Organic fertilizer application regulation method for sugarcane land acidification treatment

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of agricultural planting soil treatment technology, and particularly relates to an organic fertilizer application regulation method for acidification treatment of sugarcane land, comprising the following steps: S1: obtaining basic acidification state data and rainfall disturbance data of a target sugarcane land in a current treatment cycle; S2: identifying salt base leaching risk of the target sugarcane land after rainfall, and generating corresponding acid regulation effect attenuation level; S3: determining an organic fertilizer compensation application strategy according to the acid regulation effect attenuation level; S4: performing zoned compensation application on the target sugarcane land, and updating organic fertilizer application regulation parameters of a next treatment cycle. The present application dynamically determines compensation application amount, compensation application area, compensation application depth and basic regulation material proportion by identifying salt base leaching risk after rainfall in the rainy season and attenuation degree of organic fertilizer acid regulation effect, and corrects parameters of a next cycle in combination with post-application recovery results, so as to improve precision and continuous stability of acidification treatment of the sugarcane land.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural soil management technology, and in particular to a method for regulating the application of organic fertilizers to address acidification in sugarcane fields. Background Technology

[0002] Sugarcane is a cash crop with high fertilizer requirements. Under long-term continuous cropping and high-intensity fertilization, sugarcane fields are prone to soil acidification. After soil acidification, the soil pH decreases, the exchangeable aluminum content increases, and the content of exchangeable calcium, magnesium, potassium and other basic ions decreases, which leads to a decrease in the acid-base buffering capacity of the sugarcane root zone, thereby affecting the root absorption environment and the stability of nutrient supply. In order to improve the soil environment of acidified sugarcane fields, current production usually adopts the method of applying organic fertilizer, alkaline conditioning materials or a combination of both to improve the acidification state of sugarcane fields by supplementing organic matter, improving soil buffering capacity and restoring basic ion levels.

[0003] However, sugarcane growing areas often experience continuous rainfall during the rainy season. Rainwater infiltration and furrow runoff remove basic ions such as calcium, magnesium, and potassium from the soil, causing the acidification buffer formed by previous organic fertilizer application to decay rapidly. Current organic fertilizer application methods are mostly carried out according to fixed cycles, fixed amounts, or uniform reapplication across the entire field, without correlating and judging the continuous rainfall, field runoff intensity, changes in soil moisture content, and the decrease in basic ions. It is difficult to identify the degree of decay of the acidification effect after rain in a timely manner, and it is also difficult to determine the reapplication amount, reapplication area, reapplication depth, and proportion of alkaline conditioning materials. As a result, problems such as insufficient compensation in high leaching areas, repeated application in low leaching areas, and the use of fixed empirical values ​​for parameters in the next treatment cycle are likely to occur. Therefore, it is necessary to propose an organic fertilizer application regulation method for sugarcane field acidification control to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a method for regulating the application of organic fertilizers to address acidification in sugarcane fields.

[0005] A method for regulating the application of organic fertilizer to address acidification in sugarcane fields includes the following steps: S1: Obtain basic acidification status data and rainfall disturbance data of the target sugarcane field within the current treatment cycle; S2: Based on basic acidification status data and rainfall disturbance data, identify the risk of base leaching in the target sugarcane field after rainfall, and determine whether the acid-base buffer state formed by organic fertilizer has been weakened, generating the corresponding acidification effect attenuation level. S3: Determine the organic fertilizer compensation application strategy based on the attenuation level of the acidification effect. The organic fertilizer compensation application strategy includes the amount of supplementary application, the area of ​​supplementary application, the depth of supplementary application, and the proportion of alkaline conditioning materials used in combination with organic fertilizer. S4: Implement zoned compensation application of organic fertilizer to the target sugarcane fields according to the organic fertilizer compensation application strategy, collect soil acidification recovery data after compensation application, compare the soil acidification recovery data with the target acidification treatment status, and update the organic fertilizer application control parameters for the next treatment cycle.

[0006] Optionally, the basic acidification state data in S1 includes: Soil sampling points were set up in the sugarcane rows, the lateral distribution area of ​​sugarcane roots, and the furrow water catchment area of ​​the target sugarcane field, and soil samples were collected at two soil depths of 0-20cm and 20-40cm. The soil samples were tested for soil pH, exchangeable aluminum content, exchangeable calcium content, exchangeable magnesium content, exchangeable potassium content, and organic matter content, respectively, to generate basic acidification status data with sampling location and soil depth indicators.

[0007] Optionally, the rainfall disturbance data in S1 includes: The continuous rainfall and duration of rainfall were obtained by rain gauges deployed in the target sugarcane field; the field runoff intensity was obtained by runoff monitoring devices deployed along the furrow drainage path; and the change in soil moisture content before and after rainfall was obtained by soil moisture sensors installed at different soil depths. The continuous rainfall, rainfall duration, field runoff intensity, and soil moisture content changes were written into the rainfall disturbance dataset according to a unified timestamp.

[0008] Optionally, identifying the risk of base leaching in the target sugarcane field after rainfall in step S2 includes: The exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium, and exchangeable potassium contents were obtained at the same sampling location and soil depth before and after rainfall, and the decrease in exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium, and exchangeable potassium was calculated respectively. Based on the decrease in exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium, and exchangeable potassium, continuous rainfall, field runoff intensity, and soil moisture content, the risk level of base leaching in the target sugarcane field after rainfall is determined.

[0009] Optionally, the attenuation level of the acid-adjusting effect generated in S2 includes: The soil pH, exchangeable aluminum content, exchangeable calcium content, exchangeable magnesium content, exchangeable potassium content, and organic matter content after rainfall were compared with the target control values ​​formed after the application of organic fertilizer during the current treatment cycle. When the soil pH value decreases, the exchangeable aluminum content increases, or the exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium, and exchangeable potassium content decreases to the corresponding attenuation threshold, it is determined that the acid-base buffer state formed by the organic fertilizer has attenuated, and three attenuation levels of acid-adjusting effect are generated according to the attenuation magnitude: mild attenuation, moderate attenuation, and severe attenuation.

[0010] Optionally, the amount of supplementary application in S3 specifically includes: The corresponding first, second, and third basic supplementary application amounts are determined based on mild, moderate, and severe attenuation, respectively. Then, based on the base leaching risk level, the first, second, or third basic supplementary application amount is incrementally adjusted to obtain the organic fertilizer supplementary application amount for the target sugarcane field within the current treatment cycle. Among them, the first, second, and third basic supplementary application amounts increase sequentially.

[0011] Optionally, the reapplication area in S3 specifically includes: Based on the changes in field runoff intensity, soil moisture content, and basic ion concentration, the target sugarcane fields are divided into key remediation areas, general remediation areas, and maintenance areas. Specifically, areas with high field runoff intensity and large basic ion concentration are designated as key remediation areas, areas where basic ion concentration meets the remediation criteria but field runoff intensity does not meet the key remediation criteria are designated as general remediation areas, and areas where basic ion concentration does not meet the remediation criteria are designated as maintenance areas.

