A feed for white shrimp and a method for preparing the same

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of aquatic feed, and discloses a white shrimp feed and a preparation method thereof. The white shrimp feed contains 10-30% of fish meal and 5-20% of compound protein powder in percentage by mass; wherein the compound protein powder contains a microbial protein source and exogenous amino acids in a mass ratio of (6-16):1; the microbial protein source is a compound of chlorella, saccharomyces cerevisiae and clostridium protein; and the exogenous amino acids are a compound of DL-bisalanine and L-glutamine. The white shrimp feed can accelerate the growth of prawns, reduce the feed ratio, maintain the normal nutritional quality of prawns, reduce the metabolic damage of hepatopancreas, significantly improve the antioxidant capacity of hepatopancreas, enhance the anti-stress level of the body, and balance the breeding benefit and the physiological health of prawns under the condition of high substitution rate of 50% fish meal replaced by the compound protein powder.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of aquatic feed technology, and in particular to a feed for Litopenaeus vannamei and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Litopenaeus vannamei ( Litopenaeus vannamei Litopenaeus vannamei, commonly known as the whiteleg shrimp, is the world's mainstream farmed shrimp species. With the continuous expansion of the farming scale, the demand for feed has surged. Fishmeal, as a core high-quality animal protein raw material for shrimp feed, faces resource shortages and high market prices, significantly increasing the cost of farmed feed and hindering the green and sustainable development of the shrimp farming industry. Therefore, the industry urgently needs to develop efficient fishmeal alternative protein raw materials.

[0003] Currently, fishmeal substitutes are divided into two categories: plant proteins and conventional animal proteins. Plant proteins such as soybean meal and corn gluten meal contain various anti-nutritional factors and have an imbalanced amino acid ratio, making them difficult to match the growth requirements of shrimp. Animal proteins such as chicken meal and meat and bone meal have poor palatability and low digestibility and absorption rates, resulting in unsatisfactory substitution effects. In recent years, microbial proteins have become a new research direction for substitution due to their high protein content, production not being limited by season or region, and the absence of anti-nutritional factors. Among them, Chlorella, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Clostridium ethanolii proteins all have application potential. However, existing technologies have significant shortcomings: single or arbitrary compounding of microbial proteins can cause an imbalance of amino acids in feed. High proportions of addition can easily reduce the feeding and digestion efficiency of shrimp, leading to an increase in the feed conversion ratio. At the same time, there is a general technical bias in the industry. When the fishmeal substitution rate exceeds 30%, shrimp are highly susceptible to oxidative stress, resulting in a decrease in the antioxidant capacity of the hepatopancreas, a reduction in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and a large accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) lipid peroxides, causing hepatopancreas damage and a decline in growth rate.

[0004] Therefore, how to balance the overall amino acid level, maintain or even improve the growth performance of shrimp and protect the antioxidant capacity of the hepatopancreas while significantly reducing the amount of fishmeal (replacing it by more than 30%) is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved in the field of aquatic feed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to at least solve one of the aforementioned technical problems existing in the prior art. Therefore, one objective of the present invention is to provide a feed for Litopenaeus vannamei.

[0006] The second objective of this invention is to provide a method for preparing this Litopenaeus vannamei feed.

[0007] The third objective of this invention is to provide a first application of this Litopenaeus vannamei feed.

[0008] The fourth objective of this invention is to provide a second application of this Litopenaeus vannamei feed.

[0009] The fifth objective of this invention is to provide a third application of this Litopenaeus vannamei feed.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: The first aspect of the present invention provides a feed for Litopenaeus vannamei, wherein, by weight percentage, the feed for Litopenaeus vannamei comprises 10%-30% fishmeal and 5%-20% compound protein powder; wherein, The compound protein powder contains microbial protein source and exogenous amino acids in a mass ratio of (6-16):1; The microbial protein source is a compound of Chlorella, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Clostridium ethanolae proteins; The exogenous amino acid is a compound of DL-bismethionine and L-glutamine.

