Intelligent fertilization control system for tea tree soil pH value

Abstract

The application provides a tea tree soil pH intelligent fertilization regulation system, which comprises three modules of soil detection, analysis decision and execution early warning, which are sequentially signal connected.The soil detection module detects the soil pH value by using the potential method; the analysis decision module is internally provided with an acid soil customized fertilizer formula and a pH collaborative algorithm, so that a visual fertilization scheme is generated; and the execution early warning module obtains tea tree height and leaf color data through a visual acquisition device, and realizes three-level early warning by combining a weighted comprehensive deviation algorithm.The application realizes a closed-loop control mechanism of 'perception-analysis decision-execution early warning', accurately matches the growth demand of tea trees for acid soil, solves the problems of disconnection of traditional tea garden fertilization links and insufficient accuracy of soil regulation, improves tea quality, and is suitable for large-scale tea tree planting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of smart agriculture technology, and in particular to a smart fertilization control system for soil pH of tea trees. Background Technology

[0002] Tea trees are an economic crop with high economic value and great development potential. Their growth has strict requirements for soil conditions, and their core requirement is acidic soil with a pH of 4.5-5.5.

[0003] The quality of tea leaves is directly affected by the quality of the soil. When the soil pH is higher than 6.5, the growth of tea trees gradually stops, which affects both yield and quality. When it exceeds 7.0, the tea trees may even die. Tea trees growing in alkaline soil will have yellow leaves, less organic matter accumulation, and will often fall off their leaves and die. Neutral or slightly acidic soil will affect the normal growth of tea trees.

[0004] In traditional tea cultivation, fertilization and soil regulation are disconnected, lacking a closed-loop management mechanism throughout the entire process. Existing fertilization methods often use a uniform amount of fertilizer without dynamically adjusting for real-time changes in soil pH. This results in insufficient precision in soil regulation, making it difficult to match the core soil conditions for tea tree growth. Consequently, fertilizer waste or soil imbalance can occur, ultimately affecting tea quality and yield. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to propose an intelligent fertilization and regulation system for tea tree soil pH value, in order to solve the technical problems of the disconnect between fertilization and soil regulation in existing tea tree planting, the lack of a closed-loop management mechanism for the entire process, and the insufficient precision of soil regulation.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this invention proposes an intelligent fertilization control system for tea tree soil pH, comprising a soil detection module, an analysis and decision-making module, and an execution and early warning module, wherein the soil detection module, the analysis and decision-making module, and the execution and early warning module are sequentially connected by signals. The soil testing module includes a pH detection unit, which is used to detect and output soil pH data; The analysis and decision-making module incorporates a customized fertilizer formula for acidic soils and a pH-coordinated algorithm to process soil pH data and generate visual fertilization plans. The early warning module is used to execute the visualized fertilization plan; The early warning module is equipped with a visual acquisition device to collect the growth status of tea trees. It obtains tea tree height data and leaf color data as reference values ​​through image pixel ranging algorithm and leaf RGB three-color channel data, respectively. It compares the data with a preset threshold through a weighted comprehensive deviation calculation algorithm. When the cumulative deviation of the tea tree growth status exceeds the preset threshold, a graded early warning signal is triggered.

[0007] Furthermore, the pH detection unit measures the soil pH value using a potentiometric method, which involves immersing an indicator electrode and a reference electrode in a soil suspension to form a galvanic cell. By measuring the electromotive force of the galvanic cell, the electromotive force value is converted into a pH value according to the Nernst equation.

[0008] Furthermore, the soil sample extraction of the soil testing module adopts a grid-based sampling method, with five to eight sampling points set in each area. Soil from the main root layer at a depth of 20 to 30 centimeters is extracted using a soil drill, and after removing impurities, it is mixed to form the sample to be tested. The soil suspension is prepared by mixing soil with deionized water at a water-to-soil mass ratio of 2.5:1, stirring for one to two minutes, and then letting it stand for 30 minutes to form a uniform soil suspension.

[0009] Furthermore, the indicator electrode and reference electrode were calibrated using a standard pH buffer solution before each test to ensure that the measurement error was controlled within ±0.1 pH. The testing frequency was set to once every three days during the critical growth period of tea trees and once a week during the non-critical period.

[0010] Furthermore, the customized fertilizer formulation for acidic soils and the pH-coordinated algorithm include a fertilizer classification system: acidic fertilizers include ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, and superphosphate; neutral fertilizers include mineral-derived brown humic acid potassium humate, bio-fertilizer, urea, ammonium phosphate, and ammonium bicarbonate; and alkaline fertilizers include sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, and nitro compound fertilizer. The algorithm automatically matches the fertilizer type based on the pH range.

