Optically triggered passive self-powered electroresponsive drug delivery system and method

Abstract

The application discloses a light-controlled triggered passive self-driven electric response drug delivery system and method, and belongs to the technical field of bioelectronic medicine, which comprises, from top to bottom, a light-transmitting packaging layer, a photosensitive control circuit layer, a chemical primary battery layer and an electric response drug-loaded gel layer; the photosensitive control circuit layer comprises a flexible insulating substrate, a photosensitive element, an electronic switch and an impedance element which are integrated on the flexible insulating substrate; the chemical primary battery layer comprises an anode, a cathode and an electrolyte; the electric response drug-loaded gel layer is used for contacting a wound or other biological tissue, adopts a polymer hydrogel matrix with electric response characteristics, and at least one kind of active pharmaceutical ingredient is loaded in the polymer hydrogel matrix; the application is powered by a light-triggered chemical primary battery, and an external power supply is not needed; the application can realize control of a drug release rate and meet the needs of chronic wound treatment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of bioelectronic medical technology, specifically to a light-triggered, self-driven, electrically responsive drug delivery system and method. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, clinical treatment options for chronic wounds mainly include debridement, decompression, anti-infection therapy, negative pressure wound therapy, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and skin grafting. However, these methods still have many limitations. For example, negative pressure wound therapy equipment is expensive and bulky, restricting patient mobility and increasing treatment costs; hyperbaric oxygen therapy is time-consuming and labor-intensive, with narrow indications, limiting its clinical application and resulting in poor patient compliance; skin grafting carries the risk of immune rejection and requires a high blood supply, leading to a high treatment failure rate and limited applicability. Therefore, developing portable and safe topical drug delivery patches has become an important research direction in the field of chronic wound treatment.

[0003] However, traditional drug delivery patches have the following problems: (1) Traditional drug delivery patches often rely on external batteries or bulky wireless power supply devices (such as Chinese invention patent CN118807084A), resulting in poor portability and limited use of the device in outdoor environments.

[0004] (2) Traditional drug delivery patches are mainly passive diffusion, making it difficult to precisely control the rate of drug release. For example, the literature “An integrated Mg battery-powered iontophoresis patch for efficient and controllable transdermal drug delivery”, although this scheme is free from external power source, cannot be started and stopped on demand. Drug release cannot be controlled by external signals, which may lead to continuous release even when not needed, resulting in waste or side effects.

[0005] (3) Traditional drug delivery patches have relatively simple functions and cannot meet the multiple treatment needs of chronic wounds, such as anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, and promoting healing.

[0006] (4) Traditional drug delivery patches mostly serve only as static physical barriers, making it difficult to detect and actively reduce secondary damage to the wound caused by external environmental factors such as ultraviolet radiation.

[0007] Based on this, the present invention designs a light-controlled triggered self-driven electro-responsive drug delivery system and method to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To address the aforementioned shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a light-triggered, self-driven, electrically responsive drug delivery system and method. It is particularly suitable for scenarios such as chronic wound management, outdoor first aid, and sports rehabilitation.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A light-triggered, self-driven, electrically responsive drug delivery system, comprising, from top to bottom: A light-transmitting encapsulation layer, located on the top layer, allows light of a specific wavelength to pass through; A photosensitive control circuit layer is disposed below the light-transmitting encapsulation layer. The photosensitive control circuit layer includes a flexible insulating substrate and a photosensitive element, an electronic switch, and an impedance element integrated on the flexible insulating substrate. The photosensitive element, electronic switch, and impedance element are electrically connected through conductive paths arranged on the flexible insulating substrate. The electronic switch is electrically connected to the chemical galvanic cell layer. When the photosensitive element generates a photovoltage under specific light irradiation and the electronic switch reaches a preset conduction condition, the electronic switch is turned on. A chemical galvanic cell layer is disposed below and electrically connected to the photosensitive control circuit layer. The chemical galvanic cell layer includes an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte. The anode and cathode are connected to a current loop controlled by the photosensitive control circuit layer via an electronic switch. When the electronic switch is turned on, the current loop of the chemical galvanic cell layer is turned on, and the chemical galvanic cell layer undergoes an electrochemical reaction and outputs current. An electroresponsive drug-loaded gel layer is disposed below a chemical galvanic cell layer for contact with wounds or other biological tissues. It employs a polymeric hydrogel matrix with electroresponsive properties, and the polymeric hydrogel matrix is ​​loaded with at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient. When the chemical galvanic cell layer outputs current, an electric field is formed within the electroresponsive drug-loaded gel layer. The electroresponsive drug-loaded gel layer deforms and simultaneously forms an electroosmotic flow, promoting the release of the active pharmaceutical ingredient.

