A refining filter device

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of oil processing, in particular to a refining filter device, which comprises a filter tank, a filter mechanism and a locking mechanism, the filter tank comprises a tank body and an end cover, a horizontal branch pipe is fixedly connected to the upper right side of the tank body, a sleeve is flange-connected to the outer end of the horizontal branch pipe, a moving rod is slidably connected in the sleeve, the left end of the moving rod penetrates the sleeve and the horizontal branch pipe in sequence and then extends into the tank body, a pneumatic vibrator is connected to the right end of the moving rod; an assembly seat is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the tank body, a pressing rod is movably connected in the assembly seat, one end of the pressing rod is connected with the end of the moving rod extending into the tank body, a plurality of interval sleeves are uniformly distributed on the pressing rod, and a set of filter mechanisms are arranged between the adjacent two interval sleeves; a central liquid collecting pipe is arranged at the lower part of the tank body. The refining filter device can rotate to make the pressing forces of all points of the end cover uniform and consistent, and can prevent the end cover from loosening by cooperating with the rigid plug-in lock, so that the stability during operation is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of oil processing technology, specifically a refining and filtration device. Background Technology

[0002] The existing leaf filter mainly consists of a sealed tank, end caps, and multiple parallel filter components installed inside the tank. The principle is as follows: the oil to be filtered enters the tank and passes through the precision composite filter screen on the outer layer of the filter mechanism under pressure. Solid impurities are trapped on the surface of the filter screen, while the clear liquid enters the cavity inside the filter mechanism and then collects in the central collection pipe for discharge, thus completing the oil filtration work.

[0003] Leaf-type filter devices still have the following shortcomings: 1. Regarding the locking and sealing of the end cap, traditional blade-type filter devices mostly adopt a locking method using multiple independent screws and clamping nuts arranged around the circumference of the tank. When locking, the operator needs to manually tighten each clamping point in turn. This is not only labor-intensive and time-consuming, but more importantly, manual operation makes it difficult to accurately control the locking force at each point, resulting in uneven distribution of the circumferential clamping force of the end cap. This can easily lead to local sealing failure and cause high-pressure oil leakage inside the tank. 2. Structures that rely solely on the friction of the threads to prevent loosening pose a safety hazard if the clamping mechanism loosens unexpectedly or the locking function fails when the equipment vibrates or when there are pressure fluctuations inside the tank. 3. Traditional filtration mechanisms have a simple internal structure, often employing a single-layer hollow structure. After the clear liquid enters the internal cavity of the filtration mechanism, it can freely flow directly to the outlet along the shortest path, resulting in severe short-flow phenomenon. This makes it difficult to effectively utilize the filter surface area above the filtration mechanism that is far from the outlet, leading to slow overall filtration efficiency and uneven distribution of the filter cake on the filter surface. Some improvement solutions involve welding flow-blocking plates inside the filtration mechanism to mitigate the short-flow phenomenon. However, when facing different filtration requirements, the flow-blocking plates welded inside the filtration mechanism cannot be quickly replaced with flow-guiding structures to adjust the flow channel according to the actual situation, resulting in poor equipment process adaptability and high changeover costs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a refining filtration device that can make the clamping force at each point of the end cap uniform by rotation. Combined with a rigid locking mechanism, it can prevent accidental loosening after the end cap is installed in place. At the same time, the use of a detachable insert plate can minimize the occurrence of short flow in the internal cavity of the filtration mechanism and facilitate the quick change of the filtration mechanism.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A refining filtration device includes a filter tank, a filtration mechanism, and a locking mechanism; The filter tank is a vertical cylindrical pressure vessel, comprising a tank body and end caps. A recovery pipe is installed at the bottom of the tank body. Evenly distributed lifting lugs are welded and fixed to the middle of the outer side of the tank body. A horizontal branch pipe is fixedly connected to the upper right side of the tank body. A sleeve is connected to the outer flange of the horizontal branch pipe. A moving rod is slidably connected inside the sleeve. The left end of the moving rod passes through the sleeve and the horizontal branch pipe in sequence and extends into the tank body. A sealing ring is installed between the outer circumference of the moving rod and the inner wall of the horizontal branch pipe. The sealing ring is located in a U-shaped groove on the inner wall of the horizontal branch pipe. The right end of the moving rod extends out of the sleeve and is fixedly connected to a connecting plate. The connecting plate is connected to an external gas supply. A vibrator is included; the inner wall of the tank is fixedly connected to an assembly base, and a pressure rod is movably connected within the assembly base. One end of the pressure rod is connected to the end of a moving rod that extends into the tank. Multiple spacer sleeves are evenly distributed on the pressure rod, and a set of filtering mechanisms is arranged between two adjacent spacer sleeves. A central liquid collection pipe is provided at the lower part of the tank, with one end of the central liquid collection pipe extending through the tank. Evenly distributed insertion holes are opened at the part of the central liquid collection pipe located inside the tank. A slag discharge port is opened at the bottom end of the tank, and a butterfly valve is provided at the lower end of the slag discharge port. A feed pipe and an air inlet pipe are provided at the upper part of the tank. A pressure sensor and a pressure relief valve are provided at the upper end of the end cap. The filtration mechanism consists of multiple sets installed inside the tank. The locking mechanism is used to securely connect the tank body and the end cap.

