A crop disease partition prevention and treatment method based on coupling prediction of spore diffusion trajectory and field microclimate

Abstract

The application discloses a crop disease partition prevention and treatment method based on spore diffusion trajectory and field microclimate coupling prediction, and relates to the technical field of crop disease prediction and prevention and treatment. The application firstly acquires pathogen spore concentrations, wind field parameters, field microclimate prediction parameters and newly formed insect feeding damage formation time periods of multiple field regions; determines spore diffusion trajectories and spore predicted arrival time periods; judges complete tissue infection conditions according to the microclimate prediction parameters; judges whether the spore predicted arrival time periods and the newly formed insect feeding damage formation time periods coincide or not for the regions that do not meet the complete tissue infection conditions, and judges damage tissue infection conditions according to the microclimate prediction parameters of the time interval of the coincidence; determines disease risk partitions and implements partition prevention and treatment. The application can supplement the recognition of infection risks of newly formed insect feeding damage regions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of crop disease prediction and control technology, and in particular to a method for regional control of crop diseases based on the coupling prediction of spore diffusion trajectory and field microclimate. Background Technology

[0002] The occurrence of fungal diseases in crops in the field is closely related to the spread of pathogenic spores and environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity during infection. After the spores produced by the pathogenic fungi enter the air, they can be spread to surrounding plants by field airflows, and complete deposition, germination, and infection on suitable host tissue surfaces. Chinese invention patent application CN120526228A discloses an intelligent monitoring system for crop diseases and pests, which establishes airborne transmission trajectories based on the airborne transmission characteristics of pathogenic spores and combines real-time wind direction vector fields to extrapolate pathogen transmission. Field temperature and humidity are commonly used parameters for determining the infection risk after spore arrival. The paper "Dynamic Prediction Technology for Meteorological Suitability Level of Wheat Fusarium Head Blight in Jiangsu Province" (Chinese Agricultural Meteorology, Vol. 46, No. 9, 2025, pp. 1371-1381) determines disease-promoting conditions based on the average temperature and average relative humidity at different growth stages of wheat, and classifies the meteorological suitability level for Fusarium head blight accordingly. Therefore, determining the affected area based on spore dispersal information and assessing the risk of pathogen infection in conjunction with field microclimate conditions has become a technical approach for predicting fungal diseases in crops.

[0003] Besides temperature and humidity, the integrity of crop tissues also affects the invasion of some plant pathogenic fungi. Insect feeding can create feeding holes, boreholes, and epidermal damage on leaves, stems, ears, or other crop tissues. The study "The Effect of Chemical Control of Maize Ear-boring Insects on Reducing Fusarium oxysporum Ear Rot and Fumonisin" (Chinese Agricultural Science, Vol. 54, No. 17, 2021, pp. 3702-3711) investigated the relationship between damage from the Asian corn borer and peach borer and Fusarium oxysporum ear rot through field trials. The results showed that reducing damage from maize ear-boring insects simultaneously reduced the incidence and disease index of ear rot, indicating a clear correlation between ear damage caused by insect feeding and Fusarium oxysporum infection. Therefore, in crop diseases with wound infection characteristics, the presence of insect feeding damage in crop tissues is a field condition that needs to be considered in assessing infection risk.

[0004] Existing disease risk prediction methods based on spore dispersal and field microclimate can determine disease risk areas based on the spread of pathogenic spores and the corresponding temperature and humidity conditions. However, when the infection conditions corresponding to intact tissues are not met, existing methods still struggle to identify local infection risks by combining the expected arrival time of spores with the formation time of newly formed insect feeding damage, easily overlooking disease risk areas where newly formed feeding damage exists. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a crop disease zoning control method based on the coupling prediction of spore diffusion trajectory and field microclimate. This method can solve the problem that existing disease risk prediction methods have difficulty identifying local infection risk areas where the conditions for intact tissue infection are not met, but the expected arrival time of spores coincides with the time of new insect feeding damage. This method can distinguish and identify infection risk areas of intact tissue and infection risk areas of damaged tissue, and implement disease zoning control accordingly.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: A method for regional control of crop diseases based on the coupling prediction of spore dispersal trajectory and field microclimate includes: Obtain pathogen spore concentrations, wind field parameters, field microclimate prediction parameters, and the formation time of newly added insect feeding damage in multiple field areas within the target field; Based on the formation time of newly added insect feeding damage and the preset effective duration of damage, the effective infection time corresponding to the field area with newly added insect feeding damage is determined. The spore dispersal trajectory was determined based on the pathogen spore concentration and wind field parameters, and the expected arrival time of spores in each field area was determined based on the spore dispersal trajectory. Based on the predicted field microclimate parameters corresponding to the expected arrival time of spores, determine whether each field area meets the preset conditions for complete tissue infection; Field areas that meet the criteria for complete tissue infection are identified as risk areas for complete tissue infection. For field areas that do not meet the conditions for complete tissue infection, determine whether the expected arrival time of spores coincides with the effective infection time of the damage; For field areas where the expected arrival time of spores overlaps with the effective infection time of damage, the field microclimate prediction parameters corresponding to the overlapping time interval are used to determine whether the corresponding field area meets the preset conditions for infection of damaged tissue. Field areas that meet the conditions for tissue infection are identified as areas at risk of tissue infection. Disease risk zones are determined based on the infection risk areas of intact tissues and the infection risk areas of damaged tissues, and zoned prevention and control measures are implemented according to the disease risk zones.

[0007] Preferably, the pathogen spore concentration, wind field parameters, field microclimate prediction parameters, and the formation period of newly added insect feeding damage are obtained in multiple field areas within the target field, including: The pathogen spore concentration and wind field parameters for each field area were obtained according to the monitoring time. Obtain field microclimate prediction parameters for each field area according to the prediction period; Acquire crop tissue images of the same crop tissue in each field area at adjacent monitoring times, with the time interval between adjacent monitoring times not exceeding the effective duration of damage; Based on crop tissue images at adjacent monitoring times, newly emerging insect feeding damage at the next monitoring time is identified, and the insect feeding damage is defined as newly added insect feeding damage. The time interval between adjacent monitoring times is defined as the formation period of newly added insect feeding damage.

[0008] Preferably, the spore dispersal trajectory is determined based on pathogen spore concentration and wind field parameters, and the expected arrival time of spores in each field area is determined based on the spore dispersal trajectory, including: Based on the monitoring time when the pathogen spore concentration in each field area reaches the preset concentration change condition, the field area that first reaches the preset concentration change condition is determined, and the corresponding monitoring time period is determined as the baseline arrival time period. The propagation direction from the field area to the adjacent field area and the wind speed component along the propagation direction are determined based on the wind field parameters at different monitoring times. Adjacent field areas are determined sequentially according to the direction of propagation, forming a spore dispersal trajectory; The propagation time between adjacent field areas is determined based on the distance along the propagation direction and the corresponding wind speed component in the spore diffusion trajectory. Starting from the baseline arrival time, the expected arrival time of spores in each field area is determined by accumulating the propagation time according to the spore diffusion trajectory.