[0010] Furthermore, the overall thickness of the self-driven electrically responsive drug delivery system is less than 2 mm.

[0011] Furthermore, the light-transmitting encapsulation layer includes an upper light-transmitting waterproof substrate and a lower adhesive layer.

[0012] Furthermore, one end of the photosensitive element is electrically connected to one end of the impedance element and the gate of the electronic switch; the other end of the photosensitive element is electrically connected to the other end of the impedance element and the source of the electronic switch, so that the ultraviolet photodiode and the impedance element are connected in parallel between the gate and the source of the electronic switch; the drain of the electronic switch is electrically connected to the positive electrode of the chemical galvanic cell, and the source of the electronic switch is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the chemical galvanic cell.

[0013] Furthermore, the photosensitive element is an ultraviolet photodiode, a visible light photodiode, or a near-infrared photodiode; the impedance element is a resistor; and the electronic switch is an electrically controlled semiconductor switching device, including but not limited to a MOSFET.

[0014] Furthermore, the chemical galvanic cell layer includes an anode, a cathode, an electrolyte, and a flexible insulating structure for maintaining the relative positions of the anode and cathode; flexible wires are led out from the anode and cathode respectively, the anode is connected to the source of the electronic switch through the flexible wire to form the negative electrode lead-out of the chemical galvanic cell; the cathode is connected to the drain of the electronic switch through the flexible wire to form the positive electrode lead-out of the chemical galvanic cell.

[0015] Furthermore, the anode is a reactive metal electrode, wherein the reactive metal includes at least one of magnesium, zinc, aluminum or iron.

[0016] Furthermore, the cathode is made of a conductive material with an electrode potential higher than that of the anode, and the conductive material includes iron, platinum, stainless steel, carbon materials, or combinations thereof.

[0017] Furthermore, the polymeric hydrogel matrix is ​​a hydrogel matrix containing charged groups or sensitive to an electric field, selected from one or more of polymethacrylic acid hydrogels, chitosan-based hydrogels, or sodium alginate-based hydrogels.

[0018] To better achieve the objectives of this invention, this invention also provides a light-triggered, self-driven, electrically responsive drug delivery method, utilizing the aforementioned self-driven, electrically responsive drug delivery system, comprising: In standby mode, the drug within the electrically responsive drug-loaded gel layer is released via passive diffusion. When triggered by specific light irradiation, the photosensitive element generates a photovoltage. After the electronic switch reaches the preset conduction condition, the electronic switch conducts, the current loop of the chemical galvanic cell layer is opened, the chemical galvanic cell layer undergoes an electrochemical reaction and outputs current. The current output by the chemical galvanic cell layer forms an electric field in the electroresponsive drug-loaded gel layer, the polymer hydrogel matrix deforms and forms an electroosmotic flow, and the drug is released into the wound. At the same time, ions generated during the oxidation reaction at the anode migrate to the wound area. After the light is removed, the photovoltage of the photosensitive element disappears, the electronic switch is turned off, the current loop of the chemical galvanic cell layer is open, the chemical galvanic cell layer has no current output, and the drug in the drug-loaded gel layer is released again by passive diffusion.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. This invention utilizes the chemical energy of the chemical galvanic cell layer to convert into electrical energy, completely eliminating the dependence on secondary batteries or external power sources, significantly reducing the system size and weight, and improving the portability and outdoor applicability of the device.

