Method for stable seedling emergence of artemisia and suitable plant by separate seeding in high-cold and arid valley spoil site

Abstract

This application discloses a method for stable seedling emergence from native Artemisia and suitable plants in high-altitude arid river valley spoil heaps, belonging to the field of vegetation establishment technology in high-altitude spoil heaps. The method includes the following steps: using a high-altitude arid river valley spoil heap as the establishment area; providing seeds from one or more of the genera Artemisia, Leymus, Astragalus, Reed, and Plantago; mixing seeds of each species separately with fine sand to obtain seed-sand sowing materials for each species, and sowing seeds of each species separately in designated areas; lightly pressing the surface after sowing, then covering the seed surface with a thin layer of fine sand, and finally covering the thin layer of fine sand with a water-permeable and breathable non-woven fabric; keeping the surface substrate moist during the seedling emergence period; gradually removing the non-woven fabric; and continuing to water for 2-5 days after completely removing the non-woven fabric. This application moves the key control points of spoil disposal site remediation forward to the seed selection, sowing, germination, emergence and seedling planting stages, thereby improving the basic stability of subsequent vegetation coverage formation. This application does not require thick layers of topsoil, large amounts of humus soil improvement or fertilization as necessary conditions. The materials are lightweight and the operation is simple, making it suitable for rapid planting on platforms, gentle slopes and locally exposed wound surfaces of spoil disposal sites in cold and arid regions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of vegetation establishment technology for waste disposal sites in high-altitude and cold regions, specifically involving a method for stable seedling emergence by sowing native Artemisia species and suitable plants in waste disposal sites in high-altitude and arid river valleys. Background Technology

[0002] In arid, high-altitude river valleys, waste disposal sites are frequently created during the construction of hydropower, transportation, mining, and infrastructure projects. These sites typically exhibit characteristics such as high altitude, strong radiation, strong wind disturbance, high evaporation, uneven spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation, large diurnal temperature range, high surface gravel content, insufficient fine particles and organic matter, and weak water and fertilizer retention capacity. These factors make it difficult for sown seeds to remain stably, and also make germinating seedlings susceptible to death due to rapid water loss, strong light, wind drying, and temperature stress.

[0003] Existing engineering restoration measures mainly focus on later-stage slope protection, cover formation, and soil erosion control, while the problem of early-stage planting failures in high-altitude, cold, and arid river valley spoil heaps remains unresolved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, this application provides a method for the stable emergence of native Artemisia species and suitable plants from waste disposal sites in cold and arid river valleys through sowing, aiming to solve the problem of early planting failure in waste disposal sites in cold and arid river valleys.

[0005] The embodiments of this application are implemented as follows: a method for stable seedling emergence of native Artemisia and suitable plants from spoil heaps in cold and arid river valleys includes the following steps: S01, using waste disposal sites in cold and arid river valleys as planting areas; S02. Provide seeds, said seeds being from one or more of the genera Artemisia, Leymus, Astragalus, Achyranthes, and Plantago; S03. Mix the seeds of each species with fine sand to obtain seed sand sowing materials for each species, and sow the seeds of each species separately in designated areas. S04. After sowing, lightly press the surface layer, then cover the seed surface with a thin layer of fine sand, and then cover the thin layer of fine sand with a water-permeable and breathable non-woven fabric. S05. Keep the surface substrate moist after sowing and during the seedling emergence period; S06. Gradually remove the non-woven fabric; S07. After completely removing the non-woven fabric, continue to moisturize for 2 to 5 days.

[0006] Optionally, large stones, construction debris, and floating garbage in the planting area are removed, leaving small gravel, and the surface is lightly raked to loosen it, creating a slightly uneven surface; and / or After sowing, use a lightweight pressing plate, roller, or manual patting method to lightly press the surface layer, so that the seeds, fine sand and the surface substrate of the waste disposal site form point contact.

[0007] Optionally, the size range of the small gravel is 0.5 cm to 3 cm; and / or The thickness of the surface layer is 0 cm to 3 cm; and / or After lightly pressing, cover the seed surface with a thin layer of fine sand, the thickness of which should be 0.3 cm to 1.0 cm.

