition" typically refers to a composition comprising an agricultural chemical active ingredient and at least one agricultural chemical formulation adjuvant. Examples of agricultural chemical compositions, active ingredients, and adjuvants are described in more detail in paragraph

[4001] of reference RF1.

[0188] Agricultural chemical compositions can be in any conventional formulation form. These agricultural chemical compositions are prepared in known ways, for example, as described in: Mollet and Grubemann, Formulation technology, Wiley VCH, Weinheim, 2001; or Knowles, New developments in crop protection product formulation, Agrow Reports DS243, T&F Informa, London, 2005. One or more conversion steps to obtain agricultural chemical active ingredients and adjuvants can be similar to one or more generation steps of their analogues based on petrochemicals or other precursors not obtained through recycling methods. Furthermore, the conversion of compounds mentioned in the sections “Polymers” and “Cosmetic Surfactants, Emollients, Waxes, Cosmetic Polymers, UV Filters, Other Cosmetic Ingredients or Combinations or Formulations thereof” can be carried out as described in those sections and the corresponding paragraphs in reference RF1.

[0189] As used herein, the terms active pharmaceutical ingredient and / or its intermediates include substances that provide pharmacological activity or other direct action or influence the structure or any function of the body in the diagnosis, cure, relief, treatment or prevention of a disease. Intermediates are isolated products generated during a multi-step synthetic route of the active pharmaceutical ingredient. As used herein, the term pharmaceutical excipient includes compounds or mixtures of compounds used in compositions for various pharmaceutical applications that are substantially non-pharmaceutical in themselves. Active pharmaceutical ingredients and / or their intermediates, as well as pharmaceutical excipients, are defined in more detail in paragraph

[5001] of reference RF1.

[0190] One or more conversion steps for obtaining an active pharmaceutical ingredient and / or its intermediates and pharmaceutical excipients may include one or more synthetic steps and may be carried out by conventional synthesis and techniques well known to those skilled in the art.

[0191] As used herein, the terms animal feed additives, human food additives, and dietary supplements include vitamins, provitamins, and their active metabolites, including intermediates and precursors, particularly vitamins A, B, E, D, and K, and their esters (such as acetates, propionates, and palmitates) or their alcohols (such as retinol) or their salts or any combination thereof; tetraterpenes, particularly isoprene-like compounds, such as carotenoids and lutein, including their intermediates and precursors, as well as mixtures and derivatives thereof, particularly β-carotene, canthaxanthin, hesperidin, astaxanthin, zeaxanthin, lutein, and tomato. Red pigments, apocarotenoids, and any combination thereof; organic acids, especially formic acid, propionic acid, and their salts (such as sodium, calcium, or ammonium salts) and any combination thereof, such as, but not limited to, formic acid and sodium formate, propionic acid and ammonium propionic acid, formic acid and propionic acid, formic acid and sodium formate, and mixtures of propionic acid, propionic acid and sodium propionic acid, and formic acid and sodium formate; glycerides of carboxylic acids and short- and medium-chain fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acid (such as omega-6 fatty acid (C18:2) methyl esters), and 1,2-propanediol; and beverage stabilizers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone polymers or polyvinylimazole / polyvinylpyrrolidone copolymers. Animal feed additives, human food additives, and dietary supplements are defined in more detail in paragraph

[5002] of reference RF1.

[0192] One or more conversion steps used to obtain animal feed additives, human food additives, or dietary supplements may include one or more synthetic steps and may be carried out by conventional synthesis and techniques well known to those skilled in the art.

[0193] As used herein, the terms aromatic chemicals and aromatic compositions include volatile organic compounds with a molecular weight between 70 and 250 g / mol, including those with a carbon skeleton of C5-C6. 16 Functional groups of carbon atoms, the carbon skeleton including straight chains, branches, and rings (e.g., rings with a size of C5-C). 18 The aromatic chemical is a bicyclic or tricyclic aliphatic chain, but does not necessarily contain one or more unsaturated structural elements such as double bonds, triple bonds, aromatic or heteroaromatic groups, and preferably, one or more additional functional groups are selected from alcohols, ethers, esters, ketones, aldehydes, acetals, carboxylic acids, nitriles, thiols, and amines. In one aspect, the aromatic chemical is a terpenoid aromatic chemical, for example selected from monoterpenes and monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenes and sesquiterpenoids, diterpenes, triterpenes, or tetraterpenes. The aromatic chemical can be combined with other aromatic chemicals to obtain aromatic compositions. Aromatic chemicals and aromatic compositions are defined in more detail in paragraph

[5003] of reference RF1.

[0194] One or more conversion steps for obtaining aromatic chemicals and aromatic compositions may include one or more synthetic steps and may be carried out by conventional synthesis and techniques well known to those skilled in the art.