[0020] 2. This invention can use specific light as an external trigger signal, enabling the drug delivery process to be activated on demand. By adjusting the light intensity or duration, the current output can be quantitatively controlled, thereby controlling the drug release rate and avoiding ineffective or excessive drug release.

[0021] 3. When there is no light, the electronic switch is turned off, the current circuit of the chemical galvanic cell layer is open, the galvanic cell reaction is suppressed, the self-corrosion rate remains at a low level, and the system can be stored for a long time.

[0022] 4. The current generated by the chemical galvanic cell layer serves two purposes: firstly, it acts as the electrical driving force for subsequent drug release, thereby exerting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects; secondly, it also serves as an electrical stimulation signal for wound treatment, possessing biological effects such as promoting cell migration and accelerating tissue repair; and thirdly, magnesium ions (Mg... 2+ It has the effects of promoting angiogenesis, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects; through the synergistic treatment of the three, it can accelerate the healing of chronic wounds from multiple dimensions.

[0023] 5. The present invention has excellent biocompatibility: for example, magnesium is a biomedical metal, curcumin and other natural drugs have good biological safety, and hydrogel has good biocompatibility.

[0024] 6. This invention can actively sense harmful external stimuli (such as ultraviolet light) and simultaneously activate protection and treatment mechanisms, solving the shortcomings of traditional dressings that passively defend and cannot cope with exogenous damage, and adapting to complex and ever-changing application environments.

[0025] 7. The present invention has an overall thickness of less than 2 mm, making it lightweight and portable. It also has excellent skin adhesion and mechanical flexibility, which can meet the application needs of active parts such as joints, and provides a high level of treatment comfort. Attached Figure Description

[0026] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative effort.

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a light-triggered, self-driven, electrically responsive drug delivery system according to the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the photosensitive control circuit layer of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the principle of the chemical galvanic cell layer of the present invention; Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the electroresponsive drug release mechanism of the electroresponsive drug-loaded gel layer of the present invention; Figure 5 The cumulative drug release curve of the electrically responsive drug-loaded gel layer under alternating 10 min of energization and 10 min of de-energization conditions is shown. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the usage state of a self-driven, electrically responsive drug delivery system. Detailed Implementation

[0028] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] Example 1: Please refer to the accompanying drawings in the instruction manual. Figure 1 A light-triggered, self-driven, electrically responsive drug delivery system comprises a four-layer flexible stacked structure arranged from top to bottom: A light-transmitting encapsulation layer 1 is disposed on the top layer, which allows light of a specific wavelength to pass through and encapsulates and protects the photosensitive control circuit layer 2 and the chemical cell layer 3 below it. A photosensitive control circuit layer 2 is disposed below the light-transmitting encapsulation layer 1. The photosensitive control circuit layer 2 includes a flexible insulating substrate and a photosensitive element, an electronic switch, and an impedance element integrated on the flexible insulating substrate. The photosensitive element, electronic switch, and impedance element are electrically connected through conductive paths arranged on the flexible insulating substrate. The electronic switch is electrically connected to the chemical galvanic cell layer 3. When the photosensitive element generates a photovoltage under specific light irradiation and the electronic switch reaches a preset conduction condition, the electronic switch is turned on. The chemical cell layer 3 is disposed below the photosensitive control circuit layer 2 and electrically connected to the photosensitive control circuit layer 2. The chemical cell layer 3 includes an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte. The anode and cathode are connected to the current loop controlled by the photosensitive control circuit layer 2 through an electronic switch. When the electronic switch is turned on, the current loop of the chemical cell layer 3 is turned on, and the chemical cell layer 3 undergoes an electrochemical reaction and outputs current. An electroresponsive drug-loaded gel layer 4, disposed below the chemical galvanic cell layer 3, is used to contact wounds or other biological tissues. It employs a polymeric hydrogel matrix with electroresponsive properties, and the polymeric hydrogel matrix is ​​loaded with at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient. When the chemical galvanic cell layer 3 outputs current, an electric field is formed within the electroresponsive drug-loaded gel layer 4, causing the mobile ions within the electroresponsive drug-loaded gel layer 4 to redistribute, resulting in gel deformation (e.g., electroinduced shrinkage). Simultaneously, the directional migration of mobile counterions drives the flow of liquid within the pores, forming an electroosmotic flow, which promotes the release of the active pharmaceutical ingredient. When the chemical galvanic cell layer 3 stops outputting current, the drug release rate rapidly decreases to near zero.