[0008] Optionally, a water-permeable and breathable nonwoven fabric is covered on a thin layer of fine sand, the density of which is 20 g / m² to 45 g / m².

[0009] Optionally, the genus Artemisia includes one or more of the following: Artemisia macrocarpa, Artemisia australis, Artemisia spp., Artemisia pubescens, Artemisia spp. ... and Artemisia spp.; and / or The genus *Leymus* includes *Leymus chinensis*; and / or Astragalus includes alfalfa; and / or The genus *Achnatherum* includes *Achnatherum*; and / or The genus Plantago includes Plantago asiatica.

[0010] Optionally, the seed sand for each species can be divided into two portions and evenly spread along the longitudinal and transverse directions of the planting area.

[0011] Optionally, the moisture content of the fine sand is less than 5%; and / or The fine sand has a particle size of 0.1 mm to 1.0 mm; and / or The volume ratio of seeds of a single species to fine sand is 1:3 to 10; and / or The seed sowing rate for each individual species is 0.2 g / m²-1.0 g / m².

[0012] Alternatively, water immediately after sowing to allow moisture to penetrate the nonwoven fabric and thin layer of fine sand and moisten the surface substrate.

[0013] Optionally, the wetting thickness of the surface substrate is 0 cm to 5 cm; and / or Before emergence, in addition to natural rainfall keeping the surface substrate moist to a thickness of 0 cm to 5 cm, watering is required every day.

[0014] Optionally, when the seedlings reach a height of 2-5 cm, the cotyledons unfold, and the first true leaf appears, the non-woven fabric is gradually removed; and / or When the number of newly emerged seedlings is less than 5% of the cumulative number of seedlings in the previous period for three consecutive days, the non-woven fabric should be gradually removed.

[0015] In this application: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This application shifts the critical control points for spoil disposal site remediation to the seed selection, sowing, germination, emergence, and seedling transplanting stages, thereby improving the basic stability of subsequent vegetation cover formation. By broadcasting seeds of each single species separately in designated areas, the differences in emergence of native Artemisia and other suitable plants under uniform high-altitude and arid conditions can be identified, providing a basis for subsequent selection of establishment species based on habitat. Quantitative mixing of seeds with dry fine sand and bidirectional cross-sowing can reduce localized agglomeration, missed sowing, and wind-blown accumulation of small seeds, improving the uniformity of emergence within the establishment area. A thin layer of fine sand mulch can improve seed-substrate contact and short-term moisture retention, while avoiding the difficulties in emergence of small seeds caused by the crusting of ordinary fine soil after drying or excessive soil coverage. Low-density, water-permeable, and air-permeable nonwoven fabric provides a short-term moisture retention, wind-drying protection, and erosion protection microenvironment, reducing the risk of rapid water loss from the germination layer under high-altitude and arid conditions. Phased uncovering allows seedlings to gradually adapt to natural light, air drying, and diurnal temperature differences, reducing the risk of wilting, lodging, and death caused by a single uncovering. This application does not require thick layers of topsoil, large amounts of humus for improvement, or fertilization as necessary conditions. The materials are lightweight and the operation is simple, making it suitable for rapid planting on high-altitude, cold, and arid spoil disposal platforms, gentle slopes, and locally exposed wound surfaces.

[0016] This application mainly improves the seedling microenvironment through species selection, physical sowing homogenization, shallow moisture retention, and temporary covering. No fertilizer is applied from sowing to the seedling stage, thus reducing reliance on fertilizer and highlighting the advantages of stable seedling emergence with minimal intervention. It is suitable for low-input remediation of barren gravelly waste dumps. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This application includes photographs of the experimental plot and surrounding landforms of the waste disposal site in the high-altitude, cold, and arid river valley of Luolong County, at an altitude of approximately 3700 m. Figure 2 This is a map showing the surface gravelly matrix of different species in the independent quadrats and the waste disposal site in the cold and arid regions of this application; Figure 3 These are close-up images of seedling emergence of 10 species in gravelly substrate within the independent quadrats of this application; Figure 4 This is a photograph of the non-woven fabric overlap and fixation in this application. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application. Furthermore, it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only for illustration and explanation of this application and are not intended to limit this application.