[0011] In some embodiments of the present invention, the composite protein powder contains a microbial protein source and exogenous amino acids in a mass ratio of (6-10):1.

[0012] In some embodiments of the present invention, the mass ratio of Chlorella, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Clostridium ethanolis protein is (1.4-2.5): 1: (1-1.7).

[0013] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the mass ratio of Chlorella, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Clostridium ethanolis protein is (1.6-2): 1: (1.2-1.5).

[0014] In some embodiments of the present invention, the mass ratio of DL-bismethionine to L-glutamine is 1:(2-3).

[0015] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the mass ratio of DL-bismethionine to L-glutamine is 1:(2-2.5).

[0016] In some embodiments of the present invention, the Litopenaeus vannamei feed further comprises, by weight percentage: 12%-20% animal protein source, 16%-25% plant protein source, 16%-24% starch source, 2%-4% fat source, 1.5%-3% mineral additives, 0.4%-1% compound vitamins, 3%-7% attractant, 0.05%-0.15% antifungal agent, 0.01%-0.05% antioxidant, and 0.1%-0.5% choline.

[0017] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the Litopenaeus vannamei feed further comprises, by weight percentage: 14%-18% animal protein source, 19%-23% plant protein source, 18%-22% starch source, 2.5%-3.5% fat source, 2.0%-2.5% mineral additives, 0.4%-0.8% compound vitamins, 4%-6% palatability enhancer, 0.05%-0.1% antifungal agent, 0.01%-0.03% antioxidant, and 0.1%-0.3% choline.

[0018] In some embodiments of the present invention, the animal protein source includes at least one of shrimp shell powder and chicken powder.

[0019] In some embodiments of the present invention, the plant protein source includes at least one of soybean meal, rapeseed meal, dephenolized cottonseed meal, and soybean protein concentrate.

[0020] In some embodiments of the present invention, the starch source includes at least one of corn gluten powder and high-gluten flour.

[0021] In some embodiments of the present invention, the fat source includes at least one of fish oil and soybean lecithin oil.

[0022] In some embodiments of the present invention, the mineral additive includes at least one of a complex mineral salt, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, and sodium chloride.

[0023] In some embodiments of the present invention, the compound mineral salt, based on the dry weight of the Litopenaeus vannamei feed, comprises the following components: ferric sulfate ≥ 32.2 mg / kg, copper sulfate ≥ 40.5 mg / kg, zinc sulfate ≥ 285.0 mg / kg, magnesium sulfate ≥ 315.5 mg / kg, calcium carbonate ≥ 6.25 mg / kg, and cobalt sulfate ≥ 3.15 mg / kg.

[0024] In some embodiments of the present invention, the compound vitamins, based on the dry weight of the Litopenaeus vannamei feed, comprise the following components: vitamin A ≥ 10000 IU / kg, vitamin B1 ≥ 45 mg / kg, vitamin B12 ≥ 0.02 mg / kg, vitamin C ≥ 200 mg / kg, vitamin D3 ≥ 1800 IU / kg, vitamin K3 ≥ 45 mg / kg, riboflavin ≥ 45 mg / kg, vitamin E ≥ 100 mg / kg, calcium pantothenate ≥ 120 mg / kg, niacin ≥ 125 mg / kg, biotin ≥ 1.2 mg / kg, folic acid ≥ 8 mg / kg, and pyridoxine hydrochloride ≥ 50 mg / kg.

[0025] In some embodiments of the present invention, the attractant includes at least one of squid paste and enzymatically hydrolyzed shrimp syrup.

[0026] In some embodiments of the present invention, the antifungal agent includes calcium propionate.

[0027] In some embodiments of the present invention, the antioxidant includes ethoxyquinoline.