[0006] Furthermore, the inner wall of the sleeve is provided with axially extending guide protrusions at the four corners, and the outer side of the moving rod is provided with guide grooves that are adapted to the guide protrusions. After the guide protrusions and guide grooves cooperate with each other, the moving rod is limited in the radial direction.

[0007] Furthermore, the filtration mechanism includes a filter frame, multiple horizontally arranged guide plates located within the filter frame, and a composite filter screen covering both sides of the guide plates. The filter frame is located between the pressure rod and the central liquid collection pipe. The upper end of the filter frame is provided with a U-shaped groove that engages with the pressure rod. The lower end of the filter frame is provided with an insertion tube that matches the insertion hole on the central liquid collection pipe. An oil-resistant sealing ring is provided between the insertion tube and the insertion hole, and the oil-resistant sealing ring is installed in a groove on the inner wall of the insertion hole.

[0008] Furthermore, multiple guide vanes are arranged at equal intervals, and each guide vane has a guide opening, with the guide openings between two adjacent guide vanes being staggered.

[0009] Furthermore, the composite filter screen is composed of multiple layers of stainless steel composite screen and filter cloth.

[0010] Furthermore, the guide plate is detachably mounted on the filter frame. Multiple flat holes, matching the guide plate, are equally spaced along the vertical direction on both sides of the filter frame. A through hole extending vertically is provided on the right side of the filter frame. An external threaded boss is fixedly connected to the upper right end of the filter frame. The external threaded boss is located around the through hole. The through hole includes a round hole at the top, a hexagonal hole at the bottom, and a threaded hole at the bottom. A rod is inserted into the through hole. The lower end of the rod is hexagonal prism-shaped. A limiting plate is provided at the left end of the guide plate, and a positioning hole is provided at the right end. The rod passes through multiple positioning holes of the guide plate sequentially from top to bottom. A knob is rotatably connected to the upper end of the rod, and the upper end of the rod is rotatably connected to the inner top of the knob. The inner diameter of the knob is larger than the inner diameter of the rod. An internal thread matching the external threaded boss is provided on the inner wall of the knob. A plug is internally threaded into the threaded hole at the bottom of the through hole.

[0011] Furthermore, the locking mechanism includes an upper limit plate, a lower limit plate, and a deflection ring. Multiple upper limit plates are evenly distributed on the lower end of the outer surface of the end cap, and multiple lower limit plates are evenly distributed on the upper end of the outer surface of the tank. Both the upper and lower limit plates are wedge-shaped structures, and their thickness gradually decreases in the clockwise direction. The upper end face of the lower limit plate has an upper folded edge, which provides lateral restraint for the upper limit plate when it rotates counterclockwise. The deflection ring is sleeved on the outer side of the connection between the tank and the end cap. Multiple locking blocks are evenly arranged circumferentially on the inner wall of the deflection ring. A locking groove is provided on one side of each locking block, and the depth of the locking groove gradually decreases in the clockwise direction. When the deflection ring is rotated, the upper and lower limit plates enter the same locking groove, and the tank, end cap, and deflection ring are connected as a whole.