[0020] In the description of this application, the term "comprising" means "including but not limited to".

[0021] In this application, "and / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone. A and B can be singular or plural.

[0022] In this application, "at least one" means one or more, and "more than one" means two or more. "At least one," "at least one of the following," or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or multiple items. For example, "at least one of a, b, or c," or "at least one of a, b, and c," can both mean: a, b, c, a~b (i.e., a and b), a~c, b~c, or a~b~c, where a, b, and c can be single or multiple.

[0023] Various embodiments of this application may exist in the form of a range; it should be understood that the description in the form of a range is merely for convenience and brevity and should not be construed as a hard limitation on the scope of this application; therefore, it should be considered that the range description has specifically disclosed all possible sub-ranges and single numerical values ​​within that range. For example, it should be considered that the range description from 1 to 6 has specifically disclosed sub-ranges such as from 1 to 3, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 5, from 2 to 4, from 2 to 6, from 3 to 6, etc., and single numbers within the range, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, regardless of the range. Furthermore, whenever a numerical range is referred to herein, it means including any referenced number (fraction or integer) within the referred range.

[0024] Native Artemisia species exhibit strong adaptability to high-altitude, arid, semi-arid, and engineering-disturbed habitats, and their seed sources are relatively easy to obtain, making them suitable as pioneer plants for the early restoration of spoil heaps. After planting, Artemisia seedlings can increase surface roughness, form shallow root systems for anchorage, and provide a foundation for subsequent natural regeneration and the restoration of native plant communities.

[0025] However, the seeds of Artemisia species are generally small and light, and direct sowing can easily lead to problems such as seed agglomeration, local missed sowing, uneven sowing, wind migration, runoff transport, insufficient contact between seeds and substrate, failure to germinate when the soil covering is too thick, and rapid water loss when the soil covering is too thin.

[0026] The technical solution of this application is as follows: This application provides a method for stable seedling emergence from the division and sowing of native Artemisia and suitable plants in high-altitude, arid river valley spoil heaps, including the following steps: S01, using waste disposal sites in cold and arid river valleys as planting areas; S02. Provide seeds, said seeds being from one or more of the genera Artemisia, Leymus, Astragalus, Achyranthes, and Plantago; S03. Mix the seeds of each species with fine sand to obtain seed sand sowing materials for each species, and sow the seeds of each species separately in designated areas. S04. After sowing, lightly press the surface layer, then cover the seed surface with a thin layer of fine sand, and then cover the thin layer of fine sand with a water-permeable and breathable non-woven fabric. S05. Keep the surface substrate moist after sowing and during the seedling emergence period; S06. Gradually remove the non-woven fabric; S07. After completely removing the non-woven fabric, continue to moisturize for 2 to 5 days.

[0027] In S01: In some embodiments, large rocks, construction debris, and floating garbage in the planting area are removed, small gravel is retained, and the surface is lightly raked to loosen it, forming a slightly uneven surface.

[0028] It is understandable that large stones refer to stones with a diameter greater than 5cm, such as 5 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm, etc.

[0029] Furthermore, the particle size of the small gravel ranges from 0.5 cm to 3 cm, for example, it can be 0.5 cm, 0.8 cm, 1 cm, 1.2 cm, 1.5 cm, 2 cm, 2.2 cm, 2.5 cm, 3 cm, etc.

[0030] It is understandable that small gravel is retained as a rough unit of the earth's surface.

[0031] Furthermore, the thickness of the surface layer is 0 cm to 3 cm, for example, it can be 0 cm, 0.2 cm, 0.5 cm, 0.8 cm, 1 cm, 1.2 cm, 1.5 cm, 2 cm, 2.2 cm, 2.5 cm, 3 cm, etc.

[0032] It is understandable that lightly raking and loosening the surface layer allows the seeds to come into contact with the surface substrate. In addition, lightly raking and loosening creates a slightly uneven surface layer, which aims to prevent the seeds from falling into too deep pores due to deep turning.