[0030] The above-mentioned four-layer flexible laminated structure can be composited using adhesives (such as medical-grade silicone adhesives) or ultrasonic welding to achieve a tight fit. The overall thickness of the system is less than 2 mm (preferably 0.8-1.2 mm), and it has good skin adhesion and mechanical flexibility.

[0031] The above-mentioned four-layer flexible laminated structure can be composited using adhesives (such as medical-grade silicone adhesives) or ultrasonic welding to achieve a tight fit. The overall thickness of the system is less than 2 mm (transparent encapsulation layer 1: thickness 100±20 μm; photosensitive control circuit layer 2: thickness 500±50 μm; chemical galvanic cell layer 3: thickness 100±20 μm; electroresponsive drug-loaded gel layer 4: thickness 300-1000 μm, preferably 1-1.5 mm), which has good skin adhesion and mechanical flexibility.

[0032] Example 2: Based on Example 1, the light-transmitting encapsulation layer 1 includes an upper light-transmitting waterproof substrate (thickness 100±20 μm) and a lower adhesive layer. The light-transmitting waterproof substrate is used for waterproofing and light transmission, and the adhesive layer is used to provide skin adhesion. The light-transmitting and waterproof substrate uses a light-transmitting polymer film, including but not limited to polylactic acid film, polycarbonate film, PET film or PCL film; the light-transmitting and waterproof substrate can form a high light transmittance to specific wavelengths of light (such as 365 nm ultraviolet light).

[0033] The adhesive layer uses a biocompatible medical adhesive material, including but not limited to acrylate pressure-sensitive adhesive or silicone gel.

[0034] Example 3: Please refer to the accompanying drawings in the instruction manual. Figure 2Based on Embodiment 1, in the photosensitive control circuit layer 2, one end of the photosensitive element is electrically connected to one end of the impedance element and the gate G of the electronic switch; the other end of the photosensitive element is electrically connected to the other end of the impedance element and the source S of the electronic switch, so that the ultraviolet photodiode and the impedance element are connected in parallel between the gate G and the source S of the electronic switch. The drain D of the electronic switch is electrically connected to the positive electrode P of the chemical galvanic cell, and the source S of the electronic switch is electrically connected to the negative electrode N of the chemical galvanic cell.

[0035] The photosensitive element is selected to be sensitive to light signals within a specific wavelength range and capable of generating a trigger voltage, ensuring that its output voltage under target illumination conditions reaches or exceeds the on-threshold of the electronic switch. The electronic switch is a controlled switching device with a low threshold voltage. The output terminal of the photosensitive element is connected to the control terminal of the electronic switch, so that the photoelectric signal generated by the photosensitive element can directly control the conduction state of the electronic switch, thereby forming a light-controlled triggering structure.

[0036] Furthermore, the photosensitive element is an ultraviolet photodiode, a visible light photodiode, or a near-infrared photodiode; the impedance element is a resistor R1, which can be implemented by a fixed resistor, an adjustable resistor, or an equivalent impedance element, and its resistance range can be optimized according to the output characteristics of the photodiode and the threshold voltage of the MOSFET; the electronic switch is an electrically controlled semiconductor switching device, including but not limited to a MOSFET.

[0037] This embodiment takes an ultraviolet photodiode as an example. The ultraviolet photodiode generates a photovoltage under ultraviolet light irradiation. This photovoltage is directly applied between the gate G and source S of the MOSFET, serving as the gate drive power supply for the MOSFET. When the photovoltage causes the gate-source voltage of the MOSFET to reach the preset conduction condition, the MOSFET enters the conduction state, thereby connecting the external circuit between the positive electrode P and the negative electrode N of the chemical galvanic cell.

