A composite substrate for ecological concrete three-dimensional greening system

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of ecological building, and particularly discloses a composite substrate for an ecological concrete three-dimensional greening system.The composite substrate for the ecological concrete three-dimensional greening system is composed of the following raw materials in volume ratio: humus 6-9 parts, vermiculite 0.5-1.5 parts, perlite 1-3 parts, and garden soil 1-3 parts, and further comprising 0.05%-1% of polyacrylamide and 0.5%-2% of methyl acrylate based on the total weight of the composite substrate.The composite substrate for the ecological concrete three-dimensional greening system has the advantages of light weight, high porosity, stable structure, water and fertilizer retention, and pH buffering.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of ecological building technology, and more specifically, to a composite matrix for ecological concrete vertical greening systems. Background Technology

[0002] This patent relates to a composite substrate formula for an ecological concrete vertical greening system, belonging to the interdisciplinary field of ecological architecture and vertical greening. With the acceleration of global urbanization and the increasing scarcity of urban land resources, vertical greening has become an important means to increase urban green coverage and improve the ecological environment. Ecological concrete vertical greening technology has attracted widespread attention due to its ability to efficiently utilize vertical spaces such as building walls, roofs, and slopes, while also providing ecological restoration and building energy conservation. However, the core bottleneck of this technology lies in the planting substrate—a balance needs to be struck between multiple requirements, including lightweight load-bearing capacity, water retention and breathability, and cost control, while also adapting to the specific environmental requirements of different vertical greening scenarios. Ecological concrete itself has a slightly alkaline porous environment, which contradicts the acidic growth environment suitable for most plants. Therefore, the substrate also needs to possess comprehensive properties such as pH adjustment, nutrient provision, and structural stability, which places higher demands on the scientific design of the substrate formula.

[0003] Currently, research on vertical greening substrates has formed two main directions: one is centered on the resource utilization of organic waste, reducing substrate bulk density and increasing nutrient content through raw material processing; the other is centered on the compounding of functional materials, optimizing the physical and chemical properties of the substrate by adding water-retaining agents, structure regulators, etc. Related patents, such as Lanzhou University's "Water-retaining, Lightweight, Low-cost Nutrient Substrate" (CN108314505A), Tianjin Agricultural College's "Method for Preparing Lightweight Vertical Greening Cultivation Substrate from Microbial Residue Compost" (CN109429986B), and Shanghai Senong Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd.'s "Vertical Greening Transplanting Substrate" (CN106631620A), have all made some progress in terms of lightweighting, water retention, and resistance to leaching. However, these existing technologies generally suffer from problems such as limited functionality, insufficient adaptability to different scenarios, high raw material costs, complex preparation processes, and reliance on scarce resources. They struggle to achieve synergistic optimization among lightweighting, water retention, nutrient supply, cost control, and long-term stability, limiting their widespread application in large-scale, multi-scenario vertical greening projects. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, this application provides a composite substrate for an ecological concrete vertical greening system.

[0005] The first part of this application provides a composite substrate for an ecological concrete vertical greening system, which adopts the following technical solution: A composite substrate for an ecological concrete vertical greening system is composed of the following raw materials in the following volume ratio: 6-9 parts humus, 0.5-1.5 parts vermiculite, 1-3 parts perlite, 1-3 parts garden soil, and also includes 0.05%-1% polyacrylamide and 0.5%-2% methyl acrylate, accounting for 0.05%-1% of the total weight of the composite substrate.

[0006] By employing the above technical solutions, humus serves as the primary source of organic matter and nutrients; vermiculite, with its layered structure, provides excellent water retention and slow-release fertilization capabilities; perlite, as a lightweight porous material, effectively reduces the overall bulk density of the substrate and increases aeration porosity; garden soil provides the structural framework and some mineral nutrients. Polyacrylamide, as a soil structure modifier, enhances the bonding force between substrate particles, improving erosion and collapse resistance when applied to vertical surfaces; acrylic acid acts as an auxiliary water-retention and binding component. The scope defined in these claims ensures that the substrate possesses comprehensive advantages in key performance aspects such as lightweighting, water retention, structural stability, and plant nutrient supply.