[0033] It is understandable that the planting area is the slope, platform or exposed surface of the spoil heap in the cold and arid river valley, above 3000m in altitude, with strong wind erosion and evaporation, and the surface matrix is ​​mainly composed of sand and gravel and crushed stone.

[0034] It can also be understood that this application selects the waste disposal site in a cold and arid river valley as the planting area in order to highlight the applicability of the method in this application under conditions of high altitude, drought, strong wind, gravelification and little soil.

[0035] For example, the high-altitude, arid valley spoil heap is located in Luolong County at an altitude of 3,700 m.

[0036] In S02: In some embodiments, the genus Artemisia includes one or more of Artemisia macrocarpa, Artemisia serrata, Artemisia serrata, Artemisia serrata, Artemisia serrata, and Artemisia serrata.

[0037] Furthermore, the genus Artemisia includes one or more of Artemisia macrocarpa, Artemisia serrata, and Artemisia serrata.

[0038] In some embodiments, the genus *Leymus* includes *Leymus chinensis*.

[0039] In some embodiments, the Astragalus genus includes Astragalus membranaceus.

[0040] In some embodiments, the genus *Achnatherum* includes *Achnatherum*.

[0041] In some embodiments, the front of the vehicle includes the front of the vehicle.

[0042] It is understandable that each plant in the genera Artemisia, Leymus, Astragalus, Reed, and Plantago is considered a single species.

[0043] It can also be understood that Artemisia macrocarpa, Artemisia serrata, Artemisia serrata, Artemisia serrata, Artemisia serrata, Artemisia serrata, Artemisia serrata, Artemisia serrata, Leymus chinensis, Reed, Sophora flavescens, and Plantago asiatica are 11 single species.

[0044] It is understandable that various types of seeds are selected from clean seeds or small seeds that have been cleaned, and seeds that are obviously damaged, moldy, or have many impurities are removed before sowing.

[0045] For example, different seeds are numbered, weighed, and bagged separately.

[0046] It is understandable that species in the genera Artemisia, Leymus, Astragalus, Reed, and Plantago are already distributed in the restoration area or adjacent natural habitats, in order to ensure nativeness and regional adaptability.

[0047] In S03: In some embodiments, the moisture content of the fine sand is less than 5%. Within this moisture content range, a seed sand with good flowability can be formed.

[0048] In some embodiments, the particle size of the fine sand is 0.1 mm to 1.0 mm, for example, it can be 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.8 mm, 0.9 mm, 1 mm, etc. Within this range, the effects of mixing, seed protection, air permeability, and moisture retention are taken into account.

[0049] It is understandable that an independent planting unit corresponds to only one type of seed of the target species, in order to avoid cross-contamination of seeds from different species.

[0050] In some embodiments, the volume ratio of a single species' seeds to fine sand is 1:3 to 10, for example, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, etc. Within this range, the volume of the sowing material can be increased, the sowing fluidity and spatial uniformity of small seeds can be improved, seed agglomeration, missed sowing, and local over-density can be reduced, and the distribution of seeds per unit area can be more uniform.

[0051] In some embodiments, the seed sowing amount for each individual species is 0.2 g / m²-1.0 g / m², for example, 0.2 g / m², 0.3 g / m², 0.4 g / m², 0.5 g / m², 0.6 g / m², 0.7 g / m², 0.8 g / m², 0.9 g / m², 1 g / m², etc.

[0052] For example, the amount of seeds for each species of Artemisia is 1,000 to 3,000 seeds / m², such as 1,000 seeds / m², 1,500 seeds / m², 2,000 seeds / m², 2,500 seeds / m², 3,000 seeds / m², etc.

[0053] In some embodiments, the seed sand for each species is divided into two portions and evenly broadcast along the longitudinal and transverse directions of the planting area, respectively. It is understood that this multi-stage broadcasting along both the longitudinal and transverse directions reduces the striped distribution caused by unidirectional broadcasting and human error in broadcasting, thereby improving the uniformity of seedling emergence in the planting area.