[0012] Furthermore, the locking mechanism also includes locking components, the number of which is the same as the number of upper and lower limit plates. Each locking component includes a fixed plate, a limiting post, and a limiting hole. Two perforated bosses are provided on the outer side of the fixed plate, arranged vertically. A limiting post is slidably connected to both perforated bosses. The upper end of the limiting post is fixedly connected to a limiting part, and the lower end is fixedly connected to a ball head. The limiting hole is opened on the upper and lower limit plates. The limiting part passes through the two limiting holes of the upper and lower limit plates after they are fitted together. A return spring is provided between the middle of the limiting post and the upper perforated boss. The return spring is sleeved on the outside of the limiting post and provides a downward thrust to the limiting post.

[0013] Furthermore, the locking assembly also includes a slewing bearing. The inner ring of the slewing bearing is fixedly connected to the outside of the tank body, and the outer ring of the slewing bearing is rotatably connected to the inner ring. A plurality of pressing blocks are fixedly connected to the upper end face of the outer ring of the slewing bearing. The upper end face of the pressing block is in contact with the lower end of the locking block. The inner wall of the pressing block is provided with a pressing groove. The pressing groove includes an inclined part and a straight part arranged in a clockwise direction. The pressing groove is located below the ball head. When the outer ring of the slewing bearing is rotated counterclockwise, the ball head is always in sliding contact with the inclined part under the action of the return spring. The limiting part gradually moves upward. During this process, the return spring is compressed. When the ball head slides to the straight part, the limiting part passes into the limiting holes of the upper and lower limiting plates.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. The refining and filtering device disclosed in this invention uses a deflection ring to drive the locking groove to synchronously squeeze the corresponding upper and lower limit plates, thereby achieving uniform and consistent clamping force at all points around the end cap. This avoids the problem of uneven force on the end cap caused by manual tightening, which leads to local sealing failure. At the same time, the limit post will also be inserted into the limit hole synchronously with the rotation of the deflection ring, forming a rigid anti-loosening lock. During the oil refining process, this prevents the end cap from accidentally loosening radially due to equipment vibration or pressure fluctuations in the tank, which could lead to sealing failure.

[0015] 2. The refining filtration device disclosed in this invention, by inserting a detachable insert plate into the filter frame and opening staggered guide ports on the insert plate, forces the clear liquid to flow along a zigzag path in the inner cavity of the filtration mechanism, which can eliminate short-flow phenomenon to the greatest extent, make the entire filter surface uniformly output liquid, and improve the filtration efficiency of oil. At the same time, the insert plate is fixed by the insert rod and the knob, which can be quickly disassembled and replaced. Different flow channel specifications of insert plates can be replaced according to different filtration conditions. In the refining process, it has strong process adaptability and low changeover cost. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a refining and filtering device according to an embodiment; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the filter tank in the embodiment; Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of section A (labeled A); Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the filter mechanism in the embodiment; Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the filtration mechanism in the embodiment; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the upper and lower limit plates in an embodiment; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the extrusion block in an embodiment; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fixing plate and the limiting post in the embodiment; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the locking block in an embodiment.

[0017] In the diagram: 101-Tank body, 102-End cover, 103-Recovery pipe, 104-Lifting lug, 105-Horizontal branch pipe, 106-Sleeve, 107-Moving rod, 108-Assembly seat, 109-Pressure rod, 110-Spacer sleeve, 111-Central liquid collection pipe, 112-Slag discharge port, 113-Butterfly valve, 114-Feed pipe, 115-Air inlet pipe, 116-Pressure sensor, 117-Pressure relief valve; 201-Filter frame, 202-Guide plate, 203-Composite filter screen, 204-U-shaped groove, 205-Insert tube, 206-Guide port, 207-Flat hole, 208-Through hole, 209-External thread boss, 210-Insert rod, 211-Limiting plate, 212-Positioning hole, 213-Knob, 214-Plug; 301-Upper limit plate, 302-Lower limit plate, 303-Deflection ring, 304-Upper folded edge, 305-Locking block, 306-Locking groove, 307-Fixing plate, 308-Limiting post, 309-Limiting hole, 310-Boss with hole, 311-Limiting part, 312-Spherical head, 313-Reset spring, 314-Slewing bearing, 315-Extrusion block, 316-Extrusion groove. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] Please see Figure 1-9 This embodiment provides a refining and filtering device, including a filter tank, a filtering mechanism and a locking mechanism.