[0007] Preferably, the volume ratio of each raw material is: 8 parts humus, 1 part vermiculite, 2 parts perlite, and 2 parts garden soil.

[0008] By adopting the above technical solution, under this ratio, the functions of each component are optimally coordinated, and the nutrient supply and acid-base buffering effect of humus, the precise water retention of vermiculite, the weight reduction and aeration of perlite, and the stable structure of garden soil are optimally integrated.

[0009] Optionally, the perlite has a particle size of 3-5 mm, and the vermiculite has a particle size of 2-4 mm.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solutions, perlite within this particle size range can form stable and well-connected large pores in the matrix, ensuring sufficient oxygen for root respiration, while avoiding pore blockage due to excessively fine particles or decreased water retention due to excessively coarse particles. Vermiculite within this particle size range can maintain high water absorption (interlayer water) while possessing suitable particle strength, making it less prone to crushing during mixing and laying.

[0011] Optionally, the composite substrate is laid with a thickness of 2-5 cm during construction.

[0012] The range achieved by adopting the above technical solutions is based on a comprehensive consideration of load, water retention requirements, and plant root space under different application scenarios. 2cm can be used as the lower limit for ultra-lightweight thin-layer greening; 5cm is the upper limit to meet the root development needs of most shrubs while controlling the overall weight.

[0013] Optionally, the humus is fermented and sieved humus, and the sieve aperture is no larger than 2 cm.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solutions, the fully fermented humus soil has stable organic matter, fewer pathogens and weed seeds, and uniform physicochemical properties; the sieving process removes large impurities and foreign objects that are not fully decomposed, ensuring the uniformity and fineness of the matrix composition and avoiding local structural instability or blockage of the pores of the ecological concrete.

[0015] Optionally, the fermentation treatment method is as follows: Garden greening waste and agricultural organic waste are mixed at a dry weight ratio of (5-7):(3-5), crushed and the moisture content of the mixture is adjusted to 55%-65% to obtain a mixture, which is then inoculated with compound microbial agents and fermented. The fermentation process is divided into two stages. In the first stage, the inoculated material is composted under oxygen-supply conditions, and the temperature of the compost pile is controlled within the range of 50-70℃ for 3-10 days. In the second stage, the material fermented in the first stage is transferred to an oxygen-limited environment, and the temperature is controlled within the range of 35-50℃ for 10-25 days for further fermentation. The fermented material is then screened to obtain fermented humus.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, firstly, the specific raw material ratio ensures a reasonable carbon-nitrogen ratio and nutrient diversity; secondly, during the fermentation process, the first stage aims to rapidly degrade organic matter and kill harmful organisms using high temperatures; the second stage focuses on promoting the synthesis and accumulation of stable humus, and under oxygen-limited conditions, microorganisms naturally regulate the pH value of the products, making them more suitable for the subsequent alkaline concrete environment. Humus prepared using this method exhibits higher decomposition maturity, more stable properties, stronger pH buffering capacity, and a richer community of beneficial microorganisms.

[0017] Optionally, the compound microbial agent includes at least alkalophilic Bacillus, thermophilic cellulose-degrading bacteria, Trichoderma fungi, and lactic acid bacteria, and the inoculation amount of the compound microbial agent is 0.3%-0.5% of the dry weight of the mixture.

[0018] By employing the above technical solutions, *Bacillus alkaliphilus* can tolerate and initiate fermentation in a slightly alkaline pretreatment environment; thermophilic cellulose-degrading bacteria and *Trichoderma* fungi synergistically and powerfully decompose lignocellulose, driving rapid heating of the compost pile and material degradation; lactic acid bacteria play a role in the later stages of fermentation, producing acid to regulate pH and inhibit other microorganisms. An inoculum size of 0.3%-0.5% is an optimized, economically effective concentration that ensures the functional microbiota quickly establishes dominance and dominates the entire fermentation process.

[0019] Optionally, a method for preparing a composite substrate for an ecological concrete vertical greening system includes the following steps: S1: According to the volume ratio described in claim 1 or 2, humus, vermiculite, perlite and garden soil are mixed to obtain a basic mixture; S2: Dissolve polyacrylamide and methyl acrylate in water, then add them to the base mixture and stir until a viscous consistency is reached, thus obtaining a composite matrix material suitable for application.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, the outstanding technical effect of this method lies in its simplicity, efficiency, strong operability, and ease of standardization and large-scale production. It avoids some preparation modes in existing technologies that require long-term in-situ fermentation or complex processes. Through a simple process of physical mixing and solution blending, it can quickly and stably integrate various functional components into one, forming a final product with uniform performance.