[0054] In S04: In some embodiments, after sowing, the surface layer is lightly pressed using a lightweight pressing plate, roller, or manual patting to create point-like contact between the seeds, fine sand, and the surface substrate of the spoil heap. It is understood that light pressing allows the seeds, fine sand, and the gravelly substrate of the spoil heap to form point-like contact, increasing the chance of water absorption while preventing small seeds from being pressed deep into the soil and making emergence difficult.

[0055] It is understandable that seeds should not be pressed into the ground to a depth of more than 1.0 cm.

[0056] Furthermore, after lightly pressing, a thin layer of fine sand is placed on the seed surface. The thickness of this thin layer of sand is 0.3 cm to 1.0 cm, for example, 0.3 cm, 0.4 cm, 0.5 cm, 0.6 cm, 0.7 cm, 0.8 cm, 0.9 cm, 1.0 cm, etc. It is understood that the purpose of covering the seeds with this thin layer of fine sand is to form a breathable, low-caking protective layer to reduce wind and runoff transport and maintain a short-term moist environment around the seeds, while also preventing small seeds from being hindered from germinating.

[0057] Furthermore, a water-permeable and breathable non-woven fabric is laid on a thin layer of fine sand. The density of the water-permeable and breathable non-woven fabric is 20 g / m² to 45 g / m², for example, 20 g / m², 25 g / m², 30 g / m², 35 g / m², 40 g / m², 45 g / m², etc. Within this thickness range, a short-term moisture-retaining, wind-driing-proof, and erosion-proof covering layer is formed.

[0058] It is understandable that the width of the permeable and breathable nonwoven fabric can be cut according to the width of the plot or slope. Adjacent permeable and breathable nonwoven fabrics should overlap by 5 cm to 10 cm, and the edges and overlaps should be fixed with soil clods, bamboo sticks, U-shaped nails, or pressure strips to keep the nonwoven fabric close to the ground surface without compacting the thin layer of fine sand. It is also understandable that the purpose of overlapping is to reduce seed displacement caused by strong winds lifting the fabric and rainwater washing away.

[0059] In S05: In some embodiments, water is applied immediately after sowing to allow moisture to penetrate the nonwoven fabric and a thin layer of fine sand and moisten the surface substrate.

[0060] Furthermore, the surface substrate has a moistened thickness of 0 cm to 5 cm, for example, 0 cm, 1 cm, 2 cm, 3 cm, 4 cm, 5 cm, etc. This can meet the main water requirements of Artemisia spp. small seed germination and shallow-rooted seedling establishment stages.

[0061] Furthermore, in addition to ensuring that the surface substrate is moistened to a thickness of 0 cm to 5 cm by natural rainfall before emergence, watering is required every day.

[0062] Furthermore, water it once every morning or evening.

[0063] Furthermore, in case of continuous strong winds, strong radiation, or rapid surface water loss, replenish water once in the morning and once in the evening.

[0064] In S06: In some embodiments, the nonwoven fabric is gradually removed when the seedlings reach a height of 2-5 cm, the cotyledons unfold, and the first true leaf appears. This is to reduce the risk of wilting, lodging, and death caused by sudden exposure.

[0065] In some embodiments, when the number of newly emerged seedlings is less than 5% of the cumulative number of seedlings in the previous period for three consecutive days, the nonwoven fabric is gradually removed.

[0066] It is understandable that gradually removing the non-woven fabric allows seedlings to gradually adapt to natural light, air drying, and day-night temperature differences, reducing wilting and lodging caused by one-time exposure.

[0067] For example, gradually removing the nonwoven fabric can be done by removing it in sections or by removing it segment by segment from the leeward side to the windward side.

[0068] For example, before planting, the planting area is divided into multiple independent planting zones, each covered with non-woven fabric and the seedling emergence is recorded. When the number of newly emerging seedlings in any planting zone is less than 5% of the cumulative number of seedlings in that planting zone for three consecutive days, the non-woven fabric above that planting zone is gradually removed.

[0069] It is understandable that the purpose of gradually removing the non-woven fabric is to ensure the germination window, while avoiding prolonged covering that could lead to weak seedlings, and ensuring that the seedlings can gradually adapt to the environment.