[0020] The filter tank is a vertical cylindrical pressure vessel, comprising a tank body 101 and an end cap 102 located at the upper end of the tank body 101. A high-temperature resistant, food-grade fluororubber sealing ring is used between the tank body 101 and the end cap 102 to prevent oil leakage due to high-temperature deformation. The end cap 102 is driven to move up and down by an external hydraulic lifting device (not shown). A recovery pipe 103 is installed at the bottom of the tank body 101. Evenly distributed lifting lugs 104 are welded and fixed to the middle of the outer side of the tank body 101. The lifting lugs 104 are used as lifting points during assembly and for fastening the tank body 101 to the external support frame. Four threaded holes are pre-drilled at the upper end of the end cap 102 for connection to an external opening mechanism. The opening mechanism is a hydraulically driven opening fixture. A horizontal branch pipe 105 is fixedly connected to the upper right side of the tank body 101. A sleeve 106 is connected to the outer flange of the horizontal branch pipe 105. A moving rod 107 is slidably connected inside the sleeve 106. The left end of the moving rod 107 passes through the sleeve 106 and the horizontal branch pipe 105 and extends into the tank body 101. A sealing ring is provided between the outer circumference of the moving rod 107 and the inner wall of the horizontal branch pipe 105. The sealing ring is located in a U-shaped groove on the inner wall of the horizontal branch pipe 105. The right end of the moving rod 107 extends out of the sleeve 106 and is fixedly connected to a connecting plate. A pneumatic vibrator is connected to the outside of the connecting plate. The pneumatic vibrator uses compressed air to drive an internal piston to reciprocate at high speed inside the shell, generating mechanical vibration in a linear direction. The excitation force is transmitted to the filter mechanism inside the tank 101 via the moving rod 107, causing the filter mechanism to generate high-frequency micro-amplitude vibration, thereby achieving rapid peeling of the filter cake; the inner wall of the tank 101 is fixedly connected to the mounting base 108, and a pressure rod 109 is movably connected inside the mounting base 108. One end of the pressure rod 109 is connected to the end of the moving rod 107 that extends into the tank 101. Multiple spacer sleeves 110 are evenly distributed on the pressure rod 109, and a set of filter mechanisms is arranged between two adjacent spacer sleeves 110; a central liquid collecting pipe 111 is provided at the lower part of the tank 101. One end of the central liquid collecting pipe 111 extends out of the tank 101, and the part of the central liquid collecting pipe 111 located inside the tank 101 has evenly distributed insertion holes. A slag discharge port 112 is provided at the bottom end, and a butterfly valve 113 is provided at the lower end of the slag discharge port 112 to control the automatic opening and closing of the slag discharge port 112. A feed pipe 114 and an air inlet pipe 115 are provided at the upper part of the tank. The feed pipe 114 is connected to a feed pump, and the air inlet pipe 115 is connected to a high-pressure steam generator. The high-pressure steam generator provides high-pressure steam to the tank 101 to dry the filter cake between the filtration mechanisms. A pressure sensor 116 and a pressure relief valve 117 are provided at the upper end of the end cover 102. The pressure relief valve 117 is a pilot-operated safety pressure relief valve. Based on the detection value of the pressure sensor 116, it is used for overpressure protection of the tank 101 during normal operation and for auxiliary pressure relief and venting during the filter cake drying process. It is equipped with a manual pressure relief handle.

[0021] As a preferred embodiment, guide protrusions extending axially are provided at the four corners of the inner wall of the sleeve 106, and guide grooves that are compatible with the guide protrusions are provided on the outer side of the moving rod 107. After the guide protrusions and guide grooves cooperate with each other, the moving rod 107 is limited in the radial direction to prevent the moving rod 107 from rotating circumferentially.

