A hot extrusion method for non-ferrous materials

Abstract

The application discloses a hot extrusion processing method for non-ferrous metal materials, and relates to the field.The method comprises the following components: S1, blank preparation, S2, die and loading system setting, S3, heating treatment, S4, multi-directional extrusion, and S5, cooling and subsequent treatment; the application precisely controls the multi-directional extrusion die and the loading system, applies pressure to the blank from multiple directions, and combines a strain control mode to monitor and adjust the strain condition in the extrusion process, so that the metal generates complex plastic deformation in the extrusion cavity, further promotes grain refinement, and significantly improves the mechanical properties and microstructure uniformity of the product, which is particularly important for non-ferrous metal products with specific performance requirements such as high strength, high hardness or good electrical conductivity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of non-ferrous metal material processing technology, specifically to a hot extrusion processing method for non-ferrous metal materials. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of modern industrial technology, non-ferrous metal materials have been widely used in many fields such as aerospace, automobile manufacturing, and electronic information due to their unique physical and chemical properties. However, during the processing of non-ferrous metal materials, especially during hot extrusion, they often face problems such as unstable product performance and poor microstructure uniformity. These problems seriously restrict the high performance and widespread application of non-ferrous metal material products.

[0003] In traditional hot extrusion processing technology for non-ferrous metal materials, unidirectional or simple bidirectional extrusion methods are usually adopted. This method makes it difficult to apply uniform and controllable pressure to the billet from multiple directions, resulting in insufficiently complex plastic deformation of the metal during extrusion and limited grain refinement effect. This, in turn, affects the mechanical properties and microstructure uniformity of the product. In addition, traditional technology also has many shortcomings in heat treatment, mold design, and loading system control, such as uneven heating, rapid mold wear, and low loading accuracy. These problems all increase the defect rate of the product, reduce production efficiency, and increase production costs.

[0004] In summary, traditional hot extrusion processing technology for non-ferrous metal materials has significant shortcomings in improving product performance and microstructure uniformity, making it difficult to meet the demands of modern industry for high-performance non-ferrous metal products. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop a hot extrusion processing method for non-ferrous metal materials. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies and provide a hot extrusion processing method for non-ferrous metal materials. This method can monitor and adjust the extrusion process in real time by precisely controlling the multi-directional extrusion die and loading system, combined with strain control. It effectively solves the problems of insufficient extrusion, inaccurate temperature control, and lack of strain monitoring in traditional technologies. This invention not only significantly improves the mechanical properties and microstructure uniformity of non-ferrous metal products, but also reduces production costs by optimizing process parameters and improving production efficiency, providing a high-performance, high-quality non-ferrous metal material solution for modern industry.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for hot extrusion processing of non-ferrous metal materials, the specific steps of which are as follows:

[0007] S1. Billet preparation: Select the non-ferrous metal material to be processed, process it into a billet shape and size suitable for hot extrusion, pre-treat the billet, including surface cleaning and oxide scale removal, and determine the initial microstructure and chemical composition of the billet according to the performance requirements and material properties of the non-ferrous metal products to be prepared.

[0008] S2. Die and Loading System Setup: Design and manufacture a multi-directional extrusion die, which includes multiple cooperating extrusion components that can apply pressure to the billet from different directions. Construct a corresponding loading system that can precisely control the magnitude of pressure, loading rate, and loading time in each direction. Install the multi-directional extrusion die onto the hot extrusion equipment and debug and calibrate the loading system.

[0009] S3. Heat treatment: Place the prepared billet into the heating device and heat the billet according to the preset heating curve to make the billet reach the appropriate hot extrusion temperature. During the heating process, strictly control the heating temperature and holding time to ensure that the internal temperature of the billet is uniformly distributed.

[0010] S4. Multi-directional extrusion: The heated billet is placed in the extrusion chamber of the multi-directional extrusion die, and the loading system is started to apply pressure to the billet simultaneously or sequentially from multiple directions. During the extrusion process, the magnitude and loading sequence of the pressure in each direction are precisely adjusted by the loading system to cause the metal to undergo complex plastic deformation in the extrusion chamber.

[0011] S5. Cooling and subsequent processing: After extrusion, the product is cooled using a cooling method. After cooling, the product undergoes subsequent processing, including surface treatment, dimensional processing, and performance testing.