[0012] Optionally, the application depth in S3 specifically includes: The depth of organic fertilizer application is determined based on the distribution of the decrease in exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium, and exchangeable potassium content at different soil depths. Specifically, when the decrease in basic ions occurs in the 0-20cm soil layer, organic fertilizer is applied to the shallow mixed soil area; when the decrease in basic ions occurs simultaneously in the 0-20cm and 20-40cm soil layers, organic fertilizer is applied to the lateral burial area in the root zone.

[0013] Optionally, the specific proportion of the alkaline conditioning material applied in combination with organic fertilizer in S3 includes: Based on the current soil pH, exchangeable aluminum content, and the degree of acidification effect attenuation, determine the mixing ratio of alkaline conditioning materials and organic fertilizer; when the exchangeable aluminum content increases and the degree of acidification effect attenuation is moderate or severe, increase the mass proportion of alkaline conditioning materials in the compensating application materials.

[0014] Optionally, S4 specifically includes: Soil acidification recovery data were collected at preset time intervals after the compensation application. The soil acidification recovery data included soil pH recovery value, decrease in exchangeable aluminum, recovery of exchangeable calcium, recovery of exchangeable magnesium, recovery of exchangeable potassium, and change in organic matter. The soil acidification recovery data is compared with the target acidification treatment status, and the rainfall disturbance trigger threshold, acidification effect attenuation level judgment threshold, and organic fertilizer supplementation correction coefficient are updated in the next treatment cycle based on the comparison results.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are: This invention, by acquiring basic acidification status data and rainfall disturbance data, correlates continuous rainfall, field runoff intensity, changes in soil moisture content with the decline in exchangeable calcium, magnesium, potassium, and other basic ions. This allows for the identification of the risk of basic leaching in sugarcane fields after rainy season and further assessment of whether the acidification buffering state formed by organic fertilizer has weakened. This avoids relying solely on fixed fertilization cycles or single pH values ​​for supplementary application, making the regulation of organic fertilizer application more closely aligned with the actual acidification changes after leaching during the rainy season.

[0016] This invention determines the amount, area, depth, and proportion of alkaline conditioning materials for supplementary organic fertilizer application based on the degree of decay of the acidification effect. After the supplementary application, soil acidification recovery data is collected to update the control parameters for the next treatment cycle. This allows the supplementary application to be concentrated on areas with significant base leaching and severe decay of acidification effect, reducing repeated application in low-risk areas and improving the stability and sustainability of sugarcane field acidification control under rainy season conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only for this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the organic fertilizer application regulation method according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the process for generating the attenuation level of acid adjustment effect according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should also be noted that, to make the embodiments more comprehensive, the following embodiments are the best and preferred embodiments, and those skilled in the art can use other alternative methods to implement some well-known technologies; moreover, the accompanying drawings are only for more specific description of the embodiments and are not intended to specifically limit the present invention.

[0020] It should be noted that the use of terms such as "an embodiment," "an embodiment," "an exemplary embodiment," and "some embodiments" in the specification indicates that the described embodiment may include a specific feature, structure, or characteristic, but not every embodiment necessarily includes that specific feature, structure, or characteristic. Furthermore, when a specific feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, implementing such a feature, structure, or characteristic in conjunction with other embodiments (whether explicitly described or not) should be within the knowledge of those skilled in the art.

[0021] Generally, terms can be understood at least partly from their use in context. For example, depending at least partly on the context, the term "one or more" as used herein can be used to describe any feature, structure, or characteristic in a singular sense, or a combination of features, structures, or characteristics in a plural sense. Additionally, the term "based on" can be understood not necessarily to convey an exclusive set of factors, but rather, alternatively, depending at least partly on the context, to allow for the presence of other factors that are not necessarily explicitly described.

[0022] like Figures 1-2 As shown, a method for regulating the application of organic fertilizer to address sugarcane field acidification includes the following steps: S1: Obtain basic acidification status data and rainfall disturbance data of the target sugarcane field within the current treatment cycle; The basic acidification state data in S1 includes: Soil sampling points were set up in the sugarcane rows, the lateral distribution area of ​​sugarcane roots, and the furrow water catchment area of ​​the target sugarcane field, and soil samples were collected at two soil depths of 0-20cm and 20-40cm. Soil samples were tested for soil pH, exchangeable aluminum content, exchangeable calcium content, exchangeable magnesium content, exchangeable potassium content, and organic matter content, generating basic acidification status data with sampling location and soil depth markings.

[0023] The above-mentioned S1 section obtains basic acidification status data of the target sugarcane field within the current treatment cycle. Specifically, it includes selecting sampling areas as sugarcane inter-row areas, sugarcane root lateral distribution areas, and furrow catchment areas within the target sugarcane field. Sugarcane inter-row areas reflect soil acidification after conventional fertilization and tillage disturbance; sugarcane root lateral distribution areas reflect acidification in the main absorption areas of the sugarcane roots; and furrow catchment areas reflect localized acidification and base leaching after rainwater runoff collection. This sampling area division ensures that basic acidification status data covers the fertilization area, root zone, and catchment area, providing fundamental data support for subsequent assessment of whether the acidification effect of organic fertilizer diminishes after rainfall. During sampling, soil samples are collected at two soil depths: 0-20cm and 20-40cm. The 0-20cm soil layer characterizes the shallow acid-base buffer state formed after organic fertilizer application, while the 20-40cm soil layer characterizes the acidification state of the lower part of the sugarcane root zone after leaching. Soil samples were individually tested for pH, exchangeable aluminum (A) content, exchangeable calcium (C) content, exchangeable magnesium (Mg) content, exchangeable potassium (K) content, and organic matter content. The results were then linked to sampling location and soil depth markers to create basic acidification status data. This avoids relying solely on surface pH to assess acidification control effectiveness, providing clear data for subsequent identification of base leaching risks and compensatory application strategies. In the basic acidification status data, soil pH characterizes the degree of acidification in the target sugarcane field; exchangeable A (A) content characterizes the risk of A (A) ion activation under acidified conditions; exchangeable calcium (C), exchangeable magnesium (Mg), and exchangeable potassium (K) content characterize the retention status of base ions after leaching during the rainy season; and organic matter content characterizes the soil buffering base formed after organic fertilizer application. By incorporating these indicators into the basic acidification status data, subsequent steps can simultaneously assess acidity changes, aluminum toxicity risk, and base deficiency status, thereby improving the targeted nature of post-rainy season organic fertilizer compensatory application control.

[0024] Rainfall disturbance data in S1 include: The continuous rainfall and duration of rainfall were obtained by rain gauges deployed in the target sugarcane field; the field runoff intensity was obtained by runoff monitoring devices deployed along the furrow drainage path; and the change in soil moisture content before and after rainfall was obtained by soil moisture sensors installed at different soil depths. The continuous rainfall, rainfall duration, field runoff intensity, and soil moisture content changes were written into the rainfall disturbance dataset according to a unified timestamp.