[0009] Preferably, based on the predicted field microclimate parameters corresponding to the expected spore arrival time, it is determined whether each field area meets the preset conditions for intact tissue infection, including: Determine the temperature, relative humidity, and duration of surface moisture on crop tissue corresponding to the expected arrival time of spores; Temperature, relative humidity, and duration of wetting on crop tissue surfaces were compared with the temperature range, relative humidity threshold, and duration of wetting threshold for intact tissue infection in the intact tissue infection conditions, respectively. When the temperature is within the temperature range for complete tissue infection, the relative humidity reaches the relative humidity threshold for complete tissue infection, and the duration of wetting on the crop tissue surface reaches the duration of wetting for complete tissue infection, the corresponding field area is determined to meet the conditions for complete tissue infection.

[0010] Preferably, the conditions for infection of intact tissue, the effective duration of injury, and the conditions for infection of damaged tissue are determined through a prior inoculation test, which includes: Under the same crop growth stage and the same pathogen spore inoculation amount, crop tissues without insect feeding damage were set up, and the temperature, relative humidity and crop tissue surface wetting time were changed to determine the corresponding temperature, relative humidity and crop tissue surface wetting time when the target pathogen infection occurred. Based on the temperature, relative humidity, and duration of surface wetting of crop tissues that have not been damaged by insect feeding when the target pathogen is infected, the temperature range, relative humidity threshold, and duration of wetting of intact tissues are determined to form the conditions for intact tissue infection. Under the same crop growth stage and the same pathogen spore inoculation amount, crop tissues with insect feeding damage were set up, and the target pathogens were inoculated according to the different time after the damage was formed. The effective duration of the injury is determined based on the time range after the formation of the lesion that can lead to infection by the target pathogen. By changing the temperature of the inoculation environment within the effective duration of the injury, and determining the temperature range for infection of the damaged tissue based on the temperature range corresponding to the occurrence of target pathogen infection, the conditions for infection of the damaged tissue are formed.

[0011] Preferably, based on the formation time of the newly added insect feeding damage and the preset effective duration of the damage, the effective infection period corresponding to the field area with newly added insect feeding damage is determined, including: Determine the start and end times of the formation period of newly added insect feeding damage; The start time of the formation period is taken as the start time of the effective infection period of the damage; By extending the effective duration of damage backward from the end time of the formation period, the end time of the effective infection period of damage is obtained. The effective infection period of the injury is determined by the start and end times of the effective infection period.

[0012] Preferably, for field areas that do not meet the conditions for intact tissue infection, determining whether the expected arrival time of spores coincides with the effective infection time of the injury includes: Determine the start and end times of the expected spore arrival period, and determine the start and end times of the effective infection period of the damage; The later of the two start times is determined as the coincident start time, and the earlier of the two end times is determined as the coincident end time. When the start time of overlap is not later than the end time of overlap, it is determined that the expected arrival time of spores and the effective infection time of damage overlap, and the time interval between the start time of overlap and the end time of overlap is determined as the overlap time interval.

[0013] Preferably, for field areas where the expected arrival time of spores overlaps with the effective infection time of the damage, the field microclimate prediction parameters corresponding to the overlapping time interval are used to determine whether the corresponding field area meets the preset conditions for tissue infection, including: Determine the temperature corresponding to the overlapping time intervals from field microclimate prediction parameters; Compare the temperature with the temperature range of damaged tissue infection conditions; When the temperature is within the range of temperature range for infection of damaged tissue, the corresponding field area is determined to meet the conditions for infection of damaged tissue.

[0014] Preferably, the newly emerging insect feeding damage at the next monitoring time is determined based on crop tissue images from adjacent monitoring time points, including: Establish spatial correspondences between the same crop tissue locations in crop tissue images at adjacent monitoring times; The insect feeding damage areas were determined at the previous and subsequent monitoring times, respectively; Based on spatial correspondence, the insect feeding damage area at the previous monitoring time is mapped to the crop tissue image at the next monitoring time; Areas in the insect feeding damage region at the next monitoring time that do not correspond to the mapped insect feeding damage region at the previous monitoring time are identified as newly appearing insect feeding damage at the next monitoring time.

[0015] Preferably, during the implementation of zoned prevention and control, the following are also included: Obtain the concentration of pathogenic spores in each field area along the spore dispersal trajectory; When the concentration of pathogenic spores in any field area reaches the preset concentration change condition, the corresponding monitoring period will be determined as the actual arrival time of the field area, and the corresponding field area will be determined as the new benchmark area. Using the actual arrival time as the new baseline arrival time, and based on the wind field parameters after the corresponding time in the new baseline area, the propagation direction and propagation duration between adjacent field areas ahead of the propagation direction are re-determined. Based on the redefined direction and duration of propagation, the expected arrival time of spores in each field area ahead of the propagation direction is revised; The disease risk zones were updated based on the revised expected spore arrival time, the corresponding field microclimate prediction parameters, and the effective infection period of the damage.

[0016] The present invention discloses the following beneficial effects: This invention determines the spore diffusion trajectory by using pathogen spore concentration and wind field parameters in multiple field areas within a target field, and further determines the expected arrival time of spores in each field area. Then, it associates the expected arrival time of spores with the corresponding field microclimate prediction parameters, so that the disease risk assessment has both the spore dissemination location and the expected arrival time, reducing the spatial bias caused by judging the infection risk based solely on the spore concentration or microclimate conditions at a single location.

[0017] When the conditions for intact tissue infection are not met, this invention further compares the expected arrival time of spores with the formation time of newly formed insect feeding damage. Only when the two time periods overlap, the infection conditions of the damaged tissue are determined based on the field microclimate prediction parameters corresponding to the overlapping time intervals, thereby separately identifying the risk areas for intact tissue infection and the risk areas for damaged tissue infection. This method avoids directly incorporating insect feeding damage as a fixed risk factor into disease assessment and supplements the identification of field areas where the conditions for intact tissue infection are not met but the newly formed feeding damage coincides with the spore arrival time.

[0018] This invention determines disease risk zones based on the infection risk areas of intact tissue and the infection risk areas of damaged tissue, and implements zoned control measures according to these zones, ensuring that the control areas correspond to the judgment results of the two types of infection conditions. Compared to determining control areas solely based on the infection conditions of intact tissue, disease risk zoning adds the identification of infection risk areas of damaged tissue, reducing the possibility that newly formed insect-infested damaged areas are classified as non-control areas. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a method provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a graph showing the cumulative propagation distance change from region A to region B, provided as an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a time interval overlap diagram of region B provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the field area risk assessment results provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 5This is a schematic diagram of the common boundary between region B and region C provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the system structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0028] Figure 1 The method flowchart provided in the embodiments of the present invention is as follows: Figure 1 As shown in the figure, this embodiment provides a method for regional control of crop diseases based on the coupling prediction of spore dispersal trajectory and field microclimate, including: Step 100: Obtain pathogen spore concentration, wind field parameters, field microclimate prediction parameters, and the formation time of newly added insect feeding damage in multiple field areas within the target field; Step 200: Based on the formation time of the newly added insect feeding damage and the preset effective duration of damage, determine the effective infection time of the damage in the field area where the newly added insect feeding damage exists; Step 300: Determine the spore diffusion trajectory based on the pathogen spore concentration and wind field parameters, and determine the expected arrival time of spores in each field area based on the spore diffusion trajectory; Step 400: Based on the predicted field microclimate parameters corresponding to the expected arrival time of spores, determine whether each field area meets the preset conditions for complete tissue infection; Step 500: Identify field areas that meet the conditions for intact tissue infection as intact tissue infection risk areas; Step 600: For field areas that do not meet the conditions for intact tissue infection, determine whether the expected arrival time of spores coincides with the effective infection time of the damage; Step 700: For field areas where the expected arrival time of spores overlaps with the effective infection time of damage, determine whether the corresponding field area meets the preset conditions for infection of damaged tissue based on the field microclimate prediction parameters corresponding to the overlapping time interval. Step 800: Identify field areas that meet the conditions for damaged tissue infection as areas at risk of damaged tissue infection; Step 900: Determine the disease risk zones based on the infection risk areas of intact tissues and the infection risk areas of damaged tissues, and implement zoned prevention and control measures according to the disease risk zones.