[0011] Furthermore, when the pH value is 6.2 to 6.5, it is recommended to apply a mixture of ammonium sulfate and superphosphate fertilizer; when the pH value is 6.5 to 6.8, it is recommended to apply a mixture of ammonium chloride and superphosphate fertilizer; when the pH value is 4.5 to 5.5, maintain normal management and it is recommended to apply a mixture of bio-fertilizer and urea fertilizer; the visual fertilization plan includes a fertilization area distribution map, fertilizer ratio table and application rate recommendations.

[0012] Furthermore, the visual acquisition device is equipped with a high-definition camera facing the tea tree canopy area to collect real-time image data of the tea tree's growth status; the tea tree height data is obtained through an image pixel ranging algorithm, which performs edge detection on the collected tea tree images based on the camera's built-in parameters and uses the pixel ranging algorithm to calculate the tea tree height.

[0013] Furthermore, the formula for calculating the height of tea trees is as follows:

[0014] In the formula, Tea tree height, This is the vertical pixel difference. In pixels The horizontal distance from the camera to the base of the tea tree. For the lens focal length, This is the shooting angle.

[0015] Furthermore, the acquisition of leaf color data includes: acquiring the RGB three-color channel values ​​of the leaf, converting the image from RGB space to HSV space, filtering out the leaf area and removing background interference, and calculating the average values ​​of saturation value S and lightness value V in the HSV color space of the leaf area as the leaf color acquisition result.

[0016] Furthermore, the execution early warning module also includes intelligent fertilization equipment, which is used to receive fertilization plan instructions and perform precise variable fertilization according to preset paths and dosages; the intelligent fertilization equipment is linked with the visualized fertilization plan and performs fertilization operations based on the fertilization area distribution map, fertilizer ratio table and application rate suggestions generated by the analysis and decision module.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are: 1. This invention utilizes a closed-loop control mechanism of environmental perception, intelligent analysis, decision execution, and early warning feedback to organically coordinate four functional modules: soil pH detection, acidic fertilizer formulation decision-making, variable fertilization execution, and tea tree growth status monitoring. This enables dynamic perception and precise control of the acidic soil environment in tea gardens, effectively solving problems such as disconnected fertilization processes, extensive soil control, and low water and fertilizer utilization in traditional tea garden management, and significantly improving the refinement and scientific level of tea garden management.

[0018] 2. This invention integrates a customized fertilizer formula for acidic soil with a dynamic pH value synergistic algorithm. Based on real-time monitoring of soil pH and tea tree growth stage, it can automatically generate suitable fertilizer ratios and application rate suggestions through preset fertilizer matching rules. The control scheme is presented in a visual way, which greatly reduces the technical threshold for farmers in soil improvement and fertilization decisions, and improves the pertinence and operability of acidic soil tea garden management.

[0019] 3. The system of this invention continuously monitors key growth indicators such as tea tree height and leaf color through a high-definition visual acquisition device. Combined with environmental sensor data, it constructs a joint early warning model of growth and environment through a weighted comprehensive deviation calculation algorithm. Once the monitored data deviates from the preset threshold, the system automatically triggers three levels of early warning (mild, medium, and severe) and provides real-time feedback through audio-visual equipment, enabling early detection and intervention of abnormalities, effectively ensuring tea quality, and reducing production risks and economic losses.

[0020] 4. The design of this invention takes into account the actual needs of tea tree planting scenarios, has good environmental adaptability, functional modularity and system scalability. It is not only suitable for small and medium-sized tea gardens, but can also be extended to large-scale contiguous planting areas to realize centralized monitoring and distributed control. The system has a clear structure and flexible deployment, and has high practical value and promotion prospects. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the intelligent fertilization control system for tea tree soil pH value according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the tea tree soil pH value detection process according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of the graded early warning prompts in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be further described below.

[0025] The intelligent fertilization control system for tea tree soil pH value in this embodiment of the invention includes a soil detection module, an analysis and decision module, and an execution and early warning module. The soil detection module, analysis and decision module, and execution and early warning module are sequentially connected to form a complete closed-loop control architecture.

[0026] The soil testing module includes a pH detection unit, which integrates an indicator electrode and a reference electrode to detect and output soil pH data. The analysis and decision-making module incorporates a customized fertilizer formula for acidic soils and a pH-coordinated algorithm to process the pH data output by the soil testing module and generate a visualized fertilization plan. The execution and early warning module includes a visual acquisition device equipped with a high-definition camera positioned towards the tea tree canopy area to collect real-time data on tea tree growth. The execution and early warning module also integrates intelligent fertilization equipment, an execution terminal, audio-visual equipment, a communication module, and a display screen to execute the visualized fertilization plan and trigger tiered early warning signals based on the tea tree growth status.