[0025] The above-mentioned S1 section acquires rainfall disturbance data of the target sugarcane field during the current management cycle, specifically used to record the external disturbances caused by rainy season rainfall to the organic fertilizer acidification buffer state. Rainfall disturbance data includes continuous rainfall, rainfall duration, field runoff intensity, and changes in soil moisture content. All data are recorded using a unified timestamp, enabling subsequent identification of base leaching risk to simultaneously correlate rainfall input, water migration, and soil moisture content changes. Specifically, rain gauges are installed in open locations within the target sugarcane field, with an installation height controlled at 1.2m-1.5m above the ground. No obstructions are placed above or around the rain gauges, and the rain gauges are at least 1m away from the edge of the sugarcane canopy. For sugarcane fields no larger than 10 mu (approximately 1.65 acres), one rain gauge is installed in the center of the field; for sugarcane fields larger than 10 mu (approximately 1.65 acres), rain gauges are installed on the upper, middle, and lower slopes of the field, and the rainfall collected by multiple rain gauges is recorded in separate zones. When rainfall begins, the rain gauge automatically records the amount of rainfall per unit time. When the continuous rainless period reaches 30 minutes, the current rainfall process ends, the continuous rainfall is accumulated, and the duration of rainfall is defined as the time from the start time of rainfall to the end time of rainfall.

[0026] Runoff monitoring devices are installed along the furrow drainage path, preferentially located downstream of the natural drainage direction of the field and at furrow confluence points. In operation, the main flow direction of rainwater within the furrows is first determined along the sugarcane planting rows. Then, a collection section is established along the drainage path to allow the furrow runoff to enter the runoff monitoring device. The runoff monitoring device includes a collection trough, a water level sensor, and a flow conversion unit. The inlet of the collection trough is flush with the bottom of the furrow, and a standard flow outlet is installed at the outlet. The water level sensor is installed inside the collection trough to record changes in runoff water level over time. During rainfall, the water level sensor collects water level data at fixed sampling intervals. The flow conversion unit calculates the runoff volume per unit time based on the water level data and the flow outlet size, using the runoff volume per unit time to characterize the field runoff intensity. Specifically, the field runoff intensity characterizes the runoff output along the furrow drainage path per unit time, calculated based on the cumulative runoff volume obtained by the runoff monitoring device at adjacent sampling times, expressed as: ,in, Indicates the first Field runoff intensity at each sampling period; Indicates the first The cumulative runoff volume recorded by the runoff monitoring device at each sampling time; Indicates the first The cumulative runoff volume recorded by the runoff monitoring device at each sampling time; This represents the time interval between two adjacent sampling times; This represents the catchment area corresponding to the runoff monitoring device. When multiple runoff monitoring devices are installed in the same field, the field runoff intensity calculated by each device is weighted by area to obtain the comprehensive field runoff intensity of the target sugarcane field, expressed as: ,in, This indicates the overall field runoff intensity of the target sugarcane field; Indicates the first The field runoff intensity in the area corresponding to each runoff monitoring device; Indicates the first The catchment area corresponding to each runoff monitoring device; This indicates the number of runoff monitoring devices. This allows for the conversion of surface erosion and base migration caused by furrow runoff into recordable data, providing a basis for subsequent assessment of base leaching risk.

[0027] Soil moisture sensors were installed at corresponding locations between sugarcane rows, in the lateral distribution area of ​​sugarcane roots, and in the furrow catchment area, buried in the 0-20cm and 20-40cm soil layers, respectively. During installation, a narrow groove was first dug beside the sampling point, and the sensor probe was horizontally inserted into the target soil layer, ensuring close contact between the probe and the surrounding soil. Then, undisturbed soil was used for backfilling and compaction in layers, maintaining the soil structure around the sensor consistent with the field conditions. The sensors recorded the initial soil moisture content before rainfall, and continued to record the soil moisture content during and after rainfall. The difference between the soil moisture content after rainfall and the soil moisture content before rainfall is the change in soil moisture content. By deploying soil moisture sensors at different locations and in different soil layers, the infiltration degree of rainfall in different areas and soil layers can be identified, providing a data basis for determining whether the acidification effect of organic fertilizer is diminished due to leaching.

[0028] After the above equipment deployment is completed, rain gauges, runoff monitoring devices, and soil moisture sensors are connected to the same data acquisition terminal. The data acquisition terminal acquires monitoring data at sampling intervals of 5-15 minutes and assigns a unified timestamp to continuous rainfall, rainfall duration, field runoff intensity, and soil moisture content changes. The data acquisition terminal further binds each monitoring data with monitoring location identifiers, soil depth identifiers, and field zoning identifiers, and writes them into the rainfall disturbance dataset. Through unified timestamp and location identifier management, a correspondence between rainfall input, runoff output, and soil moisture content changes can be ensured, thereby improving the accuracy of subsequent base leaching risk identification and organic fertilizer compensation application regulation.

[0029] S2: Based on basic acidification status data and rainfall disturbance data, identify the risk of base leaching in the target sugarcane field after rainfall, and determine whether the acid-base buffer state formed by organic fertilizer has been weakened, generating the corresponding acidification effect attenuation level. In this embodiment, step S2 identifies the risk of base leaching in the target sugarcane field after rainfall. Specifically, this is used to determine whether rainfall during the rainy season weakens the retention of base ions such as calcium, magnesium, and potassium formed during the organic fertilizer acidification process. Specifically, the exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium, and exchangeable potassium contents are obtained at the same sampling location and soil depth before and after rainfall, and the decrease in each base ion is calculated to reflect the impact of rainfall leaching on the soil's base retention capacity. The decreases in exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium, and exchangeable potassium are calculated using the following formulas: ; ; ;in, Indicates the first The sampling location, the first The amount of exchangeable calcium decrease at each soil depth; Indicates the number of days before rainfall The sampling location, the first Exchangeable calcium content at each soil depth; Indicates the number of days after rainfall The sampling location, the first Exchangeable calcium content at each soil depth; Indicates the first The sampling location, the first The decrease in exchangeable magnesium at each soil depth; Indicates the number of days before rainfall The sampling location, the first Exchangeable magnesium content at each soil depth; Indicates the number of days after rainfall The sampling location, the first Exchangeable magnesium content at each soil depth; Indicates the first The sampling location, the first The decrease in exchangeable potassium at each soil depth; Indicates the number of days before rainfall The sampling location, the first Exchangeable potassium content at each soil depth; Indicates the number of days after rainfall The sampling location, the first Exchangeable potassium content at each soil depth; Indicates the sampling location number; This indicates the soil layer depth number. After obtaining the decrease in the amount of each basic ion, the decrease in exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium, and exchangeable potassium at the same sampling location and soil layer depth is normalized to form a comprehensive basic ion decrease index. Its expression is: ,in, Indicates the first The sampling location, the first The comprehensive decrease index of basic ions at each soil depth; This indicates the relative decrease in exchangeable calcium. This indicates the relative decrease in exchangeable magnesium. The value represents the relative decrease in exchangeable potassium; 0.40, 0.35, and 0.25 represent the weighting coefficients of exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium, and exchangeable potassium in the comprehensive decrease index of basic ions, respectively. In the above weighting settings, exchangeable calcium and exchangeable magnesium directly affect the base saturation state and acid-base buffering capacity of acidic soils, therefore they are assigned relatively high weights of 0.40 and 0.35, respectively; exchangeable potassium mainly reflects the retention status of available nutrients after rainfall, therefore it is assigned a weight of 0.25. Through the above weighted calculation, the decrease in different basic ions can be uniformly converted into a comparable comprehensive decrease index of basic ions, facilitating subsequent risk level determination.

