Intelligent protection heating system and method for wading and high-cold special operation

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of special operation protective equipment, and discloses an intelligent protection heating system for water-involved high-cold special operation, which comprises a wearing body and an electronic control system; the wearing body is a garment or a protective device that can be worn by an operator and covers one area of the trunk, limbs or joint parts of a human body. The intelligent protection heating system for water-involved high-cold special operation is provided with electric leakage detection probes arranged at key positions such as finger tips, bottom of trouser legs and edge of a collar, and is provided with MOSFET independent switches connected in series in a power supply circuit, so that active electrical safety protection under the water-involved working condition is realized; when the probes detect water immersion and the reading of the corresponding temperature sensor abnormally increases, the system can accurately cut off the heating power supply of the area, and the heating modules of other areas are not affected and continue to work normally, so that the risk of electric shock is completely eliminated, and the overall warmth continuity of the operator is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of special operation protective equipment technology, specifically to an intelligent protective heating system and method for special operations involving wading and high-altitude cold regions. Background Technology

[0002] In special operation scenarios such as high altitude, polar scientific research, winter water rescue, and ice surface engineering maintenance, workers often need to be exposed for a long time in a complex extreme environment such as sub-zero temperatures, wading, rain and snow. The loss of body heat is accelerated rapidly, and frostbite is very likely to occur in the hands, feet and joints, which seriously threatens the safety and efficiency of the operation. To this end, a variety of electrically heated protective clothing and protective gear products have appeared on the market. The typical solution is to embed carbon fiber heating pads or metal heating wires in the clothing layer, and use portable batteries and control boxes to achieve active heating. Some products also integrate temperature sensors and simple temperature control circuits. However, such products have many insurmountable defects in combined water and cold working conditions: First, existing products generally lack electrical safety protection mechanisms for water-related scenarios and do not have real-time water contact detection methods. Once the waterproof layer is damaged or clothing is soaked, the heating circuit may form a leakage path through the water, posing a serious risk of electric shock. Moreover, when workers are wearing heavy cold-proof gloves, they cannot detect and cut off the power in time. Secondly, waterproofing and heat dissipation are difficult to achieve at the same time. Although a fully enclosed waterproof layer can block water, it leads to heat accumulation, local overheating, and even burns. At the same time, the lack of breathability exacerbates the accumulation of sweat and reduces comfort. On the other hand, pursuing breathability will inevitably reduce the waterproof performance. The wiring at the joints is unreliable; the heating wires are prone to breakage and short circuits after repeated bending; and water seepage is a prominent problem at the joints and perforations. The battery management system is crude and lacks fine monitoring of cell-level voltage and temperature. It is prone to voltage drop or thermal runaway when discharging at low temperature and high current. Simultaneous full power output from multiple channels will exceed the battery load. The human-computer interaction methods are outdated. Traditional physical buttons or touch screens are almost impossible to operate when wearing heavy gloves or in low-visibility scenarios, and they lack non-visual feedback methods. The heating zone uses a uniform temperature control strategy, which cannot be adjusted according to the actual heating needs and pressure conditions of different parts of the human body, thus wasting energy and affecting the heat preservation effect. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an intelligent protective heating system that can take into account electrical safety in water, efficient heat conduction, joint bending resistance, precise battery management, convenient interaction, and zoned intelligent control, in order to meet the stringent requirements of special operations in water-related and cold-weather environments. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide an intelligent protective heating system and method for special operations in water-related and high-altitude cold environments, in order to solve the problems mentioned in the background art regarding the insufficient electrical safety protection, unbalanced thermal management, poor structural reliability, and low level of intelligence of existing electric heating protective products under combined working conditions in water-related and high-altitude cold environments.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an intelligent protective heating system for special operations in water-related and high-altitude cold regions, comprising a wearable body and an electronic control system; The wearable body is clothing or protective gear that can be worn by workers, covering an area of ​​the human body, such as the torso, limbs or joints, with the inner layer close to the skin and the outer layer exposed to the working environment; The electronic control system includes: The power supply module is fixed to the wearable body or set in a portable power pack independent of the wearable body, and is connected to the power-consuming components inside the wearable body through a flexible wire. Heating modules are sewn or attached to the inner layer of the wearable body in the form of sheets or strips, and are arranged to correspond to the parts of the human body that need to be kept warm. They include heating wires and temperature sensors attached near the heating wires. The control unit is encapsulated in a waterproof housing and can be detachably fixed to the outside of the wearable body or the waist belt. It contains an MCU and drive circuit, and is electrically connected to each heating module through waterproof connectors. The water immersion protection module includes a MOSFET switch, a leakage detection probe, and a non-volatile memory distributed in the power supply circuit of the heating module. The leakage detection probe is placed on the surface of the wearable body at a location that is easily exposed to water. The interactive module, located on the surface of the waterproof housing of the control host or at the cuffs and collar of the wearer, includes magnetic induction buttons and a vibration motor, allowing operators to operate and receive tactile feedback while wearing heavy gloves.

[0005] Preferably, the wearable body is one of a one-piece work suit, a two-piece top and pants, or a partial protective gear. The heating module is arranged in one or more positions on the back, chest, waist, knees, elbows, palms, or soles of the feet. The heating module at each position is connected to the control host through an independent flexible wire to form a heating area that can be controlled individually. The heating module comprises, from the side closest to the skin to the side furthest away from the skin, a flexible insulating layer, a thermally conductive silicone layer, a carbon fiber heating mesh, a phase change heat storage layer, and a fully enclosed waterproof layer. The thermally conductive silicone layer has micro-protrusion textures on the side in contact with the skin to increase the contact area with the skin. The fully enclosed waterproof layer is made of TPU film or rubber coating and is encapsulated with the surrounding fabric by high-frequency hot pressing or seamless bonding process, making it impermeable to water and air. The phase change thermal storage layer is made of paraffin-based composite material with a phase change temperature of 32℃-38℃. The temperature sensor has a ring structure and is embedded between the heating wire mesh and the phase change heat storage layer and arranged close to the heating wire.

[0006] Using the above technical solution, the heating module achieves efficient directional heat conduction and phase change storage of surplus heat through a five-layer composite structure. The micro-convex texture increases the skin contact area, and the paraffin-based phase change layer slowly releases heat during heating intervals, avoiding heat accumulation and localized burns caused by the fully enclosed waterproof layer. At the same time, each heating area is independently controllable, providing a hardware foundation for zoned intelligent temperature control.

