Efficient peanut planting device and method

Abstract

The application relates to the field of crop planting, in particular to a high-efficiency peanut planting device and method, wherein the device comprises a rack, a fertilizing unit, a seeding unit and a film-hanging support arranged on the rack, L-shaped slide rods are symmetrically arranged on the rack, the vertical rod parts of the L-shaped slide rods are in vertical sliding fit with the rack, the vertical rod part bottoms of the L-shaped slide rods are rotationally connected with soil covering discs, adjusting assemblies are arranged on the L-shaped slide rods, a plurality of sliding grooves are formed in the rack and located below the L-shaped slide rods, wedge-shaped blocks are horizontally and slidingly fitted in the sliding grooves, a plurality of supports corresponding to the wedge-shaped blocks are fixedly connected to the rack, rotating cylinders are rotationally connected to the supports, connecting rods are fixedly connected to the rotating cylinders, and the other ends of the connecting rods are rotationally connected with rolling cylinders, and transmission assemblies are arranged on the wedge-shaped blocks. The application can automatically increase the pressure of the rolling cylinders on the soil at the edges of the film in soft soil such as sandy soil, reduce the risk of film lifting caused by strong wind, and reduce the influence on the peanut planting efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of crop cultivation, specifically to a high-efficiency peanut cultivation device and method. Background Technology

[0002] Peanuts are an important oilseed crop and cash crop in my country, occupying a key position in agricultural production. They are widely planted, from the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain to the black soil of Northeast China and the arid areas of Northwest China. With the rapid development of agricultural mechanization, peanut planting methods have gradually shifted from traditional manual sowing to mechanized and large-scale operations. Various integrated planting equipment have emerged, greatly improving planting efficiency and standardization.

[0003] Currently, peanut cultivation in China generally adopts an integrated operation mode of sowing, fertilization, and mulching. For example, the Yuming Machinery 2CMF-2 single-ridge double-row sowing, fertilization, mulching, and drip irrigation integrated machine integrates a fertilization system, a precision sowing system, a mulching mechanism, and a drip irrigation laying device. During operation, it can complete multiple processes such as furrowing, fertilization, sowing, covering, mulching, and pressing in one go. Its core structure includes: the main frame supports all functional modules; the fertilization unit applies a quantitative amount of fertilizer to the soil through a feed hopper and fertilizer dispenser; the sowing unit uses a pneumatic or mechanical seed dispenser to achieve single-seed precision sowing; the mulching support is responsible for the unfolding and initial positioning of the mulch film, and the matching soil covering disc covers the soil on the edge of the mulch film to complete the fixation. This integrated equipment reduces the number of field operations, compresses the multi-stage process of the traditional planting mode into a single operation, and increases planting efficiency by 3-5 times. At the same time, through precise sowing and fertilization, it reduces the loss of seeds and fertilizers.

[0004] In actual use of the Yuming Machinery 2CMF-2 single-ridge double-row sowing, fertilizing, mulching, and drip irrigation integrated machine for peanut planting, especially in arid and windy areas in Northwest China such as Xinjiang, the soil in these areas is sandy and loose, and strong winds are frequent in spring. Mulching relies solely on the soil-covering discs to pile soil at the edge of the mulch film. The soil's own weight and adhesion are insufficient to form a sufficient fixing force. When encountering strong winds, the edge of the mulch film is easily lifted by the wind, which can lead to the entire mulch film being blown over or torn. After the mulch film fails, the rate of soil moisture evaporation increases sharply, and the soil moisture content in the sowing layer decreases, affecting the germination and emergence of peanut seeds. At the same time, without the heat preservation effect of the mulch film, the soil temperature fluctuates more, delaying the growth process of peanut seedlings. In severe cases, it leads to a decrease in the emergence rate, thereby reducing the planting efficiency of peanuts.