[0195] As used herein, the term "aqueous polymer dispersion" includes one or more aqueous compositions comprising one or more dispersed polymers, and is defined in more detail in the section entitled "Aqueous Polymer Dispersions" of reference RF1

[6001] . One or more dispersed polymers may be selected from one or more acrylic emulsion polymers, one or more styrene acrylic emulsion polymers, one or more styrene butadiene dispersions, one or more aqueous dispersions comprising composite particles, one or more acrylate alkyd mixed dispersions, one or more polyurethanes (including UV-curable polyurethanes), and one or more polyurethane-poly(meth)acrylate mixed polymers. As used herein, the term "emulsion polymer" includes one or more polymers prepared by free radical emulsion polymerization. One or more aqueous polyurethane dispersions are defined in more detail in the section entitled "Polyurethane Dispersions" of reference RF1

[6002] . One or more UV-curable polyurethanes are defined in more detail in the section entitled "Polyurethane Dispersions" of reference RF1

[6017] . One or more polyurethane-poly(meth)acrylate mixed polymers are defined in more detail in the section entitled "Polyurethane Dispersions" of reference RF1

[6016] .

[0196] As used herein, the term “polymer dispersant” preferably includes one or more polymers comprising polyether side chains, particularly one or more polycarboxylate ether polymers and one or more condensation products as defined in more detail in the paragraph entitled “Polymer Dispersants” in reference RF1

[6020] .

[0197] One or more conversion (polymerization) steps for obtaining one or more aqueous polymer dispersions comprising one or more emulsion polymers are defined in more detail in the section entitled “Emulsion Polymerization” in reference RF1

[6003] .

[0198] One or more conversion (polymerization) steps for obtaining one or more waterborne polyurethane dispersions are defined in more detail in the section entitled “Methods for preparing waterborne polyurethane dispersions”

[6014] and the section entitled “UV-curable waterborne polyurethane dispersions, their preparation and use and compositions containing them”

[6017] of reference RF1.

[0199] Compositions and uses of one or more aqueous polymer dispersions and one or more polymer dispersants are defined in more detail in the following sections of reference RF1:

[0200] The section titled "Applications of Aqueous Polymer Dispersions"

[6004]

[0201] The section titled "Adhesives for Building and Building Coatings"

[6005]

[0202] The section titled "Adhesives for Paper Coatings"

[6006]

[0203] The section titled "Adhesives for Fiber Bonding"

[6007]

[0204] The section titled "Adhesive Polymers and Adhesive Compositions"

[6008]

[0205] The section titled "Aqueous Polyurethane Dispersions Suitable for Coating Compositions"

[6015]

[0206] The section titled "Waterborne polyurethane-poly(meth)acrylate mixed polymer dispersions suitable for coating compositions"

[6016]

[0207] The section titled "Waterborne UV-curable polyurethane dispersions, their preparation and uses, and compositions containing them"

[6017]

[0208] Section entitled “Inorganic binder compositions containing polymer dispersants and their uses”

[6018]

[6019] 100% curable coating compositions.

[0209] One or more UV-crosslinkable poly(meth)acrylates and their uses are defined in more detail in the section entitled “UV-crosslinkable poly(meth)acrylates for use in UV-curable solvent-free hot melt adhesives and their use in the preparation of pressure-sensitive self-adhesive articles” in reference RF1

[6009] .

[0210] One or more polyisocyanates, one or more compositions comprising them, and their uses are defined in more detail in the section entitled “Polyisocyanates” in reference RF1

[6010] .

[0211] One or more hyperbranched polyester polyols and their uses are defined in more detail in the section entitled "Organic solvent-based hyperbranched polyester polyols suitable for coating compositions" in reference RF1

[6011] . One or more conversion steps for obtaining hyperbranched polyester polyols are defined in more detail in the section entitled "Preparation of organic solvent-based hyperbranched polyester polyols" in reference RF1

[6012] . One or more coating compositions comprising one or more hyperbranched polyester polyols, one or more polyisocyanates and one or more additives, and the substrates coated thereon are defined in more detail in the section entitled "Organic solvent-based two-component coating compositions comprising hyperbranched polyester polyols and polyisocyanates" in reference RF1

[6013] .

[0212] One or more unsaturated polyester polyols, one or more solvent-based coating compositions comprising said unsaturated polyester polyols, and one or more substrates for coating with said one or more coating compositions are defined in more detail in the section entitled “Organic solvent-based coating compositions comprising unsaturated polyester polyols” in reference RF1

[6018] .

[0213] One or more 100% curable coating compositions are defined in more detail in section

[6019] of reference RF1.