[0038] Example 4: Please refer to the accompanying drawings in the instruction manual. Figure 3 Based on Embodiment 2, the chemical galvanic cell layer 3 includes an anode, a cathode, an electrolyte, and a flexible insulating structure for maintaining the relative positions of the anode and cathode. The anode and cathode are fixed to the flexible insulating structure at a predetermined distance, and flexible wires are led out from the anode and cathode respectively. The anode is connected to the source terminal S of the electronic switch through the flexible wire to form the negative terminal N of the chemical galvanic cell; the cathode is connected to the drain terminal D of the electronic switch through the flexible wire to form the positive terminal P of the chemical galvanic cell. This allows the chemical galvanic cell layer 3 to be connected to a current loop controlled by the photosensitive control circuit layer 2, thus enabling the chemical galvanic cell layer 3 to be controlled by the photosensitive control circuit layer 2.

[0039] The anode is an active metal electrode, which includes at least one of magnesium, zinc, aluminum or iron. Preferably, the anode is a magnesium electrode without a protective coating on its surface.

[0040] The cathode is made of a conductive material whose electrode potential is higher than that of the anode in the working environment and which can carry the cathode reduction reaction. The conductive material includes iron, platinum, stainless steel, carbon materials or combinations thereof. When the anode is magnesium or a metal with an electrode potential lower than that of zinc, the cathode may also be zinc.

[0041] The electrolyte liquid can be a pre-stored or carried electrolyte solution, or it can be an ion-containing liquid from the external environment, such as wound exudate, tissue fluid, or sweat.

[0042] When the photosensitive control circuit layer 2 receives the target light signal and activates the electronic switch, the current loop of the chemical galvanic cell layer 3 is activated. Simultaneously, the electrolyte liquid located in the electrolyte activation region forms ion contact with the anode and cathode, providing ion conduction pathways for the anodic oxidation reaction and the cathodic reduction reaction. This switches the chemical galvanic cell layer 3 from an inactive state to a discharge state. The chemical galvanic cell layer 3 generates current through a redox reaction. Taking a magnesium electrode as an example, magnesium undergoes oxidation at the anode, generating magnesium ions and releasing electrons. At the cathode, when the electrolyte environment is dominated by water reduction, hydrogen gas and hydroxide ions are generated. The overall reaction can be expressed as: Mg + 2H₂O → Mg(OH)₂ + H₂↑ The aforementioned redox reaction generates a relatively stable microcurrent, which serves as both an electrical driving force for subsequent drug release and an electrical stimulation signal for wound treatment (achieving direct current stimulation of wound tissue through the electroresponsive drug-loaded gel layer 4), thus exhibiting biological effects such as promoting cell migration and accelerating tissue repair.

[0043] Mg is generated during the oxidation reaction of magnesium anode 2+ It can penetrate the electrolyte liquid and / or the electroresponsive drug-loaded gel layer 4, and diffuse and / or migrate to the wound area under the influence of concentration gradient, electric field, and liquid permeation. This facilitates the exertion of angiogenesis-promoting, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory effects.

[0044] Example 5: Please refer to the accompanying drawings in the instruction manual. Figure 4 Based on Example 1, in the electroresponsive drug-loaded gel layer 4, the polymeric hydrogel matrix is ​​a hydrogel matrix containing charged groups or sensitive to an electric field, selected from one or more of polymethacrylic acid hydrogels, chitosan-based hydrogels, or sodium alginate-based hydrogels. The active pharmaceutical ingredient is selected from curcumin, resveratrol, growth factors, or antibiotics.

[0045] The polymer hydrogel matrix is ​​prepared using traditional methods. The active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) can be in-situ embedded in a precursor solution before gel crosslinking, or it can be loaded after gel formation and purification through impregnation adsorption, diffusion loading, ion complexation, chemical coupling, or nanocarrier embedding. For example, hydrogel monomers, crosslinking agents, initiators, and APIs (such as curcumin) are mixed uniformly in a solvent, and then crosslinked in-situ through polymerization reactions such as thermosetting, photosetting, or radiation curing. Finally, the product is purified.