[0029] In one specific implementation, blackleg disease in rapeseed seedlings is used as the target pathogen, and the target pathogen is *Blacklegus causalus*. Leptosphaeria maculans Insect feeding damage is exemplified by newly formed flea beetle feeding holes, leaf margin notches, and epidermal ruptures on rapeseed cotyledons or young leaves. The number of flea beetles, the number of feeding holes, and the area of ​​damage do not directly translate into disease risk values. When intact tissue already meets the conditions for infection, insect feeding damage is no longer used to change the risk category of the corresponding field area.

[0030] Specifically, the target field was divided into multiple field zones based on the locations of pathogen spore monitoring and canopy microclimate monitoring. Each field zone was recorded with its zone number, zone boundaries, and zone center coordinates. The distance between the centers of adjacent field zones was used for subsequent propagation time calculations, and the direction of the line connecting the centers of two zones was used to determine the component of wind speed in the direction of regional propagation.

[0031] Pathogen spore concentrations were recorded according to the monitoring period. When using a volumetric air sampling device, air samples obtained during the sampling period were tested for the target pathogen and converted into the number of pathogen spores per unit air volume. When using an automated spore monitoring device, a correspondence between the identification results and the number of target pathogen spores was first established using a target pathogen reference sample, and then the monitoring results were converted into pathogen spore concentrations.

[0032] Sampling and detection can be separated in time. For example, if air sampling is completed between 09:00 and 09:30, and molecular detection is subsequently performed, the resulting pathogen spore concentration still corresponds to the original sampling period of 09:00 to 09:30, and the spore sampling time is not replaced by the time the detection is completed.

[0033] A certain background spore concentration exists in the field. To identify significant increases in concentration from continuous monitoring records, background concentration sequences can be obtained during low-risk disease stages. The background average concentration of each field area is denoted as The background standard deviation is denoted as This embodiment uses the following formula to determine the first... Concentration determination values ​​for each field area: In the formula, Indicates the first Determination values ​​for pathogen spore concentration in each field area.

[0034] In field region A, the average pathogen spore concentration during the background phase was 7.0 spores per cubic meter, and the background standard deviation was 1.5 spores per cubic meter. Therefore: The concentration threshold for region A is 11.5 cubic meters per cubic meter.

[0035] The subsequent three consecutive monitoring results were 8.1 per cubic meter, 16.4 per cubic meter, and 19.1 per cubic meter, corresponding to 08:30, 09:00, and 09:30, respectively. The concentrations at 09:00 and 09:30 both exceeded 11.5 per cubic meter. Therefore, region A was designated as the field area where the current transmission process first reached the preset concentration change condition, with 09:00 to 09:30 as the baseline arrival time.

[0036] Isolated high values ​​during a single monitoring period do not alter the baseline area. Continuous monitoring results can mitigate single-point fluctuations caused by spore clusters passing through the sampling location over short periods.

[0037] Wind field parameters include wind speed and direction, with monitoring locations close to the crop canopy height. Field microclimate prediction parameters include temperature, relative humidity, and crop tissue surface moisture status. This example divides the microclimate prediction time unit into 10-minute intervals, covering the time range required for current spore dispersal.

[0038] Crop tissue images were used to identify newly formed insect feeding damage. Multiple fixed crop monitoring targets were set up in each field area, and the same leaf or the same crop tissue was kept within the corresponding imaging area at adjacent monitoring times.

[0039] Let the first The field area in the first The set of insect feeding damage areas identified at each monitoring time point is as follows: The damaged area at the previous monitoring time is denoted as [missing information] after spatial location mapping. The damage area at the next monitoring time point is compared with... The corresponding regions are removed, and the remaining regions are denoted as This will serve as a new set of insect feeding damage areas added to the current monitoring cycle.

[0040] Two feeding pores were found in the fixed cotyledon image acquired at 08:00 in region B. Five feeding pores were identified when the same cotyledon image was acquired again at 10:00. After spatial mapping, the original two feeding pores corresponded in both images, while the other three feeding pores only appeared in the 10:00 image. Therefore, these three feeding pores represent newly added insect feeding damage. The period from 08:00 to 10:00 was determined as the corresponding formation time.

[0041] The three newly added feeding holes are not required to have the same formation time. The image only shows that the new damage formed between 08:00 and 10:00, so subsequent calculations retain the time interval and do not further specify a specific minute as the damage formation time.

[0042] When the monitoring frequency is high, the formation period can be further shortened. If an image acquisition is added at 09:00 and two of the three newly added feeding holes are found to have appeared, then the two feeding holes correspond to 08:00 to 09:00, and the remaining feeding holes correspond to 09:00 to 10:00. Different formation periods are then used for subsequent time determination.

[0043] Specifically, newly formed wounds will not remain in the same state of infection for an extended period. The effective duration of the injury is predetermined based on the inoculation results of the target crop, the target pathogen, and the crop's growth stage.

[0044] In the inoculation experiment, the crop growth stage and the amount of pathogen spores were kept the same. Different time intervals after damage formation were set, including 0 h, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, and 24 h. Pathogen inoculation was completed at the corresponding time, and the disease occurrence was recorded. The age experiment of existing wounds for rapeseed black shank showed that wounds from 0 h to 4 h maintained a high degree of susceptibility, which decreased significantly after 8 h. The disease incidence of wounds at 12 h and 24 h was reduced by more than 90% compared to fresh wounds.

[0045] This embodiment uses 4 hours to illustrate the calculation of the effective duration of damage. The effective duration of damage is denoted as... .

[0046] Let the first The time period for the formation of new insect feeding damage in each field area is as follows: In the formula, Indicates the start time of the formation period. Indicates the end time of the formation period.

[0047] New damage may occur at any point between two monitoring times. After combining the effective time ranges of damage corresponding to all possible formation times, we obtain: In the formula, Indicates the first The effective infection period of damage in each field area.

