Press mechanism and method with combined slide and counterbalance cylinder arrangement

Abstract

The application discloses a press mechanism and method with combined slider and balance cylinder device, and the press mechanism comprises a balance lever support, a balance cylinder assembly, a constant pressure gas path system, a falling prevention mechanism, a buffer mechanism, a guide seal, a lubricating mechanism, a combined slider, a combined nut and a thin oil lubricating structure, wherein the balance cylinder assembly comprises an end cover, a cylinder body, a piston and a piston rod, the constant pressure gas path system comprises an air storage tank, an equal distribution valve, a pressure sensor, a pressure regulating valve and a booster pump, the lubricating mechanism comprises a needle valve type oil cup and a graphite copper sleeve, and the combined nut comprises a positioning pin, an inner ring copper nut and a thread; when waiting, air enters the constant pressure gas path system to make the slider in a suspended force state; after starting, the slider makes accelerated movement downward to implement forging and stamping. The application adopts external multi-cylinder layout, is convenient to disassemble, overhaul and maintain, is matched with the constant pressure gas path system to boost, stabilize and equally distribute air pressure, and adopts split design of the combined slider and the combined nut to reduce production, transportation, assembly and maintenance costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of press technology, and more specifically, relates to a press mechanism and method with a combined slider and balance cylinder device. Background Technology

[0002] Electric screw presses are core forming equipment in the forging industry. The slide block and transmission nut are key force-bearing and transmission components, directly determining the equipment's operational stability, service life, and production efficiency. Currently, large-tonnage electric screw presses operate under heavy loads and with high frequency, making core components prone to wear and overheating. At the same time, the large size and high material requirements of the equipment components create significant cost pressures throughout the entire process, including casting, machining, transportation, assembly, and subsequent maintenance. The industry urgently needs to optimize the structure of core components and develop supporting lubrication and monitoring solutions to improve the overall performance of the equipment.

[0003] Currently, most screw presses used in production lines adopt a dual-cylinder built-in balancing structure. Two balancing cylinders are vertically arranged in the middle of the left and right columns of the equipment, relying on the factory's ordinary air source for direct air supply. The lower end of the piston rod of the cylinder is rigidly connected to the slider by screws. This type of traditional balancing cylinder relies on a single air pipe for unified air supply, and is only equipped with a basic pressure regulating valve to adjust the air source pressure. There is no independent pressure stabilization, storage, or equal distribution structure. The cylinder body is simply equipped with a single-layer guide oil seal, without a continuous lubrication structure. The piston rod and slider are only fixed by a single-point screw, without a fracture protection structure. The piston has no buffer limit component. The existing solution relies on increasing the cylinder diameter of a single cylinder to meet the counterweight requirements. The entire structure is integrated inside the equipment column. Maintenance and replacement of the cylinder body require disassembling the column sheet metal and transmission components. When adapted to the factory's low-pressure air source, insufficient thrust is prone to occur, and failures occur frequently under long-term continuous forging conditions.