[0046] Taking a polymer hydrogel matrix containing charged groups as an example, after a current is generated in the chemical galvanic cell layer 3, the output potential difference of the chemical galvanic cell layer 3 is applied to the electroresponsive drug-loaded gel layer 4 through the conductive structure, so that an electric field is formed in the electroresponsive drug-loaded gel layer 4, causing the mobile ions in the electroresponsive drug-loaded gel layer 4 to redistribute and cause gel deformation (e.g., electroinduced shrinkage). At the same time, the directional migration of mobile counterions drives the liquid flow in the pores, forming an electroosmotic flow. The release of active drug components is promoted through gel shrinkage, electroosmotic transport and concentration gradient diffusion.

[0047] Figure 5 It can be seen that during the energizing phase, the electric field induces changes in the gel network structure and promotes the release of the active drug components through electrophoresis, electroosmosis, and diffusion. During the de-energizing phase, the drug release rate decreases significantly, and the cumulative release rate tends to stabilize. After multiple energizing and de-energizing cycles, the curve shows a stepwise increase, indicating that the gel layer can achieve electrically triggered controllable release.

[0048] Example 6: This example provides a light-triggered, self-driven, electrically responsive drug delivery method, including: Standby state: No specific light irradiation → no photoelectric voltage generated by the photosensitive element → electronic switch disconnected → current loop of chemical galvanic cell layer 3 open → no current output of chemical galvanic cell layer 3 → drug in drug-loaded gel layer 4 is released very slowly by passive diffusion.

[0049] Triggering state: Specific light irradiation → photosensitive element generates photovoltage → electronic switch reaches preset conduction condition → electronic switch conducts → current loop of chemical cell layer 3 is connected → electrochemical reaction occurs in chemical cell layer 3 and outputs current.

[0050] Rapid drug release: The current output from the chemical galvanic cell layer 3 forms an electric field within the electroresponsive drug-loaded gel layer 4 → the polymer hydrogel matrix deforms (e.g., electroinduced shrinkage) and forms an electroosmotic flow → the drug is released into the wound; simultaneously, Mg is generated during the oxidation reaction of the magnesium anode. 2+ When it migrates to the wound area, it can help promote angiogenesis, and has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects.

[0051] Stop release: Remove light → the photogenerated voltage of the photosensitive element disappears → the electronic switch is turned off → the current loop of the chemical galvanic cell layer 3 is open → there is no current output from the chemical galvanic cell layer 3 → the drug in the drug-loaded gel layer 4 is released again very slowly by passive diffusion.

[0052] like Figure 6 As shown, the mechanism by which the UV-driven, self-driven electroresponsive drug delivery system promotes wound healing is as follows: the drug delivery system patch exerts a therapeutic effect under UV light irradiation, reducing the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the expression of pro-inflammatory factor IL-6 in the wound, while upregulating the vascular endothelial marker CD31, promoting angiogenesis and tissue repair.

[0053] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions will not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A light-triggered, self-driven, electrically responsive drug delivery system, characterized in that, From top to bottom, including: A light-transmitting encapsulation layer, located on the top layer, allows light of a specific wavelength to pass through; A photosensitive control circuit layer is disposed below the light-transmitting encapsulation layer. The photosensitive control circuit layer includes a flexible insulating substrate and a photosensitive element, an electronic switch, and an impedance element integrated on the flexible insulating substrate. The photosensitive element, electronic switch, and impedance element are electrically connected through conductive paths arranged on the flexible insulating substrate. The electronic switch is electrically connected to the chemical galvanic cell layer. When the photosensitive element generates a photovoltage under specific light irradiation and the electronic switch reaches a preset conduction condition, the electronic switch is turned on. A chemical galvanic cell layer is disposed below and electrically connected to the photosensitive control circuit layer. The chemical galvanic cell layer includes an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte. The anode and cathode are connected to a current loop controlled by the photosensitive control circuit layer via an electronic switch. When the electronic switch is turned on, the current loop of the chemical galvanic cell layer is turned on, and the chemical galvanic cell layer undergoes an electrochemical reaction and outputs current. An electroresponsive drug-loaded gel layer is disposed below a chemical galvanic cell layer for contact with wounds or other biological tissues. It employs a polymeric hydrogel matrix with electroresponsive properties, and the polymeric hydrogel matrix is ​​loaded with at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient. When the chemical galvanic cell layer outputs current, an electric field is formed within the electroresponsive drug-loaded gel layer. The electroresponsive drug-loaded gel layer deforms and simultaneously forms an electroosmotic flow, promoting the release of the active pharmaceutical ingredient.