[0028] In some embodiments of the present invention, the Litopenaeus vannamei feed comprises, by weight percentage, the following components: 10%-30% fish meal, 5%-20% compound protein powder, 5-9% shrimp shell powder, 7-11% chicken meal, 16%-24% soybean meal, 1%-4% corn gluten powder, 15%-20% high-gluten flour, 2-4% squid paste, 1-3% enzymatically hydrolyzed shrimp lysate, 0.5%-1.5% fish oil, 1.5%-2.5% soybean lecithin oil, 1%-2% calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1%-0.3% sodium chloride, 0.4%-0.7% compound mineral salts, 0.4%-1% compound vitamins, 0.05%-0.15% calcium propionate, 0.01%-0.05% ethoxyquinoline, and 0.1%-0.5% choline chloride.

[0029] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the Litopenaeus vannamei feed comprises, by weight percentage, the following components: 10%-20% fish meal, 8%-20% compound protein powder, 6-8% shrimp shell powder, 8-10% chicken meal, 20%-24% soybean meal, 2%-3% corn gluten powder, 16%-19% high-gluten flour, 2-3% squid paste, 2-3% enzymatically hydrolyzed shrimp lysate, 0.5%-1% fish oil, 2%-2.5% soybean lecithin oil, 1.5%-1.8% calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1%-0.2% sodium chloride, 0.4%-0.5% compound mineral salts, 0.4%-0.8% compound vitamins, 0.05%-0.1% calcium propionate, 0.01%-0.03% ethoxyquinoline, and 0.1%-0.3% choline chloride.

[0030] In some embodiments of the present invention, the crude protein content of the Litopenaeus vannamei feed is 34%-52%, and the crude fat content is 7%-11%.

[0031] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the crude protein content of the Litopenaeus vannamei feed is 40%-45%, and the crude fat content is 8%-10%.

[0032] In some embodiments of the present invention, the particle size of the Litopenaeus vannamei feed is 1-2 mm.

[0033] The second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing the Litopenaeus vannamei feed described in the first aspect of the present invention, comprising the following steps: Mix all components except for the fat source to form a premix; The premixed feed is mixed with a fat source and granulated to obtain the Litopenaeus vannamei feed.

[0034] In some embodiments of the present invention, the frequency of forming the premix is ​​60-70 Hz and the time is 200-250 s.

[0035] In some embodiments of the present invention, the components other than the fat source are further subjected to a crushing and sieve-passing process before mixing.

[0036] In some embodiments of the present invention, the premix is ​​mixed with the fat source for 150-200 seconds.

[0037] In some embodiments of the present invention, the granulation conditioning process is 6-10 min, the conditioning temperature is 85-98℃, and the ring die compression ratio is 18-22.

[0038] Specifically, during the pelleting process, the pellets are softened by steam conditioning at 85-98℃ for 6-10 minutes, and then extruded into 1-2mm pellets using a ring die with a compression ratio of 18-22. The high temperature conditioning promotes the cross-linking of Chlorella polysaccharides and plant protein sources to form a microcapsule coating system, which blocks high temperature damage and effectively preserves the activity of heat-sensitive vitamins.

[0039] The third aspect of the present invention provides the application of the Litopenaeus vannamei feed described in the first aspect of the present invention in Litopenaeus vannamei farming.

[0040] The fourth aspect of the present invention provides the application of the Litopenaeus vannamei feed described in the first aspect of the present invention in the preparation of products that improve the growth performance of Litopenaeus vannamei.

[0041] The fifth aspect of the present invention provides the application of the Litopenaeus vannamei feed described in the first aspect of the present invention in the preparation of products that enhance the antioxidant properties of the hepatopancreas of Litopenaeus vannamei and improve the body's stress resistance.

