A special rotten bacteria agent matching deep ploughing and field returning process for straw returning to field

Abstract

The application discloses a special matured bacterial agent matching deep ploughing and field returning process for straw returning, and belongs to the technical field of straw returning improvement. The process comprises the following steps: after straw is crushed and spread, compound matured bacterial agent and urea are applied and ploughing is performed in a limited time; the bacterial agent contains lignocellulose degrading bacteria, disease inhibiting bacteria, nitrogen fixing bacteria and low temperature bacteria. Vertical cross layer deep ploughing is adopted, shallow ploughing is performed first, then deep ploughing is performed, the material is buried in the ploughing layer, an aerobic and anaerobic alternating micro environment for maturation is formed, and high temperature insect killing is performed; after ploughing, light compaction is performed, soil moisture is dynamically controlled, the decomposition rate is regularly detected, and sowing is performed after the decomposition rate reaches the standard; nitrogen fertilizer is applied in sections, and phosphorus and potassium are applied as base fertilizer; the process for paddy fields is simplified as follows: after shallow water soaking, rotary ploughing is performed to bury straw and make it decompose. The application also provides the special bacterial agent. The process is suitable for dry land, paddy fields, saline-alkali land and low temperature land, can improve the decomposition rate, reduce the yellow seedling rate and diseases, break the plough sole, improve the soil structure, improve the organic matter, realizes efficient straw decomposition and coordinated improvement of soil fertility.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of crop straw return to the field improvement technology, specifically to a straw return to the field special composting microbial agent and a deep plowing process. Background Technology

[0002] Returning crop straw to the field is a core agronomic technology for improving soil organic matter, repairing soil compaction, and realizing the resource recycling of agricultural waste. It is widely used in the large-scale planting and production of major crops such as wheat, corn, and rice. In my country's dryland farming areas in the north and rice-growing areas in the south, there is a common characteristic of high straw production and concentrated straw return operations. Therefore, the resource-based return of straw to the field is an important means to ensure the sustainable improvement of soil fertility.

[0003] Currently, conventional straw return to the field operations are extensive and lack standardization. Most operations employ simple straw crushing, shallow burial, and random application of microorganisms. The industry generally suffers from numerous technical shortcomings: there is no quantitative control over the particle size of straw crushing, resulting in inconsistent lengths and uneven spreading, which easily leads to localized straw accumulation and asynchronous decomposition; conventional commercial decomposition microbial agents have a single microbial community and weak environmental resistance, lacking low-temperature tolerance and UV protection. Under the low-temperature open-air operation conditions in autumn and winter, the activity of the microbial strains decreases significantly, and the straw decomposition rate is significantly reduced. Traditional tillage is mostly shallow and single-pass tillage, which cannot break up the plow pan. Straw is concentrated in the shallow soil, which can easily lead to problems such as soil erosion, moisture loss and air leakage, and seedling yellowing due to nitrogen depletion by microorganisms. Existing technology lacks a closed-loop management system. Without time-limited tillage, dynamic moisture control, layered decomposition, and quantitative monitoring mechanisms, the degree of straw decomposition is uncontrollable, and incomplete and uneven decomposition occurs frequently. Traditional technology has poor adaptability to various scenarios and cannot simultaneously meet the differentiated needs of returning straw to the field in dry land, paddy fields, saline-alkali land, and low-temperature autumn and winter land.

[0004] In summary, existing publicly available straw composting technologies mostly focus on improving single microbial strains or optimizing single farming methods. They generally suffer from poor composting stability, weak soil improvement effects, narrow application range, and insufficient field applicability, making it difficult to meet the needs of large-scale, standardized, and multi-condition straw return to the field production.