2. The photo-triggered, self-driven, electrically responsive drug delivery system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The overall thickness of the self-driven electro-responsive drug delivery system is less than 2 mm.

3. The photo-triggered, self-driven, electrically responsive drug delivery system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The light-transmitting encapsulation layer includes an upper light-transmitting waterproof substrate and a lower adhesive layer.

4. The photo-triggered, self-driven, electrically responsive drug delivery system according to claim 1, characterized in that, One end of the photosensitive element is electrically connected to one end of the impedance element and the gate of the electronic switch; the other end of the photosensitive element is electrically connected to the other end of the impedance element and the source of the electronic switch, so that the ultraviolet photodiode and the impedance element are connected in parallel between the gate and the source of the electronic switch; the drain of the electronic switch is electrically connected to the positive electrode of the chemical galvanic cell, and the source of the electronic switch is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the chemical galvanic cell.

5. The photo-triggered, self-driven, electrically responsive drug delivery system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The photosensitive element is an ultraviolet photodiode, a visible light photodiode, or a near-infrared photodiode; the impedance element is a resistor; and the electronic switch is an electrically controlled semiconductor switching device, including but not limited to a MOSFET.

6. The photo-triggered, self-driven, electrically responsive drug delivery system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The chemical galvanic cell layer includes an anode, a cathode, an electrolyte, and a flexible insulating structure for maintaining the relative positions of the anode and cathode. Flexible wires are led out from the anode and cathode respectively. The anode is connected to the source of the electronic switch through the flexible wire to form the negative terminal of the chemical galvanic cell. The cathode is connected to the drain of the electronic switch through the flexible wire to form the positive terminal of the chemical galvanic cell.

7. The photo-triggered, self-driven, electrically responsive drug delivery system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The anode is an active metal electrode, and the active metal includes at least one of magnesium, zinc, aluminum or iron.

8. The photo-triggered, self-driven, electrically responsive drug delivery system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The cathode is made of a conductive material with an electrode potential higher than that of the anode, and the conductive material includes iron, platinum, stainless steel, carbon materials, or combinations thereof.

9. The photo-triggered, self-driven, electrically responsive drug delivery system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The polymeric hydrogel matrix is ​​a hydrogel matrix containing charged groups or sensitive to an electric field, selected from one or more of polymethacrylic acid hydrogels, chitosan-based hydrogels, or sodium alginate-based hydrogels.

10. A light-triggered, self-driven, electrically responsive drug delivery method, utilizing the self-driven, electrically responsive drug delivery system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, include: In standby mode, the drug within the electrically responsive drug-loaded gel layer is released via passive diffusion. When triggered by specific light irradiation, the photosensitive element generates a photovoltage. After the electronic switch reaches the preset conduction condition, the electronic switch conducts, the current loop of the chemical galvanic cell layer is opened, the chemical galvanic cell layer undergoes an electrochemical reaction and outputs current. The current output by the chemical galvanic cell layer forms an electric field in the electroresponsive drug-loaded gel layer, the polymer hydrogel matrix deforms and forms an electroosmotic flow, and the drug is released into the wound. At the same time, ions generated during the oxidation reaction at the anode migrate to the wound area. After the light is removed, the photovoltage of the photosensitive element disappears, the electronic switch is turned off, the current loop of the chemical galvanic cell layer is open, the chemical galvanic cell layer has no current output, and the drug in the drug-loaded gel layer is released again by passive diffusion.

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