[0070] In S07: It is understandable to continue watering for 2 to 5 days after completely removing the non-woven fabric, for example, 2, 3, 4, or 5 days. The purpose of continuing to water for 2 to 5 days after completely removing the non-woven fabric is to allow the seedlings to complete the transition from a covered and moist environment to a natural light, air-drying, and day-night temperature difference environment.

[0071] Application Example 1 Seedling emergence of native Artemisia species at a spoil heap in a cold, arid river valley at an altitude of 3700 m in Luolong County In Luolong County, Changdu City, Tibet Autonomous Region, an exposed platform area at a high-altitude, arid river valley spoil heap at an altitude of approximately 3700 m was selected as the planting area. The surface substrate of this area is mainly composed of gravel and crushed stone, exhibiting significant air drying and evaporation, making it a suitable typical application scenario for this method. Large stones with a diameter greater than 5 cm were removed, while some small gravel with a diameter of 0.5 cm-3 cm was retained. The 0-3 cm surface layer was then lightly rakeed to loosen the soil.

[0072] Cleaned seeds of Artemisia annua, Artemisia serrata, or Artemisia serrata were selected and separate quadrats were set up for each species, with only one plant species sown in each quadrat. The seeds of a single species were mixed with dry fine sand with a particle size of 0.1 mm-1.0 mm and a moisture content of less than 5% at a volume ratio of 1:6 to form seed sand sowing material.

[0073] Sow the seed sand in both longitudinal and transverse directions, and lightly press the surface after sowing to ensure the seeds are in contact with the fine sand and the surface substrate of the waste disposal site. Then cover with a thin layer of fine sand about 0.6 cm thick, and then cover it with a water-permeable and breathable non-woven fabric with a surface density of about 30 g / m². The adjacent non-woven fabrics should overlap by about 8 cm, and the edges and overlaps should be fixed with U-shaped nails or soil clods.

[0074] Water immediately after sowing; before emergence, water daily in the morning or evening to keep the top 0-5 cm of substrate moist. In case of continuous strong winds or rapid surface water loss, water once more in the evening. Inspect seedlings approximately 10-20 days after sowing. Once seedlings reach 2-5 cm in height and have their first true leaf, transition them by briefly uncovering the soil daily and gradually increasing the uncovering time. After completely uncovering the soil, continue watering for 2-5 days.

[0075] This embodiment does not require fertilization. If the subsequent goal of community restoration is to improve the growth of perennial herbs or legumes, a small amount of top dressing or organic mulching can be applied after the seedlings have been stably transplanted, but this measure does not constitute a necessary step for stable seedling emergence in this invention.

[0076] Application Example 2 Independent quadrats of different species were set up in the same high-altitude, arid river valley spoil heap test area. Only one target plant was sown in each quadrat, and no species were mixed; parallel replicates were set up for the same species. The soil preparation depth, seed-sand mixing method, bidirectional sowing, sand covering thickness, non-woven fabric specifications, watering and cover removal criteria were kept consistent or fully recorded to facilitate comparison of species effects.

[0077] Native Artemisia species include Artemisia annua, Artemisia argyi, Artemisia scoparia, Artemisia serrata, Artemisia australis, Artemisia macrophylla, Artemisia serrata, and Artemisia rustica; other suitable species are Leymus chinensis, Lysimachia christinae, Lysimachia nummularia, and Plantago asiatica.

[0078] The germination and emergence records of the original soil at the spoil heap at an altitude of approximately 3700 m in Luolong County are shown in Table 1 below: Table 1. Germination and emergence records of the original soil at the spoil heap at an altitude of approximately 3700 m in Luolong County.

[0079] As can be seen from the above data, Artemisia annua, Artemisia serrata, and Artemisia serrata performed well overall and can be selected as preferred native Artemisia species. Among other suitable plants, Plantago asiatica performed the best, while Leymus chinensis and Amaranthus chinensis also had good establishment potential. However, Reeds did not germinate under the conditions of this experiment.