[0005] Therefore, this invention proposes a highly efficient peanut planting device and method to solve the above-mentioned problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a highly efficient peanut planting device and method. By automatically increasing the pressure of the pressing roller on the soil edge of the mulch film in loose soil such as sandy soil, the risk of strong winds blowing off the film is reduced, thus minimizing the impact on peanut planting efficiency.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A high-efficiency peanut planting device includes a frame, on which a fertilization unit, a sowing unit, and a film-hanging support are provided. L-shaped sliding rods are symmetrically arranged on the side of the frame away from the fertilization unit. Each vertical section of the L-shaped sliding rod is provided with a sliding element. The vertical sections of the L-shaped sliding rods are vertically slidably engaged with the frame via the sliding elements. A soil-covering disc is rotatably connected to the bottom of each vertical section of the L-shaped sliding rod. Each vertical section of the L-shaped sliding rod is provided with a function to adjust the L-shaped sliding rod according to the resistance encountered by the soil-covering disc. The adjustment components include several sliding grooves on the frame located below the L-shaped slide rods. Each sliding groove contains a wedge block that slides laterally. The inclined surface of the wedge block is lower on the side closer to the fertilization unit than on the other side. Several supports corresponding to the wedge blocks are fixedly connected to the side of the frame away from the fertilization unit. Each support is rotatably connected to a rotating drum, and each rotating drum is fixedly connected to a connecting rod. Each connecting rod is rotatably connected to a pressing roller. Each wedge block is equipped with a transmission component that controls the swing of the pressing roller according to the displacement of the L-shaped slide rod to adjust the pressure of the pressing roller on the soil.

[0008] The technical principle of the above scheme is as follows: When the frame moves forward, while the film is laid through the film support, the covering plate contacts the soil at the edge of the film for covering. At this time, the L-shaped sliding rod is in the initial position, and the pressing roller is at the initial pressing angle. When the covering plate encounters harder soil, the reaction force of the soil on the covering plate increases, pushing the L-shaped sliding rod to slide upward along the sliding member. At this time, the crossbar part of the L-shaped sliding rod does not contact the wedge block, so that the pressing roller maintains the initial pressing angle and pressure, avoiding excessive compaction of the hard soil and soil compaction. When the covering plate... When the soil resistance decreases, i.e. when the soil is loose, the soil covering plate moves downward through the adjustment component, increasing the amount of soil covering. At the same time, the downward movement of the soil covering plate causes the L-shaped sliding rod to descend. At this time, the horizontal part of the L-shaped sliding rod contacts the inclined surface of the wedge block and applies pressure to the wedge block. The downward pressure is converted into lateral thrust through the inclined surface of the wedge block. The lateral movement of the wedge block is converted into the rotation of the drum through the transmission component. The drum drives the connecting rod and the pressing roller to rotate downward, thereby increasing the pressure of the pressing roller on the soil and improving the fixing force of the mulch film.

[0009] The above approach has the following beneficial effects:

[0010] 1. This solution adjusts the pressing pressure of the pressing roller according to the hardness of the soil. When pressing hard soil, the initial pressing pressure is maintained to reduce the risk of soil compaction. When pressing soft soil, the pressing pressure is increased to improve the fixing force of the mulch film.

[0011] 2. This solution reduces the risk of sandy soil mulch being blown away by strong winds by adaptive adjustment of the pressure of the press roller, thereby reducing soil moisture evaporation rate and improving peanut planting efficiency.

[0012] 3. This plan improves the stability of soil temperature and peanut germination rate by enhancing the stability of the plastic film fixation.

[0013] Furthermore, each adjustment component includes a fixing ring on the side of the vertical rod of the L-shaped slide bar near the soil covering plate. The top of each fixing ring is fixedly connected to a spring sleeved on the L-shaped slide bar, and the top of each spring is fixedly connected to the bottom of the frame.

[0014] Beneficial effects: When the covering plate encounters hard soil and moves upward, the L-shaped sliding rod and the fixing ring move upward synchronously with the covering plate. The fixing ring compresses the spring. When the soil hardness decreases, the resistance of the soil to the covering plate decreases, the elastic potential energy of the spring is released, and the covering plate moves downward. The covering plate goes deeper into the soil to increase the amount of soil covering, so that the covering plate can dynamically adjust the covering depth according to the soil resistance.

[0015] Furthermore, each sliding component includes a through hole on the frame, and protrusions are symmetrically fixedly connected in each through hole. The vertical part of the L-shaped sliding rod has several limiting grooves corresponding to the protrusions.

[0016] Beneficial effects: The sliding cooperation between the protrusion and the limiting groove restricts the movement direction of the L-shaped slide bar, while limiting the soil covering depth range of the covering plate, ensuring the amount of soil covering the foundation.

[0017] Furthermore, both the limiting groove and the surface of the protrusion are coated with polytetrafluoroethylene.