[0022] The filtration mechanism consists of multiple sets installed inside the tank 101. The filtration mechanism includes a filter frame 201, multiple horizontally arranged guide plates 202 located inside the filter frame, and composite filter screens 203 covering both sides of the guide plates 202. The filter frame 201 is located between the pressure rod 109 and the central liquid collection pipe 111. The upper end of the filter frame 201 is provided with a U-shaped groove 204 that engages with the pressure rod 109. The lower end of the filter frame 201 is provided with an insertion tube 205 that matches the insertion hole on the central liquid collection pipe 111. An oil-resistant sealing ring is provided between the insertion tube 205 and the insertion hole. The oil-resistant sealing ring is installed in the groove on the inner wall of the insertion hole. Multiple guide plates 202 are arranged at equal intervals, and guide ports 206 are opened on the guide plates 202. The guide ports 206 between two adjacent guide plates 202 are staggered. Compared with the direct flow method in the prior art where the guide ports are aligned vertically, this increases the flow path of the oil and prevents the technical problem of oil accumulating in large quantities at the guide ports and not being able to be discharged in time. The composite filter screen 203 is composed of multiple layers of stainless steel composite screen and filter cloth.

[0023] As a preferred embodiment, the guide plate 202 is detachably mounted on the filter frame 201. Multiple flat holes 207, adapted to the guide plate 202, are equally spaced along the vertical direction on both sides of the filter frame 201. A through hole 208 extending vertically is provided on the right side of the filter frame 201. An external threaded boss 209 is fixedly connected to the upper right end of the filter frame 201. The external threaded boss 209 is located around the through hole 208. The through hole 208 includes a round hole at the top and a hexagonal hole at the bottom. The bottom part has a threaded hole, and a rod 210 is inserted into the through hole 208. The lower end of the rod 210 is hexagonal prism-shaped. The left end of the guide plate 202 is provided with a limiting plate 211 and the right end is provided with a positioning hole 212. When the guide plate 202 is inserted into the flat holes 207 on the left and right sides of the filter frame 201 from left to right, the positioning hole 212 is located in the through hole 208. The rod 210 passes through the positioning holes 212 of multiple guide plates 202 from top to bottom. The limiting plate 211 and the rod 210 provide left and right limits for the guide plate 202. The upper end of the insert rod 210 is rotatably connected to the knob 213. The upper end of the insert rod 210 is rotatably connected to the inner top of the knob 213. The inner diameter of the knob 213 is larger than the inner diameter of the insert rod 210. The inner wall of the knob 213 is provided with an internal thread that matches the external thread boss 209. The threaded hole at the bottom of the through hole 208 is internally threaded with a plug 214.

[0024] The locking mechanism includes an upper limit plate 301, a lower limit plate 302, and a deflection ring 303. Multiple upper limit plates 301 are evenly distributed on the lower end of the outer surface of the end cap 102, and multiple lower limit plates 302 are evenly distributed on the upper end of the outer surface of the tank body 101. Both the upper limit plate 301 and the lower limit plate 302 have a wedge-shaped structure. The thickness of the upper limit plate 301 and the lower limit plate 302 gradually decreases in the clockwise direction. The upper end face of the lower limit plate 302 is provided with an upper folded edge 304, which is used to lock the upper limit plate 301 at... When rotated counterclockwise, it provides lateral limiting. The deflection ring 303 is sleeved on the outside of the connection between the tank body 101 and the end cover 102. Multiple locking blocks 305 are evenly arranged circumferentially on the inner wall of the deflection ring 303. A locking groove 306 is provided on one side of the locking block 305. The depth of the locking groove 306 gradually decreases in the clockwise direction. When the deflection ring 303 is rotated, it cooperates with the upper limit plate 301 and the lower limit plate 302 to enter the same locking groove 306. The tank body 101, the end cover 102, and the deflection ring 303 are connected as a whole.

[0025] In this embodiment, the locking mechanism further includes locking components. The number of locking components is the same as the number of upper limit plates 301 and lower limit plates 302. The locking components include a fixing plate 307, a limiting post 308, and a limiting hole 309. Two perforated bosses 310 are provided on the outer side of the fixing plate 307. The two perforated bosses 310 are arranged vertically and are slidably connected to a limiting post 308. The upper end of the limiting post 308 is fixedly connected to a limiting part 311. The lower end is fixedly connected to the ball head 312. The limiting hole 309 is opened on the upper limiting plate 301 and the lower limiting plate 302. The limiting part 311 passes through the two limiting holes 309 of the upper limiting plate 301 and the lower limiting plate 302 after they are fitted together. The middle part of the limiting post 308 and the perforated boss 310 above it are both provided with a return spring 313. The return spring 313 is sleeved on the outside of the limiting post 308 and provides a downward thrust for the limiting post 308.