[0021] In summary, this application has the following beneficial effects: 1. Because this application uses a specific volume ratio of humus, vermiculite, perlite and garden soil, and adds polyacrylamide and methyl acrylate in combination, the resulting composite matrix achieves an optimal balance in key indicators such as bulk density, porosity, water retention and structural stability. This creates a lightweight, breathable, water-retaining and root-strengthening rhizosphere environment suitable for plants in the alkaline porous environment of ecological concrete, which significantly improves the survival rate and green period of plants.

[0022] 2. The preferred raw material ratio, key auxiliary material particle size, and two-stage fermentation process for humus soil containing specific microbial agents in this application further optimize the physical and chemical properties and biological activity of the substrate, making it accurately adaptable to different vertical greening scenarios such as rooftops and walls, and achieving the goal of long-term stability and low maintenance.

[0023] 3. The preparation method of this application involves only two core steps: physical mixing and solution mixing. The process is simple, efficient, and does not require complex equipment. It is easy to standardize and scale up production, effectively overcoming the shortcomings of the existing technology, such as complex preparation process, long cycle and high cost. This provides a solid foundation for the engineering application and promotion of this technology. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The following detailed description of this application is provided in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be noted that: unless otherwise specified, the conditions in the following embodiments are performed under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials used in the following embodiments are all from commercially available sources. Example Example

[0025] This embodiment provides a composite matrix for an ecological concrete vertical greening system and its preparation method, specifically an optimized solution for rooftop greening scenarios.

[0026] Raw materials: fully fermented humus soil that has passed through a 2cm sieve, vermiculite (particle size 2-4mm), perlite (particle size 3-5mm), and garden soil.

[0027] Volume ratio: Humus: Vermiculite: Perlite: Garden soil = 8:1:2:2.

[0028] Additives: Polyacrylamide (0.3% of the total weight of the matrix), methyl acrylate (1% of the total weight of the matrix).

[0029] Preparation and construction methods: Weigh each raw material according to the above volume ratio, place them in a mixer and dry mix them thoroughly to obtain the basic mixture.

[0030] Dissolve the weighed polyacrylamide and methyl acrylate in an appropriate amount of water and stir thoroughly until completely dissolved to prepare an additive solution.

[0031] Slowly add the additive solution to the base mixture while stirring continuously until the materials are evenly mixed and form a viscous, cohesive mass without large particles.

[0032] The mixed composite matrix is ​​evenly spread on the ecological concrete slab, with the thickness controlled at 3cm.

[0033] The detection method is as follows: 1. Bulk density determination The ring cutter method is used. Using a 100cm³ stainless steel ring cutter, three points are randomly selected in the laid substrate layer. The ring cutter is pressed vertically into the substrate until it is filled. The ring cutter is then carefully removed and the ends are trimmed.

[0034] The ring cutter containing the substrate was dried in an oven at 105°C until constant weight, and the dry weight (M_dry) was recorded.

[0035] Calculate: Bulk density (g / cm³) = M_dry / V. Take the average of three measurements as the final result.

[0036] 2. Total porosity determination The calculation was based on the saturation immersion method combined with bulk density data. The ring sample with a known dry weight (M_dry) after the bulk density was measured was placed with filter paper at the bottom and slowly immersed in water until saturation, at which point the weight no longer increased. The sample was then removed, the external water of the ring sample was wiped clean, and the saturated weight (M_sat) was measured.

[0037] Calculate saturated mass water content: Saturated water content (%) = [(M_sat-M_dry) / M_dry]×100%.

[0038] Total porosity is estimated using saturated water content and bulk density: Total porosity (%) ≈ saturated water content (%) × bulk density (g / cm³).

[0039] 3. pH measurement The potentiometric method was used. The air-dried matrix sample was passed through a 2mm sieve and mixed with deionized water at a ratio of 1:5 (weight / volume). The mixture was stirred with a glass rod for 1-2 minutes and allowed to stand for 30 minutes. A calibrated pH meter was inserted into the supernatant, and the pH value was recorded after the reading stabilized. Three parallel measurements were performed, and the average value was taken.