[0018] Beneficial effects: The low coefficient of friction of the polytetrafluoroethylene coating improves the smoothness of the L-shaped slide bar.

[0019] Furthermore, each transmission component includes a rack, which is fixedly connected to the bottom of the corresponding wedge block. Gears are coaxially fixedly connected to the surface of each rotating drum, and each gear meshes with the corresponding rack.

[0020] Beneficial effects: When the wedge block slides along the sliding groove towards the side closer to the rotating drum, it drives the rack to move synchronously. Through the meshing relationship between the rack and the gear, the linear motion of the wedge block is converted into the rotational motion of the rotating drum, driving the rotating drum to rotate. The rotating drum drives the connecting rod and the pressing roller to swing to adjust the pressure of the pressing roller on the soil.

[0021] Furthermore, the press roller has a hollow internal structure, a counterweight inside, and a lock cover that can be detachably connected to one side of the press roller.

[0022] Beneficial effect: The initial pressing pressure can be adjusted by changing the weight of the counterweight inside the pressing roller.

[0023] Furthermore, the surface of the pressing rollers is provided with several evenly distributed protrusions.

[0024] Beneficial effects: The raised surfaces of the compaction rollers increase the contact pressure with the soil, thus improving the compaction effect.

[0025] Furthermore, the surface of the soil covering plate is coated with a wear-resistant coating.

[0026] Beneficial effects: The wear-resistant coating improves the hardness and wear resistance of the cover plate, extends its service life, and reduces wear during operation.

[0027] Furthermore, an efficient method for cultivating peanuts includes the following steps:

[0028] S1: Land preparation and ridging: Deep plow and harrow the planting land to a depth of 25-30 cm, and ridge according to the preset row spacing, with the ridge height controlled at 15-20 cm and the ridge width controlled at 40-50 cm.

[0029] S2: Fertilization: Through the fertilization unit, the fertilizer is evenly spread in the furrows, and the amount of fertilizer is controlled at 15-20 kg per mu;

[0030] S3: Sowing and covering with soil: Sow peanut seeds using the sowing unit according to the preset plant spacing, with the sowing depth controlled at 3-5 cm. After sowing, cover the seeds with soil, with the soil covering thickness controlled at 2-3 cm.

[0031] S4: Mulching and compaction: The mulch film is laid using the mulch film support frame, with the soil covering the edge of the mulch film being no less than 5 cm wide. Then, the soil is covered on both sides of the mulch film using a soil covering plate, and the soil after mulching is compacted using a compaction roller.

[0032] Furthermore, in step S4, the initial pressing pressure of the pressing roller is adjusted by adjusting the counterweight placed inside the pressing roller.

[0033] Beneficial effects: The process of land preparation and ridging, precise fertilization, precise sowing and covering with soil, and mulching and compaction can improve the standardization and precision of peanut planting. At the same time, the operation of the compaction roller, which can adjust the initial compaction pressure, can adjust the compaction intensity according to different soil textures and planting environments, further improving the firmness of the mulch film, reducing the damage to the mulch film caused by strong winds and other severe weather, thereby better maintaining the stability of soil moisture and temperature, creating a suitable environment for peanut seed germination and seedling growth, and improving the emergence rate and overall planting efficiency of peanut planting. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 This is an isometric view of an embodiment of the high-efficiency peanut planting device of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2This is a side structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the high-efficiency peanut planting device of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 This is an appendix to an embodiment of the high-efficiency peanut planting device of the present invention. Figure 2 Detailed drawing at point A;

[0037] Figure 4 This is a front sectional view of the L-shaped slide bar in an embodiment of the high-efficiency peanut planting device of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 5 This is an appendix to an embodiment of the high-efficiency peanut planting device of the present invention. Figure 4 Detailed drawing at point B;

[0039] Figure 6 This is a side sectional view of a wedge-shaped block in an embodiment of the high-efficiency peanut planting device of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 7 This is a step diagram illustrating an embodiment of the efficient peanut cultivation method of the present invention.