[0026] As a preferred embodiment, the locking assembly further includes a slewing bearing 314. The inner ring of the slewing bearing 314 is fixedly connected to the outside of the tank body 101, and the outer ring of the slewing bearing 314 is rotatably connected to the inner ring. A plurality of pressing blocks 315 are fixedly connected to the upper end face of the outer ring of the slewing bearing 314. The upper end face of the pressing block 315 is in contact with the lower end of the locking block 305. The inner wall of the pressing block 315 is provided with a pressing groove 316. The pressing groove 316 includes an inclined portion and a straight portion arranged in a clockwise direction. The pressing groove 316 is located below the ball head 312. When the outer ring of the slewing bearing 314 is rotated counterclockwise, the ball head 312 is always in sliding contact with the inclined portion under the action of the return spring 313. The limiting portion 311 gradually moves upward. During this process, the return spring 313 is compressed. When the ball head 312 slides to the straight portion, the limiting portion 311 passes into the limiting hole 309 of the upper limiting plate 301 and the lower limiting plate 302.

[0027] The refining and filtering device disclosed in this embodiment works on the following principle: Pre-assembly of the filter mechanism: Insert multiple guide plates 202 into the filter frame 201 along the flat holes 207. The two sides of the guide plates 202 are respectively attached to the inner walls of the composite filter screens 203 on both sides. Insert the insertion rods 210 into the through holes 208, so that the insertion rods 210 pass through the positioning holes 212 on the rear side of each guide plate 202 in sequence, so as to limit the guide plates 202. Then tighten the knob 213 to lock the insertion rods 210. Finally, screw the plug 214 into the lower end of the through hole 208 to block the through hole 208, thus completing the pre-assembly of the filter mechanism. Place the pre-installed filter mechanism into the tank 101, insert the lower end of the filter mechanism into the corresponding insertion hole at the upper end of the central collection tube 111, and then press the pressure rod 109 into the U-shaped groove 204 at the upper end of the filter mechanism, so that the left side of the outer surface of the pressure rod 109 is engaged with the inner wall of the mounting base 108, and the right side of the pressure rod 109 is engaged and fixed with the insertion hole at the left end of the moving rod 107. The spacer sleeves 110 evenly distributed on the surface of the pressure rod 109 evenly separate the filter mechanism.

[0028] End cap locking: The end cap 102 is moved to the upper end of the tank body 101 and then lowered by the external opening mechanism, so that the lower end of the end cap 102 is in contact with the upper end of the tank body 101. Each upper limit plate 301 is also aligned and in contact with the corresponding lower limit plate 302. The limiting holes 309 of the upper limit plate 301 and the lower limit plate 302 are aligned. The upper folded edge 304 provides positioning and limiting for the upper limit plate 301 and the lower limit plate 302. Then, the deflection ring 303 is rotated counterclockwise. The deflection ring 303 drives the locking block 305 to rotate. The locking groove 306 deflects counterclockwise accordingly. The locking groove 306 simultaneously squeezes the vertical The end cap 102 is axially pressed and sealed to the tank body 101 by the adjacent upper limit plate 301 and lower limit plate 302. The slewing bearing 314 is rotated counterclockwise, and the extrusion groove 316 on the inner side of the extrusion block 315 gradually pushes the ball head 312 upward, thereby driving the limiting post 308 to slide upward. The limiting part 311 at the upper end of the limiting post 308 gradually inserts into the limiting hole 309 of the upper limit plate 301 and the lower limit plate 302 to form a hard lock. The extrusion block 315 on the slewing bearing 314 contacts the locking block 305 on the inner side of the deflection ring 303, providing support for the deflection ring 303.

[0029] After rough processing, the oil-liquid mixture is pumped into the tank 101 through the feed pipe 114. Driven by the pressure of the feed pump, the oil in the mixture passes through the composite filter screen 203 and enters the inner cavity of the filtration mechanism. Guided by the staggered guide ports 206, it flows along a zigzag path to avoid short-circuiting, and finally collects at the central collection pipe 111 for discharge. Solid particles are trapped on the outer surface of the composite filter screen 203 and gradually form a filter cake. It should be noted that this device can be used in combination with multiple units, each using a filter screen with a different pore size to form multi-stage filtration.