[0005] Therefore, developing a straw-returning composting microbial agent with strong microbial resistance, standardized procedures, quantifiable parameters, and adaptability to multiple scenarios, along with a deep plowing and returning process, is an urgent need in the field of agricultural straw resource utilization and arable land conservation. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a straw-returning composting microbial agent combined with a deep plowing and returning process. This process, through the compounding of a multifunctional stress-resistant composting microbial agent, integrates a closed-loop process encompassing refined straw treatment, timed application of microbial agents, vertical cross-layered deep plowing, moisture retention and control, and segmented monitoring. This constructs a multi-level microenvironment composting system, solving the problems of low composting efficiency, poor stability, weak adaptability to various scenarios, susceptibility to yellowing seedlings, and limited soil improvement effects associated with traditional technologies.

[0007] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution: This invention provides a straw-returning-to-field-specific composting microbial agent combined with a deep-plowing-to-field process, comprising the following steps: S1. Refined and uniform straw scattering: After crop harvesting, straw is shredded using straw shredding equipment and evenly spread on the ground. The straw length is controlled to be 3-5cm, and the proportion of straw longer than 5cm is ≤20%. Plastic film and debris in the field are also removed. S2. Time-limited and precise application of compound materials: After the straw is laid flat, mix the straw-returning special composting agent with urea nitrogen adjuvant evenly and spread it throughout the entire area; apply 2-3 kg of composting agent and 5-10 kg of urea per mu; complete deep plowing within 2 hours after the material is applied to avoid the inactivation of the inoculum by light; the composting agent contains lignocellulose-degrading bacteria, disease-suppressing Bacillus, nitrogen-fixing and growth-promoting bacteria, and low-temperature tolerant strains. The low-temperature tolerant strains account for 10%-30% of the total weight of the agent, making it suitable for straw return operations in low-temperature fields with an average daily temperature below 10℃; S3. Vertical Cross-Layered Deep Tillage: A tractor with a power of ≥110kW and a hydraulic reversible plow is used for operation. Before operation, the compaction of the 0-40cm soil layer is checked. The plowing angle and driving speed are adjusted according to the soil compaction distribution to break up the plow bottom layer. Two vertical cross-tillage methods are used. The first tillage is carried out along the crop planting row for 20-25cm, and the second tillage is carried out perpendicular to the planting row for 30-40cm. The overall tillage depth is controlled at 25-40cm. Straw, microbial agents, and nitrogen fertilizer are buried in layers in the middle tillage layer of 18-35cm to create a deep aerobic-anaerobic alternating decomposition microenvironment. The decomposition process can generate a high temperature of 55-65℃ to kill insect eggs, weed seeds and soil-borne pathogens carried by straw. S4. Light compaction for moisture retention pretreatment: After deep plowing, the soil is lightly compacted using a compaction roller. The compaction pressure is controlled at 30-50 kPa to compact the large pores in the soil, improve the tightness of the straw and inoculant, and reduce soil moisture evaporation. For heavy clay soils, a secondary rotary tillage process is added to completely eliminate the gaps between the straw and the soil. S5. Dynamic quantitative soil moisture control: Detect the soil moisture content in the 0-20cm soil layer. When the soil moisture content is lower than 60% of the field capacity, drip irrigation or sprinkler irrigation is used to replenish the soil moisture. The irrigation water volume is quantitatively controlled according to the difference between the actual soil moisture content and 60% of the field capacity, so that the soil moisture content is stably maintained at 60%-70% of the field capacity, ensuring continuous and efficient decomposition by microorganisms. For autumn and winter operation plots, all processes are completed before freezing, utilizing the winter-spring freeze-thaw cycle to synergistically degrade straw lignin. S6. Segmented Decomposition Monitoring and Differentiated Sowing Control: The straw decomposition rate is tested using the weight loss method at 7, 14, and 21 days after returning the straw to the field. Sowing operations are carried out after the straw weight loss rate is ≥50% and the decomposition is deemed to have reached the standard. Nitrogen fertilizer is applied in a segmented manner, with two applications: basal fertilizer and topdressing at the jointing stage of the crop. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is applied once as basal fertilizer. Light compaction is carried out twice after sowing. For plots that have implemented this process for many years, deep loosening operations are added every 2 to 3 years. For paddy fields, a simplified procedure is adopted: after straw is crushed and spread, microbial agents and urea are sprayed, and the straw is soaked in 2 to 4 cm shallow water for 3 to 5 days. Then, the straw is buried by rotary tillage at a depth of 18 to 22 cm. After water retention and sealed decomposition for more than 20 days, the rice seedlings are transplanted.