[0027] In actual operation, the intelligent fertilization control system for tea tree soil pH in this embodiment of the invention first uses a soil detection module to measure the soil pH value via a potentiometric method. The specific operation process is as follows: S1: When extracting soil samples for testing, a grid-based sampling method is adopted according to the area of ​​the tea garden. Five to eight sampling points are set in each sampling area. Soil samples from the main root layer at a depth of 20 to 30 centimeters are extracted using a soil drill. After removing impurities such as stones and dead leaves, the samples are mixed evenly to form the samples to be tested.

[0028] S2: Mix the soil sample to be tested with deionized water at a water-to-soil mass ratio of 2.5:1, place it in a container and stir for one to two minutes, then let it stand for thirty minutes to allow the soil particles to be fully dispersed and form a uniform soil suspension.

[0029] S3: Simultaneously immerse the indicator electrode and reference electrode in the soil suspension, ensuring that neither electrode contacts the container wall or bottom. After connecting to the potentiometer, they together form a galvanic cell with the soil suspension.

[0030] S4: The potential of the indicator electrode changes accordingly with the hydrogen ion concentration, while the reference electrode provides a stable reference potential. The potential difference between the two electrodes is the electromotive force (EMF) of the galvanic cell. After starting the potentiometer and waiting for the reading to stabilize, the EMF value is recorded. The instrument automatically converts the EMF value into a pH value based on the Nernst equation, and the pH data is transmitted to the analysis and decision module in real time via the communication module. Before each measurement, the indicator electrode and reference electrode are calibrated using a standard pH buffer solution to ensure that the measurement error is controlled within ±0.1 pH.

[0031] S5: The detection frequency of the soil testing module is dynamically adjusted according to the tea tree growth cycle. The key growth periods of tea trees include the budding period, leaf unfolding period and harvesting period. During these periods, a test is conducted every three days, and during non-critical growth periods, a test is conducted once a week.

[0032] After receiving pH data from the soil testing module, the analysis and decision-making module uses its built-in customized fertilizer formula for acidic soil and pH-coordinated algorithm to analyze and process the data, generating a corresponding visualized fertilization plan. The algorithm's fertilizer classification system includes three main categories: acidic fertilizers (ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, and superphosphate); neutral fertilizers (mineral-derived brown potassium humate, bio-fertilizer, urea, ammonium phosphate, and ammonium bicarbonate); and alkaline fertilizers (sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, and nitro compound fertilizers). The algorithm automatically matches fertilizer type based on pH range: when pH is between 6.2 and 6.5, the system determines the soil is slightly alkaline and recommends using a mixture of ammonium sulfate and superphosphate for soil improvement; when pH is between 6.5 and 6.8, the system determines the soil is more alkaline and recommends using a mixture of ammonium chloride and superphosphate to enhance acidification; when pH is between 4.5 and 5.5, the system determines the soil pH is within the suitable range for tea tree growth and normal management is sufficient, recommending a mixture of bio-fertilizer and urea to maintain soil fertility. The visualized fertilization plan is presented to the user on a display screen with a fertilization area distribution map, fertilizer ratio table, and application rate suggestions. Simultaneously, the fertilization command is sent to the intelligent fertilization device in execution and early warning module 3 via the communication module.

[0033] The visual acquisition device of the early warning module is equipped with a high-definition camera, which is installed facing the tea tree canopy area to collect real-time image data of the tea tree's growth status. The tea tree image data acquired by the visual acquisition device is transmitted to the execution terminal, where it is processed by an image pixel ranging algorithm to obtain the tea tree height data. The specific implementation process of the image pixel ranging algorithm is as follows: First, edge detection processing is performed on the acquired tea tree image to identify the tea tree outline and extract the image coordinate positions of the top and root of the tea tree. The vertical pixel difference between the top and root of the tea tree is then calculated. Then, based on the camera's built-in parameters, including the actual size corresponding to a single pixel...d、 Horizontal distance from camera to tea tree roots Lens focal length and shooting angle Calculate the height of the tea tree using the following formula. : ; The visual acquisition device also acquires leaf color data by collecting the RGB three-color channel values ​​of the leaves. The specific process is as follows: the color space of the tea leaf image captured by the high-definition camera is converted from RGB color space to HSV color space. The leaf area is selected by using the hue distribution characteristics of green leaves in HSV space. At the same time, the background interference such as soil and branches is removed by using edge information and texture features. Then, the average value of saturation value S and lightness value V of the selected leaf area in HSV color space is calculated as the final leaf color acquisition result.