[0030] After filtration, the feed is stopped, the valve on the air inlet pipe 115 is opened, and the external high-pressure steam generator operates, introducing high-pressure steam into the tank 101. The high-pressure steam continuously squeezes the filter cake, squeezing out the oil residue inside the filter cake. Part of the squeezed oil passes through the filtration mechanism and is collected at the central collection pipe 111 for discharge, while the other part flows down along the surface of the filtration mechanism and then collects at the lowest point of the tank 101, forming residual liquid. The residual liquid is discharged from the recovery pipe 103. At the same time, during the drying process, the pressure change can be monitored in real time by the pressure sensor 116, and the pressure relief valve 117 can be opened intermittently for auxiliary pressure relief and exhaust. After drying is completed, the valve on the air inlet pipe 115 is closed, and the pressure relief valve 117 is fully opened to release the pressure inside the tank 101. The external pneumatic vibrator installed at the right end of the moving rod 107 operates, generating a vibration force to shake the filter cake off the surface of the filtration mechanism. The butterfly valve 113 is opened, and the shaken filter cake is discharged from the tank 101 from the slag discharge port 112 under the action of gravity.

[0031] When the end cover 102 is opened, the slewing bearing 314 is rotated in the opposite direction, and the ball head 312 gradually moves out of the extrusion groove 316. Under the elastic force of the return spring 313, the limiting part 311 exits from the limiting hole 309. Then, the deflection ring 303 is rotated in the opposite direction, and the upper limiting piece 301 and the lower limiting piece 302 disengage from the locking groove 306. The upper limiting piece 301 and the lower limiting piece 302 lose their limiting effect, and the end cover 102 loses its limiting effect. The external opening mechanism is lifted and moved away.

[0032] The above are merely embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the content of the present invention specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A refining and filtering device, characterized in that: Includes a filter tank, a filter mechanism, and a locking mechanism; The filter tank is a vertical cylindrical pressure vessel, comprising a tank body and end caps. A recovery pipe is installed at the bottom of the tank body. Evenly distributed lifting lugs are welded and fixed to the middle of the outer side of the tank body. A horizontal branch pipe is fixedly connected to the upper right side of the tank body. A sleeve is connected to the outer flange of the horizontal branch pipe. A moving rod is slidably connected inside the sleeve. The left end of the moving rod passes through the sleeve and the horizontal branch pipe in sequence and extends into the tank body. A sealing ring is installed between the outer circumference of the moving rod and the inner wall of the horizontal branch pipe. The sealing ring is located in a U-shaped groove on the inner wall of the horizontal branch pipe. The right end of the moving rod extends out of the sleeve and is fixedly connected to a connecting plate. The connecting plate is connected to an external gas supply. A vibrator is included; the inner wall of the tank is fixedly connected to an assembly base, and a pressure rod is movably connected within the assembly base. One end of the pressure rod is connected to the end of a moving rod that extends into the tank. Multiple spacer sleeves are evenly distributed on the pressure rod, and a set of filtering mechanisms is arranged between two adjacent spacer sleeves. A central liquid collection pipe is provided at the lower part of the tank, with one end of the central liquid collection pipe extending through the tank. Evenly distributed insertion holes are opened at the part of the central liquid collection pipe located inside the tank. A slag discharge port is opened at the bottom end of the tank, and a butterfly valve is provided at the lower end of the slag discharge port. A feed pipe and an air inlet pipe are provided at the upper part of the tank. A pressure sensor and a pressure relief valve are provided at the upper end of the end cap. The filtration mechanism consists of multiple sets installed inside the tank. The locking mechanism is used to securely connect the tank body and the end cap.

2. The refining and filtering apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the sleeve has guide protrusions extending axially at the four corners, and the outer side of the moving rod is provided with guide grooves that are adapted to the guide protrusions. After the guide protrusions and guide grooves cooperate with each other, the moving rod is limited in the radial direction.