[0048] The newly added insect feeding damage in area B occurred between 08:00 and 10:00. The effective duration of the damage was taken as 4 hours. Substituting these values, we get: The time interval from 08:00 to 14:00 represents the overall time range during which newly added damage in the current monitoring period may remain in a highly susceptible state. If a feeding hole is actually formed at 09:40, the corresponding effective state will not start from 08:00; the time interval setting preserves the time range caused by the inability of image monitoring to determine the exact formation time.

[0049] The interval between adjacent image monitoring times should be less than the effective duration of the injury. In this embodiment, the image monitoring interval is 2 hours, and the effective duration of the injury is 4 hours. Existing wounds that have been present for a longer period of time will not be used as newly added injuries.

[0050] Intact and damaged tissues were subjected to different infection conditions. The pathological relationship between the two tissue states is shown in Table 1.

[0051] Table 1. Parameters related to infection of intact and damaged tissues in rapeseed blackleg disease.

[0052] The inoculation relationships in Table 1 are used to determine the parameter ranges for the two infection conditions. For intact tissue, continuous leaf surface moisture after spore arrival is considered; for damaged tissue, wound formation time is also taken into account. Insect numbers and feeding hole numbers are not included in the numerical weighting between the two conditions.

[0053] Specifically, after region A first reaches the preset concentration change condition, the calculation starts from the baseline arrival time period from 09:00 to 09:30 and proceeds forward in the direction of propagation.

[0054] Meteorological wind direction indicates the direction from which air is coming. If the... The meteorological wind direction angle recorded in each time unit is The actual azimuth angle of air movement is denoted as ,but: Adjacent field areas and field area Determine the region by the center coordinates Pointing to area The azimuth angle. The minimum angle between the direction of regional propagation and the direction of air movement is denoted as . , No. The canopy wind speed in each time unit is Along the region Pointing to area The wind speed component in the direction is: when At that time, the current wind field has a regional characteristic. North Korea The positive propagation component. At that time, no increase in the direction of the region will be added in this time unit. The propagation distance in the direction.

[0055] No. The forward propagation distance generated by each time unit is denoted as: In the formula, Convert to seconds. The unit is meters.

[0056] The time unit corresponding to the start of propagation Starting from this point, accumulate the forward propagation distance of each time unit: In the formula, Indicates as of the date Time units along the region Pointing to area The propagation distance obtained by accumulating the directions.

[0057] area With the region The distance between them along the direction of propagation is denoted as First appearance: At that time, the spore dispersal front enters the region .

[0058] If the The accumulated time units had already been completed before the start of each time unit. The remaining distance is And the current time unit satisfies Then reach the area The remaining time required is: area The corresponding estimated arrival time is: In the formula, Indicates the first The start time of each time unit.

[0059] All of the above quantities are obtained directly from the regional distance, wind speed, wind direction, and time unit, without the need to set propagation weights.

[0060] Taking region A to region B as an example, the distance between the centers of the two regions along the propagation direction is 65 m.

[0061] Calculated from the baseline arrival time of 09:00. The effective wind speed component from 09:00 to 09:10 is 0.08 m / s. 10 minutes corresponds to 600 seconds. The propagation distance during this time period is: The remaining distance at 09:10 is: The effective wind speed component after 09:10 is 0.06 m / s, and it takes 17 m to propagate: 283.3 s is approximately 4 min 43 s, therefore the estimated arrival time of region B, calculated from 09:00, is approximately 09:14:43.

[0062] Figure 2 This is a graph showing the cumulative propagation distance change from region A to region B, provided as an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 In the diagram, the horizontal axis represents time, and the vertical axis represents the cumulative propagation distance from region A to region B, in meters. At 09:00, the cumulative propagation distance is 0 m; at 09:10, the cumulative propagation distance is 48 m; and at 09:14:43, the cumulative propagation distance reaches 65 m. The 65 m horizontal dashed line represents the center-to-center distance between region A and region B. The intersection of the broken line and the horizontal dashed line at 09:14:43 corresponds to the estimated arrival time of region B calculated from 09:00.

[0063] The baseline arrival time also has a termination point at 09:30. Restarting from 09:30, the effective wind speed component from 09:30 to 09:40 is 0.05 m / s, and the 10-minute propagation time is: 35 m remaining. The effective wind speed component after 09:40 is 0.07 m / s, then: 500 s is 8 min 20 s, which corresponds to the arrival time of 09:48:20.

[0064] Therefore, the expected arrival time of spores in region B is from 09:14:43 to 09:48:20. When processing by minute thereafter, this can be recorded as approximately 09:15 to 09:49.

[0065] The center distance between region B and region C is 80 m. The earliest propagation time is calculated from 09:14:43.

[0066] The effective wind speed component from 09:14:43 to 09:20 is 0.05 m / s, lasting 316.7 s, corresponding to: The effective wind speed component from 09:20 to 09:30 is 0.06 m / s, and the repropagation is as follows: The cumulative propagation distance is approximately 51.8 m, with approximately 28.2 m remaining. The effective wind speed component after 09:30 is 0.04 m / s, and the remaining propagation time is: Approximately 11 minutes and 44 seconds later, the earliest estimated arrival time for region C is approximately 09:41:44.

[0067] The latest propagation time is calculated from 09:48:20 in region B. The effective wind speed component from 09:48:20 to 10:00 is 0.04 m / s, propagating 28 m within 700 s; the effective wind speed component from 10:00 to 10:10 is 0.05 m / s, propagating another 30 m, for a total of 58 m. The remaining 22 m is calculated based on a subsequent wind speed of 0.03 m / s. Approximately 12 min 13 s, the latest estimated arrival time for region C is approximately 10:22:13.

[0068] The expected arrival time of spores in region C is thus determined to be approximately 09:42 to 10:23.

[0069] After a change in wind speed or direction, the calculation proceeds directly to the next time unit; it is not necessary to use the wind speed at a particular moment to represent the entire propagation phase. When the distance between regions is large, multiple time units can be accumulated consecutively; if the accumulated distance has not reached the distance between regions by the end of the prediction time range, the target region is not added to the current spore diffusion trajectory.

[0070] When two adjacent downwind areas exist in the same field, the effective wind speed components and cumulative propagation distances in both directions are calculated separately. Propagation directions that meet the arrival conditions are retained, and spore dispersal trajectories may branch.

[0071] Specifically, conditions for complete tissue infection are established through complete crop tissue inoculation experiments before field prediction. At inoculation, the crop variety, growth stage, and pathogen spore inoculation amount are kept the same, while post-inoculation temperature, relative humidity, and duration of continuous leaf wetting are varied. The parameter combinations that induce target pathogen infection form the complete tissue infection experiment record.

[0072] In the temperature experiment, the lowest and highest temperatures continuously observed for infection were used to determine the temperature range for complete tissue infection. The relative humidity experiment obtained the relative humidity threshold for complete tissue infection. After the temperature and relative humidity met the corresponding conditions, the inoculation results under different continuous leaf wetting times were compared to determine the wetting duration threshold for complete tissue infection.

[0073] In this embodiment, subsequent calculations used a set of judgment parameters: a temperature range of 8°C to 24°C for intact tissue infection, a relative humidity threshold of 90% for intact tissue infection, and a wet duration threshold of 12 hours for intact tissue infection. If the target crop variety, target pathogen strain, or growth stage changes, these parameters are redefined according to the corresponding inoculation test records.