[0034] The execution terminal of the early warning module has a built-in weighted comprehensive deviation calculation algorithm. This algorithm calculates the comprehensive deviation value D by weighting and summing the deviation of tea tree height and leaf color. total This is used to assess the degree to which the growth of tea trees deviates from the normal state. The weighted comprehensive deviation calculation algorithm is as follows: ;

[0035] ; In the formula, h is the height of the tea tree. This represents the baseline value for the height and health of tea trees at their corresponding growth stages. The values ​​represent the measured saturation values ​​of the leaf blade in the HSV color space. HSV saturation value as a baseline for leaf health. The value represents the measured lightness value of the leaf in the HSV color space. HSV brightness as a baseline for leaf health The weighting coefficient for the degree of deviation. This is the weighting coefficient for color deviation.

[0036] The audible and visual equipment executing the early warning module is based on the comprehensive deviation value D. total The system triggers a warning signal of the corresponding level after comparing the threshold with a preset threshold. The system has three preset warning thresholds: a first preset threshold of 0.1, a second preset threshold of 0.2, and a third preset threshold of 0.3. The specific logic for threshold judgment is as follows: when D... total When the value is less than 0.1, the system determines that the tea tree's growth status is within the normal range, executes terminal 304 to maintain the current fertilization plan, and enters a continuous monitoring cycle; when D totalWhen the value is greater than or equal to 0.1 and less than 0.2, the system determines that the tea tree growth has slightly deviated, triggering a level one warning. The audible and visual device 305 outputs a blue light and sounds an alert to remind managers to pay attention to the tea tree growth status; when D total When the value is greater than or equal to 0.2 and less than 0.3, the system determines that the tea tree growth has deviated moderately, triggering a level-two warning. The audible and visual device 305 outputs a yellow light and sounds an alarm, prompting management personnel to increase the monitoring frequency; when D total When the value is greater than or equal to 0.3, the system determines that the tea tree growth has deviated significantly, triggering a level three warning. The audible and visual device 305 outputs a red light and an urgent alert, prompting management personnel to take immediate intervention measures, including retesting the soil pH value and generating a new fertilization plan based on the test results. After the warning is triggered, the system automatically returns to the soil testing module 1 for a new round of data collection, analysis, and decision-making until the tea tree growth status returns to normal and the overall deviation value D is reduced. total It drops below the first preset threshold.

[0037] After receiving the visualized fertilization plan transmitted by the analysis and decision-making module through the communication module, the intelligent fertilization equipment executes precise variable fertilization operations based on the fertilization area distribution map, fertilizer ratio table, and application rate suggestions included in the plan. According to the soil pH test results and tea tree growth status data in different areas of the tea garden, the intelligent fertilization equipment plans its route according to a preset path, applying different ratios and dosages of fertilizer to different areas, achieving precise and variable fertilizer application.

[0038] The intelligent soil pH control system for tea trees, as demonstrated in this invention, has been successfully applied in a tea tree agricultural demonstration base in City A. The system effectively addresses issues in traditional tea garden management, such as disconnected fertilization processes, extensive soil management, and low water and fertilizer utilization. During its application at the demonstration base, the soil testing module 1 tested the pH of the tea garden soil every three days, conducting over thirty tests in total over three months. The analysis and decision-making module 2 generated corresponding fertilization plans based on the test data. When abnormal areas of soil pH were detected, the system promptly adjusted the fertilizer ratio for those areas. The execution and early warning module 3 continuously monitored the growth status of the tea trees using a high-definition camera, accumulating over 10,000 frames of image data. Image processing algorithms were used to calculate the height and leaf color data of the tea trees. When the overall deviation value of the tea trees reached 0.32, the system triggered a level-three early warning, issuing a red audible and visual alert. Based on the warning information, staff retested the soil in that area, finding that the soil pH had risen to 6.6. The system then generated a targeted fertilization plan, which was executed by the intelligent fertilization equipment. After three consecutive months of operation, the soil pH value of the tea garden in the demonstration base remained stable within the suitable range of 4.5 to 5.5. The tea leaves were uniformly green, and the quality and yield of tea leaves showed significant improvement. The fertilizer utilization rate was increased by about 35% compared with the traditional method, and the labor cost was reduced by about 87.5%, which fully verified the technical effect of the embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not constitute any limitation on the present invention. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions and content disclosed in the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall be deemed to have remained within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A smart fertilization control system for tea tree soil pH, comprising a soil detection module, an analysis and decision-making module, and an execution and early warning module, wherein the soil detection module, the analysis and decision-making module, and the execution and early warning module are sequentially connected by signals; The soil testing module includes a pH detection unit for detecting and outputting soil pH data; The analysis and decision-making module incorporates a customized fertilizer formula for acidic soil and a pH-coordinated algorithm to process the soil pH data and generate a visual fertilization plan. The execution early warning module is used to execute the visual fertilization plan; The execution early warning module is equipped with a visual acquisition device for collecting the growth status of tea trees. It obtains tea tree height data and leaf color data as reference values ​​through image pixel ranging algorithm and leaf RGB three-color channel data, respectively. It compares the data with a preset threshold through a weighted comprehensive deviation calculation algorithm. When the cumulative deviation of the tea tree growth status exceeds the preset threshold, a graded early warning signal is triggered.