[0008] Furthermore, the lignocellulose-degrading bacteria are Trichoderma viride and Streptomyces albopictus; the disease-inhibiting bacteria are Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus stearothermophilus; the low-temperature tolerant strains are low-temperature tolerant lactic acid bacteria; and the inoculant uses a compound carrier of humic acid, wheat bran, and rice bran, which is suitable for straw composting operations in low-temperature fields.

[0009] Furthermore, a straw composting agent with a high humic acid carrier ratio, suitable for saline-alkali farmland, can synergistically regulate the pH of the topsoil and adapt to the straw composting operation conditions in saline-alkali land.

[0010] Furthermore, in the S4 compaction process, a flat steel compaction roller is used, and the single compaction speed is controlled at 4-7 km / h. This ensures that the straw and the inoculant adhere tightly while avoiding excessive compaction and hardening of the surface soil.

[0011] Furthermore, the S5 irrigation system adopts a quantitative moisture control method. The amount of irrigation water is calculated based on the difference between the actual soil moisture content and 60% of the field capacity. After irrigation, the soil moisture content does not exceed 70% of the field capacity, thus maintaining a stable soil water environment suitable for microbial decomposition.

[0012] Furthermore, in S6, the straw decomposition rate is tested using a multi-point uniform sampling method. The sampling points are evenly distributed at the four corners and the center of the field. Each group of samples is tested twice in parallel, and the average value is used as the basis for judging the straw decomposition, ensuring that the test results are accurate and reliable.

[0013] Furthermore, in the simplified straw return process of S6 paddy fields, the water depth in the field is strictly controlled to be 2-4 cm during the shallow water soaking stage. The shallow water oxygen-free microenvironment activates the biological activity of low-temperature tolerant strains and improves the straw decomposition efficiency in paddy fields during low-temperature periods.

[0014] In S3, a portable soil compaction tester is used to test the compaction of the 0-40cm soil layer at multiple points. The average compaction value of the soil layer is used as the adjustment benchmark for the plowshare entry angle and the speed of the implement. This accurately breaks up the plow bottom layer with different degrees of compaction. In S3, the two plowing operations are perpendicular to each other. The first plowing is shallow and loosens the bottom soil along the crop planting row. The second plowing is deep and perpendicular to each other, so that straw, inoculants and fertilizers are evenly distributed in multiple layers in the soil profile, achieving the effect of stratified and gradient decomposition of the soil profile.

[0015] This invention also provides a straw-returning composting agent adapted to the above-mentioned process, comprising, by weight: 25-30 samples of lignocellulose-degrading bacteria 18-22 samples of disease-inhibiting bacteria 10-18 samples of low-temperature tolerant strains 35-45 parts of humic acid composite carrier 8-12 parts of wheat bran and rice bran mixed with auxiliary materials; The lignocellulose-degrading microbial community is a combination of *Trichoderma viride* and *Streptomyces albopictus*. The disease-suppressing bacterial group is a combination of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus stearothermophilus. The low-temperature tolerant strain is a low-temperature resistant lactic acid bacteria; The effective viable count of the bacterial agent is ≥2.0×10⁻⁶. 8 For CFU / g, add 2-5 parts by weight of amino acid protectant in liquid dosage form.

[0016] The beneficial effects achieved by the present invention using the above technical solution are as follows: This invention employs a synergistic design of specialized stress-resistant bacterial agents and a fully quantitative process. Through a multi-microbial compound system, it simultaneously achieves straw lignocellulose degradation, soil-borne disease inhibition, and low-temperature stress resistance survival. It also relies on amino acid protectants and humic acid carriers to enhance the field stability and soil compatibility of the bacterial strains.