[0214] One or more polymeric dispersants for use in inorganic binder compositions are defined in more detail in section

[6020] of reference RF1. One or more inorganic binder compositions comprising polymeric dispersants and their uses are defined in more detail in section

[6021] of reference RF1. One or more conversion steps for obtaining one or more polymeric dispersants are defined in more detail in section

[6020] of reference RF1. As used herein, the term "inorganic binder composition" comprising one or more polymeric dispersants preferably includes, in particular, hydraulic coagulating compositions and compositions comprising calcium sulfate, and is defined in more detail in section

[6021] of reference RF1 entitled "Inorganic Binder Compositions Containing Polymer Dispersants and Their Uses Therein". Specific one or more building material formulations comprising one or more polymeric dispersants, or one or more building products produced from building material formulations containing polymeric dispersants, are disclosed in more detail in section

[6021] of reference RF1.

[0215] As used herein, the term “cosmetic surfactant” includes nonionic, anionic, cationic, and amphoteric surfactants, and is defined in more detail in paragraph

[7002] of reference RF1. As used herein, the term “emollient” refers to a compound used to protect, moisturize, and / or lubricate the skin, and is defined in more detail in paragraph

[7003] of reference RF1. As used herein, the term “wax” includes pearlescent agents and opacifiers, and is defined in more detail in paragraph

[7004] of reference RF1. As used herein, the term “cosmetic polymer” includes any polymer that can be used as an ingredient in cosmetic formulations, and is defined in more detail in paragraph

[7005] of reference RF1. As used herein, the term “UV filter” refers to a compound that blocks or absorbs ultraviolet light, and is defined in more detail in paragraph

[7006] of reference RF1. As used herein, the term “additional cosmetic ingredient” includes any ingredient suitable for the preparation of cosmetic formulations. Several sources disclose ingredients acceptable for cosmetic use. For example, the Cosing database on the European Commission's website discloses cosmetic ingredients, as does the International Dictionary and Handbook of Cosmetic Ingredients edited by the Personal Care Products Association (PCPC). The term "compositions and / or formulations thereof" in relation to cosmetic surfactants, emollients, waxes, cosmetic polymers, UV filters, and / or other cosmetic ingredients refers to personal care and / or cosmetic compositions or formulations as defined in more detail in paragraph

[7007] of reference RF1. One or more conversion steps used to obtain cosmetic surfactants, emollients, waxes, cosmetic polymers, UV filters, or other cosmetic ingredients are defined in more detail in paragraph

[7008] of reference RF1.

[0216] The terms “polymer B”, “polymer composition B”, “coating composition”, “other functional composition”, “foil”, “molded body”, “coating” and “coated substrate” are well known to those skilled in the art and are defined in more detail from paragraphs

[8000] to

[8005] of reference RF1.

[0217] The present invention also relates to automotive shredded residues comprising at least 50 wt% of shredded polymer vehicle parts of the selected vehicle type.

[0218] Automotive debris is typically obtained through steps a), b), and c), preferably through these steps. Automotive debris is typically obtained through steps a), b), c), and e), preferably through these steps. Automotive debris is typically obtained through steps a), b), c), d), and e), preferably through these steps.

[0219] The selected vehicle type in the automotive debris preferably includes vehicle brand, vehicle sub-brand, multiple vehicle brands owned by the same automaker, vehicle model of a vehicle brand, model year of a vehicle model, or model year of a vehicle sub-brand.

[0220] The broken polymer vehicle parts in the automotive debris preferably contain at least 80 wt%, preferably at least 90 wt%, of target plastic fragments made from a selection of target plastic types: polyolefins, polyamides, polyurethanes, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, polyoxymethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, or mixtures thereof.

[0221] Automotive debris may contain at least 95 wt% fragments smaller than 12 cm in size.

[0222] Automotive debris may contain less than 0.1 wt% of cables, wires, and ropes with a length greater than 12 cm.

[0223] Automotive debris can contain up to 1 wt% of polyurethane foam fragments.

[0224] The automotive debris preferably contains less than 20 wt% crushed dust.

[0225] Figure 1 A portion of a possible flowchart is shown:

[0226] - Part A symbolizes collecting various vehicle types at the collection site (a square surrounding all vehicles).

[0227] -B section symbolizes the selected vehicle (dashed circle) that identifies the selected vehicle type (black convertible, symbolizing, for example, all vehicles of the Volkswagen brand).

[0228] -C symbolizes the crushing (two counter-rotating twin-shaft crushers with bottom discharge ports and no grid) crushing the feed (a dashed square around the black convertible) to produce car debris (the black, irregular fragments below the crushers).