[0007] Preferably, the back of the waterproof housing of the control host is provided with a webbing loop or buckle, which is detachably fixed by passing through the waist belt or shoulder strap of the wear body. The connecting wire between the control host and the heating module runs along the seam of the wear body. The seam and the wire through hole are completely sealed by seamless pressure bonding process. The wire has a slack allowance at the joint bending position and forms a serpentine wire path to adapt to the stretching and bending of the human body during movement. The power supply module includes a battery pack and a battery compartment. The battery compartment is sewn into the inside of the back or waist of the wearable body and has an opening and a Velcro closure. The battery pack is taken out and put in through the opening. An elastic cushioning pad is provided between the battery pack and the battery compartment. The cushioning pad is compressed after the battery pack is put in, so that the battery pack fits tightly against the wearable body and does not shake. The electrodes of the battery pack are connected to the contacts in the battery compartment through spring pins. The control host also has a pre-charging circuit. At the moment of power-on, the downstream capacitor bank is charged through a current-limiting resistor. After a set time is reached, the main relay is closed.

[0008] Using the above technical solution, the control host can be detached and fixed for easy quick insertion, removal and maintenance. The wires are routed in a serpentine pattern along the joints and are combined with seamless sealing to completely solve the problems of wire breakage and water seepage at the joint bends. The elastic buffer pad and spring pin design of the battery compartment ensure the power supply stability during violent movements. The pre-charging circuit effectively suppresses the surge impact during cold start.

[0009] Preferably, the leakage detection probe is fixed to the outer fabric surface of the wearer body by stitching or riveting, with the probe head protruding 0.5mm-2mm from the fabric surface. The probe is distributed in areas that are easily soaked in water, including the fingertips of the glove, the bottom of the trouser leg, and the edge of the collar. The probe is led to the detection circuit in the control host through a flexible wire. In the detection circuit, the probe is connected to the GPIO pin of the MCU. The pin is equipped with a pull-up resistor. The probe is connected in series with an external current-limiting resistor and then connected to the positive terminal of the power supply. When the system is working, the MCU continuously detects the level of the probe pin. When the probe comes into contact with water and causes the pin level to be pulled down to below the set threshold, it is determined that the system is currently in a water-filled state, automatically limits the output power, and triggers the leakage current self-test process.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, the leakage current detection probe directly senses water contact, and combined with software level detection, it can quickly determine the water immersion status, automatically reduce power and start the self-test process, thereby reducing the risk of electric shock in water immersion conditions from the source.

[0011] Preferably, the magnetic induction button of the interactive module is located on the side of the control host housing, and a slidable magnetic lever is provided at the corresponding position on the outside. The lever slides along the arc groove opened on the surface of the housing, corresponding to the four gear markings of off, low, medium and high. The vibration motor is fixed inside the control host housing on the side close to the human body. When the gear is switched, a fault alarm is triggered or the power is low, information is transmitted to the human body through different vibration rhythms. The system also includes a pressure sensing module, which consists of several thin-film pressure sensors that are attached to the inner layer of the wearer at locations corresponding to the human shoulder blades, buttocks, or soles of the feet. When the pressure sensor detects that the continuous pressure exceeds a set threshold, the control host automatically increases the heating power of the corresponding area.

[0012] Using the above technical solution, the magnetic induction button, together with the magnetic lever, allows operators to blindly switch gears even when wearing heavy gloves. The vibration motor provides non-visual feedback, which is particularly suitable for scenarios with low visibility or when wearing a mask. The pressure sensing module enables on-demand heating by dynamically enhancing the heating based on the pressure points on the body.

[0013] Preferably, in the water immersion protection module, the power supply circuit of each heating module is connected in series with an independent MOSFET switch. The MCU can control the on / off state of each MOSFET individually. When the leakage detection probe of a certain area detects water immersion and the corresponding temperature sensor reading rises abnormally, the MCU only cuts off the MOSFET switch of that area, and the heating modules in other areas continue to work normally. The water immersion protection module also includes a cell monitoring chip, which collects the voltage and temperature of each cell in real time. When the voltage of any cell exceeds 4.25V or falls below 2.75V, or the temperature at any location exceeds 85℃, the MCU immediately outputs a shutdown signal to the corresponding MOSFET isolation switch to cut off the power supply to that branch. At the same time, the type of the fault, the time of occurrence, and the cell number are written to the non-volatile memory. The control host is also equipped with a watchdog circuit, which triggers a hardware reset when the MCU program crashes or the response times out.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solutions, the independent MOSFET switch achieves precise isolation of the fault area without affecting the normal heating of other parts; cell-level voltage and temperature monitoring, combined with non-volatile memory, provides refined traceability protection; and the hardware watchdog ensures that the system can recover itself when the program is abnormal, which greatly improves the reliability in harsh environments.

[0015] Preferably, the control host is also equipped with a multi-channel clamping drive module, which connects the MCU and each heat-generating module branch. When the system detects that the battery temperature is below 0°C and multiple heat-generating modules request high power output at the same time, the drive module allocates time windows to each branch in sequence according to preset priority. Only one branch is allowed to run at full power in each time window, while the other branches are in standby mode with reduced power. The time windows are rotated according to a fixed period.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, under the extreme conditions of low temperature and high current discharge, the time-division multiplexing strategy not only protects the battery from overload, but also ensures the continuous heat supply to high priority areas (such as the torso), thus achieving optimized energy allocation of the battery.

[0017] Preferably, the present invention also provides an intelligent protective heating method for special operations in water-related and high-altitude cold regions, applied to the aforementioned intelligent protective heating system, comprising the following steps: The operator puts the main unit on their body, fixes the control unit to their belt or shoulder, puts the battery pack into the battery compartment and confirms that all connectors are connected in place. After the system is powered on and performs a self-test, it enters standby mode. The MCU uses a leakage detection probe to determine the current dryness or wetness of each area. Operators select the working mode via magnetic induction buttons. The working modes include daily heat preservation mode and high-heat working mode. In daily heat preservation mode, each heating module works in an intermittent pulse manner, heating for 2-4 seconds and then stopping for 8-12 seconds each time, relying on the phase change heat storage layer to maintain the body temperature. In high-heat working mode, the heating modules in the back and chest areas continuously heat at full power, while the limb areas are heated at full power in turn according to a time-sharing reuse method, with each turn lasting 5-10 seconds. During operation, ambient temperature, water temperature, battery power and working current of each branch are collected in real time. If the pressure sensor in a certain area detects continuous pressure, the heating power of that area is increased accordingly. If the leakage detection probe detects water immersion, the output power of that area is reduced or the power supply is cut off, and an alarm is issued through the vibration motor. When the system detects that the same area has been submerged in water twice in a row, it locks the heating function of that area until the operator dries the wearer and performs a reset operation by pressing and holding the magnetic induction button. When any cell voltage exceeds the limit or temperature exceeds 85°C, the corresponding branch is cut off and the fault log is stored. When the work is completed and the operator removes the protective suit, the system can no longer detect the presence of the battery pack in the battery compartment, automatically shuts down, and saves the day's work log to non-volatile memory.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, this method comprehensively solves the safety and thermal management problems in wading and high-altitude operations through a patterned temperature control strategy, water wading graded protection, pressure adaptive heating and automatic log storage, extends battery life and provides effective data for equipment health management.