[0012] Furthermore, in the billet preparation step, the surface cleaning treatment employs ultrasonic cleaning technology. The billet is placed in a cleaning tank containing a cleaning agent, the ultrasonic frequency is set to 20-40kHz, and the cleaning time is 15-30 minutes. The cleaning agent is prepared by surfactants, corrosion inhibitors, and deionized water in a specific ratio. The surfactants can effectively remove oil stains from the surface of the billet, and the corrosion inhibitors can prevent the billet from being corroded during the cleaning process. After cleaning, the billet is rinsed multiple times with deionized water to remove residual cleaning agent from the surface. Then, hot air drying is used, and the drying temperature is controlled at 60-80℃ to ensure that the surface of the billet is dry and clean, avoiding residual impurities from affecting the subsequent extrusion process and product quality. At the same time, for different non-ferrous metal materials, the formulation of the cleaning agent and the cleaning process parameters can be appropriately adjusted according to their surface characteristics and impurity composition to achieve the best cleaning effect.

[0013] Furthermore, in the billet preparation step, when determining the initial microstructure of the billet, metallographic microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) techniques are used to perform microstructural analysis on the billet. The grain morphology, size, and distribution of the billet are observed using the metallographic microscope to obtain macroscopic microstructural information. The orientation of the grains and the microstructural parameters of the grain boundaries are accurately measured using EBSD technology. Based on the performance requirements of the non-ferrous metal products to be prepared and combined with the compositional characteristics of the material, the billet is pre-heat-treated. For aluminum alloy billets, if it is necessary to improve their strength and plasticity, homogenization annealing can be performed. The annealing temperature is controlled at 450-550℃, and the holding time is 8-12 hours to eliminate the compositional segregation inside the billet, improve the microstructure uniformity, and lay the foundation for obtaining good microstructure and properties in the subsequent hot extrusion process.

[0014] Furthermore, the extrusion components of the multi-directional extrusion die are made of high-strength alloy steel, specifically H13 die steel, which undergoes quenching and tempering treatment to achieve a hardness of HRC48-52. This ensures that the die possesses excellent strength, toughness, and wear resistance under high-temperature and high-pressure extrusion conditions. The die surface is nitrided to form a nitrided layer with a thickness of 0.1-0.3 mm, improving the surface hardness and corrosion resistance of the die and reducing the coefficient of friction between the metal and the die surface. Simultaneously, the various extrusion components of the die are connected using high-precision positioning pins and bolts to ensure assembly accuracy within ±0.02 mm. This guarantees that pressure in all directions can be accurately transmitted and applied to the billet during multi-directional extrusion, preventing uneven deformation of the billet due to die assembly errors and ensuring product quality.

[0015] Furthermore, the loading system includes multiple independent hydraulic servo control systems, each corresponding to a specific extrusion direction. These systems precisely control the pressure, loading rate, and loading time in that direction. The hydraulic servo control system employs a closed-loop control method, using pressure sensors to monitor the pressure value during the extrusion process in real time and feeding the pressure signal back to the control system. Based on a preset pressure curve and loading parameters, the control system automatically adjusts the output flow and pressure of the hydraulic pump to achieve precise pressure control with an accuracy of ±2%. Regarding the loading rate, it can be adjusted within the range of 0.1-10 mm / s according to different non-ferrous metal materials and extrusion process requirements. For copper alloys with good plasticity, the loading rate can be appropriately increased to improve production efficiency, while for magnesium alloys with poor plasticity, a lower loading rate is used to prevent cracking defects in the billet during extrusion.

[0016] Furthermore, in the heating process, the billet is heated using a zoned heating method. The heating device has multiple independently temperature-controlled heating zones, each equipped with an independent temperature sensor and heating element. The temperature of each heating zone is set according to the shape, size, and material properties of the billet, ensuring uniform heating during the process. For cylindrical billets, the heating device can be divided into a central heating zone, an edge heating zone, and a transition heating zone. The temperature of the central heating zone is set slightly lower than that of the edge heating zone to compensate for the difference in heat dissipation between the center and the edge of the billet, ensuring uniform temperature distribution within the billet. Simultaneously, during the heating process, the temperature changes of different parts of the billet are monitored in real time, and the power of each heating zone is automatically adjusted by the control system to keep the heating temperature within ±5℃ of the set temperature, ensuring that the billet reaches a suitable hot extrusion temperature and improving the plasticity and fluidity of the metal.