[0074] The duration of leaf surface moisture is calculated from the point after the spores may reach the crop tissue.

[0075] If the start and end times of a continuous leaf wetting process are respectively and The arrival time of candidate spores is The duration of continuous moisture after the spores arrive is denoted as . .

[0076] when: hour: When the arrival time of the candidate spores does not fall within a continuous moistening process: The time of wetting that occurs before the spores arrive is not included in the duration of wetting for infection of intact tissue.

[0077] The spores in region B are expected to arrive between 09:14:43 and 09:48:20. The leaf wetting process in the corresponding region will last from 09:00 to 14:30.

[0078] Based on the earliest estimated arrival time of 09:14:43: Based on the later arrival time of 09:48:20: The predicted temperature for region B within the corresponding time range is 18.4 ℃ to 19.2 ℃, which falls within the temperature range for intact tissue infection; the predicted relative humidity is 84% ​​to 87%, which is below 90%; and the continuous moist time after spore arrival is also less than 12 h. Therefore, region B does not meet the conditions for intact tissue infection.

[0079] The expected arrival time for region C is approximately 09:41:44 to 10:22:13. The continuous wetting process in region C lasts from 09:30 to 22:30.

[0080] In the earliest possible arrival, the spores can remain continuously moist after arrival: Even in the latest arrival scenario: The predicted temperature for region C during the corresponding time period was 18.9 ℃ to 19.6 ℃, and the relative humidity was 92% to 94%. The temperature, relative humidity, and continuous moist time after spore arrival all met the complete tissue infection conditions used in this embodiment.

[0081] Step 500 identifies region C as a risk area for intact tissue infection. Once the risk of intact tissue infection is identified, region C will no longer be included in the time-based assessment of new insect feeding damage. The two infection assessment paths are processed separately, and insect damage is not considered as an additional risk value after the intact tissue has already met the infection conditions.

[0082] Specifically, region B did not meet the conditions for complete tissue infection, and the expected spore arrival time and the effective infection time of the damage were compared.

[0083] Let the first The expected arrival time of spores in each field area is: The effective infection period of the injury is: The starting time of the overlapping time interval is: The termination time is: when: At that time, the two time intervals overlap, and the overlapping time intervals are: like: Therefore, there is no overlap in time.

[0084] The expected arrival time of spores from region B is from 09:14:43 to 09:48:20, and the effective infection period due to damage is from 08:00 to 14:00. Therefore: The spores in region B were expected to arrive during the effective infection period of the damage.

[0085] Figure 3 This is a time interval overlap diagram of region B provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 In the diagram, the horizontal time axis is marked sequentially with 08:00, 09:14:43, 09:48:20, 10:00, and 14:00; 08:00 to 14:00 corresponds to the effective infection period of damage in region B, and 09:14:43 to 09:48:20 corresponds to the expected arrival time of spores in region B; 09:14:43 and 09:48:20 correspond to the start and end times of overlap of the two time intervals, respectively, and the time interval between them corresponds to the overlap time interval of region B.

[0086] New feeding damage was also detected in another field area D between 08:00 and 10:00, with the effective infection period corresponding to the damage still being between 08:00 and 14:00. Calculations along another propagation branch indicate that the expected arrival time of spores in area D is between 14:20 and 14:50.

[0087] at this time: because There is no time overlap in region D.

[0088] Regions B and D have similar times of new lesion formation, yet they yield different conclusions. The difference stems from the temporal relationship between the expected spore arrival time and the effective infection time of the lesions, rather than the number of feeding pores.

[0089] Specifically, in steps 700 and 800, the steps for establishing the conditions for infection of damaged tissue are as follows: When the duration of injury formation is within the effective duration of the injury, multiple inoculation ambient temperatures are set, and the ability of the target pathogen to infect through the injury site is recorded. The temperature range in which continuous infection occurs is used to determine the temperature range for infection of the injured tissue.

[0090] Existing inoculation experiments on rapeseed blackleg lesions have been conducted, using day-night temperature conditions of 10 ℃, 21 ℃ / 18 ℃, and 25 ℃ to observe the effect of lesion age on pathogen infection. During implementation, an inoculation temperature gradient can be added between adjacent temperatures to determine the temperature range for continuous infection of damaged tissue.

[0091] This embodiment uses 10 ℃ to 25 ℃ as a calculation example for the temperature range of damaged tissue infection.

[0092] The predicted temperature within the overlapping time interval of region B is 18.4 ℃ to 19.2 ℃, which falls within the range of 10 ℃ to 25 ℃. Therefore, region B meets the conditions for infection of damaged tissue.

[0093] Furthermore, the assessment of damaged tissue does not rely on the 12-hour leaf moisture condition of intact tissue. The formation time of fresh damage and the arrival time of spores jointly limit the risk area of ​​damaged tissue, which can prevent existing insect damage from continuously expanding the disease risk range over multiple prediction periods.

[0094] The processing data from steps 100 to 800 is summarized in Table 2.

[0095] Table 2. Data on spore dispersal and infection conditions in the field.

[0096] In Table 2, region B did not meet the relative humidity and continuous moist conditions required for complete tissue infection, but the expected arrival time of the spores fell within the time range when the newly formed lesion was still in an effective state, and the temperature also met the conditions for infection of the damaged tissue. Therefore, it entered the risk area for infection of the damaged tissue.

[0097] New insect feeding damage was also found in region D, but the pathogenic spores were expected to arrive later than the effective infection period of the damage, and ultimately did not enter the risk area of ​​infection in the damaged tissue. The opportunity for local infection corresponding to newly formed wounds was preserved, and insect damage that had been present for a longer period of time would not be included in the risk range in the long term.

[0098] If only the conditions for infection of intact tissue are considered, region C can be identified among the four regions shown in Table 2. After adding the effective infection period of the damaged tissue, region B is also identified, while region D is still excluded. The determination of region B corresponds to three specific conditions: spore arrival time, newly formed lesion time, and infection temperature of the damaged tissue.

[0099] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the field area risk assessment results provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 In the diagram, region A represents the baseline region for the current spore dispersal process, region B represents the risk region for infection of damaged tissue determined based on the effective infection period of the injury, region C represents the risk region for infection of intact tissue determined based on the infection conditions of intact tissue, and region D represents the region that is not currently identified as a risk region. The diagonal lines and dotted areas correspond to different risk types in regions B and C, respectively. Regions A and D, which are not filled, retain the baseline region status and the current undetermined risk status, respectively.

[0100] Furthermore, the spatial boundaries of the intact tissue infection risk area and the damaged tissue infection risk area are preserved respectively. Spatially adjacent intact tissue infection risk areas are merged to form a continuous intact tissue infection risk range; spatially adjacent damaged tissue infection risk areas are merged in the same way. When the two types of areas are adjacent, they can jointly form a continuous disease risk zone, but the corresponding infection type is still preserved within the area.

[0101] For example, such as Figure 5 As shown, region B and region C share a common boundary. Region B is a risk area for infection of damaged tissue, while region C is a risk area for infection of intact tissue. The two regions, when merged, form a continuous prevention and control zone. Although region D is adjacent to region B, its risk assessment results do not meet the requirements of steps 500 or 800, and therefore it is not included in this disease risk zoning.