[0042] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: The Litopenaeus vannamei feed provided by this invention uses a microbial protein source composed of Chlorella, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Clostridium ethanolica protein, combined with a DL-bismethionine and L-glutamine amino acid composition to achieve precise amino acid balance. It can replace 50% of fishmeal, reducing the amount of fishmeal added to feed from 30% to 15%, effectively alleviating the problem of fishmeal resource shortage and reducing feed production costs. Aquaculture trials show that after feeding Litopenaeus vannamei with this feed, the specific growth rate can reach 4.55% / day, and the feed conversion ratio is as low as 1.14. The growth performance and feed conversion efficiency are significantly better than the high fishmeal control group and other alternative groups. There are no significant differences in the moisture, crude protein, crude fat, and ash content of whole shrimp in each group, which can stably maintain the quality of shrimp meat. At the same time, the formula can reduce the metabolic burden on the shrimp hepatopancreas, significantly reduce serum AST and ALT liver damage indicators, increase the activity of hepatopancreas SOD and CAT antioxidant enzymes, and significantly reduce the content of MDA lipid peroxides, breaking the inherent industry problem that high proportion of fishmeal substitution easily causes oxidative stress and hepatopancreas damage. Detailed Implementation

[0043] The present invention will be further described in detail below through specific embodiments. Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials, reagents, or apparatus used in the embodiments and comparative examples are all available from conventional commercial sources or can be obtained by existing technical methods. Unless otherwise specified, the test or experimental methods are conventional methods in the art.

[0044] Example 1 This embodiment prepares a feed for Litopenaeus vannamei, the components and contents of which are shown in Table 1: Table 1. Components and content of Litopenaeus vannamei feed in Example 1

[0045] The compound protein powder contains microbial protein source and exogenous amino acids in a mass ratio of 7:1, based on the mass percentage of Litopenaeus vannamei feed. The microbial protein source is a compound of Chlorella, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Clostridium ethanolae proteins in a mass ratio of 9:5:7, and the exogenous amino acids are a compound of DL-bismethionine and L-glutamine in a mass ratio of 1:2. Based on the dry weight of Litopenaeus vannamei feed, the composition of the compound mineral salt is as follows: ferric sulfate 32.2 mg / kg, copper sulfate 40.5 mg / kg, zinc sulfate 285.0 mg / kg, magnesium sulfate 315.5 mg / kg, calcium carbonate 6.25 mg / kg, and cobalt sulfate 3.15 mg / kg; Based on the dry weight of Litopenaeus vannamei feed, the components of the compound vitamins are as follows: Vitamin A 10000 IU / kg, Vitamin B1 45 mg / kg, Vitamin B12 0.02 mg / kg, Vitamin C 200 mg / kg, Vitamin D3 1800 IU / kg, Vitamin K3 45 mg / kg, Riboflavin 45 mg / kg, Vitamin E 100 mg / kg, Calcium pantothenate 120 mg / kg, Niacin 125 mg / kg, Biotin 1.2 mg / kg, Folic acid 8 mg / kg, and Pyridoxine hydrochloride 50 mg / kg.

[0046] The preparation steps for Litopenaeus vannamei feed are as follows: S1. Mix fish oil and soybean lecithin oil evenly to obtain an oil phase mixture; S2. All components except fish oil and soybean lecithin oil are pre-crushed and passed through an 80-mesh sieve, and then mixed at 65Hz for 200s to form a premix. S3. Mix the premix with the oil phase mixture for 180 seconds, granulate using a fully automatic pellet mill, conditioning process for about 8 minutes, conditioning temperature 85-98℃, ring die compression ratio 18-22, 1.0mm particle size extrusion pelleting, natural cooling, to obtain Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp feed, and store in a sealed container at 4℃.