[0040] 4. Plant materials and cultivation design Crassula ovata was selected because it is a commonly used and relatively hardy Crassulaceae plant in vertical greening. At least three replicate experimental plots or planting boxes were set up, with the composite substrate prepared in Example 1 laid on an ecological concrete slab in each area. Healthy, uniformly sized Crassula ovata cuttings or seedlings in nutrient pots were planted evenly per square meter.

[0041] 5. Key physiological indicator testing A portable photosynthesis measurement system was used. Measurements were taken on healthy, fully expanded, mature leaves during sunny mornings between 9 and 11 am in the growing season. The instrument was set to standard light intensity (1000 μmol photosns m⁻²s⁻¹), CO₂ concentration (400 ppm), and temperature 25°C. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn) was read directly, in μmol CO₂ m⁻²s⁻¹. Five to ten leaves were measured per treatment, and the average value was taken.

[0042] Take fresh leaves and immediately weigh them (M_fresh). Then, blanch them at 105℃ for 15 minutes and dry them at 80℃ until constant weight, and weigh them (M_leaf_dry).

[0043] The relative water content of the leaf (%) is calculated as ≈ [(M_fresh-M_leaf_dry) / M_fresh]×100%.

[0044] After a full summer (with the hottest month in the local area as the test period), the percentage of plants that remain viable is counted.

[0045] 6. Load Calculation Calculated based on substrate bulk density and laying thickness.

[0046] The matrix self-weight load (kg / m²) = unit weight (g / cm³) × laying thickness (cm) × 10. For example: 0.668 × 3 × 10 = 20.04 kg / m². Then, the self-weight of the ecological concrete slab is added to obtain the total load, which is then compared with building structural load codes (such as the upper limit of 100 kg / m² for roof static load).

[0047] The substrate has a bulk density of 0.668 g / cm³, a total porosity of up to 89.767%, and a pH of 8.0. When used to plant *Hylocereus undatus*, it achieves a photosynthetic rate of 62.5 μmol CO₂·m⁻²·s⁻¹, a leaf water content of 88.2%, and a 100% summer survival rate. The substrate is lightweight, and when stacked with ecological concrete slabs, the roof load is less than 90 kg / m², fully meeting the core requirements of "high permeability and light load" for rooftop greening. Plants grow vigorously, with a green period exceeding 300 days. Example

[0048] The only difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the laying thickness is adjusted to 4cm, making it suitable for vertical wall greening scenarios. The raw materials, proportions, and preparation methods are the same as in Embodiment 1.

[0049] Detection data (method is the same as in Example 1): Bulk density: 0.659 g / cm³.

[0050] Total porosity: 78.500%.

[0051] pH value: 8.0.

[0052] Matrix saturated moisture content: 47.038%. Example

[0053] This embodiment adjusts the raw material volume ratio and the amount of additives, while the rest is the same as in Embodiment 1.

[0054] In this embodiment, the volume ratio of raw materials is: humus:vermiculite:perlite:garden soil = 7:1.2:2.5:1.8. The amount of polyacrylamide added is 0.1% of the total weight of the matrix, and the amount of acrylic acid added is 1.5%. The laying thickness is 3.5cm.

[0055] Detection data (method as in Example 1): Bulk density: 0.672 g / cm³.

[0056] Total porosity: 81.200%.

[0057] pH value: 7.8. Example

[0058] This embodiment uses specially prepared humus soil. The other raw materials, proportions, and preparation steps are the same as in Example 1, and the laying thickness is 4cm.

[0059] The method for preparing humus soil is as follows: Waste branches and leaves from landscaping and enoki mushroom residue were mixed at a dry weight ratio of 6:4, crushed, and the moisture content was adjusted to 60%. A compound microbial agent (10% alkaliphilic Bacillus, 18% thermophilic cellulose-degrading bacteria, 12% Trichoderma echinococcus, and 4% Lactobacillus plantarum by weight, with wheat bran as the carrier) was inoculated at a rate of 0.4% of the dry weight of the materials.