[0017] Furthermore, in the multi-directional extrusion step, strain control is used to monitor and control the extrusion process. Strain gauges are installed at key parts of the extrusion die to monitor the strain of the metal in real time during the extrusion process. Based on the preset strain target and the metal flow law, the magnitude and loading sequence of the pressure in each direction are adjusted by the loading system. When the strain in a certain direction reaches the set value, the pressure in that direction or other directions is adjusted in time to cause plastic deformation of the metal in the extrusion chamber, which further promotes grain refinement. When it is found that the strain on one side of the billet is too large, resulting in uneven structure, the pressure in that direction is reduced, while the pressure in other directions is increased to make the metal flow more uniform and ensure that the product obtains a uniform ultrafine grain structure.

[0018] Furthermore, in the cooling and subsequent processing steps, the selection of the cooling method is determined according to the type of non-ferrous metal material and the performance requirements of the product. For aluminum alloy products, if higher strength and hardness are required, water cooling is used for rapid cooling, with the cooling rate controlled at 50-100℃ / s, so that the aluminum alloy undergoes aging strengthening during the cooling process. For magnesium alloy products, to prevent defects such as cracks during the cooling process, air cooling or a combination of air cooling and wind cooling is used, with the cooling rate controlled at 5-15℃ / s. After cooling, the product is subjected to aging treatment. Aluminum alloy products are artificially aged at 150-200℃ for 6-12 hours to further improve the strength and hardness of the product. Magnesium alloy products are aged at 120-160℃ for 8-16 hours to improve the overall performance of the product.

[0019] Furthermore, in the cooling and subsequent processing steps, when testing the performance of the product, a combination of multiple testing methods is used. X-ray diffraction technology is also used to analyze the crystal structure of the product, detect the grain size and orientation distribution, and scanning electron microscopy is used to observe the microstructure morphology of the product, evaluate the grain refinement effect and the uniformity of the structure. For non-ferrous metal products with high conductivity requirements, the performance of the product is comprehensively and accurately evaluated through multiple testing methods to ensure that the product meets the design requirements and usage standards. At the same time, a database is established between the product performance and the hot extrusion process parameters to provide a reference for subsequent process optimization and new product development.

[0020] Compared with existing technologies, this hot extrusion processing method for non-ferrous metal materials has the following advantages:

[0021] I. This method applies pressure to the billet from multiple directions by precisely controlling the multi-directional extrusion die and loading system, and monitors and adjusts the strain during the extrusion process by combining strain control methods, which causes the metal to undergo complex plastic deformation in the extrusion chamber, further promoting grain refinement, thereby significantly improving the mechanical properties and microstructure uniformity of the product. This is especially important for non-ferrous metal products that require specific performance requirements such as high strength, high hardness or good electrical conductivity.

[0022] Second, this method achieves precise control of the hot extrusion process by specifying detailed process parameters and operational requirements for each step, including billet preparation, mold and loading system setup, heat treatment, multi-directional extrusion, and cooling and subsequent processing. For example, in the heat treatment step, a zoned heating method is adopted to ensure uniform temperature distribution inside the billet. In the multi-directional extrusion step, the loading rate is adjusted according to the material characteristics to adapt to the extrusion requirements of different non-ferrous metal materials. These optimization measures not only improve product quality but also reduce production costs by reducing the defect rate and increasing production efficiency.

[0023] Other advantages, objectives and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following examination or study, or may be learned from the practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative effort.

[0025] Figure 1This is a flowchart of a hot extrusion process for non-ferrous metal materials. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention in achieving its intended purpose, the following detailed description of the specific implementation methods, structures, features, and effects of the present invention, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, is provided below.