[0047] Example 2 This embodiment prepares a feed for Litopenaeus vannamei, the components and contents of which are shown in Table 2: Table 2. Components and content of Litopenaeus vannamei feed in Example 2

[0048] The compound protein powder contains microbial protein source and exogenous amino acids in a mass ratio of 7:1, based on the mass percentage of Litopenaeus vannamei feed. The microbial protein source is a compound of Chlorella, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Clostridium ethanolae proteins in a mass ratio of 7:8:6, and the exogenous amino acids are a compound of DL-bismethionine and L-glutamine in a mass ratio of 1:2. The components of the compound mineral salt and compound vitamins are the same as in Example 1, and the preparation steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0049] Comparative Example 1 This comparative example prepared a feed for Litopenaeus vannamei, and the components and contents are shown in Table 3: Table 3. Components and content of Litopenaeus vannamei feed in Comparative Example 1

[0050] The components of the compound mineral salt and compound vitamin are the same as in Example 1, and the preparation steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0051] Comparative Example 2 This comparative example prepared a feed for Litopenaeus vannamei, and the components and contents are shown in Table 4: Table 4. Components and content of Litopenaeus vannamei feed in Comparative Example 2

[0052] The compound protein powder contains microbial protein source and exogenous amino acids in a mass ratio of 7:1, based on the mass percentage of Litopenaeus vannamei feed. The microbial protein source is a compound of Chlorella, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Clostridium ethanolae proteins in a mass ratio of 9:5:7, and the exogenous amino acids are a compound of DL-dimethionine and glycine in a mass ratio of 1:2. The components of the compound mineral salt and compound vitamins are the same as in Example 1, and the preparation steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0053] Comparative Example 3 This comparative example prepared a feed for Litopenaeus vannamei, and the components and contents are shown in Table 5: Table 5. Components and content of Litopenaeus vannamei feed in Comparative Example 3

[0054] The compound protein powder contains, by weight percentage of Litopenaeus vannamei feed, a microbial protein source and exogenous amino acids in a 7:1 ratio. The microbial protein source is a compound of Chlorella, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Clostridium ethanolae proteins in a 9:5:7 ratio, and the exogenous amino acids are a compound of DL-dimethionine, lysine, arginine, threonine and alanine in a 1:1:1:1:1 ratio. The components of the compound mineral salt and compound vitamins are the same as in Example 1, and the preparation steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0055] The crude protein and crude fat contents of the Litopenaeus vannamei feeds in Examples 1, 2, and Comparative Examples 1-3 were determined. Specifically, the crude protein content was determined using the Kjeldahl method (GB / T 6432-2018 "Determination of Crude Protein in Feeds") via an automated Kjeldahl nitrogen analyzer. The crude fat content was determined using the ether extraction method (GB / T 6433-2025 "Determination of Crude Fat in Feeds"). The results are shown in Table 6. Table 6. Crude protein and crude fat content of Litopenaeus vannamei feed in Examples 1, 2 and Comparative Examples 1-3

[0056] Table 6 shows the crude protein and crude fat content of Litopenaeus vannamei feed in Examples 1, 2 and Comparative Examples 1-3. As can be seen from Table 6, based on the dry weight of Litopenaeus vannamei feed, after replacing 50% and 30% of fishmeal with compound protein powder in Examples 1 and 2 respectively, the crude protein and crude fat content did not change significantly compared with Comparative Example 1.

[0057] Application examples The feeds for Litopenaeus vannamei prepared in Examples 1, 2, and Comparative Examples 1-3 were used for the culture of Litopenaeus vannamei. Specifically, uniformly sized and vigorous juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei were selected and randomly divided into net cages, with 80 shrimp per cage and 4 replicates per group. The culture period was 8 weeks (56 days). The shrimp were fed 3 times a day at regular intervals, and the following analyses were performed: 1. Evaluation of shrimp growth performance: At the beginning and end of the culture, the total weight of each box of shrimp was weighed. Random samples were taken to measure the weight and length of each individual shrimp. The specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio were calculated. The specific growth rate (SGR, % / day) is calculated as follows: SGR = [ln(final average weight) - ln(initial average weight)] / 56×100%.