[0102] Zonal control measures determine the application area based on the spatial boundaries of disease risk zones, and the selected pesticides are those registered for use against the target pathogen. Field areas not within disease risk zones do not automatically expand their application area along with adjacent risk zones.

[0103] In one alternative implementation, pathogen spore monitoring continues during the zoned control period. Once the preset concentration change conditions are actually reached in the field area ahead of the direction of spread, the predicted arrival time of subsequent spores can be updated using the new measured results.

[0104] The original estimated arrival time for Region B was from 09:14:43 to 09:48:20. Subsequent monitoring revealed that Region B continuously met the preset concentration change conditions from 09:30 to 10:00. Therefore, Region B was designated as the new baseline region, and 09:30 to 10:00 was designated as the new baseline arrival time.

[0105] Reread the wind field parameters from region B to region C after 09:30.

[0106] The effective wind speed component from 09:30 to 09:40 is 0.04 m / s, corresponding to the following propagation distance: The effective wind speed component from 09:40 to 09:50 is 0.05 m / s, and the repropagation is as follows: Total 54 m.

[0107] The effective wind speed component from 09:50 to 10:00 is 0.04 m / s, which propagates for another 24 m, accumulating to a total of 78 m.

[0108] The distance from area B to area C is 80 m, with 2 m remaining. The effective wind speed component after 10:00 is 0.03 m / s, and the remaining propagation time is: Based on the new baseline arrival time starting at 09:30, the new estimated arrival time for region C is approximately 10:01:07.

[0109] Then calculate from the new baseline arrival time end at 10:00. The effective wind speed component from 10:00 to 10:10 is 0.03 m / s, propagating 18 m; from 10:10 to 10:20 it is 0.05 m / s, propagating 30 m; from 10:20 to 10:30 it is 0.04 m / s, propagating 24 m, totaling 72 m. The remaining 8 m is calculated based on 0.04 m / s, requiring: 200 s is 3 min 20 s, which corresponds to the latest arrival time of approximately 10:33:20.

[0110] The updated regional C spores are expected to arrive between approximately 10:01 and 10:34.

[0111] The continuous leaf surface wetting process in region C ended at 22:30, and reached the continuous wetting time after the arrival of spores at around 10:01, which corresponds to about 12 h 29 min; and reached the continuous wetting time after the arrival of spores at around 10:33, which corresponds to about 11 h 57 min.

[0112] The new expected arrival time cannot directly use the risk results from before the update; it needs to be reassessed according to step 400. If there is still a time range within the expected arrival time that meets the conditions for complete tissue infection, region C continues to belong to the risk region for complete tissue infection; if none of the candidate arrival times meet the conditions for complete tissue infection, region C will no longer use the previous complete tissue infection assessment results.

[0113] This embodiment treats the pathogen spore dispersal time and tissue infection conditions on the same timeline. Intact tissue infection is determined by the microclimate conditions under which the spores continue to exist after arrival; if the conditions for intact tissue infection are not met, the time range within which newly formed insect feeding damage remains effective is examined. After the risk areas for intact tissue infection and damaged tissue infection are determined separately, they are used together to form disease risk zoning.

[0114] In one specific embodiment, the present invention also provides a crop disease zoning control system based on the coupling prediction of spore dispersal trajectory and field microclimate. The system is used to execute the aforementioned crop disease zoning control method and includes a data acquisition unit, a damage effective infection period determination unit, a spore dispersal determination unit, an intact tissue infection judgment unit, an intact tissue risk determination unit, a time overlap determination unit, a damaged tissue infection judgment unit, a damaged tissue risk determination unit, and a disease zoning control unit.

[0115] The data acquisition unit is used to acquire pathogen spore concentrations, wind field parameters, field microclimate prediction parameters, and the formation time periods of newly added insect feeding damage in multiple field areas within the target field. Pathogen spore concentrations are stored according to the corresponding sampling time periods; wind field parameters include at least wind speed and direction near the crop canopy; field microclimate prediction parameters include at least temperature, relative humidity, and crop tissue surface moisture status. The formation time periods of newly added insect feeding damage are determined based on crop tissue images at adjacent monitoring times. A correspondence is established between the various data points according to field area identification and time information.

[0116] The effective infection period determination unit receives the formation period of newly added insect feeding damage and calls upon the pre-determined effective damage duration for the target crop, target pathogen, and corresponding crop growth stage. Let the formation period of the newly added insect feeding damage be... The effective duration of damage is The effective infection period of the injury is then determined as follows: This preserves the timeframe within which newly formed damage may be in a susceptible state during the image monitoring period, without requiring the precise formation time of each feeding injury.

[0117] The spore dispersal determination unit reads the pathogen spore concentration and wind field parameters of each field area. The field area that first reaches the preset concentration change condition is determined as the baseline area for the current dispersal process, and the corresponding monitoring period is used as the baseline arrival time.

[0118] After the wind direction changes to the direction of air movement, the spore dispersal determination unit calculates the effective wind speed component in the dispersal direction between adjacent field areas. The effective dispersal distance corresponding to the k-th time unit is determined by the effective wind speed component and the duration of the time unit, and is accumulated continuously in chronological order. When the accumulated dispersal distance first reaches the dispersal distance between adjacent field areas, the expected arrival time of the corresponding field area is obtained. The expected arrival time of spores for each field area is calculated forward from the start and end times of the baseline arrival time in the dispersal direction.

[0119] When the same baseline area corresponds to multiple adjacent downwind field areas, the spore dispersal determination unit calculates the effective wind speed components for different dispersal directions. Dispersal directions where the cumulative dispersal distance reaches the corresponding area distance are retained as part of the spore diffusion trajectory. If the cumulative dispersal distance within the current short-term prediction range does not reach the corresponding area distance, the corresponding area is not added to the current spore diffusion trajectory.

[0120] The intact tissue infection assessment unit receives the expected spore arrival time and corresponding field microclimate prediction parameters for each field area. The intact tissue infection conditions are established in advance based on crop tissue inoculation experiments without insect feeding damage, including the intact tissue infection temperature range, the intact tissue infection relative humidity threshold, and the intact tissue infection wet duration threshold.

[0121] The duration of surface wetting of crop tissue is calculated from the arrival time of candidate spores. When the arrival time of candidate spores falls within a continuous wetting process, the duration of continuous wetting after spore arrival is defined as the time between the arrival time of candidate spores and the end time of the corresponding continuous wetting process; when the arrival time of candidate spores does not fall within a continuous wetting process, the corresponding continuous wetting duration is recorded as zero.

[0122] If at least one candidate arrival time unit within the expected spore arrival period simultaneously satisfies the intact tissue infection temperature range, the intact tissue infection relative humidity threshold, and the intact tissue infection moistening duration threshold, the intact tissue infection judgment unit will give a judgment result that the intact tissue infection conditions are met.

[0123] The intact tissue risk assessment unit receives the assessment results from the intact tissue infection assessment unit and identifies field areas that meet the conditions for intact tissue infection as intact tissue infection risk areas. Field areas already identified as intact tissue infection risk areas will not have their current risk category changed by insect feeding damage.