[0030] Furthermore, the comprehensive decline index of basic ions, continuous rainfall, field runoff intensity, and changes in soil moisture content are all incorporated into the basic leaching risk assessment to obtain the basic leaching risk index, the expression of which is: ,in, Indicates the first The sampling location, the first Base leaching risk index at each soil depth; Indicates the first The sampling location, the first The comprehensive decrease index of basic ions at each soil depth; This indicates the continuous rainfall amount during the current rainfall event; This indicates the preset rainfall baseline value; This indicates the overall field runoff intensity of the target sugarcane field; This indicates the preset runoff intensity benchmark value; This indicates the overall change in soil moisture content of the target sugarcane field; This represents the preset baseline value for moisture content change, with a value of [value missing]. In the above formula, the weight of the comprehensive basic ion decline index is 0.45, used to highlight the actual basic ion loss results; the weights of continuous rainfall and field runoff intensity are both 0.20, used to characterize the rainfall input intensity and leaching disturbance brought out by surface runoff; the weight of soil moisture content change is 0.15, used to characterize the driving effect of water infiltration on soil basic migration. After calculating the basic leaching risk index, the basic leaching risk level is determined according to the following rules: when When, it is determined to be low risk; when When, it was determined to be medium risk; when When a certain threshold is reached, the area is identified as high-risk. Of the thresholds mentioned above, 0.30 is used to distinguish between a slight decrease in base ions and a situation where rainfall disturbance has not caused significant leaching; 0.60 is used to distinguish between a situation where a significant decrease in base ions has occurred and a situation where rainfall, runoff, and changes in moisture content have caused significant leaching. When the target sugarcane field contains multiple sampling locations and multiple soil depths, the base leaching risk index is calculated separately according to the sampling location and soil depth, and the highest risk level in each zone is used as the base leaching risk level for that zone. This allows for the priority identification of locations prone to base leaching, such as furrow catchment areas and the lower soil layer of the root zone, avoiding the underestimation of local high-risk areas due to a uniform assessment of the entire field, thereby improving the targeting of subsequent zoned compensation applications.

[0031] In this embodiment, it is determined whether the acid-base buffering state formed by organic fertilizer has decayed, and a decay level of acid-regulating effect is generated. Specifically, this is used to determine whether the acid-regulating buffering effect formed by previously applied organic fertilizer has been weakened by leaching after rainfall during the rainy season. During the determination, the soil pH, exchangeable aluminum content, exchangeable calcium content, exchangeable magnesium content, exchangeable potassium content, and organic matter content after rainfall are compared with the target control values ​​formed after the application of organic fertilizer during the current treatment cycle, respectively, to obtain the deviation of each indicator. Through the above comparison, the change in the acid-regulating effect of organic fertilizer can be expanded from a single pH change to a comprehensive judgment of acidity, aluminum toxicity risk, base retention, and organic matter buffering base, thereby improving the accuracy of decay identification.

[0032] The decrease in soil pH is calculated using the following formula: ; The increase in exchangeable aluminum is calculated using the following formula: ; The decrease in basic ion concentration is calculated using the following formula: ;in, Indicates the amount of soil pH decrease; This indicates the target soil pH value formed after the application of organic fertilizer during the current treatment cycle; This indicates the soil pH value after rainfall; Indicates the increase in exchangeable aluminum, in units of ; Indicates the exchangeable aluminum content after rainfall; This indicates the target exchangeable aluminum content formed after the application of organic fertilizer during the current treatment cycle; This indicates the overall decrease in the amount of basic ions; , , These represent the target exchangeable calcium content, target exchangeable magnesium content, and target exchangeable potassium content formed after the application of organic fertilizer during the current treatment cycle; , 、 These represent the exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium, and exchangeable potassium contents after rainfall, respectively; 0.40, 0.35, and 0.25 represent the weighting coefficients of exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium, and exchangeable potassium in the overall decrease of basic ions, respectively; in the above formulas, each basic ion is calculated using its relative decrease ratio, which avoids comparison bias caused by different ion concentrations. The acid-base buffering state formed by organic fertilizer is considered to have decayed when any of the following conditions are met: soil pH decrease. Greater than or equal to the pH decay threshold Increase in exchangeable aluminum Greater than or equal to the aluminum attenuation threshold Overall decrease in basic ions Greater than or equal to the base decay threshold By setting three judgment entry points, it can identify the attenuation of acid adjustment effect caused by acidity decline, aluminum ion activation and base loss, respectively, avoiding missed judgments caused by judging solely by pH changes.

[0033] In this embodiment, the attenuation level of the acidity adjustment effect is determined according to the following rules: when or or When, it is judged as slight attenuation; when or or When, it is determined to be moderate attenuation; when or or When the condition is deemed severe, it is classified as severely degraded. If multiple indicators correspond to different degrade levels, the highest degrade level is used as the degrade level of the acid-adjusting effect at the current sampling location and soil depth. This ensures that the acid-adjusting effect degrade identification results prioritize the response to acidification rebound states with higher risks, providing a clear basis for subsequent compensation application strategies.

[0034] In this embodiment, the pH decay determination threshold Aluminum attenuation judgment threshold and base decay determination threshold The determination is based on stable monitoring data generated after the application of organic fertilizer during the current treatment cycle. Specifically, after the organic fertilizer application is completed and the stable period begins, soil monitoring data is collected three times consecutively, on days 10, 20, and 30 after application. The soil pH, exchangeable aluminum content, and comprehensive index of basic ions collected each time are calculated to obtain the natural fluctuation value between two adjacent monitoring data points within the stable period. The average value of each natural fluctuation value is then multiplied by an amplification factor to obtain the corresponding attenuation judgment threshold. The specific expression is as follows: ; ; ;in, Indicates the pH decay threshold; This indicates the threshold for determining aluminum degradation. This indicates the threshold for determining base decay. These represent soil pH values ​​collected on the 10th, 20th, and 30th days after organic fertilizer application, respectively. The values ​​represent the exchangeable aluminum content collected on the 10th, 20th, and 30th days after the application of organic fertilizer, respectively. These represent the comprehensive index of basic ions calculated on the 10th, 20th, and 30th days after the application of organic fertilizer, respectively. The threshold amplification factors for pH, exchangeable aluminum, and basic ion comprehensive indicators are respectively set to 2.0. The above threshold determination method is based on the average natural fluctuation during the stabilization period after organic fertilizer application, and the influence of short-term field fluctuations and detection errors is eliminated through a 2.0 amplification factor. When the deviation of the corresponding indicator after rainfall reaches this threshold, it indicates that the change has exceeded the normal fluctuation range within the stabilization period, and can be identified as a decrease in acidification effect caused by leaching during the rainy season. Obtaining the attenuation judgment threshold through the above method allows the threshold source to directly correspond to the current field, organic fertilizer batch, and treatment cycle, thereby improving the adaptability between different sugarcane plots.