[0060] First stage fermentation: windrow fermentation tank, oxygen concentration >15%, temperature 58–62℃, lasting for 5 days, turning over once a day.

[0061] Second stage fermentation: A sealed fermentation chamber with an oxygen concentration <5% and a temperature of 42–45℃ was used for static fermentation for 18 days. The final fermentation indicators were: seed germination index (GI) reaching 90% and a C / N ratio of 20. The mixture was then sieved through a 2cm sieve to obtain the finished humus soil.

[0062] Composite matrix test data (method as in Example 1): Bulk density: 0.645 g / cm³.

[0063] Total porosity: 85.300%.

[0064] pH value: 7.5. Example

[0065] This embodiment adjusts the fermentation parameters and bacterial agent composition based on the humus preparation in Example 4, and adopts the substrate ratio of Example 3.

[0066] In the preparation of humus, the ratio of garden waste branches to king oyster mushroom residue is 5.5:4.5. No Trichoderma is added to the compound inoculant, but brown rot fungi are increased; the inoculum amount is 0.35%.

[0067] The fermentation process consists of two stages: a first stage at 52–55℃ lasting 8 days, and a second stage at 38–40℃ lasting 22 days. Fermentation is stopped when the pH of the humus soil reaches 7.2 and the GI reaches 85%.

[0068] Composite matrix test data (methods and proportions are the same as in Example 1 and Example 3): Bulk density: 0.680 g / cm³.

[0069] Total porosity: 79.800%.

[0070] pH value: 7.6. Example

[0071] In this embodiment, the raw material ratio and additive dosage were adjusted, and conventional fermented humus soil was used and sieved through a 2cm sieve.

[0072] In this embodiment, the volume ratio of raw materials is: humus:vermiculite:perlite:garden soil = 9:0.5:1:3. The amount of polyacrylamide added is 0.05% of the total weight of the matrix, and the amount of acrylic acid added is 2%. Laying thickness: 2cm.

[0073] Detection data (method as in Example 1): Bulk density: 0.710 g / cm³.

[0074] Total porosity: 75.400%.

[0075] pH value: 8.2.

[0076] Survival rate of *Gynostemma pentaphyllum*: 80%.

[0077] Comparative Example 1 This comparative example did not contain garden soil or vermiculite, nor any polymer additives.

[0078] In this comparative example, the volume ratio of raw materials is humus:perlite = 10:3. Ordinary humus was used and passed through a 2cm sieve.

[0079] Detection data (method as in Example 1): Bulk density: 0.520 g / cm³.

[0080] Total porosity: 92.500%.

[0081] pH value: 8.5.

[0082] Survival rate of *Hylocereus undatus*: <50%, leaves turn yellow.

[0083] As can be seen from Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, the synergistic effect of each functional component in the composite matrix of the present invention is crucial. Example 1, within the preferred range defined in claim 1, has all components and additives present, and its matrix bulk density and total porosity are in an ideal balance range, resulting in a 100% summer survival rate after planting *Hylocereus undatus*. In contrast, Comparative Example 1 lacked garden soil and vermiculite, and no polymer additives were added, leading to a loose matrix structure, excessively high porosity, and extremely poor water retention and root-fixing capabilities, ultimately resulting in a plant survival rate of less than 50% and leaf yellowing. This demonstrates the necessity and synergistic effect of each raw material component and additive in constructing a lightweight, highly porosity, structurally stable, water- and fertilizer-retaining matrix; the absence of any key component will lead to system malfunction.

[0084] As can be seen from Examples 1 and 6, the volume ratio range of the raw materials in claim 1 of this invention is scientific and reasonable. Example 1 uses the optimal ratio, and its various physicochemical indicators and plant growth performance are optimal. Although Example 6 can still meet the basic requirements of vertical greening, its overall performance has significantly decreased compared to Example 1.

[0085] As can be seen from Examples 1 and 2, the thickness of the composite substrate in this invention is a key adjustable parameter for adapting to different vertical greening scenarios. Example 1, targeting rooftop greening, uses a 3cm thickness, achieving extremely low load per unit area and meeting the core requirement of lightweight roof loads. Example 2, targeting vertical walls, increases the thickness to 4cm. Its density and porosity indicate that the substrate maintains good lightweight and structural stability after thickening, while the significantly increased saturated water content extends water retention time, meeting the requirements of stable wall structure and long-lasting water retention. Both examples use the exact same raw materials and proportions; only the thickness is adjusted to precisely adapt to different scenarios, demonstrating the flexibility and scenario adaptability of the present invention's technical solution in practical applications.