[0019] Preferably, the leakage current self-test process specifically includes: after the system is powered on, a micro-current pulse is applied to the leakage current detection probe at a set interval, and the level recovery time of the probe pin is detected. If the recovery time detected multiple times in a row is shorter than the reference value in the dry state, the area is determined to be in a water immersion state and recorded. If the self-test is determined to be water immersion failure more than three times in a row, all outputs are locked and the warning light is lit until the fault record is cleared by connecting an external device through a dedicated interface or manually reset by pressing and holding the magnetic induction button.

[0020] Using the above technical solutions, the micro-current pulse self-test can distinguish between instantaneous humidity and environmental immersion, the continuous judgment mechanism avoids false alarms, and the three-level locking strategy forms a progressive water immersion safety protection from power reduction to full system shutdown.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the intelligent protective heating system for special operations in water-related and high-altitude cold regions: 1. By deploying leakage detection probes at key locations easily accessible to water, such as fingertips, bottom of trouser legs, and collar edges, and combining them with independent MOSFET switches connected in series in the power supply circuit, active electrical safety protection under water immersion conditions is achieved. When the probe detects water immersion and the corresponding temperature sensor reading rises abnormally, the system can accurately cut off the heating power supply to that area, while the heating modules in other areas remain unaffected and continue to operate normally. This completely eliminates the risk of electric shock while ensuring the overall warmth continuity of the workers. On this basis, the system also introduces a micro-current pulse self-test process, which periodically applies detection pulses to the probes and judges the level recovery time. After multiple consecutive water immersions, it automatically locks all outputs and illuminates the warning light. After the same area is immersed twice consecutively, the heating function of that area is forcibly locked until it is dried and reset, forming a multi-layered progressive water immersion safety protection mechanism. 2. By creatively adopting a five-layer composite structure heating module in terms of thermal management, from the skin-contact side to the outside, the module consists of a flexible insulating layer, a thermally conductive silicone layer with micro-textured texture, a carbon fiber heating wire mesh, a paraffin-based phase change heat storage layer, and a fully enclosed waterproof layer. The micro-textured structure of the thermally conductive silicone increases the heat transfer area in contact with the skin, allowing heat to be directly and efficiently conducted to the human body. The paraffin-based heat storage layer, with a phase change temperature of 32°C to 38°C, can absorb excess heat during the operation of the heating wire and slowly release it during heating intervals, naturally playing a role in peak shaving and valley filling. This effectively avoids heat accumulation and local burns caused by the lack of breathability of the fully enclosed waterproof layer. Combined with the intermittent pulse heating strategy of 2 to 4 seconds of power-on and 8 to 12 seconds of pause in the daily heat preservation mode, the system can maintain a long-lasting feeling of warmth even in a low power consumption state. 3. In terms of structural reliability, the control unit is detachably fixed to the waistband or shoulder strap via webbing loops or buckles. The connecting wires between the heating module and the main unit run along the seams of the garment. The seams and wire perforations are completely sealed using a seamless pressure sealing process. The wires are reserved with slack in areas with frequent joint bending and form a serpentine path, thus fully adapting to repeated stretching and bending during human movement. This fundamentally solves the industry pain points of easy wire breakage and easy water seepage in seams in existing products. The elastic buffer pad inside the battery compartment is compressed after the battery pack is put in, so that the battery pack fits tightly against the wearer and does not shake. The electrodes are connected to the contacts through spring pins, ensuring the stability of power supply under vigorous movement. The control unit also has a pre-charging circuit inside. At the moment of power-on, the current-limiting resistor first charges the back-end capacitor bank, and the main relay is closed after a delay of the set time, effectively avoiding the surge impact during cold start. 4. At the power management level, this invention collects the voltage and temperature data of each cell in real time through a cell monitoring chip. When the voltage of any cell exceeds the safety window of 4.25V to 2.75V or the temperature exceeds 85°C, the system immediately outputs a shutdown signal to cut off the power supply to the corresponding branch and writes the fault type, occurrence time and cell number into the non-volatile memory, realizing refined traceable protection. At the same time, when the battery temperature is below 0°C and multiple heat-generating modules request high power output at the same time, the multi-channel clamping drive module allocates time windows to each branch according to preset priority. Only one branch is allowed to run at full power in each window, while the other branches reduce power and standby and rotate according to a fixed cycle. Thus, under the extreme conditions of low temperature and high current discharge, it not only protects the battery from overload but also ensures the continuous heat supply to key parts such as the torso. In addition, the hardware watchdog circuit triggers a hardware reset when the MCU program runs abnormally, further improving the system's self-recovery capability and long-term reliability in harsh environments. 5. Regarding human-computer interaction, this invention employs magnetic induction buttons in conjunction with externally sliding magnetic levers. Even when wearing heavy, cold-weather gloves or wet gloves, operators can easily switch between four heating levels (off, low, medium, and high) by sliding the magnet. This completely overcomes the limitations of traditional physical buttons and touchscreens in low-temperature or gloved environments. A vibration motor fixed to the side of the main unit, close to the human body, transmits non-visual feedback information such as level switching confirmation, fault alarms, and low battery status through different vibration rhythms. This is particularly important in special working environments where vision is not reliable, such as low visibility or when wearing protective masks. Simultaneously, the system also incorporates thin-film pressure sensors at the shoulder blades, hips, and soles of the feet. When pressure is detected in these areas... When the pressure exceeds the set threshold, the control unit automatically increases the heating power of the corresponding area. For example, when carrying equipment or working in a kneeling position, the heat output of the shoulder blades or knees is specifically enhanced, realizing true on-demand zoned intelligent heating. The system also distinguishes between two working modes: daily heat preservation and high-heat operation. The former relies on intermittent pulses and phase change heat storage to maintain the basic body temperature, while the latter continuously heats the back and chest area at full power, and alternately heats the limbs at full power in cycles of 5 to 10 seconds, so that the limited battery energy is optimally allocated and utilized. After the operation is completed, the system detects that the battery pack in the battery compartment has been removed and automatically shuts down and saves the work log of the day to non-volatile memory, providing strong support for equipment maintenance management and retrospective analysis of work data. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a block diagram of the overall hardware architecture of the system of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the power supply module operation of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the working process of the wearable body and the heating sensor module of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating the working process of the water immersion protection module of the present invention. Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating the workflow of the MCU main control module of the control host of this invention. Figure 6 This is a flowchart of the interactive module workflow of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a flowchart of the overall control method of the system of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a flowchart of the power-on initialization method of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a flowchart of the multi-sensor synchronous acquisition method of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a flowchart of the battery cell safety protection control method of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a flowchart of the water-related leakage current graded protection and control method of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a flowchart of the adaptive temperature control and power scheduling method of the present invention; Figure 13 This is a flowchart of the human-computer interaction feedback control method of the present invention; Figure 14 This is a flowchart of the hardware watchdog abnormal reset method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] Please see Figures 1-14 The present invention provides a technical solution: an intelligent protective heating system for special operations in water-related and high-altitude cold regions.