[0035] S3: Determine the organic fertilizer compensation application strategy based on the attenuation level of the acidification effect. The organic fertilizer compensation application strategy includes the amount of supplementary application, the area of ​​supplementary application, the depth of supplementary application, and the proportion of alkaline conditioning materials used in combination with organic fertilizer. In this embodiment, step S3 determines the supplementary application amount based on the attenuation level of the acid-adjusting effect. Specifically, it converts the mild, moderate, and severe attenuation results obtained in step S2 into the organic fertilizer compensation application amount. The supplementary application amount is not determined using a fixed amount per acre. Instead, a basic supplementary application amount is first determined based on the attenuation level of the acid-adjusting effect, and then incrementally corrected based on the base leaching risk level. This ensures that the supplementary application amount simultaneously reflects both the degree of acid-base buffer attenuation and the intensity of leaching during the rainy season. Specifically, when the attenuation level of the acid-adjusting effect is mild, a first basic supplementary application amount is determined; when the attenuation level is moderate, a second basic supplementary application amount is determined; and when the attenuation level is severe, a third basic supplementary application amount is determined. The first basic supplementary application amount is 20% of the previous organic fertilizer application amount, the second basic supplementary application amount is 35% of the previous organic fertilizer application amount, and the third basic supplementary application amount is 50% of the previous organic fertilizer application amount. This setup allows the supplementary application amount to increase with the degree of attenuation of the acid-adjusting effect, avoiding excessive supplementation in cases of mild attenuation and insufficient compensation in cases of severe attenuation.

[0036] The amount of basic supplementary application is determined according to the following formula: ,in, Indicates the amount of basic supplementary application; This indicates the amount of organic fertilizer applied in the previous treatment cycle. This indicates the basic application coefficient corresponding to the attenuation level; when the acidity adjustment effect attenuation level is mild attenuation... When the acidity adjustment effect attenuation level is moderate, When the acidity adjustment effect attenuation level is severe, The aforementioned basic supplementary application coefficient uses the original application rate as a reference to maintain a correlation between the supplementary application rate and previous treatment inputs, ensuring a unified conversion basis across different fields. Furthermore, after determining the basic supplementary application rate, an incremental adjustment is made based on the base leaching risk level. When the base leaching risk level is low, no increase in the supplementary application rate is made; when the base leaching risk level is medium, the basic supplementary application rate is increased. When the base leaching risk level is high, increase the amount of base application. This correction method incorporates the actual risk of base ion loss after rainfall into the calculation of reapplication amount, ensuring that the reapplication amount corresponds to the degree of weakening of the acidification effect caused by leaching during the rainy season. The organic fertilizer reapplication amount is determined according to the following formula: ,in, This indicates the amount of organic fertilizer applied to the target sugarcane field during the current treatment cycle; Indicates the amount of basic supplementary application; This represents the incremental correction coefficient corresponding to the base leaching risk level; when the base leaching risk level is low risk... When the base leaching risk level is medium risk, When the base leaching risk level is high, The aforementioned incremental correction coefficient is used to compensate for the additional weakening of base retention capacity due to leaching during the rainy season, ensuring that the reapplication amount is controlled by both the acidity adjustment effect attenuation level and the base leaching risk level. In actual implementation, if the same target sugarcane field is divided into multiple reapplication zones, the reapplication amount for each zone is calculated according to the acidity adjustment effect attenuation level and the base leaching risk level corresponding to each zone. No reapplication is applied in the maintenance zone; general reapplication zones apply the calculated amount; and key reapplication zones prioritize meeting the lateral burial needs of the deep root zone based on the calculated amount. This ensures a consistent control relationship between the reapplication amount, the reapplication area, and the reapplication depth, avoiding local over- or under-application caused by uniform reapplication across the entire field.

[0037] In this embodiment, the reapplication area is determined by dividing the target sugarcane field into zones based on the degree of runoff collection, soil infiltration, and basic ion reduction at different locations after rainy season. This process uses changes in field runoff intensity, soil moisture content, and basic ion reduction as criteria to divide the target sugarcane field into key reapplication areas, general reapplication areas, and maintenance areas, ensuring that the location of organic fertilizer reapplication corresponds to the location where the acidification effect is reduced due to rainy season leaching. Specifically, the target sugarcane field is first divided into multiple areas to be determined according to the monitoring locations between sugarcane rows, lateral distribution areas of sugarcane roots, and furrow catchment areas. The field runoff intensity, soil moisture content change, and basic ion reduction corresponding to each area to be determined are then extracted. The decrease in basic ions is represented by the combined decrease in exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium, and exchangeable potassium, reflecting the degree of weakening of soil basic ion retention capacity after rainfall. Field runoff intensity reflects the degree of surface water erosion. Changes in soil moisture content reflect the extent to which rainfall infiltration promotes soil basic ion migration. By using these three indicators together to determine the remediation area, we can avoid determining the remediation range solely based on topography or rainfall, ensuring that the remediation area is consistent with the actual leaching attenuation state.

[0038] In this embodiment, the area determination can be performed according to the following rules: when the field runoff intensity of a certain area to be determined reaches the key runoff threshold and the decrease in basic ions reaches the key basic ion decrease threshold, the area to be determined is identified as a key remedial area; when the decrease in basic ions of a certain area to be determined reaches the general basic ion decrease threshold, but does not simultaneously meet the conditions for a key remedial area, the area to be determined is identified as a general remedial area; when the decrease in basic ions of a certain area to be determined does not reach the general basic ion decrease threshold, the area to be determined is identified as a maintenance area. This determination method can prioritize the identification of areas significantly affected by leaching, such as furrow catchment areas, slope toe areas, and the lower part of the root zone, reducing ineffective remediation in areas where acidification has not significantly decreased.

[0039] The region determination expression is as follows: ,in, Indicates the first The type of supplementary application area for the area to be determined; Indicates key areas for remedial treatment; Indicates a general remedial area; Indicates the area to be maintained; Indicates the first The field runoff intensity of the area to be determined; representing the... The comprehensive decrease index of basic ions in the region to be determined; This represents the key runoff threshold, with a value of [value missing]. ; This indicates the threshold for the decrease of the critical base, and its value is [value missing]. ; This represents the general base-decreasing threshold, with a value of [value missing]. ; This indicates the region number to be determined. Among the thresholds mentioned above, It is consistent with the preset runoff intensity benchmark value and is used to identify areas where significant water outflow has been formed; Used to identify areas where basic ions have shown a need for reapplication; This method is used to identify areas where the basic ion level has dropped to meet the key compensation requirements. By combining the runoff intensity threshold with the basic ion level drop threshold, the key compensation area can simultaneously meet the two conditions of water migration drive and basic ion level drop, avoiding misjudgment caused by short-term water accumulation or fluctuations in a single test.