[0027] Example 1

[0028] Aerospace-grade aluminum alloy ingots are selected and processed into cylindrical blanks through lathe cutting and grinding processes to ensure that the diameter and length meet the cavity specifications of the hot extrusion equipment. The surface cleaning process adopts ultrasonic cleaning technology, in which the blank is immersed in a cleaning solution prepared by surfactants, corrosion inhibitors and deionized water in a specific ratio. The high-frequency vibration of the ultrasonic waves removes the oxide scale and oil stains on the surface. After cleaning, the surface of the blank is repeatedly rinsed with deionized water to avoid cleaning agent residue. Then, it is dried at low temperature in a hot air circulating drying oven. In order to accurately control the initial microstructure of the blank, its grain morphology and distribution are first observed by metallographic microscope to obtain macroscopic microstructure characteristics. Then, the grain orientation and grain boundary parameters are determined by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) technology. Combined with the mechanical performance requirements of aerospace components, the microstructure of the blank is adjusted by annealing or solution heat treatment process to ensure the uniformity of chemical composition.

[0029] The design incorporates a four-directional extrusion die, with each extrusion component forged from high-strength alloy steel and nitrided to form a wear-resistant hardened layer on the surface, resisting plastic deformation during high-temperature extrusion. Each die component is connected to a high-precision positioning pin and high-strength bolts to ensure assembly accuracy. The loading system employs four independent hydraulic servo control systems, each corresponding to a specific extrusion direction. Real-time pressure adjustment is achieved through a closed-loop control principle—pressure sensors continuously monitor pressure changes within the extrusion chamber and feed the signal back to the control system, ensuring that the loading rate and time conform to the preset process curve. Before installing the die, the worktable of the hot extrusion equipment must be horizontally calibrated, and the die installation verticality must be checked using a dial indicator to prevent eccentric loading.

[0030] The billet is placed in a zoned heating furnace, which has three independently temperature-controlled zones: upper, middle, and lower. Each zone is equipped with a platinum resistance temperature sensor and a resistance heating element. Based on the thermal conductivity characteristics of aluminum alloy, the temperature of the outer heating zone is set to be slightly higher than that of the inner zone, so that the billet is heated evenly from the surface to the center to the hot extrusion temperature. During the heating process, the temperature rise data of different parts of the billet is recorded in real time by a temperature monitoring instrument. When the temperature deviation of a certain area exceeds the set range, the system automatically adjusts the power of the corresponding heating zone to ensure the overall temperature uniformity of the billet and avoid coarse grains caused by local overheating.

[0031] The billet heated to the predetermined temperature is quickly transferred to the die extrusion chamber, and the loading system is activated. Extrusion columns in four directions apply pressure simultaneously. During the extrusion process, strain gauges attached to key parts of the die are used to monitor the metal flow strain in real time. The pressure distribution is adjusted using the strain control method. When the strain in a certain direction reaches the preset value, the system automatically reduces the pressure in that direction and increases the load in other directions, causing the metal to undergo cross-shear deformation and refine the grains. Operators need to closely observe the extrusion speed and pressure curves. If a sudden pressure change or abnormal metal flow is detected, the loading parameters should be adjusted immediately through the human-machine interface to prevent the billet from cracking or the die from being damaged.

[0032] To obtain high-strength aluminum alloy profiles, the extruded products are immediately immersed in a circulating water cooling tank for rapid cooling to room temperature to suppress the coarsening of precipitated phases. After cooling, artificial aging treatment is performed, and the alloy is heated and held at a certain temperature to precipitate uniformly distributed strengthening phases. Subsequently, the profiles are surface sandblasted to remove oxide scale, and then dimensional precision machining is performed using a CNC milling machine to ensure the cross-sectional accuracy of the profiles. In the performance testing stage, X-ray diffraction (XRD) technology is used to analyze the crystal structure and grain orientation, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is used to observe the microstructure. At the same time, a conductivity meter is used to test the conductivity. Finally, all test data are entered into the process database to provide a reference for subsequent batch production.

[0033] Example 2

[0034] AZ91D magnesium alloy ingots were selected and sawed and turned into round blanks. The thickness was designed according to the wheel hub spoke structure. During surface cleaning, considering the easy oxidation of magnesium alloy, the proportion of corrosion inhibitor in the cleaning agent was specially adjusted. A low-frequency ultrasonic cleaning mode was used to avoid damage to the surface of the blank caused by violent vibration. After cleaning, the blank was rinsed with deionized water and dried. Then, the dendrite distribution and grain size of the blank were observed by metallographic microscope. The twin orientation was analyzed by combining EBSD technology. In view of the poor plasticity of magnesium alloy, a homogenization annealing process was used to eliminate compositional segregation and optimize the initial microstructure. To ensure that the chemical composition meets the automotive industry standards, the composition of the blank was re-inspected using a direct-reading spectrometer.