[0025] Example 1: Winter Water Rescue – Basic Heating and Primary Water Protection of a Two-Piece Jacket like Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 7 As shown, this embodiment provides an intelligent protective heating system for special operations in cold water conditions, specifically applied to the split-type tops worn by water rescue personnel in winter. The structure and workflow are described in detail below in conjunction with the four stages of system power-on, mode selection, normal operation, and water wading trigger.

[0026] 1. System Composition and Assembly Details The main body of the garment is a two-piece top. The outer layer is made of 420D Oxford cloth with a PU waterproof coating, sandwiched with a 150g / m² polyester spray-bonded cotton insulation layer. The inner skin-friendly fleece layer is the skin-friendly material. There are four heating modules, located on both sides of the front chest (corresponding to the heart and lung areas) and a large area on the back (covering the entire scapular region). Each module measures 220mm × 180mm on the front and 300mm × 250mm on the back. The heating modules are layered from the skin-friendly side outwards as follows: Flexible insulation layer: 0.15mm thick polyimide film, temperature resistant up to 260℃, to prevent the heating wire from directly contacting the skin and causing low-temperature burns; Thermally conductive silicone layer: 1.2mm thick, thermal conductivity 3.0W / (m·K), the side in contact with the skin is pressed with a micro-convex dot array with a spacing of 3mm and a height of 0.8mm, increasing the actual contact area by about 40% and reducing the air insulation layer; Carbon fiber heating wire mesh: surface density 180g / m², resistance 8Ω / piece (at 25℃), surface temperature can reach 45℃ within 3 seconds after being powered on; Phase change thermal storage layer: paraffin-based composite material (n-octadecane and high-density polyethylene blended in a 7:3 ratio), phase change temperature 35℃, latent heat 180J / g, thickness 2mm, single-layer thermal storage capacity approximately 9kJ; Fully enclosed waterproof layer: 0.08mm TPU film, which is heat-sealed with the surrounding fabric at 140℃ and 0.4MPa by a high-frequency hot press. The sealing width is 8mm, ensuring that water molecules cannot seep in from the edges.

[0027] The control unit's casing is made of PC+ABS alloy material with an IP67 protection rating and dimensions of 80mm×55mm×22mm. The back has two webbing loops molded in one piece. Operators pass the webbing loops on the back of the control unit through the webbing sleeve sewn below the left front of the shirt, and then fasten the buckle on the webbing sleeve for quick release and fixation. The front of the control unit has a Micro-USB waterproof cover (for log export and firmware upgrade) and an LED indicator window.

[0028] The power supply module's battery pack uses two 18650 lithium-ion cells (3.7V / 3500mAh) connected in series, with a nominal output voltage of 7.4V and a maximum continuous discharge current of 8A. The battery compartment is sewn into a pocket on the inside of the back of the jacket, between the insulation layer and the lining. The pocket opening faces upward and has a Velcro flap. After the battery pack is inserted, the EVA elastic sponge pad at the bottom of the compartment (5mm thick, 60% compression rate) is compressed to 2mm, generating a continuous rebound force to keep the battery pack close to the back, preventing it from shaking and impacting the spine when running or climbing. The positive and negative terminals of the battery pack each have a 3mm diameter spring pin (PogoPin) with a stroke of 2mm and an elastic force of 120gf, which connects to the gold-plated copper contacts on the PCB inside the battery compartment, with a contact resistance of <20mΩ.

[0029] The leakage current detection probe is made of 304 stainless steel round bar with a diameter of 1.0mm. The head is machined into a hemispherical shape to prevent scratches. It is fixed to the outer fabric surface of the collar by riveting. The probe head protrudes 1.5mm. The probe tail is led to the control host through a 0.15mm² Teflon insulated wire and connected to the PA3 pin of the MCU (model GD32F103C8T6). This pin is equipped with an internal pull-up resistor of about 50kΩ to 3.3V. When the system is working, the probe is insulated from the fabric in dry air, and the PA3 pin is pulled up to a high level (≈3.3V). When the probe comes into contact with water containing ions, the water forms an equivalent resistance of about 5kΩ-50kΩ between the probe and the ground wire, pulling the PA3 pin down to below 0.5V.

[0030] 2. Power-on self-test and standby Before heading out on duty in the morning, the operators put the battery pack into the battery compartment and tighten the Velcro flip cover. The moment the spring pin of the battery pack makes contact with the contacts inside the compartment, the pre-charging circuit in the control unit takes effect: the 12V power supply charges the 470μF electrolytic capacitor bank on the main board through the 10Ω / 2W current-limiting resistor. After a delay of 800ms, the PB12 pin of the MCU outputs a high level to drive the NPN transistor, which in turn causes the 5V relay to engage. The current-limiting resistor is short-circuited, and the main power supply is officially connected to the system. This design limits the surge current to within 1.2A and avoids contact arcing.

[0031] After the MCU starts up, it performs a power-on self-test: sequentially checks whether the resistance of each NTC temperature sensor is within a reasonable range (corresponding to -20℃-85℃), reads the voltage of each cell of the cell monitoring chip (BQ25890) (should be between 3.0V-4.25V), and scans the continuity of the heating wires of the four heating modules (by measuring the voltage divider ratio to determine whether there is an open circuit or short circuit). After the self-test passes, the vibration motor (model 1027 Hall effect eccentric rotor motor) vibrates for 1.5 seconds in a "short-short-long" rhythm to indicate to the operator that the system is ready. The LED indicator flashes green slowly (1Hz), the system enters standby mode, the MCU enters STOP low power mode, and the static current of the whole machine is <200μA.