3. The refining and filtering apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filtration mechanism includes a filter frame, multiple horizontally arranged guide plates located inside the filter frame, and a composite filter screen covering both sides of the guide plates. The filter frame is located between the pressure rod and the central liquid collection pipe. The upper end of the filter frame is provided with a U-shaped groove that engages with the pressure rod. The lower end of the filter frame is provided with an insertion tube that matches the insertion hole on the central liquid collection pipe. An oil-resistant sealing ring is provided between the insertion tube and the insertion hole, and the oil-resistant sealing ring is installed in a groove on the inner wall of the insertion hole.

4. The refining and filtering apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that: Multiple guide vanes are arranged at equal intervals, and each guide vane has a guide opening. The guide openings between two adjacent guide vanes are staggered.

5. The refining and filtering apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that: The composite filter screen is composed of multiple layers of stainless steel composite screen and filter cloth.

6. The refining and filtering apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that: The guide plate is detachably mounted on the filter frame. Multiple flat holes, matching the guide plate, are evenly spaced along the vertical direction on both sides of the filter frame. A through hole extending vertically is provided on the right side of the filter frame. An external threaded boss is fixedly connected to the upper right side of the filter frame, located around the through hole. The through hole includes a round hole at the top, a hexagonal hole at the bottom, and a threaded hole at the bottom. A rod is inserted into the through hole, with its lower end being a hexagonal prism. A limiting plate is provided at the left end of the guide plate, and a positioning hole is provided at the right end. The rod passes through multiple positioning holes of the guide plate sequentially from top to bottom. A knob is rotatably connected to the upper end of the rod, and the upper end of the rod is rotatably connected to the inner top of the knob. The inner diameter of the knob is larger than the inner diameter of the rod. An internal thread matching the external threaded boss is provided on the inner wall of the knob. A plug is internally threaded into the threaded hole at the bottom of the through hole.

7. The refining and filtering apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The locking mechanism includes an upper limit plate, a lower limit plate, and a deflection ring. Multiple upper limit plates are evenly distributed on the lower end of the outer surface of the end cap, and multiple lower limit plates are evenly distributed on the upper end of the outer surface of the tank. Both the upper and lower limit plates are wedge-shaped, and their thickness gradually decreases clockwise. The upper end face of the lower limit plate has an upper folded edge, which provides lateral restraint for the upper limit plate when it rotates counterclockwise. The deflection ring is sleeved on the outer side of the connection between the tank and the end cap. Multiple locking blocks are evenly arranged circumferentially on the inner wall of the deflection ring. A locking groove is provided on one side of each locking block, and the depth of the locking groove gradually decreases clockwise. When the deflection ring is rotated, the upper and lower limit plates enter the same locking groove, and the tank, end cap, and deflection ring are connected as a whole.

8. The refining and filtering apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that: The locking mechanism further includes locking components, the number of which is the same as the number of upper and lower limit plates. Each locking component includes a fixed plate, a limiting post, and a limiting hole. Two perforated bosses are provided on the outer side of the fixed plate, arranged vertically. A limiting post is slidably connected to both perforated bosses. The upper end of the limiting post is fixedly connected to a limiting part, and the lower end is fixedly connected to a ball head. The limiting hole is opened on the upper and lower limit plates. The limiting part passes through the two limiting holes of the upper and lower limit plates after they are fitted together. A return spring is provided between the middle of the limiting post and the upper perforated boss. The return spring is sleeved on the outside of the limiting post and provides a downward thrust to the limiting post.

9. The refining and filtering apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that: The locking assembly also includes a slewing bearing. The inner ring of the slewing bearing is fixedly connected to the outside of the tank body, and the outer ring of the slewing bearing is rotatably connected to the inner ring. A plurality of pressing blocks are fixedly connected to the upper end face of the outer ring of the slewing bearing. The upper end face of the pressing block is in contact with the lower end of the locking block. The inner wall of the pressing block is provided with a pressing groove. The pressing groove includes an inclined part and a straight part arranged in a clockwise direction. The pressing groove is located below the ball head. When the outer ring of the slewing bearing is rotated counterclockwise, the ball head is always in sliding contact with the inclined part under the action of the return spring. The limiting part gradually moves upward. During this process, the return spring is compressed. When the ball head slides to the straight part, the limiting part passes into the limiting holes of the upper and lower limiting plates.

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