[0086] As can be seen from Examples 1 and 4, the humus prepared using the specific two-stage fermentation process described in this invention can significantly improve the overall performance of the composite substrate. Example 1 used conventionally fermented humus, while Example 4 used specially formulated humus with the same substrate ratio. The comparison revealed that the bulk density of the substrate in Example 4 was further reduced, the total porosity remained excellent, and the pH value was closer to neutral. This is attributed to the synergistic effect of the specific microbial agent in the two-stage fermentation process of the humus preparation process in Example 4, which resulted in more thorough decomposition, more stable properties, and inherent pH buffering capacity.

[0087] As can be seen from Examples 4 and 5, within the framework of the two-stage fermentation core process described in this invention, reasonable adjustments to parameters such as raw material ratios, specific composition of microbial agents, and fermentation temperature and time can produce high-quality humus suitable for this substrate. Examples 4 and 5 employed different garden / microbial residue ratios, different combinations of functional microbial agents, and differentiated two-stage fermentation temperatures and times. Ultimately, the humus prepared by both examples achieved high seed germination indices, and the composite substrate prepared using these substrates exhibited significantly better key indicators such as bulk density, porosity, and pH compared to the examples using conventional humus, falling within the optimal range required for vertical greening.

[0088] This specific embodiment is merely an explanation of this application and is not intended to limit it. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art can make modifications to this embodiment without contributing any inventive step, but such modifications are protected by patent law as long as they fall within the scope of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A composite substrate for an ecological concrete vertical greening system, characterized in that, It is composed of the following raw materials in the following volume ratio: 6-9 parts humus, 0.5-1.5 parts vermiculite, 1-3 parts perlite, 1-3 parts garden soil, and also includes 0.05%-1% polyacrylamide and 0.5%-2% methyl acrylate, accounting for 0.05%-1% of the total weight of the composite matrix.

2. The composite substrate for an ecological concrete vertical greening system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The volume ratio of each raw material is as follows: 8 parts humus, 1 part vermiculite, 2 parts perlite, and 2 parts garden soil.

3. The composite substrate for an ecological concrete vertical greening system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The perlite has a particle size of 3-5 mm, and the vermiculite has a particle size of 2-4 mm.

4. The composite substrate for an ecological concrete vertical greening system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The composite substrate is laid with a thickness of 2-5cm during construction.

5. The composite substrate for an ecological concrete vertical greening system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The humus soil is fermented and sieved, and the sieve aperture is no larger than 2 cm.

6. The composite substrate for an ecological concrete vertical greening system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The fermentation treatment method is as follows: Garden greening waste and agricultural organic waste are mixed at a dry weight ratio of (5-7):(3-5), crushed and the moisture content of the mixture is adjusted to 55%-65% to obtain a mixture, which is then inoculated with compound microbial agents and fermented. The fermentation process is divided into two stages. In the first stage, the inoculated material is composted under oxygen-supply conditions, and the temperature of the compost pile is controlled within the range of 50-70℃ for 3-10 days. In the second stage, the material fermented in the first stage is transferred to an oxygen-limited environment, and the temperature is controlled within the range of 35-50℃ for 10-25 days for further fermentation. The fermented material is then screened to obtain fermented humus.

7. The composite substrate for an ecological concrete vertical greening system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The compound microbial agent includes at least alkalophilic Bacillus, thermophilic cellulose-degrading bacteria, Trichoderma fungi, and lactic acid bacteria, and the inoculation amount of the compound microbial agent is 0.3%-0.5% of the dry weight of the mixture.

8. A method for preparing a composite substrate for an ecological concrete vertical greening system as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: According to the volume ratio described in claim 1 or 2, humus, vermiculite, perlite and garden soil are mixed to obtain a basic mixture; S2: Dissolve polyacrylamide and methyl acrylate in water, add them to the base mixture, and stir until it reaches a viscous state to obtain a composite matrix material that can be laid.