[0080] The embodiments described above merely illustrate specific implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are detailed and specific, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the technical solution of this application, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A method for stable seedling emergence from the division and sowing of native Artemisia species and suitable plants in high-altitude, arid river valley spoil heaps, characterized by: Includes the following steps: The planting area is located in the waste disposal site of a cold and arid river valley. Seeds are provided, said seeds being derived from one or more of the genera Artemisia, Leymus, Astragalus, Gynostemma, and Plantago; The seeds of each species are mixed with fine sand to obtain seed sand sowing materials for each species, and the seeds of each species are sown separately in designated areas. After sowing, lightly press the surface, then cover the seed surface with a thin layer of fine sand, and finally cover the thin layer of fine sand with a water-permeable and breathable non-woven fabric. Keep the surface substrate moist after sowing and during the seedling emergence period; Gradually remove the non-woven fabric; After completely removing the non-woven fabric, continue to moisturize for 2 to 5 days.

2. The method for stable seedling emergence of native Artemisia and suitable plants from waste disposal sites in cold and arid river valleys according to claim 1, characterized in that: Remove large stones, construction debris, and floating garbage from the planting area, leaving small gravel, and lightly rake the surface to create a slightly uneven surface. and / or After sowing, use a lightweight pressing plate, roller, or manual patting method to lightly press the surface layer, so that the seeds, fine sand and the surface substrate of the waste disposal site form point contact.

3. The method for stable seedling emergence of native Artemisia and suitable plants from spoil heaps in cold and arid river valleys according to claim 2, characterized in that: The size range of the small gravel is 0.5 cm to 3 cm; and / or The thickness of the surface layer is 0 cm to 3 cm; and / or After lightly pressing, cover the seed surface with a thin layer of fine sand, the thickness of which should be 0.3 cm to 1.0 cm.

4. The method for stable seedling emergence of native Artemisia and suitable plants from spoil heaps in cold and arid river valleys according to claim 3, characterized in that: A water-permeable and air-permeable nonwoven fabric with a density of 20 g / m² to 45 g / m² is covered on a thin layer of fine sand.

5. The method for stable seedling emergence of native Artemisia and suitable plants from spoil heaps in cold and arid river valleys according to claim 1, characterized in that: The genus Artemisia includes one or more of the following: Artemisia macrocarpa, Artemisia australis, Artemisia spp., Artemisia pubescens, Artemisia spp. ... and / or Artemisia spp. The genus *Leymus* includes *Leymus chinensis*; and / or Astragalus includes alfalfa; and / or The genus *Achnatherum* includes *Achnatherum*; and / or The genus Plantago includes Plantago asiatica.

6. The method for stable seedling emergence of native Artemisia and suitable plants from spoil heaps in cold and arid river valleys according to claim 1, characterized in that: Divide the seed sand for each species into two portions and spread them evenly along the longitudinal and transverse directions of the planting area.

7. The method for stable seedling emergence of native Artemisia and suitable plants from spoil heaps in cold and arid river valleys according to claim 6, characterized in that: The moisture content of the fine sand is less than 5%; and / or The fine sand has a particle size of 0.1 mm to 1.0 mm; and / or The volume ratio of seeds of a single species to fine sand is 1:3 to 10; and / or The seed sowing rate for each individual species is 0.2 g / m²-1.0 g / m².

8. The method for stable seedling emergence of native Artemisia and suitable plants from spoil heaps in cold and arid river valleys according to claim 1, characterized in that: Water immediately after sowing to allow moisture to penetrate the non-woven fabric and thin layer of fine sand and moisten the surface substrate.

9. The method for stable seedling emergence of native Artemisia and suitable plants from spoil heaps in cold and arid river valleys according to claim 8, characterized in that: The surface substrate has a wetted thickness of 0 cm to 5 cm; and / or Before emergence, in addition to natural rainfall keeping the surface substrate moist to a thickness of 0 cm to 5 cm, watering is required every day.

10. The method for stable seedling emergence of native Artemisia and suitable plants from spoil heaps in cold and arid river valleys according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the seedlings reach a height of 2-5 cm, the cotyledons unfold, and the first true leaf appears, gradually remove the non-woven fabric; and / or When the number of newly emerged seedlings is less than 5% of the cumulative number of seedlings in the previous period for three consecutive days, the non-woven fabric should be gradually removed.

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