[0041] The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings of the instruction manual include: 1. Frame; 2. Fertilizer application unit; 3. Seeding unit; 4. Film hanging support; 5. L-shaped slide bar; 6. Soil covering plate; 7. Wedge block; 8. Support; 9. Rotary drum; 10. Connecting rod; 11. Press roller; 12. Fixing ring; 13. Spring; 14. Through hole; 15. Protrusion; 16. Limiting groove. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0043] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0044] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0045] The following detailed description illustrates the specific implementation method:

[0046] Example 1:

[0047] As attached Figure 1 and attached Figure 2 As shown: A high-efficiency peanut planting device includes a frame 1, on which a fertilization unit 2, a sowing unit 3, and a film-covering support 4 are provided. The fertilization unit 2 and the sowing unit 3 are designed with reference to the Yuming Machinery 2CMF-2 single-ridge double-row sowing, fertilization, film-covering, and drip irrigation integrated machine. After the peanut seeds are sown, the soil moisture evaporation is reduced and the soil temperature is kept relatively stable by covering the film, providing a suitable environment for peanut growth. However, the film relies solely on the soil piled up at the edge of the film. The soil's own weight and adhesion are insufficient to form a sufficient fixing force, which makes the edge of the film easily lifted by the wind when encountering strong winds. This is especially true in arid and windy areas in the northwest such as Xinjiang, where not only is the wind strong, but the soil is also mostly sandy and loose, which further reduces the soil's fixing force on the film, thereby increasing the risk of the film being lifted, affecting the peanut's growth environment, and thus reducing the peanut planting efficiency.

[0048] To improve the stability of plastic film mulching in sandy soil areas and provide a relatively stable growing environment for peanuts, as shown in the attached... Figure 2 Appendix Figure 3 Appendix Figure 4 and attached Figure 6As shown, L-shaped slide bars 5 are symmetrically arranged on the side of the frame 1 away from the fertilization unit 2. Each vertical section of the L-shaped slide bar 5 is equipped with a sliding element, and the vertical sections of the L-shaped slide bars 5 are vertically slidably engaged with the frame 1 via the sliding elements. A soil covering plate 6 (the surface of the soil covering plate 6 is coated with a wear-resistant coating to improve its hardness and wear resistance, and extend its service life) is rotatably connected to the bottom of each vertical section of the L-shaped slide bar 5. Each vertical section of the L-shaped slide bar 5 is equipped with an adjustment component for adjusting the L-shaped slide bar 5 according to the resistance experienced by the soil covering plate 6. Several sliding grooves are opened on the frame 1 below the L-shaped slide bars 5, and each sliding groove is connected to a slide rail via the groove. A wedge block 7 is slidably fitted laterally. The inclined surface of the wedge block 7 is lower on the side closer to the fertilization unit 2 than on the other side. Several supports 8 corresponding to the wedge block 7 are fixedly connected to the side of the frame 1 away from the fertilization unit 2 by bolts. A rotating drum 9 is rotatably connected to each support 8. A connecting rod 10 is fixedly connected to each rotating drum 9 by bolts. A pressing roller 11 is rotatably connected to the other end of each connecting rod 10 (the surface of the pressing roller 11 is provided with several evenly distributed protrusions to increase the contact pressure with the soil and improve the pressing effect). Each wedge block 7 is provided with a transmission component that controls the swing of the pressing roller 11 according to the displacement of the L-shaped sliding rod 5 to adjust the pressure of the pressing roller 11 on the soil.

[0049] Specifically, as shown in the attached document Figure 3 and attached Figure 4 As shown, each adjustment component includes a fixing ring 12 located on the side of the vertical rod of the L-shaped slide bar 5 near the soil covering plate 6. The fixing ring 12 is welded to the corresponding L-shaped slide bar 5. The top of each fixing ring 12 is fixedly connected to a spring 13 sleeved on the L-shaped slide bar 5 by bolts. The top of each spring 13 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the frame 1 by bolts.

[0050] As attached Figure 5 As shown, each sliding component includes a through hole 14 on the frame 1. Each through hole 14 is symmetrically fixed with a protrusion 15 by bolts. The vertical part of the L-shaped sliding rod 5 is provided with several limiting grooves 16 corresponding to the protrusions 15. The surfaces of the limiting grooves 16 and the protrusions 15 are all coated with polytetrafluoroethylene.

[0051] As attached Figure 6 As shown, each transmission component includes a rack, which is welded to the bottom of the corresponding wedge block 7. Gears are coaxially welded to the surface of each rotating drum 9, and each gear meshes with the corresponding rack.