[0058] 2. Whole shrimp body composition analysis: Take whole shrimp samples after the farming is completed: ①Dry the product in an oven at 105℃ until constant weight, and calculate the moisture content using the weight loss method; ② The Kjeldahl method was used to determine the total nitrogen using a fully automated Kjeldahl nitrogen analyzer, and then the crude protein content was calculated by multiplying it by the protein conversion factor. ③ The crude fat content was obtained by Soxhlet extraction, ether reflux extraction, weighing and quantifying the fat content. ④ The whole shrimp sample was burned in a muffle furnace at 550℃ until constant weight, and the ash content was calculated by weighing the residue.

[0059] 3. Liver, pancreas, and serum biochemical and antioxidant enzyme activity assays: After the culture period, whole shrimp samples were collected and the following indicators were measured using a Nanjing Jiancheng biological reagent kit according to the instructions: Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT): These measures the activity of transaminases in serum. Higher values ​​indicate liver and pancreatic damage and greater metabolic stress. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the liver and pancreas: a core antioxidant enzyme; the higher the activity, the stronger the antioxidant capacity. Hepatopancreatic catalase (CAT): Clears hydrogen peroxide and works with superoxide dismutase (SOD) to resist oxidative stress; Malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver and pancreas: an end product of lipid oxidation; the higher the content, the more severe the oxidative damage in the body.

[0060] Table 7 Comparison of growth performance of Litopenaeus vannamei fed with different diets

[0061] In this context, data with different lowercase letter markers in the same row indicate that the corresponding indicators have significant differences. p <0.05.

[0062] Table 7 compares the growth performance of Litopenaeus vannamei fed different diets. As shown in Table 7, the shrimp fed the diet of Example 1 had a final body weight of 15.65g and a specific growth rate of 4.55% / day, which was significantly higher than Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, and better than Comparative Example 3. This indicates that the combination of microbial protein sources such as Chlorella, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Clostridium ethanolaceae, along with the combination of exogenous amino acids such as DL-bismethionine and L-glutamine, resulted in a highly balanced amino acid profile and high digestibility and absorption rate, which could significantly improve the growth rate of shrimp. Moreover, compared with the shrimp fed the diet of Example 2, the shrimp fed the diet of Example 1 had better growth performance, indicating that the compound protein powder could replace fishmeal at a high ratio (50%) without inhibiting shrimp growth, but rather promoting growth.

[0063] Table 8. Comparison of whole body composition of Litopenaeus vannamei fed with different diets

[0064] Table 8 compares the whole body composition of Litopenaeus vannamei fed with different feeds. As shown in Table 8, there is no significant difference in the whole body composition of Litopenaeus vannamei fed with different feeds. This indicates that the compound protein powder can provide balanced protein and lipids, ensuring the nutrition and meat quality of shrimp meat. A high proportion (50%) of fishmeal replacement does not change the basic nutritional composition of Litopenaeus vannamei.

[0065] Table 9. Comparison of antioxidant properties and digestive enzyme activities in Litopenaeus vannamei fed different diets.

[0066] In this context, data with different lowercase letter labels in the same column indicate significant differences in the corresponding indicators. p <0.05.

[0067] Table 9 compares the antioxidant properties and digestive enzyme activities of Litopenaeus vannamei fed different diets. As shown in Table 9, the serum AST and ALT levels of shrimp fed the diet of Example 1 were 10.15 U / L and 10.50 U / L, respectively, both significantly lower than those of Comparative Example 1. This indicates that the compound protein powder not only did not impose a metabolic burden on the shrimp, but also improved the health of the hepatopancreas. In contrast, the serum ALT level of shrimp fed the diets of Comparative Example 2 and Comparative Example 3 was significantly increased, and the AST level also increased. This indicates that when the formula is unbalanced, although it can maintain the growth of shrimp, it will cause certain stress damage to the hepatopancreas, verifying the safety and superiority of the diet formula of Example 1. Normally, when fishmeal is replaced by plant or microbial protein (especially when the replacement ratio exceeds 30%), shrimp often face oxidative stress, manifested as decreased SOD activity and increased MDA content. However, the data in the application examples show a completely opposite trend: shrimp fed with the feed of Example 1 showed significantly higher hepatopancreatic SOD activity than those in Comparative Example 1, indicating that the compound protein powder in Example 1 can effectively activate, rather than inhibit, the shrimp's own immune defense system; the CAT activity of shrimp fed with the feed of Example 1 was also better than that in Comparative Example 1, further confirming the synergistic enhancement effect of the antioxidant enzyme system; in addition, the MDA content of shrimp fed with the feed of Example 1 was significantly lower than that in Comparative Example 1, indicating that the feed of Example 1 can significantly alleviate the oxidative stress caused by high fishmeal replacement, making the shrimp more resistant to stress.