[0124] The time overlap determination unit is used to handle field areas that do not meet the conditions for intact tissue infection. This unit reads the expected spore arrival time and the effective infection time of damage for the corresponding field area, and obtains the start and end times of the two time intervals. The later of the two start times is taken as the overlap start time, and the earlier of the two end times is taken as the overlap end time.

[0125] When the start time of overlap is not later than the end time of overlap, the time overlap determination unit determines that the expected arrival time of spores and the effective infection time of the damage overlap, and the overlap time interval is formed by the start time and the end time of overlap; when the start time of overlap is later than the end time of overlap, the corresponding field area is judged not to have entered the damaged tissue for infection.

[0126] The damaged tissue infection determination unit receives the overlapping time interval and reads the microclimate parameters corresponding to the overlapping time interval from the field microclimate prediction parameters. The damaged tissue infection conditions are pre-established based on crop tissue inoculation experiments where the time since the damage formation is within the effective duration of the damage.

[0127] In this embodiment, the conditions for tissue infection include at least a temperature range for tissue infection. When there is a time unit within the overlapping time interval where the predicted temperature falls within the temperature range for tissue infection, the tissue infection determination unit determines that the corresponding field area meets the conditions for tissue infection. The determination of tissue infection does not directly use the number of insects, the number of feeding holes, or the area of ​​damage to establish a fixed risk weight.

[0128] The damaged tissue risk determination unit identifies field areas that meet the conditions for damaged tissue infection as damaged tissue infection risk areas. For a field area to be included in the damaged tissue infection risk area, it must simultaneously meet three conditions: the condition for intact tissue infection is not met, the expected arrival time of spores overlaps with the effective infection time of the damage, and the microclimate conditions corresponding to the overlapping time interval meet the conditions for damaged tissue infection.

[0129] The disease control zoning units separately preserve the spatial boundaries of the risk areas for infection in intact tissues and the risk areas for infection in damaged tissues. Spatially adjacent risk areas of the same type are merged; when risk areas of different types share a common boundary, continuous disease risk zoning can be formed, while retaining the corresponding infection risk type for each field area.

[0130] Once the disease risk zones are determined, the disease control units within each zone form zone control information according to their corresponding spatial boundaries, which is used to determine the control areas within the current control cycle. Field areas not identified as areas at risk of infection from intact tissues or damaged tissues are not included in the current disease risk zones.

[0131] In one optional implementation, the system can also continue to obtain the pathogen spore concentration in each field area ahead of the spore diffusion trajectory during the zoned control period. When a certain field area actually reaches the preset concentration change condition, the corresponding field area is taken as the new baseline area, the actual arrival time is taken as the new baseline arrival time, and the expected arrival time of spores in each field area ahead of the diffusion direction is recalculated based on the wind field parameters after the new baseline arrival time. The updated expected arrival time of spores is resent to the complete tissue infection judgment unit and the time overlap determination unit to update the corresponding disease risk zone.

[0132] The aforementioned functional units can be executed by processors in servers, edge computing terminals, or field control terminals. The pathogen spore monitoring device, wind speed and direction monitoring device, field microclimate monitoring device, and crop tissue image acquisition device establish data communication with the data acquisition unit. Each functional unit transmits and processes the results according to field area identification and time information, ensuring that the pathogen spore dissemination sequence, intact tissue infection conditions, and effective infection time corresponding to newly formed damage are all within a unified field area and time frame.

[0133] This embodiment uses changes in pathogen spore concentration to determine the baseline area of ​​the current transmission process. It combines the spatial distance between field areas and continuously changing wind field parameters to accumulate the effective transmission distance in time units, thereby obtaining the expected spore arrival time corresponding to actual wind field changes. This avoids the time deviation caused by directly extrapolating the entire transmission process using a single instantaneous wind speed. After determining the expected spore arrival time, the field microclimate prediction parameters within the corresponding time range are matched with the conditions for intact tissue infection. The subsequent continuous moist time is calculated from the moment the spores may reach the crop tissue, ensuring that the assessment of intact tissue infection corresponds to the actual possible time range of pathogen spore arrival. For field areas that do not meet the conditions for intact tissue infection, this embodiment does not directly increase the risk based on the number of insects, the number of feeding holes, or the damaged area. Instead, it determines the effective infection time based on the formation time of newly added insect feeding damage and the effective duration of the damage. It then determines whether the expected spore arrival time overlaps with the effective infection time, and if there is overlap, it continues to assess the risk of damaged tissue infection by combining the microclimate conditions within the overlapping time interval. This allows for the identification of field areas where the conditions for intact tissue infection have not yet been met, but newly formed damage is still in the effective infection stage and pathogenic spores can reach within the corresponding time frame. Simultaneously, it excludes areas where spore arrival is later than the effective infection period of the damage, avoiding the long-term use of existing insect damage as a fixed risk factor. After separately identifying the risk areas for intact tissue infection and damaged tissue infection, disease risk zoning is formed according to spatial location, ensuring clear boundaries and risk sources for different infection pathways. When new pathogenic spore arrival information is obtained through subsequent monitoring, the expected arrival time of spores ahead of the propagation direction can be recalculated using new baseline areas and wind field parameters, and the field microclimate and effective infection period of the damage can be re-matched, allowing the disease risk zoning to be updated according to the actual propagation status.

[0134] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on its differences from other embodiments. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to interchangeably. For the systems disclosed in the embodiments, since they correspond to the methods disclosed in the embodiments, the descriptions are relatively simple; relevant parts can be referred to the method section.

[0135] Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of this invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

Claims

1. A method for regional control of crop diseases based on the coupling prediction of spore dispersal trajectory and field microclimate, characterized in that, include: Obtain pathogen spore concentrations, wind field parameters, field microclimate prediction parameters, and the formation time of newly added insect feeding damage in multiple field areas within the target field; Based on the formation time of the newly added insect feeding damage and the preset effective duration of the damage, the effective infection time period corresponding to the field area where the newly added insect feeding damage exists is determined; The spore diffusion trajectory is determined based on the pathogen spore concentration and the wind field parameters, and the expected arrival time of spores in each field area is determined based on the spore diffusion trajectory. Based on the field microclimate prediction parameters corresponding to the expected arrival time of the spores, determine whether each field area meets the preset conditions for complete tissue infection; Field areas that meet the conditions for complete tissue infection are identified as risk areas for complete tissue infection. For field areas that do not meet the conditions for complete tissue infection, determine whether the expected arrival time of the spores coincides with the effective infection time of the damage. For field areas where the expected arrival time of spores overlaps with the effective infection time of the damage, the field microclimate prediction parameters corresponding to the overlapping time interval of the expected arrival time of spores and the effective infection time of the damage are used to determine whether the corresponding field area meets the preset conditions for infection of damaged tissue. Field areas that meet the conditions for tissue infection are identified as areas at risk of tissue infection. Disease risk zones are determined based on the infection risk areas of intact tissues and the infection risk areas of damaged tissues, and zoned prevention and control measures are implemented based on the disease risk zones.