[0229] Figure 2 A possible flowchart with a suitable process sequence for recycling automotive shredder residue is shown: starting with the collection of vehicles of various vehicle types, followed by optional decontamination, followed by optional dismantling, followed by identification of selected vehicles, followed by crushing of the shredder feed containing the selected vehicles, followed by optional separation of metal fragments from the crushed vehicles, then obtaining ASR, followed by optional separation of the ASR into crushed light fractions and crushed heavy fractions, followed by optional drying, followed by transportation of the automotive shredder residue to a recycling location, and then recycling the automotive shredder residue.

[0230] This invention allows for several advantages:

[0231] For example, when the crushed feed has the lowest possible quality or uniformity, the process parameters can be optimized and preset to optimal conditions. Similarly, when the ASR composition has the lowest possible quality or uniformity, the recycling process can be optimized and preset to optimal conditions. Furthermore, the quality of the product obtained after the recycling process will be improved, resulting in a more uniform recycled product.

[0232] Furthermore, automotive debris exhibits less segregation during transport; its improved flowability facilitates smooth discharge from the bottom unloading container, preventing blockages or rat holes. Transportation costs are also reduced, for example, due to the smaller volume of the automotive debris. Dust formation and static charge formation are also minimized during unloading.

Claims

1. A method for recycling automobile crushing residue, the method comprising the following steps: a) Collect vehicles of various vehicle types at the collection site; b) Identify selected vehicles of the selected vehicle type, wherein these vehicles include polymer vehicle parts; as well as c) Crushing the crushed feed containing at least 50 wt% of these selected vehicles to produce the vehicle crushing residue containing a mixture of plastic fragments.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, Clean the inside of the crusher before crushing the selected vehicle type.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The crushing was carried out using a vehicle crusher with a low retention volume.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, The crushing was carried out using a vehicle crusher, which is a twin-shaft crusher with two rotating cutting shafts and a bottom discharge port without a grid.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein, The crushing feed contains at least 80 wt% of these selected vehicles.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein, The selected vehicle type can be the vehicle brand, multiple vehicle brands owned by the same automaker, the vehicle model of the vehicle brand, the model year of the vehicle model, or the engine type of the vehicle model.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein, The method further includes step d) of transporting the automotive shredded residue to a recycling location without mixing it with external shredded residue.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein, The method further includes step e) of recycling the vehicle shredder residue at the recycling location.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein, The recycling of the automobile debris is carried out through pyrolysis, depolymerization, or gasification.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein, Metal fragments were separated from the wreckage of the car.

11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein, The car debris contained less than 5 wt% metal fragments.

12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein, The plastic fragment mixture contains at least 80 wt%, preferably at least 90 wt%, of target plastic fragments made from a selection of the following target plastic types: polyolefins, polyamides, polyurethanes, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, polyoxymethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, or mixtures thereof.

13. A method, preferably the method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, comprising the following steps: - The automotive debris obtained by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 12 or the chemical material obtained by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 12 is converted to obtain product PRF1.

14. A method for recycling automobile crushing residue, the method comprising step e) of recycling the automobile crushing residue at a recycling location, wherein the automobile crushing residue is obtained by: a) Collect vehicles of various vehicle types at the collection site; b) Identify selected vehicles of the selected vehicle type, wherein these vehicles include polymer vehicle parts; as well as c) Crushing the crushed feed containing at least 50 wt% of these selected vehicles to produce the vehicle crushing residue containing a mixture of plastic fragments; and optionally... d) Transport the vehicle shredded waste to the recycling location without mixing it with external shredded waste.

15. An automotive debris residue as defined in any one of claims 1 to 13, comprising at least 50 wt% of broken polymer vehicle parts of the selected vehicle type.

16. The automotive debris according to claim 15, wherein, The selected vehicle type can be the vehicle brand, multiple vehicle brands owned by the same automaker, the vehicle model of the vehicle brand, the model year of the vehicle model, or the engine type of the vehicle model.

17. The automotive debris according to claim 15 or 16, wherein, These broken polymer vehicle parts contain at least 80 wt%, preferably at least 90 wt%, of target plastic fragments made from a selection of target plastic types: polyolefins, polyamides, polyurethanes, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, polyoxymethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, or mixtures thereof.

18. The automobile debris according to any one of claims 15 to 17, wherein, The car debris contained at least 95 wt% fragments smaller than 12 cm in size.

19. The automobile debris according to any one of claims 15 to 18, wherein, The car debris contained less than 0.1 wt% of cables, wires, and ropes longer than 12 cm.

20. The automobile debris according to any one of claims 15 to 19, wherein, The car debris contained up to 1 wt% of polyurethane foam fragments.

21. The automotive waste fractionation according to any one of claims 15 to 20, wherein, The car debris contained less than 20 wt% of crushed dust.

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