[0068] The above results indicate that, compared with traditional high-fishmeal feeds and other microbial protein substitutes, the Litopenaeus vannamei feed provided by this invention, under the condition of a high substitution rate of 50% fishmeal with compound protein powder, can: ① accelerate shrimp growth and reduce feed conversion ratio; ② maintain normal shrimp nutritional quality; ③ reduce hepatopancreatic metabolic damage, significantly improve the antioxidant capacity of the hepatopancreas, and enhance the body's stress resistance, thus balancing aquaculture benefits and shrimp physiological health.

[0069] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Furthermore, the embodiments of the present invention and the features thereof can be combined with each other unless otherwise specified.

Claims

1. A feed for Litopenaeus vannamei, characterized in that, By weight percentage, the Litopenaeus vannamei feed contains 10%-30% fishmeal and 5%-20% compound protein powder; wherein, The compound protein powder contains microbial protein source and exogenous amino acids in a mass ratio of (6-16):1; The microbial protein source is a compound of Chlorella, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Clostridium ethanolae proteins; The exogenous amino acid is a compound of DL-bismethionine and L-glutamine.

2. The Litopenaeus vannamei feed according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of Chlorella, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Clostridium ethanolis proteins is (1.4-2.5): 1: (1-1.7).

3. The Litopenaeus vannamei feed according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of DL-bismethionine to L-glutamine is 1:(2-3).

4. The Litopenaeus vannamei feed according to claim 1, characterized in that, By weight percentage, the Litopenaeus vannamei feed also contains the following components: 12%-20% animal protein source, 16%-25% plant protein source, 16%-24% starch source, 2%-4% fat source, 1.5%-3% mineral additives, 0.4%-1% compound vitamins, 3%-7% attractant, 0.05%-0.15% mold inhibitor, 0.01%-0.05% antioxidant, and 0.1%-0.5% choline.

5. The Litopenaeus vannamei feed according to claim 4, characterized in that, The animal protein source includes at least one of shrimp shell powder and chicken powder; And / or, the plant protein source includes at least one of soybean meal, rapeseed meal, dephenolized cottonseed meal, and soy protein concentrate; And / or, the starch source includes at least one of corn gluten meal and high-gluten flour; And / or, the fat source includes at least one of fish oil and soybean lecithin oil; And / or, the mineral additive includes at least one of a complex mineral salt, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, and sodium chloride.

6. The Litopenaeus vannamei feed according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, On a dry weight basis, the crude protein content of the Litopenaeus vannamei feed is 34%-52% and the crude fat content is 7%-11%.

7. The method for preparing Litopenaeus vannamei feed according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Mix all components except for the fat source to form a premix; The premixed feed is mixed with a fat source and granulated to obtain the Litopenaeus vannamei feed.

8. The application of the Litopenaeus vannamei feed according to any one of claims 1-6 in Litopenaeus vannamei farming.

9. The use of the Litopenaeus vannamei feed according to any one of claims 1-6 in the preparation of products that improve the growth performance of Litopenaeus vannamei.

10. The use of the Litopenaeus vannamei feed according to any one of claims 1-6 in the preparation of products that enhance the antioxidant properties of the hepatopancreas of Litopenaeus vannamei and improve the body's stress resistance.

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