[0035] A three-dimensional extrusion die was designed, using hot-work die steel as the die material. The surface was ion-nitrided to improve wear resistance. Each extrusion component was fixed to a high-strength bolt via positioning keys to ensure die closing accuracy. The loading system employed three hydraulic servo control units. Considering the low plasticity of magnesium alloy, the loading rate was set to a low value to avoid cracking during extrusion. During the debugging of the loading system, the synchronization of pressure in each direction was verified by simulating pressure-time curves. Displacement sensors were used to calibrate the movement accuracy of the extrusion column to ensure the coordination of multi-directional loading.

[0036] A box-type heating furnace is used to heat the billet in sections. The furnace is divided into a central heating zone and an edge heating zone. Based on the thermal expansion coefficient of magnesium alloy, the edge temperature is set to be slightly higher than the center temperature, so that the billet is heated evenly to the hot extrusion temperature. During the heating process, the surface temperature of the billet is monitored in real time by an infrared thermometer. When it approaches the target temperature, the heating power is reduced for heat preservation to prevent local overheating. To avoid oxidation of magnesium alloy at high temperature, argon gas is introduced into the heating furnace to maintain a slightly positive pressure state inside the furnace.

[0037] The heated billet is quickly placed into the mold cavity, and the loading system is started. Axial and radial pressures are applied in sequence according to a pre-set order. During the extrusion process, strain gauges are used to monitor the strain distribution of each part of the billet. When excessive strain is found on one side, resulting in uneven structure, the system automatically reduces the pressure in that direction and increases the load in the opposite direction to adjust the metal flow direction. The operator needs to observe the changes in the extrusion load in real time. If abnormal fluctuations occur, the extrusion is immediately stopped and the mold condition is checked to prevent the mold from wearing out due to the poor fluidity of magnesium alloy. After the extrusion is completed, the mold pressure is maintained for a period of time to allow the wheel hub profile to be fully formed.

[0038] To prevent cracks from forming during the cooling process of magnesium alloy wheels, a progressive cooling method alternating between air cooling and wind cooling is adopted. First, the wheels are naturally cooled to a certain temperature in the air, and then the fans are turned on to accelerate the cooling to room temperature. After cooling, artificial aging treatment is performed to improve the strength and toughness of the material. Subsequently, the wheels are shot-blasted to improve the surface finish. Then, the rim and mounting surface dimensions are machined using a CNC lathe. In the performance testing stage, XRD technology is used to analyze grain size and orientation, and SEM is used to observe the fracture morphology to evaluate toughness. At the same time, a fatigue testing machine is used to test the fatigue resistance of the wheels. Finally, the process parameters and performance data are correlated to establish a magnesium alloy hot extrusion process database, providing technical support for the mass production of automotive wheels.

[0039] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for hot extrusion processing of non-ferrous metal materials, characterized in that, The specific steps of this method are as follows: S1. Billet preparation: Select the non-ferrous metal material to be processed, process it into a billet shape and size suitable for hot extrusion, pre-treat the billet, including surface cleaning and oxide scale removal, and determine the initial microstructure and chemical composition of the billet according to the performance requirements and material properties of the non-ferrous metal products to be prepared. S2. Die and Loading System Setup: Design and manufacture a multi-directional extrusion die, which includes multiple cooperating extrusion components that can apply pressure to the billet from different directions. Construct a corresponding loading system that can precisely control the magnitude of pressure, loading rate, and loading time in each direction. Install the multi-directional extrusion die onto the hot extrusion equipment and debug and calibrate the loading system. S3. Heat treatment: Place the prepared billet into the heating device and heat the billet according to the preset heating curve to make the billet reach the appropriate hot extrusion temperature. During the heating process, strictly control the heating temperature and holding time. S4. Multi-directional extrusion: The heated billet is placed in the extrusion chamber of the multi-directional extrusion die, and the loading system is started to apply pressure to the billet simultaneously or sequentially from multiple directions. During the extrusion process, the magnitude and loading sequence of the pressure in each direction are precisely adjusted by the loading system to cause the metal to undergo complex plastic deformation in the extrusion chamber. S5. Cooling and subsequent processing: After extrusion, the product is cooled using a cooling method. After cooling, the product undergoes subsequent processing, including surface treatment, dimensional processing, and performance testing.