2. The intelligent fertilization control system for tea tree soil pH according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pH detection unit measures soil pH using a potentiometric method, which involves immersing an indicator electrode and a reference electrode in a soil suspension to form a galvanic cell. The electromotive force of the galvanic cell is measured, and the electromotive force is converted into pH value according to the Nernst equation.

3. The intelligent fertilization control system for tea tree soil pH value according to claim 2, characterized in that, The soil sample extraction of the soil testing module adopts a grid-based sampling method, with five to eight sampling points set in each area. Soil from the main root layer at a depth of 20 to 30 centimeters is extracted with a soil drill, and after removing impurities, it is mixed to form the sample to be tested. The soil suspension is prepared by mixing soil with deionized water at a water-to-soil mass ratio of 2.5:1, stirring for one to two minutes, and then letting it stand for 30 minutes to form a uniform soil suspension.

4. The intelligent soil pH regulation system for tea trees according to claim 3, characterized in that, Before each test, the indicator electrode and reference electrode were calibrated using a standard pH buffer solution to ensure that the measurement error was controlled within ±0.1 pH. The testing frequency was set to once every three days during the critical growth period of tea trees and once a week during the non-critical period.

5. The intelligent fertilization control system for tea tree soil pH according to claim 1, characterized in that, The customized fertilizer formula for acidic soil and the pH-coordinated algorithm include a fertilizer classification system: acidic fertilizers include ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, and superphosphate; neutral fertilizers include mineral-derived brown humic acid potassium humate, bio-fertilizer, urea, ammonium phosphate, and ammonium bicarbonate; alkaline fertilizers include sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, and nitro compound fertilizer; the algorithm automatically matches the fertilizer type according to the pH range.

6. The intelligent fertilization control system for tea tree soil pH according to claim 5, characterized in that, When the pH value is 6.2 to 6.5, it is recommended to apply a mixture of ammonium sulfate and superphosphate fertilizer; when the pH value is 6.5 to 6.8, it is recommended to apply a mixture of ammonium chloride and superphosphate fertilizer; when the pH value is 4.5 to 5.5, maintain normal management and it is recommended to apply a mixture of bio-fertilizer and urea fertilizer. The visualized fertilization plan includes a fertilization area distribution map, fertilizer ratio table and application rate recommendations.

7. The intelligent soil pH regulation system for tea trees according to claim 1, characterized in that, The visual acquisition device is equipped with a high-definition camera facing the tea tree canopy area to collect real-time image data of the tea tree's growth status. The tea tree height data is obtained through an image pixel ranging algorithm. The edge detection of the collected tea tree images is performed based on the camera's built-in parameters, and the height of the tea tree is calculated using the pixel ranging algorithm.

8. The intelligent soil pH regulation system for tea trees according to claim 7, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the height of a tea tree is: ; In the formula, Tea tree height, This represents the vertical pixel difference. In pixels The horizontal distance from the camera to the base of the tea tree. For the lens focal length, This is the shooting angle.

9. The intelligent soil pH regulation system for tea trees according to claim 7, characterized in that, The acquisition of leaf color data includes: acquiring the RGB three-color channel values ​​of the leaf, converting the image from RGB space to HSV space, filtering out the leaf area and removing background interference, and calculating the average value of saturation value S and lightness value V in the HSV color space of the leaf area as the leaf color acquisition result.

10. The intelligent soil pH regulation system for tea trees according to claim 1, characterized in that, The execution early warning module also includes an intelligent fertilization device, which is used to receive fertilization plan instructions and perform precise variable fertilization according to preset paths and dosages; the intelligent fertilization device is linked with the visualized fertilization plan and performs fertilization operations based on the fertilization area distribution map, fertilizer ratio table and application rate suggestions generated by the analysis and decision module.

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