[0052] The specific implementation process is as follows: When peanut planting is carried out, the frame 1 drives the fertilization unit 2, the sowing unit 3 and the film-hanging support 4 to move forward. The fertilization unit 2 evenly spreads fertilizer in the furrows, and then the sowing unit 3 sows peanut seeds. Then, the sowing site is covered with soil to create a good germination environment for peanut seeds. Next, the film-hanging support 4 begins to lay the mulch film. At this time, the L-shaped slide bar 5 is in the initial position, and the soil covering plate 6 at the bottom of the vertical part of the L-shaped slide bar 5 contacts the soil at the edge of the mulch film and begins the soil covering operation.

[0053] During the operation of the covering plate 6, when encountering harder soil, the reaction force of the soil on the covering plate 6 increases. This reaction force will push the L-shaped slide bar 5 to slide upward along the through hole 14. The fixing ring 12 moves upward synchronously with the L-shaped slide bar 5 and compresses the spring 13. At this time, the horizontal bar part of the L-shaped slide bar 5 does not contact the wedge block 7 below. The wedge block 7 remains stationary. The pressing roller 11 still maintains the initial pressing angle and pressure, reducing soil compaction caused by excessive pressing of hard soil, ensuring soil aeration and water permeability, providing a loose soil environment for peanut root growth, and facilitating root penetration and nutrient absorption.

[0054] When the covering plate 6 encounters loose, sandy soil with low resistance, the resistance on the covering plate 6 decreases, the elastic potential energy of the spring 13 is released, pushing the fixing ring 12 to move the L-shaped sliding rod 5 downwards. The covering plate 6 then penetrates deeper into the soil, increasing the amount of soil covering at the edge of the mulch film, increasing the pressure of the soil on the mulch film, and thus improving the soil's fixing force on the mulch film. As the L-shaped sliding rod 5 moves downwards, the horizontal part of the L-shaped sliding rod 5 contacts the inclined surface of the wedge block 7 and applies pressure. The downward pressure of the L-shaped sliding rod 5 is converted into a lateral thrust, pushing the wedge block 7 to slide along the sliding groove towards the rotating cylinder 9. The rack at the bottom of the wedge block 7 moves synchronously, through the rack... The meshing action of the gears on the surface of the rotating drum 9 converts the linear motion of the wedge block 7 into the rotational motion of the rotating drum 9, causing the rotating drum 9 to rotate downwards. This rotation drives the connecting rod 10 and the pressing roller 11 to swing downwards, increasing the pressure of the pressing roller 11 on the soil and further enhancing the fixing force on the mulch film. This strengthens the fixing force of the loose sandy soil on the mulch film, reducing the risk of the mulch film being blown off in strong winds. It maintains the moisture retention and warming effect of the mulch film on the soil, reduces soil moisture evaporation, and keeps the soil temperature stable. This provides a suitable temperature and humidity environment for peanut seed germination and seedling growth, improving the emergence rate and uniformity of peanuts, and thus improving the efficiency of peanut planting.

[0055] Example 2:

[0056] As attached Figure 1As shown, the difference from Embodiment 1 is that the inside of the pressing roller 11 is a hollow structure, the pressing roller 11 is equipped with a counterweight, and a locking cover is detachably connected to one side of the pressing roller 11; a counterweight of corresponding weight is placed inside the pressing roller 11 and the locking cover is closed. By changing the weight of the counterweight inside the pressing roller 11, the initial weight of the pressing roller 11 can be adjusted to adapt to different soil conditions.

[0057] Example 3:

[0058] As attached Figure 7 As shown, an efficient peanut cultivation method includes the following steps:

[0059] S1: Land preparation and ridging: Deep plow and harrow the planting land to a depth of 25-30 cm, and ridge according to the preset row spacing, with the ridge height controlled at 15-20 cm and the ridge width controlled at 40-50 cm.

[0060] S2: Fertilization: Through fertilization unit 2, the fertilizer is evenly spread in the furrows, and the amount of fertilizer is controlled at 15-20 kg per mu;

[0061] S3: Sowing and covering with soil: Sow peanut seeds using sowing unit 3 according to the preset plant spacing, with the sowing depth controlled at 3-5 cm. After sowing, cover the seeds with soil, with the soil covering thickness controlled at 2-3 cm.

[0062] S4: Mulching and compaction: The mulch film is laid through the mulch film support 4, and the soil covering width of the mulch film edge is not less than 5 cm. Then, the soil is covered on both sides of the mulch film edge through the soil covering plate 6, and then the soil after mulching is compacted by the compaction roller 11.