[0032] 3. Mode selection and normal heating Rescuers put on cold-weather gloves and pinched the magnetic lever on the side of the control unit (embedded with N52 neodymium iron boron magnets, with a surface magnetic flux of about 2000 gauss). They slid it from the "OFF" position to the "LOW" position along the arc-shaped groove. During the sliding of the lever, the output voltage of the linear Hall sensor (SS49E) located inside the housing changed linearly from 1.2V to 2.4V. After the MCU's ADC sampled the voltage and determined that the gear position had changed after it crossed the threshold, it triggered a single short vibration (0.1 seconds) from the vibration motor as a tactile confirmation.

[0033] The system enters the daily heat preservation mode. At this time, the MCU starts a timer with a 10-second cycle: for the first 3 seconds, the PB6 pin outputs a 20kHz PWM signal (40% duty cycle), which drives the four heating modules on the chest and back simultaneously via the AO3400 MOSFET. The carbon fiber heating wires generate approximately 6W of heat per piece. For the next 7 seconds, the PWM output is turned off, and the heating wires are de-energized. During the power-on phase, the thermally conductive silicone layer rapidly transfers heat to the skin, while the phase change heat storage layer rises above 35℃ and begins to absorb latent heat. During the power-off phase, the heating wires no longer generate heat, but the phase change heat storage layer slowly solidifies and releases the stored heat, maintaining the skin surface temperature at a drop of only about 1.5℃-2℃. Actual measurements show that in a static environment at -10℃, this strategy can stabilize the perceived temperature in the range of 31℃-34℃, while the average power consumption is only 30% of that of continuous heating.

[0034] 4. Water immersion triggering and protection response At 10:00 AM that day, rescuers waded into the river, where the water temperature was approximately 2°C. When the water reached their chests, the leakage current detection probe at the edge of their collars was submerged. Within the next 1ms timing scan cycle, the MCU detected a drop in the PA3 pin level from 3.3V to 0.3V, immediately set the "wading flag," and executed the following sequence of actions: The PWM duty cycle of the four heating modules was uniformly reduced to 15% (approximately 2.2W / unit) to reduce the risk of leakage current. The vibrating motor vibrated twice in a short-short rhythm to indicate to the workers that water wading had been detected. The LED indicator light switches to blue fast flashing (4Hz); The MCU writes the event (timestamp, probe ID, and current battery voltage of 7.1V) into a circular log in the external EEPROM (AT24C64).

[0035] After the rescuers withdrew from the water, the collar probe gradually dried in the air. About 15 minutes later, during the periodic micro-current pulse self-test (applying a 5mA / 10ms current pulse to the probe every 60 seconds and detecting the level recovery time), the MCU found that the recovery time had returned to the drying reference value (>50ms), and automatically cleared the "wading flag". The system returned to the previously set LOW daily heat preservation mode.

[0036] Example 2: High-altitude scientific expedition – Cell-level protection and water-resistant graded locking of one-piece work suits like Figure 2 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown, this embodiment adds advanced security mechanisms such as real-time monitoring at the battery cell level, watchdog self-recovery, and secondary locking during water wading, based on embodiment one. The system is applied to the coverall work clothes of scientific researchers at an altitude of 5200 meters.

[0037] 1. System differences and special configurations The wearable body is a one-piece work suit, covering the entire torso and limbs from the neck to the ankles. The number of heating modules has been increased to eight: two for the chest, one for the back, two for the waist (around the kidney area), two for the knees, and two for the elbows. The control host has been upgraded to a dual MCU architecture: the main MCU (GD32F103C8T6) is responsible for task scheduling and user interaction, while the co-MCU (STM8S003F3P6) is dedicated to battery cell monitoring and watchdog management. The two chips communicate with each other via the I²C bus.

[0038] The power supply module uses four 18650 cells (3500mAh), configured in two series and two parallel (2S2P) configurations, with a nominal voltage of 7.4V and a capacity of 7000mAh. Each cell has an NTC thermistor (10kΩ@25℃) attached to its surface, and the leads are connected to the cell monitoring chip (BQ40Z50-R2). This chip can collect the voltage (accuracy ±10mV), charging and discharging current (through a 0.5mΩ shunt resistor), and temperature of each cell in real time, and report them to the cooperating MCU via the SMBus protocol.

[0039] In addition to the collar, leakage current detection probes are also added to the fingertips (index and middle fingers) of each glove and to both sides of the bottom of the trouser legs, for a total of 10 probes in the system. They are connected to 10 GPIO pins (PA0-PA7, PB0-PB1) of the main MCU, and each pin is independently configured with a pull-up.

[0040] 2. The entire process of cell over-temperature protection During a 6-hour glacier drilling operation, the researchers set the system to "high-heat operation mode": the chest and back were continuously at full power (15W per cell), while the limbs were alternately at full power (8 seconds per circuit). At the 4th hour and 20 minutes, due to the sudden drop in the outside temperature to -28°C, the battery pack casing temperature had dropped to -5°C, the battery internal resistance increased, and the temperature of the second cell (Cell2) rapidly rose from -2°C due to the intensified internal polarization caused by the high current discharge.

[0041] The co-MCU reads data from the BQ40Z50 via SMBus every 200ms. When it reads a Cell2 temperature of 86.3℃ (exceeding the 85℃ threshold), the co-MCU immediately performs three actions: Send an emergency interrupt signal to the main MCU via I²C (pull the PB8 pin of the main MCU low); It directly outputs a high level to the input of a set of optocouplers (LTV-356T). The output of the optocouplers is connected in series with the gate pull-down resistor of the P-channel MOSFET (AO4407A) in the positive circuit of the main power supply, so that the gate-source voltage of the MOSFET becomes 0V, the MOSFET is turned off, and the power supply path from the battery pack to the motherboard is physically cut off. The fault record is written to its own Flash memory, including: fault code 0x03 (cell overheating), timestamp (millisecond count since system startup), cell number 2, and the voltage value at that time 3.98V.

[0042] The main MCU triggers an external interrupt on the falling edge of PB8. In the interrupt service routine, the vibration motor drive pin is immediately set high for 800ms (long vibration), and the LED indicator switches to solid red. Since the main power supply is cut off by the optocoupler on the co-MCU side, the main MCU stops working about 50ms later because VDD drops below 3.0V. This is a complete hardware-level power-off protection that cannot be bypassed even if the main MCU program crashes.

[0043] About 30 minutes later, the researchers returned to the camp, disconnected the battery pack from the external power supply, replaced it with a spare battery pack, and powered it back on. During the system self-test, the main MCU read the fault log in the co-MCU Flash via I²C and confirmed that the reason for the last shutdown was that the battery cells were overheating. Therefore, the LED flashed red and green alternately to indicate "Battery pack needs maintenance". At the same time, it prohibited entering the "high-heat operation mode" and only allowed the "normal heat preservation mode" to run until the logistics personnel connected to the computer through the Micro-USB interface and used special tools to clear the fault mark.