[0040] In this embodiment, determining the reapplication depth is based on the distribution of basic ions in different soil layers after rainy season, to determine the soil layer where organic fertilizer should be applied for compensation. Since sugarcane fields experience both surface erosion and downward leaching during the rainy season, simply spreading organic fertilizer on the soil surface is insufficient to restore the acid-base buffering state below the root zone; uniform deep application would increase operating costs and cause unnecessary disturbance. Therefore, this method determines the reapplication depth based on the decrease in exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium, and exchangeable potassium in the 0-20cm and 20-40cm soil layers, ensuring the reapplication location corresponds to the actual basic leaching layer. Specifically, the decrease in exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium, and exchangeable potassium in the 0-20cm and 20-40cm soil layers within the same reapplication area is first obtained, and the shallow basic ion decrease index and the lower basic ion decrease index are calculated using the comprehensive basic ion decrease index calculation method. The shallow base depletion index characterizes the weakening of the acidification buffering effect of organic fertilizer in the 0-20cm soil layer; the lower base depletion index characterizes the degree of base deficiency in the lower root zone (20-40cm) after leaching. Stratified calculation avoids relying solely on surface soil data to determine application depth, providing a clear soil layer basis for determining application depth. The shallow and lower base depletion indices can be determined as follows: ; ;in, express Shallow base reduction index of soil layers; express The base reduction index of the lower soil layer; , 、 They represent Decrease in exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium, and exchangeable potassium in the soil layer; , , These represent the period before rainfall. The exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium, and exchangeable potassium content of the soil layer; , , They represent Decrease in exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium, and exchangeable potassium in the soil layer; , , These represent the period before rainfall. The exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium, and exchangeable potassium content of the soil layer.

[0041] When determining the depth of reapplication, when and At that time, it was determined that the decrease in basic ions mainly occurred during For the soil layer, apply organic fertilizer to the shallow mixed soil area. The application depth in the shallow mixed soil area should be controlled as follows: When applying fertilizer, dig shallow trenches along the sugarcane rows or the lateral distribution area of ​​the roots, evenly spread the organic fertilizer into the trenches, mix it with the topsoil, and then cover it back up. This shallow soil mixing treatment can restore the acid-base buffering state formed by the organic fertilizer in the topsoil and reduce the impact of the decrease in surface bases after rain on the subsequent absorption environment of sugarcane.

[0042] when and At that time, it was determined that the decrease in basic ions occurred simultaneously with... Soil layers and Apply organic fertilizer to the soil layer, specifically to the lateral application zone around the base of the sugarcane plant. The burial depth is controlled at the following locations: When applying fertilizer to a depth of 30cm, dig a lateral fertilization trench along one side of the sugarcane planting row, place the organic fertilizer into the trench, and then cover and compact the soil. Lateral application to the root zone allows the compensating fertilizer to penetrate the lower soil layer affected by leaching, thus restoring the soil's moisture content. The soil layer maintains its base status and serves as a buffer against acid and alkali.

[0043] when and If the corresponding area is determined not to meet the conditions for adjusting the application depth, the area will maintain its original application status and continue monitoring; when and If concentrated leaching in the lower layers is detected, organic fertilizer will still be applied to the lateral burial area of ​​the root zone, while minimizing surface disturbance. This method balances surface erosion-induced base degradation and lower infiltration-induced base degradation, ensuring the application depth matches the leaching layer during the rainy season. The aforementioned 0.15 threshold is consistent with the general base degradation threshold, indicating that the corresponding soil layer has reached a state requiring compensatory application for base degradation. Using the same criteria ensures consistent technical logic between the division of application areas and the determination of application depth.

[0044] In this embodiment, the proportion of alkaline conditioner applied in conjunction with organic fertilizer is determined to adjust the ratio of organic fertilizer to alkaline conditioner in the compensatory application material after the acid-regulating effect of organic fertilizer has diminished due to leaching during the rainy season. This adjustment is based on the current degree of soil acidification rebound and the activation level of exchangeable aluminum. The alkaline conditioner can be agricultural lime, dolomite powder, or calcium-magnesium alkaline soil conditioner. Its function is to work with organic fertilizer to restore the soil's acid-base buffering state and suppress the risk of root zone acid damage caused by increased exchangeable aluminum content after rainfall. By linking the proportion of alkaline conditioner with soil pH, exchangeable aluminum content, and the degree of acid-regulating effect attenuation, the problem of simply increasing the amount of organic fertilizer applied without timely restoration of the acid-base buffering capacity can be avoided. Specifically, after determining the amount of organic fertilizer applied, the soil pH and exchangeable aluminum content of the current application area are obtained, and the degree of acid-regulating effect attenuation is read. When the soil pH decreases slightly, the exchangeable aluminum content does not increase significantly, and the acidification effect is only slightly reduced, the compensating material should be mainly organic fertilizer, with alkaline conditioning materials maintaining a low proportion. When the soil pH decreases and the exchangeable aluminum content increases, and the acidification effect is moderately or severely reduced, the proportion of alkaline conditioning materials in the compensating material should be increased, so that the compensating material can simultaneously replenish organic matter and rapidly buffer acidity.

[0045] In this embodiment, the mass ratio of alkaline conditioning material is determined according to the following formula: ,in, This indicates the mass percentage of alkaline conditioning materials in the compensating application materials; This represents the basic percentage, with a value of [value missing]. ; Indicates the percentage of soil pH correction; Indicates the percentage of exchangeable aluminum corrected; This indicates the percentage of pH correction that accounts for the attenuation of the acidification effect. The percentage of soil pH correction is determined according to the following rule: if the current soil pH is not lower than 5.5, If the current soil pH value is greater than or equal to 5.0 and less than 5.5, If the current soil pH is less than 5.0, This setting allows the proportion of alkaline conditioning materials to increase as the degree of soil acidification increases.

[0046] The corrected percentage of exchangeable aluminum is determined according to the following rules: when the exchangeable aluminum content is less than... hour, When the exchangeable aluminum content is greater than or equal to and less than hour, When the exchangeable aluminum content is greater than or equal to hour, This setting allows for an increase in the proportion of alkaline conditioning materials when the degree of exchangeable aluminum activation increases, thus enabling the compensating materials to have a stronger ability to alleviate aluminum toxicity.