2. The hot extrusion processing method for non-ferrous metal materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the billet preparation step, the surface cleaning treatment adopts ultrasonic cleaning technology. The billet is placed in a cleaning tank containing a cleaning agent, which is prepared by surfactant, corrosion inhibitor and deionized water in a specific ratio. After cleaning, the billet is rinsed multiple times with deionized water to remove the residual cleaning agent on the surface. Then, it is dried with hot air. At the same time, for different non-ferrous metal materials, the formula of the cleaning agent and the cleaning process parameters can be appropriately adjusted according to their surface characteristics and impurity composition.

3. The hot extrusion processing method for non-ferrous metal materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the billet preparation step, when determining the initial microstructure of the billet, metallographic microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) techniques are used to perform microstructure analysis on the billet. The grain morphology, size, and distribution of the billet are observed through the metallographic microscopy to obtain macroscopic microstructure information. The orientation and grain boundary characteristics of the grains are accurately measured using EBSD technology. Based on the performance requirements of the non-ferrous metal products to be prepared and combined with the composition characteristics of the material, the billet is preheated.

4. The hot extrusion processing method for non-ferrous metal materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The extrusion components of the multi-directional extrusion die are made of high-strength alloy steel, and the surface of the die is nitrided. In addition, the various extrusion components of the die are connected by high-precision positioning pins and bolts.

5. A hot extrusion processing method for non-ferrous metal materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The loading system includes multiple independent hydraulic servo control systems, each corresponding to a specific extrusion direction. These systems precisely control the pressure, loading rate, and loading time in that direction. The hydraulic servo control system employs a closed-loop control method, using pressure sensors to monitor the pressure value during the extrusion process in real time and feeding the pressure signal back to the control system. Based on the preset pressure curve and loading parameters, the control system automatically adjusts the output flow and pressure of the hydraulic pump. Regarding the loading rate, it can be adjusted according to different non-ferrous metal materials and extrusion process requirements. For magnesium alloys with poor plasticity, a lower loading rate is used.

6. The hot extrusion processing method for non-ferrous metal materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the heating process, the billet is heated in a zoned heating manner. The heating device is equipped with multiple independently temperature-controlled heating zones, each with its own temperature sensor and heating element. The temperature of each heating zone is set according to the shape, size and material properties of the billet, so that the billet can achieve uniform heating during the heating process. At the same time, the temperature changes of different parts of the billet are monitored in real time during the heating process, and the power of each heating zone is automatically adjusted by the control system.

7. A hot extrusion processing method for non-ferrous metal materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the multi-directional extrusion step, strain control is used to monitor and control the extrusion process. Strain gauges are installed at key parts of the extrusion die to monitor the strain of the metal in real time during the extrusion process. Based on the preset strain target and the metal flow law, the magnitude and loading sequence of the pressure in each direction are adjusted by the loading system. When the strain in a certain direction reaches the set value, the pressure in that direction or other directions is adjusted in time to cause plastic deformation of the metal in the extrusion chamber, which further promotes grain refinement. When it is found that the strain on one side of the billet is too large, resulting in uneven structure, the pressure in that direction is reduced, while the pressure in other directions is increased to make the metal flow more uniform.

8. A hot extrusion processing method for non-ferrous metal materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the cooling and subsequent processing steps, the choice of cooling method is determined according to the type of non-ferrous metal material and the performance requirements of the product. For aluminum alloy products, if higher strength and hardness are required, water cooling is used for rapid cooling. For magnesium alloy products, in order to prevent crack defects during the cooling process, air cooling or a combination of air cooling and air cooling is used. After cooling, the product is subjected to aging treatment.

9. A hot extrusion processing method for non-ferrous metal materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the cooling and subsequent processing steps, when testing the performance of the product, a combination of multiple testing methods is used. X-ray diffraction technology is also used to analyze the crystal structure of the product, detect the grain size and orientation distribution, and scanning electron microscopy is used to observe the microstructure morphology of the product, evaluate the grain refinement effect and the uniformity of the structure. For non-ferrous metal products with high conductivity requirements, a database is established between the product performance and the hot extrusion process parameters to provide a reference for subsequent process optimization and new product development.

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