[0044] 3. Secondary water-related locking mechanism On the same day, another researcher was crossing a glacier when the probe at the tip of his right index finger glove was first immersed in the water. The system response was consistent with the primary protection in Example 1: power was reduced to 15% and a double short-vibration alert was issued. About 40 minutes after crossing the river, the researcher was wading in a snowmelt stream again, and the same probe detected water immersion for the second time.

[0045] At this time, the software counter (array water_count[probe_id]) in the main MCU increments the value of the probe ID from 1 to 2. When the count value is detected to be ≥2, the system performs a second-level lockout. Immediately pull the gate of the MOSFET switch (an independent N-channel MOSFET controlling the elbow heating module, model IRLML6344) in the glove area low to permanently shut down this branch, and it will not automatically recover regardless of whether the probe is dry later; The vibration motor vibrates for 3 seconds in a "short-short-short-long" rhythm; The LED continuously indicates the locked status with a slow orange flash (0.5Hz); Write the event "Probe_ID=Right index finger, Event=Second immersion lock, Time=14:32:05" to the EEPROM log.

[0046] Even if the researchers shut down and restart the system, the main MCU will read the lock flag table from the EEPROM during the initialization phase. If it finds that the bit corresponding to the probe has been set to 1, it will skip the driver configuration of this branch after completing the basic peripheral initialization and directly set its GPIO to high impedance input. There are only two ways to unlock it: First, remove the gloves and let them dry completely (usually requiring ≥4 hours of natural air drying or 30 minutes of blow-drying with a heater), then press and hold the magnetic switch (hold it down for more than 5 seconds until the MCU detects that the Hall sensor output is continuously below 0.5V). The MCU will then execute the clear_lock_flag() function to clear the corresponding bit in the EEPROM and soft reset the system. Second, connect a dedicated debugger via Micro-USB and send the unlock command frame 0xAA0x550x010x00 (executed only after CRC verification is passed).

[0047] 4. Watchdog self-recovery case On the third day of the mission, the researchers encountered a geomagnetic storm caused by strong solar wind activity, accompanied by high-intensity electromagnetic radiation. At a certain moment, the control host was interfered with by a transient electromagnetic pulse, the program counter of the main MCU jumped to an illegal address, the program crashed—the normal 10ms task loop stopped executing, the PWM output froze at a certain random duty cycle (about 65%), and the heating module continued to heat up without cooling down.

[0048] At this time, the independent watchdog timer (WDT, window time 1.6 seconds) running in the co-MCU, because it did not receive the "I'malive" I²C heartbeat packet periodically sent by the main MCU, immediately caused the RESET pin of the hardware reset chip (IMP811TEUS-T) on the control host PCB to output a low level for 120ms after the timeout. This signal is directly connected to the NRST pin of the main MCU, forcing the main MCU to perform a hardware reset. After the reset, the main MCU restarts from the initial vector, executes the complete self-test process, all peripherals return to their default state, and the PWM output returns to zero. The entire self-recovery process takes about 2.3 seconds. The body temperature drop caused by the 2.3-second power failure of the heating module is about 0.3℃, which has no substantial impact on the operator. After the reset is completed, the vibration motor vibrates with a "long-short-long" rhythm to inform the user that an abnormal restart has occurred.

[0049] Example 3: Polar Ice Surface Maintenance – Cryogenic Clamping and Pressure Adaptive Heating like Figure 6 , Figure 12 and Figure 13 As shown, this embodiment, based on embodiment one, focuses on demonstrating the low-temperature power scheduling strategy of the multi-channel clamping drive module and the adaptive temperature control function of the thin-film pressure sensor. The system is applied to modular partial protective gear (knee pad + elbow pad combination) for maintenance personnel on the ice surface near Zhongshan Station in Antarctica.

[0050] 1. Special hardware configuration of the system In this embodiment, the wearable device is not a full-body garment, but four independent modular protective gears: left / right knee pads and left / right elbow pads. Each protective gear has a built-in heating module (160mm×120mm in size), with the same structure as in Embodiment 1. A thin-film pressure sensor (model FSR402, diameter 18mm, trigger force approximately 0.2N, range 0.2N-20N, resistance variation range >100kΩ-<1kΩ) is attached to a specific position on the inner side (skin-contact surface) of each protective gear. The pressure sensor of the knee pad is attached approximately 3cm directly above the patella (corresponding to the quadriceps tendon area), and the pressure sensor of the elbow pad is attached above the olecranon of the ulna (corresponding to the triceps attachment area).

[0051] Each of the four protective gears is connected to a central control box (i.e., the control host) via a 1.2-meter-long flexible shielded cable. The cable connectors use IP68-rated spiral locking connectors (M8-4pin). The control host is also fixed to the waist belt. The power supply module uses a 7.4V / 10000mAh soft-pack lithium polymer battery, and the battery compartment is integrated on the back of the control host.

[0052] 2. Detailed process of cryogenic clamping drive On a summer afternoon in Antarctica, with an outdoor temperature of -31°C and a wind force of 5, maintenance personnel needed to remove the bolts of a set of meteorological instruments that were frozen on the ice. The high-intensity work was expected to last about 40 minutes. He first tightened and put on the four protective gear straps, put them into the battery pack, and the system powered on and passed the self-test.

[0053] The high-heat operation mode is selected by using the magnetic toggle. The main MCU reads the NTC temperature inside the battery pack and displays the battery temperature as -8℃ (below the 0℃ threshold). At this time, the MCU determines that the multi-channel clamping drive module needs to be started.

[0054] The core logic of the clamp driver is executed in a 1ms timer interrupt service routine of the main MCU. The system's preset priority table is: back (not used this time) > chest (not used) > left knee pad > right knee pad > left elbow pad > right elbow pad. Since only four protective gear branches are available, the ones actually involved in scheduling are: left knee pad (PRI=1), right knee pad (PRI=2), left elbow pad (PRI=3), and right elbow pad (PRI=4).

[0055] The time window length is set to 10 seconds (adjustable via firmware parameters). Within each 10-second window: 0-2.5 seconds (Slot 1): The full-bridge drive MOSFET of the left knee brace branch is allowed to conduct at 100% duty cycle, while the other three are clamped at 15% duty cycle (maintaining slight heat but not consuming large current). Slot 2-5.0: Right knee brace increases to 100%, left knee brace decreases back to 15%, left / right elbow brace remains at 15%; 5.0-7.5 seconds (Slot 3): Left elbow brace lateral line rises to 100%; 7.5-10.0 seconds (Slot 4): Right elbow brace lateral line rises to 100%.