[0047] The percentage of correction for the attenuation level of acidity adjustment effect is determined according to the following rules: When the attenuation level of acidity adjustment effect is slight attenuation... When the acidity adjustment effect attenuation level is moderate, When the acidity adjustment effect attenuation level is severe, This setting allows the proportion of alkaline conditioning materials to increase synchronously with the decay of the organic fertilizer's acid-conditioning buffer state, thus matching the compensation application material with the actual decay state. To avoid excessively high proportions of alkaline conditioning materials causing rapid local pH increases and fluctuations in nutrient availability, the upper limit of the mass proportion of alkaline conditioning materials in the compensation application material is set at 0.35. When the calculated... If the value is greater than 0.35, it should be treated as 0.35; when the calculated value is... If the value is less than or equal to 0.35, the calculation result shall be followed. The expression is: ,in, This indicates the percentage of alkaline conditioning materials used in the final application. This indicates the percentage of alkaline conditioning material mass calculated based on soil pH, exchangeable aluminum content, and the attenuation level of acidification effect; 0.35 represents the upper limit of the percentage of alkaline conditioning material mass.

[0048] After determining the final mass ratio of the alkaline conditioner, the application rate of the alkaline conditioner is calculated based on the organic fertilizer supplementation rate determined according to claim 6. The expression is: ,in, Indicates the amount of alkaline conditioning material applied; This indicates the percentage of alkaline conditioning materials used in the final application. This formula indicates the amount of organic fertilizer supplemented. It uses the mass ratio of alkaline conditioning materials in the total amount of compensating materials as a constraint, ensuring a stable ratio between organic fertilizer and alkaline conditioning materials. The above ratio determination method uses the current soil pH as an indicator of acidification level, exchangeable aluminum content as an indicator of aluminum toxicity risk, and the attenuation level of acidification effect as an indicator of the degree of damage to the buffering capacity of organic fertilizer after leaching during the rainy season. This makes the source of the alkaline conditioning material ratio clear and the adjustment basis explicit. Through this method, the acidity buffering capacity of the compensating materials can be improved under moderate and severe attenuation conditions, while preserving the restorative effect of organic fertilizer on organic matter and base retention capacity, thereby improving the stability of sugarcane field acidification control after the rainy season.

[0049] S4: Implement zoned compensation application of organic fertilizer to the target sugarcane fields according to the organic fertilizer compensation application strategy, collect soil acidification recovery data after compensation application, compare the soil acidification recovery data with the target acidification treatment status, and update the organic fertilizer application control parameters for the next treatment cycle. In this embodiment, S4 collects soil acidification recovery data after compensation application and updates the organic fertilizer application control parameters for the next treatment cycle. Specifically, this is used to verify the acidification recovery effect after compensation application and to feed back the verification results to the next treatment cycle. After compensation application is completed, soil samples are collected from key compensation areas, general compensation areas, and maintenance areas at preset time intervals, and the soil pH, exchangeable aluminum content, exchangeable calcium content, exchangeable magnesium content, exchangeable potassium content, and organic matter content are tested. The preset time intervals are set to 15 days, 30 days, and 60 days after compensation application, thereby covering the initial recovery, intermediate stabilization, and late maintenance states after the organic fertilizer and alkaline conditioning materials enter the soil.

[0050] Soil acidification recovery data include soil pH recovery, decrease in exchangeable aluminum, recovery of exchangeable calcium, recovery of exchangeable magnesium, recovery of exchangeable potassium, and changes in organic matter. Each recovery data point is determined based on the difference before and after compensation application, as shown in the following expressions: ; ; ; ; ; ;in, Indicates the soil pH recovery value; This indicates the soil pH value collected after the application of compensatory treatment. This indicates the soil pH value collected before the application of compensation. Indicates the decrease in exchangeable aluminum; Indicates the exchangeable aluminum content before compensation application; Indicates the exchangeable aluminum content after compensation application; These represent the exchangeable calcium recovery, exchangeable magnesium recovery, and exchangeable potassium recovery, respectively. These represent the exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium, and exchangeable potassium contents before the application of the supplementary treatment. These represent the exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium, and exchangeable potassium contents after compensatory application, respectively. Indicates the change in organic matter; This indicates the organic matter content before the application of compensation; This indicates the organic matter content after compensation application. To facilitate a unified assessment of the recovery effects of different indicators, the above recovery data is converted into an acidification recovery index. The acidification recovery index is calculated using the following formula: ,in, Indicates the acidification recovery index; Indicates the pH decay threshold; This indicates the threshold for determining aluminum degradation. These represent the target exchangeable calcium content, target exchangeable magnesium content, and target exchangeable potassium content, respectively. The target organic matter content is represented by 0.30, 0.25, 0.30 and 0.15, respectively, which represent the weighting coefficients of pH recovery, decrease in exchangeable aluminum, recovery of basic ions and changes in organic matter in the acidification recovery index. Through the above calculation, the acidity recovery, aluminum toxicity relief, basic ion compensation and organic matter improvement after compensation application can be unified into comparable recovery results.

[0051] After obtaining the acidification recovery index, it is compared with the target acidification treatment state; when When the compensation application is deemed to have reached the target recovery state, the current rainfall disturbance trigger threshold, acidification effect attenuation level judgment threshold, and organic fertilizer supplementation amount correction coefficient will be maintained in the next treatment cycle; when If the compensation application is deemed to have achieved partial recovery, the correction factor for the organic fertilizer application rate will be increased in the next treatment cycle. ;when If the compensation application is deemed insufficient to achieve a recovery state, the rainfall disturbance trigger threshold will be lowered in the next treatment cycle. The threshold for determining the attenuation level of acid-adjusting effect is lowered. And increase the correction coefficient for organic fertilizer supplementation. Through the aforementioned tiered feedback mechanism, the next treatment cycle can be made more sensitive to leaching disturbances during the rainy season, and the intensity of compensation application can be increased. Specifically, the parameter updates for the next treatment cycle can be implemented as follows: ; ; ;in, This indicates the threshold for triggering rainfall disturbances in the next governance cycle; This indicates the rainfall disturbance trigger threshold for the current governance cycle; This represents the adjustment coefficient for the rainfall disturbance trigger threshold. The value is 0.10 in the current state and 0 in other states. This indicates the threshold for determining the attenuation level of the acidity adjustment effect in the next treatment cycle; This indicates the threshold for determining the attenuation level of the acidity adjustment effect during the current treatment cycle. include and This represents the adjustment coefficient for the attenuation level determination threshold. Use 0.10 for the current state and 0.10 for other states. ; This represents the correction factor for the amount of organic fertilizer to be applied in the next treatment cycle. This represents the correction factor for the amount of organic fertilizer supplemented during the current treatment cycle; This indicates the incremental adjustment for the supplementary application amount, when When the value is 0.10, When the value is 0.20, Take 0 at that time.

[0052] The parameter update process described above is based on the actual recovery results after compensation application, rather than using fixed empirical values ​​to enter the next treatment cycle. When the recovery effect is insufficient, the system identifies leaching disturbances earlier after the next rainy season by lowering the rainfall disturbance trigger threshold and attenuation level judgment threshold; at the same time, the correction coefficient for organic fertilizer supplementation is increased to match the intensity of compensation application with the insufficient recovery results of the previous cycle. This forms a closed loop of compensation application—recovery evaluation—parameter correction—next cycle regulation, improving the stability of acidification control in sugarcane fields under continuous rainy season conditions.