[0017] By meticulously spreading straw evenly and timely tilling to preserve microbial activity, combined with vertical cross-layered deep tilling to create a multi-level composting microenvironment in the tillage layer, and utilizing light compaction and quantitative moisture control to match the optimal reproductive and metabolic conditions for microorganisms, along with segmented composting monitoring and segmented fertilization management, the problems of disordered composting and unstable effects in traditional processes are completely solved.

[0018] Through differentiated working condition adaptation design, it can be adapted to dry land, paddy fields, saline-alkali land, and low-temperature autumn and winter plots. While achieving efficient straw decomposition, it breaks up the soil plow pan, reduces the base number of pests, diseases and weeds in the field, optimizes the soil aggregate structure, and increases the organic matter content of cultivated land, realizing the multi-dimensional synergistic improvement of straw resource utilization and cultivated land fertility. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the overall process steps of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a bar chart comparing the composting performance of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the layered deep turning cross section of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The following will be combined with the appendix of the present invention. Figures 1-3 The technical solutions of the present invention are clearly and completely described in the examples and embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] It should be noted that the strains of *Trichoderma viride*, *Streptomyces albopictus*, *Bacillus subtilis*, *Bacillus stearothermophilus*, and *Lactobacillus pyrolyticus* used in this invention are all commercially available strains and can be purchased through conventional commercial channels.

[0022] Preparation of the microbial agent: According to the weight ratio, 28 parts of lignocellulose-degrading bacteria, 20 parts of disease-inhibiting bacteria, 15 parts of low-temperature tolerant strains, 40 parts of humic acid carrier, and 10 parts of wheat bran and rice bran mixture were selected. Among them, *Trichoderma viride* and *Streptomyces albopictus* were combined as the lignocellulose-degrading bacteria, *Bacillus subtilis* and *Bacillus stearothermophilus* were combined as the disease-inhibiting bacteria, and low-temperature tolerant lactic acid bacteria were used as the low-temperature tolerant strains. Solid microbial agents were prepared through liquid fermentation, adsorption and inoculation, and low-temperature granulation, with an effective viable count ≥ 2.0 × 10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g; liquid dosage form with 3 parts by weight of amino acid protectant. The finished product should be stored at 0–25℃ in a sealed, light-protected condition for a shelf life of ≥180 days.

[0023] Example 1: Standard process for returning wheat straw to the field in conventional dryland areas S1. Refined and uniformly spread straw: After wheat harvest, straw is crushed and processed to control the straw length to 3-5cm, with over-length straw accounting for 16%. The field is cleaned of plastic film and debris, and the straw is spread evenly on the ground.

[0024] S2. Time-limited and precise application of compound materials: Evenly spread 2.5 kg of self-made composting agent and 8 kg of urea per acre. Start deep plowing within 1.8 hours after spreading to avoid the risk of light-induced inactivation and adapt to the low temperature operation environment of 8-10℃ in autumn and winter.

[0025] S3. Vertical cross-layered progressive deep plowing: A 110kW tractor equipped with a hydraulic reversible moldboard plow is used to operate the plow. The compaction of the soil layer from 0 to 40cm is tested and the machine parameters are dynamically adjusted. The plowing depth is 22cm along the planting row and 35cm vertically to the planting row. The overall plowing depth is maintained at 25 to 40cm. Straw, microbial agents, and fertilizers are buried in layers in the middle layer of the plowing layer to create an alternating microenvironment for decomposition. The peak decomposition temperature is 55 to 65℃.

[0026] S4. Light compaction and moisture retention pretreatment: After deep plowing, steel compaction rollers are used at a walking speed of 5km / h and a compaction pressure of 40kPa to compact the soil pores and improve the material adhesion. This plot is conventional loam and does not require secondary rotary tillage.