[0056] At the end of each window, the system samples the battery pack voltage and current via the ADC. In the third cycle (approximately the 30th second), the MCU detects that the battery pack voltage has dropped from 7.4V to 6.6V, and calculates that the peak discharge current has reached 7.8A (close to the battery pack's continuous discharge limit of 8A). At this point, the clamping module automatically compresses the window length from 10 seconds to 6 seconds, and at the same time reduces the full power duty cycle from 100% to 80% to further reduce the peak current. This dynamic adjustment continues until the battery temperature rises above -2℃ due to self-heating, at which point the standard parameters are restored.

[0057] Throughout the operation, the core torso of the maintenance personnel (without the heating module) maintained a normal body temperature by relying on their own metabolic heat generation and the insulation of the thick down jacket. Although the joints of the limbs only received full power heating for about 25% of the time, the inner surface temperature of the protective gear was always maintained between 28℃ and 36℃ due to the heat storage and release effect of the phase change heat storage layer, and no frostbite occurred.

[0058] 3. Pressure-adaptive heating process throughout the entire process During the bolt removal process, the maintenance personnel repeatedly operated in a kneeling position—the left knee bore about 70% of the body weight (about 55kg) for more than 8 seconds, and the resistance of the FSR402 thin-film pressure sensor on the inside of the left knee pad dropped sharply from >50kΩ under no-load conditions to about 1.2kΩ.

[0059] The sensor is connected to a voltage divider network within the control unit: one end is connected to 3.3V, and the other end is connected to ground via a 10kΩ fixed resistor. The midpoint of the voltage divider is connected to the MCU's ADC channel (PC0). The MCU executes the read_pressure_sensors() function every 100ms to sample the four channels using a 12-bit ADC and convert them to resistance values. When the converted resistance of the left knee pad channel is less than 3kΩ (corresponding to a pressure of approximately 5kgf or more) and the duration exceeds 3 seconds, the MCU sets the knee_boost_flag.

[0060] After placement, the left knee brace branch receives two bonuses: Base duty cycle increase: Within its respective time window, the full power duty cycle increases from 80% to 95%; Additional pulse insertion during the window period: During the non-left knee pad window period, an additional 500ms 60% duty cycle pulse heating is inserted every 2 seconds.

[0061] These two measures enable the instantaneous heat output of the left knee brace to reach approximately 12W during the kneeling position (far exceeding the usual average of 5W), effectively offsetting the heat loss caused by conduction heat dissipation from the ice surface. When the maintenance personnel stand up, the resistance of the pressure sensor rises back to >30kΩ, and after 2 seconds, knee_boost_flag is automatically cleared, and the left knee brace returns to standard operation.

[0062] 4. Job completion and log storage After the work was completed, the maintenance personnel returned to the station, untied the protective straps and took them off, and opened the battery compartment to take out the battery pack for charging. There is a mechanical micro switch (model TS-1187A, trigger travel 0.3mm) on the control host PCB, which is installed near the battery compartment contacts. When the battery pack is put in, the battery pack shell presses the micro switch to close its normally open contacts, and the PA15 pin of the MCU is pulled low. When it is taken out, the contacts pop open, and PA15 returns to the high level of the internal pull-up.

[0063] In its main loop, the MCU checks the PA15 status every 500ms. When it detects that PA15 changes from low to high (i.e., the battery pack is removed from the compartment), it immediately executes the save_daily_log() function: it packages the following data since the current power-on into a 128-byte structure record and appends it to the EEPROM's log area (a circular buffer that can store a maximum of 30 records). After writing, the MCU delays for 3 seconds (to ensure Flash writing is complete), and then controls an N-channel MOSFET to cut off the main power supply to the motherboard, completely shutting down the system. The next time the battery pack is inserted, the pre-charging circuit works again, and the system is powered on and restarted.

[0064] Every week, logistics personnel connect the control host to the computer via a Micro-USB cable and use the accompanying host computer software to read the logs in the EEPROM. By analyzing historical data, they discovered that a maintenance worker's knee brace pressure record was consistently high, and deduced that the brace straps might be too tight, affecting blood circulation. They promptly provided adjustment guidance, demonstrating the added value of the system in equipment health management.

[0065] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An intelligent protective heating system for special operations in water-related and high-altitude cold regions, characterized in that, Includes the wearable device and the electronic control system; The wearable body is clothing or protective gear that can be worn by workers, covering an area of ​​the human body, such as the torso, limbs or joints, with the inner layer close to the skin and the outer layer exposed to the working environment; The electronic control system includes: The power supply module is fixed to the wearable body or set in a portable power pack independent of the wearable body, and is connected to the power-consuming components inside the wearable body through a flexible wire. Heating modules are sewn or attached to the inner layer of the wearable body in the form of sheets or strips, and are arranged to correspond to the parts of the human body that need to be kept warm. They include heating wires and temperature sensors attached near the heating wires. The control unit is encapsulated in a waterproof housing and can be detachably fixed to the outside of the wearable body or the waist belt. It contains an MCU and drive circuit, and is electrically connected to each heating module through waterproof connectors. The water immersion protection module includes a MOSFET switch, a leakage detection probe, and a non-volatile memory distributed in the power supply circuit of the heating module. The leakage detection probe is placed on the surface of the wearable body at a location that is easily exposed to water. The interactive module, located on the surface of the waterproof housing of the control host or at the cuffs and collar of the wearer, includes magnetic induction buttons and a vibration motor, allowing operators to operate and receive tactile feedback while wearing heavy gloves.

2. The intelligent protective heating system for special operations in water-related and high-altitude cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wearable body is one of the following: a one-piece work suit, a two-piece top and pants, or partial protective gear. The heating modules are arranged in one or more locations on the back, chest, waist, knees, elbows, palms, or soles of the feet. The heating modules in each location are connected to the control host through independent flexible wires to form a heating area that can be controlled individually. The heating module comprises, from the side closest to the skin to the side furthest away from the skin, a flexible insulating layer, a thermally conductive silicone layer, a carbon fiber heating mesh, a phase change heat storage layer, and a fully enclosed waterproof layer. The thermally conductive silicone layer has micro-protrusion textures on the side in contact with the skin to increase the contact area with the skin. The fully enclosed waterproof layer is made of TPU film or rubber coating and is encapsulated with the surrounding fabric by high-frequency hot pressing or seamless bonding process, making it impermeable to water and air. The phase change thermal storage layer is made of paraffin-based composite material with a phase change temperature of 32℃-38℃; the temperature sensor is a ring structure, embedded between the heating wire mesh and the phase change thermal storage layer and arranged close to the heating wire.