[0053] This invention encompasses any substitutions, modifications, equivalent methods, and solutions made within the spirit and scope of this invention. To provide the public with a thorough understanding of this invention, specific details are described in detail in the following preferred embodiments; however, those skilled in the art will fully understand the invention even without these details. Furthermore, to avoid unnecessary misunderstanding of the essence of this invention, well-known methods, processes, procedures, components, and circuits are not described in detail.

[0054] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for regulating the application of organic fertilizer to address acidification in sugarcane fields, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Obtain basic acidification status data and rainfall disturbance data of the target sugarcane field within the current treatment cycle; S2: Based on basic acidification status data and rainfall disturbance data, identify the risk of base leaching in the target sugarcane field after rainfall, and determine whether the acid-base buffer state formed by organic fertilizer has been weakened, generating the corresponding acidification effect attenuation level. S3: Determine the organic fertilizer compensation application strategy based on the attenuation level of the acidification effect. The organic fertilizer compensation application strategy includes the amount of supplementary application, the area of ​​supplementary application, the depth of supplementary application, and the proportion of alkaline conditioning materials used in combination with organic fertilizer. S4: Implement zoned compensation application of organic fertilizer to the target sugarcane fields according to the organic fertilizer compensation application strategy, collect soil acidification recovery data after compensation application, compare the soil acidification recovery data with the target acidification treatment status, and update the organic fertilizer application control parameters for the next treatment cycle.

2. The method for regulating organic fertilizer application in sugarcane field acidification control according to claim 1, characterized in that, The basic acidification state data in S1 includes: Soil sampling points were set up in the sugarcane rows, the lateral distribution area of ​​sugarcane roots, and the furrow water catchment area of ​​the target sugarcane field, and soil samples were collected at two soil depths of 0-20cm and 20-40cm. The soil samples were tested for soil pH, exchangeable aluminum content, exchangeable calcium content, exchangeable magnesium content, exchangeable potassium content, and organic matter content, respectively, to generate basic acidification status data with sampling location and soil depth indicators.

3. The method for regulating organic fertilizer application in sugarcane field acidification control according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rainfall disturbance data in S1 includes: The continuous rainfall and duration of rainfall were obtained by rain gauges deployed in the target sugarcane field; the field runoff intensity was obtained by runoff monitoring devices deployed along the furrow drainage path; and the change in soil moisture content before and after rainfall was obtained by soil moisture sensors installed at different soil depths. The continuous rainfall, rainfall duration, field runoff intensity, and soil moisture content changes were written into the rainfall disturbance dataset according to a unified timestamp.

4. The method for regulating organic fertilizer application in sugarcane field acidification control according to claim 1, characterized in that, The risk of base leaching in the target sugarcane field after rainfall, as identified in S2, includes: The exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium, and exchangeable potassium contents were obtained at the same sampling location and soil depth before and after rainfall, and the decrease in exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium, and exchangeable potassium was calculated respectively. Based on the decrease in exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium, and exchangeable potassium, continuous rainfall, field runoff intensity, and soil moisture content, the risk level of base leaching in the target sugarcane field after rainfall is determined.

5. The method for regulating organic fertilizer application in sugarcane field acidification control according to claim 4, characterized in that, The attenuation levels of the acid-adjusting effect generated in S2 include: The soil pH, exchangeable aluminum content, exchangeable calcium content, exchangeable magnesium content, exchangeable potassium content, and organic matter content after rainfall were compared with the target control values ​​formed after the application of organic fertilizer during the current treatment cycle. When the soil pH value decreases, the exchangeable aluminum content increases, or the exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium, and exchangeable potassium content decreases to the corresponding attenuation threshold, it is determined that the acid-base buffer state formed by the organic fertilizer has attenuated, and three attenuation levels of acid-adjusting effect are generated according to the attenuation magnitude: mild attenuation, moderate attenuation, and severe attenuation.

6. The method for regulating organic fertilizer application in sugarcane field acidification control according to claim 5, characterized in that, The specific amount of supplementary application in S3 includes: The corresponding first, second, and third basic supplementary application amounts are determined based on mild, moderate, and severe attenuation, respectively. Then, based on the base leaching risk level, the first, second, or third basic supplementary application amount is incrementally adjusted to obtain the organic fertilizer supplementary application amount for the target sugarcane field within the current treatment cycle. Among them, the first, second, and third basic supplementary application amounts increase sequentially.

7. A method for regulating organic fertilizer application in sugarcane field acidification control according to claim 6, characterized in that, The re-application area in S3 specifically includes: Based on the changes in field runoff intensity, soil moisture content, and basic ion concentration, the target sugarcane fields are divided into key remediation areas, general remediation areas, and maintenance areas. Specifically, areas with high field runoff intensity and large basic ion concentration are designated as key remediation areas, areas where basic ion concentration meets the remediation criteria but field runoff intensity does not meet the key remediation criteria are designated as general remediation areas, and areas where basic ion concentration does not meet the remediation criteria are designated as maintenance areas.

8. The method for regulating organic fertilizer application in sugarcane field acidification control according to claim 7, characterized in that, The specific application depth in S3 includes: The depth of organic fertilizer application is determined based on the distribution of the decrease in exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium, and exchangeable potassium content at different soil depths. Specifically, when the decrease in basic ions occurs in the 0-20cm soil layer, organic fertilizer is applied to the shallow mixed soil area; when the decrease in basic ions occurs simultaneously in the 0-20cm and 20-40cm soil layers, organic fertilizer is applied to the lateral burial area in the root zone.

9. A method for regulating the application of organic fertilizer for sugarcane field acidification control according to claim 8, characterized in that, The specific proportions of the alkaline conditioning material used in combination with organic fertilizer in S3 include: Based on the current soil pH, exchangeable aluminum content, and the degree of acidification effect attenuation, determine the mixing ratio of alkaline conditioning materials and organic fertilizer; when the exchangeable aluminum content increases and the degree of acidification effect attenuation is moderate or severe, increase the mass proportion of alkaline conditioning materials in the compensating application materials.

10. A method for regulating organic fertilizer application in sugarcane field acidification control according to claim 1, characterized in that, S4 specifically includes: Soil acidification recovery data were collected at preset time intervals after the compensation application. The soil acidification recovery data included soil pH recovery value, decrease in exchangeable aluminum, recovery of exchangeable calcium, recovery of exchangeable magnesium, recovery of exchangeable potassium, and change in organic matter. The soil acidification recovery data is compared with the target acidification treatment status, and the rainfall disturbance trigger threshold, acidification effect attenuation level judgment threshold, and organic fertilizer supplementation correction coefficient are updated in the next treatment cycle based on the comparison results.

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