[0027] S5. Dynamic quantitative soil moisture control: Detect the soil moisture content in the 0-20cm soil layer, and maintain the soil moisture content at 60%-70% of field capacity through sprinkler irrigation. Utilize the winter-spring freeze-thaw cycle to assist in the degradation of straw lignin.

[0028] S6. Segmented decomposition monitoring and sowing control: Samples were taken at multiple points at 7, 14 and 21 days after the straw was returned to the field. The decomposition rate was tested by the weight loss method. The straw weight loss rate was 58.5% at 21 days. Sowing operations were carried out after the standard was met. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied twice, as basal fertilizer and top dressing at the jointing stage. Deep loosening was carried out every two years for the land that had been returned to the field for many years.

[0029] Example 2: Adapted technology for returning rice straw to paddy fields After rice harvest, the straw is crushed and spread evenly. Apply 2 kg of composting agent and 5 kg of urea per mu. Soak the rice in a shallow water layer of 2-4 cm for 3-5 days to activate the low-temperature tolerant strains. After soaking, rotary tillage is carried out to a depth of 20 cm to bury the straw. Keep it moist and sealed for composting for more than 20 days. After the composting reaches the standard, transplant the rice seedlings. The rest of the field management is the same as in Example 1.

[0030] Example 3: Adapted technology for returning corn stalks to saline-alkali land A special composting agent with a high humic acid carrier ratio is selected to suit the acid-alkaline environment of saline-alkali soil. The entire process adopts the standard closed-loop procedure of Example 1, which precisely controls straw particle size, material application rate, timed plowing, cross-deep plowing, compaction to retain moisture, quantitative moisture control and segmented monitoring to achieve stable and efficient composting of straw in saline-alkali land.

[0031] To fully verify the synergistic innovation advantages of the special microbial agent formula, closed-loop quantitative process, and multi-scenario adaptability system of this invention, multiple comparative ratios were set up, and the soil substrate, straw inventory, water and fertilizer management and testing standards were unified to carry out a 21-day standardized control experiment.

[0032] Comparative Example 1: Traditional extensive straw return process: straw is simply crushed, with uneven particle size, and over 40% of the straw is extra-long; no debris is cleared from the field; ordinary commercial microbial agents are applied without urea to adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio; the straw is left in the open for more than 6 hours after application before tilling; shallow tilling of 15-18cm is used in a single tillage, without cross-tillage, without compaction to control moisture, without quantitative monitoring of decomposition, and the straw is directly sown after natural decomposition.

[0033] Comparative Example 2: Conventional single straw return process: using ordinary compound microbial agents in combination with shallow tillage, without low-temperature resistant strains, without UV protection additives, without time-limited construction control and dynamic moisture control technology, only completing the basic straw burial operation.

[0034] Performance Testing and Result Comparison All groups of tests were conducted under the same testing conditions, sampling methods, and testing standards. The specific performance index comparison results are shown in the table below: Table 1 Comparison of composting performance and soil improvement effect among different experimental groups Table 2 Comparison of Core Process Parameters and Functions of the Invention Analysis of Experimental Conclusions Multiple parallel control experiments clearly demonstrate that this invention, through a multifunctional anti-stress bacteria compound system combined with a fully quantitative closed-loop process, achieves a significant synergistic effect. Compared to traditional extensive processes and conventional single-stage straw return processes, the straw decomposition rate in each embodiment of this invention is significantly improved, and the soil organic matter improvement and soil-borne disease inhibition effects are far superior to the comparative examples. It can effectively solve industry pain points such as stagnation of decomposition in low-temperature environments, yellowing seedlings, soil compaction, and water and fertilizer loss. Furthermore, through differentiated chemical condition adaptation design, this invention can achieve stable operation in multiple scenarios including dry land, paddy fields, saline-alkali land, and low-temperature plots. It overcomes the technical shortcomings of traditional technologies, such as poor adaptability, unstable decomposition effects, and single-dimensional improvement, exhibiting unexpected technical effects and demonstrating outstanding creativity, practicality, and field promotion value.