3. The intelligent protective heating system for special operations in water-related and high-altitude cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The back of the waterproof housing of the control host is provided with a webbing loop or buckle. The webbing loop passes through the waist belt or shoulder strap of the wearable body to achieve detachable fixation. The connecting wire between the control host and the heating module runs along the seam of the wearable body. The seam and the wire through hole are completely sealed with a seamless pressing process. The wire has a slack allowance at the joint bending position and forms a serpentine wire path to adapt to the stretching and bending during human movement. The power supply module includes a battery pack and a battery compartment. The battery compartment is sewn into the inside of the back or waist of the wearable body and has an opening and a Velcro closure. The battery pack is taken out and put in through the opening. An elastic cushioning pad is provided between the battery pack and the battery compartment. The cushioning pad is compressed after the battery pack is put in, so that the battery pack fits tightly against the wearable body and does not shake. The electrodes of the battery pack are connected to the contacts in the battery compartment through spring pins. The control host also has a pre-charging circuit. At the moment of power-on, the downstream capacitor bank is charged through a current-limiting resistor. After a set time is reached, the main relay is closed.

4. The intelligent protective heating system for special operations in water-related and high-altitude cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The leakage detection probe is fixed to the outer fabric surface of the wearer body by stitching or riveting. The probe head protrudes 0.5mm-2mm from the fabric surface and is distributed in areas that are easily soaked in water, including the fingertips of gloves, the bottom of trouser legs, and the edges of the collar. The probe is led to the detection circuit in the control host through a flexible wire. In the detection circuit, the probe is connected to the GPIO pin of the MCU. The pin is equipped with a pull-up resistor. The probe is connected in series with an external current-limiting resistor and then connected to the positive terminal of the power supply. When the system is working, the MCU continuously detects the level of the probe pin. When the probe comes into contact with water and causes the pin level to be pulled down to below the set threshold, it is determined that the system is currently in a water-filled state, automatically limits the output power, and triggers the leakage current self-test process.

5. The intelligent protective heating system for special operations in water-related and high-altitude cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The magnetic induction button of the interactive module is located on the side of the control host housing. A sliding magnetic lever is provided at the corresponding position on the outside. The lever slides along the arc groove opened on the surface of the housing, corresponding to the four gear markings of off, low, medium and high. The vibration motor is fixed inside the control host housing on the side close to the human body. When the gear is switched, a fault alarm is triggered or the power is low, information is transmitted to the human body through different vibration rhythms. The system also includes a pressure sensing module, which consists of several thin-film pressure sensors that are attached to the inner layer of the wearer at locations corresponding to the human shoulder blades, buttocks, or soles of the feet. When the pressure sensor detects that the continuous pressure exceeds a set threshold, the control host automatically increases the heating power of the corresponding area.

6. The intelligent protective heating system for special operations in water-related and high-altitude cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the water immersion protection module, each heating module's power supply circuit is connected in series with an independent MOSFET switch. The MCU can control the on / off state of each MOSFET individually. When the leakage detection probe in a certain area detects water immersion and the corresponding temperature sensor reading rises abnormally, the MCU only cuts off the MOSFET switch in that area, and the heating modules in other areas continue to work normally. The water immersion protection module also includes a cell monitoring chip, which collects the voltage and temperature of each cell in real time. When the voltage of any cell exceeds 4.25V or falls below 2.75V, or the temperature at any location exceeds 85℃, the MCU immediately outputs a shutdown signal to the corresponding MOSFET isolation switch to cut off the power supply to that branch. At the same time, the type of the fault, the time of occurrence, and the cell number are written to the non-volatile memory. The control host is also equipped with a watchdog circuit, which triggers a hardware reset when the MCU program crashes or the response times out.

7. The intelligent protective heating system for special operations in water-related and high-altitude cold regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control host is also equipped with a multi-channel clamping drive module, which connects the MCU to each heat-generating module branch. When the system detects that the battery temperature is below 0°C and multiple heat-generating modules request high power output at the same time, the drive module allocates time windows to each branch in sequence according to preset priority. Only one branch is allowed to run at full power in each time window, while the other branches are in standby mode with reduced power. The time windows rotate according to a fixed period.

8. A smart protective heating method for special operations in water-borne and high-altitude cold regions, applied to the system described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The operator puts the main unit on their body, fixes the control unit to their belt or shoulder, puts the battery pack into the battery compartment and confirms that all connectors are connected in place. After the system is powered on and performs a self-test, it enters standby mode. The MCU uses a leakage detection probe to determine the current dryness or wetness of each area. Operators select the working mode via magnetic induction buttons. The working modes include daily heat preservation mode and high-heat working mode. In daily heat preservation mode, each heating module works in an intermittent pulse manner, heating for 2-4 seconds and then stopping for 8-12 seconds each time, relying on the phase change heat storage layer to maintain the body temperature. In high-heat working mode, the heating modules in the back and chest areas continuously heat at full power, while the limb areas are heated at full power in turn according to a time-sharing reuse method, with each turn lasting 5-10 seconds. During operation, ambient temperature, water temperature, battery power and working current of each branch are collected in real time. If the pressure sensor in a certain area detects continuous pressure, the heating power of that area is increased accordingly. If the leakage detection probe detects water immersion, the output power of that area is reduced or the power supply is cut off, and an alarm is issued through the vibration motor. When the system detects that the same area has been submerged in water twice in a row, it locks the heating function of that area until the operator dries the wearer and performs a reset operation by pressing and holding the magnetic induction button. When any cell voltage exceeds the limit or temperature exceeds 85°C, the corresponding branch is cut off and the fault log is stored. When the operation is completed and the operator removes the protective suit, the system can no longer detect the presence of the battery pack in the battery compartment, automatically shuts down, and saves the day's work log to non-volatile memory.

9. The intelligent protective heating method for special operations in water-related and high-altitude cold regions according to claim 8, characterized in that: The leakage current self-test process specifically includes: after the system is powered on, a micro-current pulse is applied to the leakage current detection probe at a set interval, and the level recovery time of the probe pin is detected. If the recovery time detected multiple times in a row is shorter than the reference value under dry conditions, the area is determined to be in a water immersion state and recorded. If the self-test is determined to be water immersion failure more than three times in a row, all outputs are locked and the warning light is lit until the fault record is cleared by connecting an external device through a dedicated interface or manually reset by pressing and holding the magnetic induction button.

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