2. The method for regional control of crop diseases according to claim 1, characterized in that, The acquisition of pathogen spore concentrations, wind field parameters, field microclimate prediction parameters, and the formation time of newly added insect feeding damage in multiple field areas within the target field includes: The pathogen spore concentration and wind field parameters for each field area were obtained according to the monitoring time. The field microclimate prediction parameters for each field area are obtained according to the prediction period. Obtain crop tissue images of the same crop tissue in each field area at adjacent monitoring times, wherein the time interval between adjacent monitoring times is not greater than the effective duration of the damage; Based on the crop tissue images at adjacent monitoring times, newly emerging insect feeding damage at the next monitoring time is determined, and the newly added insect feeding damage is identified as the newly added insect feeding damage. The time interval between adjacent monitoring times is determined as the formation period of the newly added insect feeding damage.

3. The method for regional control of crop diseases according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of determining the spore dispersal trajectory based on the pathogen spore concentration and the wind field parameters, and determining the expected arrival time of spores in each field area based on the spore dispersal trajectory, includes: Based on the monitoring time when the pathogen spore concentration in each field area reaches the preset concentration change condition, the field area that first reaches the preset concentration change condition is determined, and the corresponding monitoring time period is determined as the baseline arrival time period; The propagation direction from the field area to the adjacent field area and the wind speed component along the propagation direction are determined based on the wind field parameters at different monitoring times. Adjacent field areas are determined sequentially according to the propagation direction to form the spore diffusion trajectory; The propagation time between adjacent field areas is determined based on the distance between adjacent field areas along the propagation direction in the spore diffusion trajectory and the corresponding wind speed component. Starting from the baseline arrival time, the propagation duration is accumulated sequentially according to the spore diffusion trajectory to determine the expected arrival time of the spores in each field area.

4. The method for regional control of crop diseases according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of determining whether each field area meets the preset conditions for complete tissue infection based on the field microclimate prediction parameters corresponding to the expected arrival time of the spores includes: Determine the temperature, relative humidity, and duration of crop tissue surface wetting corresponding to the expected arrival time of the spores; The temperature, relative humidity, and duration of wetting on the crop tissue surface are compared with the intact tissue infection temperature range, the intact tissue infection relative humidity threshold, and the intact tissue infection wetting duration threshold in the intact tissue infection conditions, respectively. When the temperature is within the temperature range for complete tissue infection, the relative humidity reaches the relative humidity threshold for complete tissue infection, and the duration of wetting on the crop tissue surface reaches the duration of wetting for complete tissue infection, the corresponding field area is determined to meet the conditions for complete tissue infection.

5. The method for regional control of crop diseases according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conditions for complete tissue infection, the effective duration of the injury, and the conditions for infection of the injured tissue are determined through a pre-conception trial, which includes: Under the same crop growth stage and the same pathogen spore inoculation amount, crop tissues without insect feeding damage were set up, and the temperature, relative humidity and crop tissue surface wetting time were changed to determine the corresponding temperature, relative humidity and crop tissue surface wetting time when the target pathogen infection occurred. Based on the temperature, relative humidity, and duration of surface wetting of crop tissues that have not suffered insect feeding damage when the target pathogen is infected, the temperature range for complete tissue infection, the relative humidity threshold for complete tissue infection, and the duration of wetting time for complete tissue infection are determined to form the complete tissue infection conditions. Under the same crop growth stage and the same pathogen spore inoculation amount, crop tissues with insect feeding damage were set up, and the target pathogens were inoculated according to different time after the damage was formed. The effective duration of the injury is determined based on the range of time after the injury is formed that allows for infection by the target pathogen. Within the effective duration of the injury, the temperature of the inoculation environment is changed, and the temperature range for infection of the damaged tissue is determined according to the temperature range corresponding to the occurrence of target pathogen infection, thus forming the infection conditions of the damaged tissue.

6. The method for regional control of crop diseases according to claim 1, characterized in that, The determination of the effective infection period corresponding to the field area with the newly added insect feeding damage, based on the formation time of the newly added insect feeding damage and the preset effective duration of the damage, includes: Determine the start and end times of the formation period of the newly added insect feeding damage; The start time of the formation period is taken as the start time of the effective infection period of the damage; Extending the effective duration of the damage by extending the end time of the formation period backward, we obtain the end time of the effective infection period of the damage. The effective infection period of the injury is determined by the start and end times of the effective infection period.

7. The method for regional control of crop diseases according to claim 6, characterized in that, For field areas that do not meet the conditions for complete tissue infection, determining whether the expected arrival time of the spores coincides with the effective infection time of the damage includes: Determine the start and end times of the expected arrival time of the spores, and determine the start and end times of the effective infection period of the damage; The later of the two start times is determined as the coincident start time, and the earlier of the two end times is determined as the coincident end time. When the start time of the overlap is not later than the end time of the overlap, it is determined that the expected arrival time of the spores overlaps with the effective infection time of the damage, and the time interval between the start time of the overlap and the end time of the overlap is determined as the overlap time interval.

8. The method for regional control of crop diseases according to claim 7, characterized in that, For field areas where the predicted arrival time of the spores overlaps with the effective infection time of the damage, the field microclimate prediction parameters corresponding to the overlapping time interval are used to determine whether the corresponding field area meets the preset conditions for tissue infection, including: The temperature corresponding to the overlapping time interval is determined from the field microclimate prediction parameters; The temperature is compared with the damaged tissue infection temperature range in the damaged tissue infection conditions; When the temperature is within the range of temperature range for infection of damaged tissue, the corresponding field area is determined to meet the conditions for infection of damaged tissue.

9. The method for regional control of crop diseases according to claim 2, characterized in that, The determination of newly emerging insect feeding damage at the next monitoring time based on crop tissue images at adjacent monitoring times includes: Establish spatial correspondences between the same crop tissue locations in crop tissue images at adjacent monitoring times; The insect feeding damage areas were determined at the previous and subsequent monitoring times, respectively; Based on the spatial correspondence, the insect feeding damage area at the previous monitoring time is mapped to the crop tissue image at the next monitoring time; The area in the insect feeding damage area at the next monitoring time that does not correspond to the mapped insect feeding damage area at the previous monitoring time is identified as newly appearing insect feeding damage at the next monitoring time.

10. The method for regional control of crop diseases according to claim 3, characterized in that, During the implementation of the aforementioned zoned prevention and control measures, the following are also included: Obtain the concentration of the pathogenic spores in each field area along the spore dispersal trajectory; When the concentration of pathogenic spores in any field area reaches the preset concentration change condition, the corresponding monitoring period is determined as the actual arrival time of the field area, and the corresponding field area is determined as the new benchmark area. Using the actual arrival time as the new baseline arrival time, and based on the wind field parameters after the corresponding time in the new baseline area, the propagation direction and propagation duration between adjacent field areas ahead of the propagation direction are re-determined. Based on the redefined propagation direction and propagation duration, the expected arrival time of the spores in each field area ahead of the propagation direction is revised; The disease risk zoning is updated based on the revised expected spore arrival time, the corresponding field microclimate prediction parameters, and the effective infection period of the damage.

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