[0035] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles and main features of the present invention, as well as its advantages. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or basic characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-limiting in all respects. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Therefore, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention, and no reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0036] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A special composting microbial agent for straw returning to the field, combined with a deep plowing and returning process, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Refined and uniform straw scattering: After crop harvesting, straw is shredded using straw shredding equipment and evenly spread on the ground. The straw length is controlled to be 3-5cm, and the proportion of straw longer than 5cm is ≤20%. Plastic film and debris in the field are also removed. S2. Time-limited and precise application of compound materials: After the straw is laid flat, mix the straw-returning special composting agent with urea nitrogen adjuvant evenly and spread it throughout the entire area; apply 2-3 kg of composting agent and 5-10 kg of urea per mu; complete deep plowing within 2 hours after the material is applied to avoid the inactivation of the inoculum by light; the composting agent contains lignocellulose-degrading bacteria, disease-suppressing Bacillus, nitrogen-fixing and growth-promoting bacteria, and low-temperature tolerant strains. The low-temperature tolerant strains account for 10%-30% of the total weight of the agent, making it suitable for straw return operations in low-temperature fields with an average daily temperature below 10℃; S3. Vertical Cross-Layered Deep Tillage: A tractor with a power of ≥110kW and a hydraulic reversible plow is used for operation. Before operation, the compaction of the 0-40cm soil layer is checked. The plowing angle and driving speed are adjusted according to the soil compaction distribution to break up the plow bottom layer. Two vertical cross-tillage methods are used. The first tillage is carried out along the crop planting row for 20-25cm, and the second tillage is carried out perpendicular to the planting row for 30-40cm. The overall tillage depth is controlled at 25-40cm. Straw, microbial agents, and nitrogen fertilizer are buried in layers in the middle tillage layer of 18-35cm to create a deep aerobic-anaerobic alternating decomposition microenvironment. The decomposition process can generate a high temperature of 55-65℃ to kill insect eggs, weed seeds and soil-borne pathogens carried by straw. S4. Light compaction for moisture retention pretreatment: After deep plowing, the soil is lightly compacted using a compaction roller. The compaction pressure is controlled at 30-50 kPa to compact the large pores in the soil, improve the tightness of the straw and inoculant, and reduce soil moisture evaporation. For heavy clay soils, a secondary rotary tillage process is added to completely eliminate the gaps between the straw and the soil. S5. Dynamic quantitative soil moisture control: Detect the soil moisture content in the 0-20cm soil layer. When the soil moisture content is lower than 60% of the field capacity, drip irrigation or sprinkler irrigation is used to replenish the soil moisture. The irrigation water volume is quantitatively controlled according to the difference between the actual soil moisture content and 60% of the field capacity, so that the soil moisture content is stably maintained at 60%-70% of the field capacity, ensuring continuous and efficient decomposition by microorganisms. For autumn and winter operation plots, all processes are completed before freezing, utilizing the winter-spring freeze-thaw cycle to synergistically degrade straw lignin. S6. Segmented Decomposition Monitoring and Differentiated Sowing Control: The straw decomposition rate is tested using the weight loss method at 7, 14, and 21 days after returning the straw to the field. Sowing operations are carried out after the straw weight loss rate is ≥50% and the decomposition is deemed to have reached the standard. Nitrogen fertilizer is applied in a segmented manner, with two applications: basal fertilizer and topdressing at the jointing stage of the crop. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is applied once as basal fertilizer. Light compaction is carried out twice after sowing. For plots that have implemented this process for many years, deep loosening operations are added every 2 to 3 years. For paddy fields, a simplified procedure is adopted: after straw is crushed and spread, microbial agents and urea are sprayed, and the straw is soaked in 2 to 4 cm shallow water for 3 to 5 days. Then, the straw is buried by rotary tillage at a depth of 18 to 22 cm. After water retention and sealed decomposition for more than 20 days, the rice seedlings are transplanted.