[0063] In step S4, the initial pressing force of the pressing roller 11 is adjusted by adjusting the counterweight placed inside the pressing roller 11.

[0064] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency peanut planting device, comprising a frame (1), wherein a fertilization unit (2), a sowing unit (3), and a film-supporting bracket (4) are provided on the frame (1), characterized in that: The frame (1) is symmetrically provided with L-shaped slide bars (5) on the side away from the fertilization unit (2). Each vertical part of the L-shaped slide bar (5) is provided with a sliding component. The vertical part of the L-shaped slide bar (5) is vertically slidably engaged with the frame (1) through the sliding component. The bottom of the vertical part of the L-shaped slide bar (5) is rotatably connected to a soil covering plate (6). Each vertical part of the L-shaped slide bar (5) is provided with an adjustment component for adjusting the L-shaped slide bar (5) according to the resistance of the soil covering plate (6). Several sliding grooves are opened on the frame (1) located below the L-shaped slide bar (5). The sliding grooves are all horizontally slidably engaged. There is a wedge block (7), and the inclined surface of the wedge block (7) is lower on the side closer to the fertilization unit (2) than on the other side. The frame (1) is fixedly connected to several supports (8) corresponding to the wedge block (7) on the side away from the fertilization unit (2). A rotating drum (9) is rotatably connected to each support (8). A connecting rod (10) is fixedly connected to each rotating drum (9). A pressing roller (11) is rotatably connected to the other end of the connecting rod (10). A transmission component is provided on the wedge block (7) to control the swing of the pressing roller (11) according to the displacement of the L-shaped slide bar (5) to adjust the pressure of the pressing roller (11) on the soil.

2. The high-efficiency peanut planting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjustment components all include a fixing ring (12) on the side of the vertical rod of the L-shaped slide bar (5) near the soil covering plate (6). The top of the fixing ring (12) is fixedly connected to a spring (13) sleeved on the L-shaped slide bar (5). The top of the spring (13) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the frame (1).

3. The high-efficiency peanut planting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: All sliding parts include through holes (14) on the frame (1), and protrusions (15) are symmetrically fixedly connected in the through holes (14). The vertical part of the L-shaped sliding rod (5) has several limiting grooves (16) corresponding to the protrusions (15).

4. The high-efficiency peanut planting device according to claim 3, characterized in that: Both the limiting groove (16) and the protrusion (15) are coated with polytetrafluoroethylene.

5. The high-efficiency peanut planting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: All transmission components include racks, which are fixedly connected to the bottom of the corresponding wedge blocks (7). Gears are coaxially fixedly connected to the surface of the rotating drum (9), and the gears mesh with the corresponding racks respectively.

6. The high-efficiency peanut planting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The press roller (11) has a hollow structure inside, and a counterweight is provided inside the press roller (11). A lock cover is detachably connected to one side of the press roller (11).

7. The high-efficiency peanut planting device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The surface of the pressing roller (11) is provided with several evenly distributed protrusions.

8. The high-efficiency peanut planting device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The surface of the soil covering plate (6) is coated with a wear-resistant coating.

9. A method for efficient peanut cultivation, operating based on the structure of the efficient peanut cultivation device according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Land preparation and ridging: Deep plow and harrow the planting land to a depth of 25-30 cm, and ridge according to the preset row spacing, with the ridge height controlled at 15-20 cm and the ridge width controlled at 40-50 cm. S2: Fertilization: Through the fertilization unit (2), the fertilizer is evenly spread in the furrow, and the amount of fertilizer is controlled at 15-20 kg per mu; S3: Sowing and covering with soil: Peanut seeds are sown using the sowing unit (3) according to the preset plant spacing. The sowing depth is controlled at 3-5 cm. After sowing, the seeds are covered with soil, and the soil covering thickness is controlled at 2-3 cm. S4: Mulching and compaction: The mulch film is laid through the mulch film support (4), and the soil covering width of the mulch film edge is not less than 5 cm. Then, the soil is covered on both sides of the mulch film through the soil covering plate (6), and the soil after mulching is compacted by the compaction roller (11).

10. The efficient peanut cultivation method according to claim 9, characterized in that: In step S4, the initial pressing pressure of the pressing roller (11) is adjusted by adjusting the counterweight placed inside the pressing roller (11).

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