2. The straw-returning-to-field-specific composting microbial agent and deep plowing-to-field-returning process according to claim 1, characterized in that, The straw-returning composting microbial agent is a compound functional microbial agent, specifically including: lignocellulose-degrading microorganisms such as *Trichoderma viride* and *Streptomyces albopictus*; disease-inhibiting microorganisms such as *Bacillus subtilis* and *Bacillus stearothermophilus*; and low-temperature tolerant strains such as low-temperature tolerant lactic acid bacteria. The agent uses humic acid, wheat bran, and rice bran as a compound carrier, suitable for straw composting operations in low-temperature fields.

3. The straw-returning-to-field-specific composting microbial agent and deep plowing-to-field-returning process according to claim 1, characterized in that, A special composting agent for straw return to the field with a high humic acid carrier ratio is suitable for saline-alkali farmland. It can synergistically regulate the pH of the topsoil and is suitable for straw composting operations in saline-alkali land.

4. The straw-returning-to-field-specific composting microbial agent and deep plowing-to-field-returning process according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the S4 compaction process, a flat steel compaction roller is used, and the single compaction speed is controlled at 4-7 km / h. This ensures that the straw and the inoculant adhere tightly, while avoiding excessive compaction and hardening of the surface soil.

5. The straw-returning-to-field-specific composting microbial agent and deep plowing-to-field-returning process according to claim 1, characterized in that, S5 irrigation uses a quantitative moisture control method. The amount of irrigation water is calculated based on the difference between the actual soil moisture content and 60% of the field capacity. After irrigation, the soil moisture content does not exceed 70% of the field capacity, thus maintaining a stable soil water environment suitable for microbial decomposition.

6. The straw-returning-to-field-specific composting microbial agent and deep plowing-to-field-returning process according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S6, the straw decomposition rate is tested using a multi-point uniform sampling method. Sampling points are evenly distributed at the four corners and the center of the field. Each group of samples is tested twice in parallel, and the average value is used as the basis for judging the straw decomposition, ensuring that the test results are accurate and reliable.

7. The straw-returning-to-field-specific composting microbial agent and deep plowing-to-field-returning process according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the S6 simplified straw return process in paddy fields, the water depth in the shallow water soaking stage is strictly controlled to be 2-4cm. The shallow water oxygen-free microenvironment activates the biological activity of low-temperature tolerant strains and improves the straw decomposition efficiency in paddy fields during low-temperature periods.

8. The straw-returning-to-field-specific composting microbial agent and deep plowing-to-field-returning process according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S3, a portable soil compaction tester is used to test the compaction of the soil layer from 0 to 40 cm at multiple points. The average compaction value of the soil layer is taken as the adjustment benchmark for the plowshare entry angle and the speed of the implement, so as to accurately break up the plow layer with different degrees of compaction.

9. The straw-returning-to-field-specific composting microbial agent and deep plowing-to-field-returning process according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S3, the two tillage operations are perpendicular to each other. The first tillage is shallow and loosens the subsoil along the crop planting row, and the second tillage is deep and perpendicular to each other, so that straw, microbial agents and fertilizers are evenly distributed in multiple layers on the soil profile, achieving a layered and gradient decomposition effect on the soil profile.

10. A composting agent, characterized in that, By weight, it consists of the following components: 20-35 samples of lignocellulose-degrading bacteria 15-25 samples of disease-inhibiting bacteria 10-20 samples of low-temperature tolerant strains 30-50 parts of humic acid carrier 5-15 parts of wheat bran and rice bran mixed with auxiliary materials; The effective viable count in solid dosage form is not less than 2.0 × 10⁻⁶. 8 CFU / g, The effective viable count of the liquid diluent is not less than 5.0 × 10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / mL; The liquid diluent-type bacterial agent is supplemented with 2-5 parts by weight of amino acid protectant to enhance the field UV tolerance of the bacterial strain; the storage environment temperature of the bacterial agent is controlled at 0-25℃.

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