[0004] The existing balance cylinder and combined slider technology have the following defects: (1) The balance cylinder has a large built-in double cylinder structure, which is difficult to disassemble and maintain. The single cylinder is large in volume and has high processing cost. The multi-cylinder air supply has no balanced distribution structure, and the uneven pressure distribution causes the slider to deviate. (2) The balance cylinder lacks a composite structure for anti-fall, buffer, and long-term lubrication. The piston rod connecting screw is easy to loosen and break. The broken rod poses a risk of falling and injuring people. The piston has no buffer and is easy to rigidly impact the end cap. The guide seal has no continuous lubrication and is easy to wear and leak air. (3) The combined slider has a large single weight and complex structure. The manufacturing, processing, transportation and hoisting assembly thresholds are high and the cost is high. The non-standard customization has poor flexibility. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned deficiencies or improvement needs of existing technologies, this invention provides a press mechanism and method with a combined slider and a balance cylinder device. The balance rod bracket, serving as the main structure of the balance cylinder device, enables an external multi-cylinder layout for the press. A constant-pressure air circuit system independently installed outside the balance cylinder device controls the air circuit of the entire balance cylinder device. A buffer mechanism inserted at the bottom of the balance cylinder assembly counteracts the impact generated by high-speed impacts. An anti-fall mechanism embedded at the bottom of the buffer mechanism can hold a broken piston rod to eliminate safety hazards. The layered design of the combined slider reduces casting costs during casting. The nested design of the inner and outer rings of the combined nut reduces manufacturing and maintenance costs. A thin oil lubrication structure located outside the combined nut allows for the recycling of thin oil.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, according to a first aspect of the present invention, a press mechanism with a combined slider and a balance cylinder device is provided, comprising: The main structure of the balance cylinder device includes a balance bar bracket, a balance cylinder assembly symmetrically arranged on the balance bar bracket, a constant pressure air circuit system located outside the balance cylinder device and installed independently, an anti-fall mechanism embedded in the bottom of the balance cylinder assembly, a buffer mechanism inserted into the bottom and inside of the balance cylinder assembly, a combined slider placed at the bottom of the balance cylinder assembly, and a combined nut embedded in the top surface of the combined slider. Both the combined slider and the combined nut adopt a split structure design. The balance cylinder assembly includes a cylinder body as the main structure of the balance cylinder assembly, an end cap located on the top of the cylinder body, a piston located in the inner cavity of the cylinder body, and a piston rod inserted into the middle of the piston at the top. The balance cylinder assembly adopts an external multi-cylinder layout, and the balance cylinder assembly is connected to the slider through the piston rod. The anti-fall mechanism includes a lifting ring inserted into the bottom of the balance cylinder assembly and a steel wire rope disposed between the lifting rings. The steel wire rope can pull the piston rod to prevent it from falling. The buffer mechanism includes a disc spring inserted into the bottom of the piston rod and a buffer ring embedded inside the piston and located at the top of the piston rod, the disc spring and the buffer ring forming a dual buffer system; The combined slider includes an upper part of the slider as the main structure of the combined slider and a base plate disposed at the bottom of the upper part of the slider; The combined nut includes an outer steel sleeve as the main structure of the combined nut, an inner copper nut embedded inside the outer steel sleeve, and threads located on the inner surface of the inner copper nut.

[0007] Furthermore, the constant pressure air circuit system maintains the air flow rate at 10–20 m / s.

[0008] Furthermore, the inner copper nut is made of copper alloy, and the outer steel sleeve is made of ordinary steel.

[0009] Furthermore, the cylinder body includes a lower balance air chamber located in the inner cavity of the cylinder body near the end cap and an upper exhaust chamber located in the inner cavity of the cylinder body near the piston rod. The lower balance air chamber is connected to compressed air, and the upper exhaust chamber is connected to the atmosphere. The thread includes a thread face located on the side of the thread and a thread root located at the root of the thread.

[0010] Furthermore, the constant pressure gas circuit system includes a gas storage tank as the main structure of the constant pressure gas circuit system, a balanced distribution valve located on the side of the gas storage tank, a pressure sensor located on the outside of the gas storage tank pipeline, a booster pump located outside the gas storage tank and installed independently, and a pressure regulating valve located on the top of the booster pump.

[0011] Furthermore, it also includes a guide seal located inside the balance cylinder assembly, a lubrication mechanism inserted into the top of the balance cylinder assembly and the bottom of the guide seal, and a thin oil lubrication structure located outside the combined nut.

[0012] Furthermore, the guide seal includes a piston guide seal located on the side of the piston outer ring and a piston rod guide seal located on the contact surface between the piston rod and the cylinder body; The lubrication mechanism includes a needle valve-type oil cup inserted into the outer side of the top of the end cap and a graphite copper sleeve inserted into the contact surface between the piston rod and the cylinder.

[0013] Furthermore, the guide seal adopts a double guide seal to resist the lateral force of the slider and avoid uneven wear and air leakage of the seal. The needle valve type oil cup can inject lubricating oil into the cylinder and adjust the amount of lubricating oil.

[0014] Furthermore, the distributor, which is inserted into the top surface of the upper extended portion of the slider, the oil return line located on the side of the combined slider, and the oil outlets located at the top and bottom of the oil return line, are provided in the thin oil lubrication structure. The thin oil lubrication structure is provided with two symmetrically positioned distributors, which can force and evenly spray thin oil onto the threads.

[0015] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a method of using a press mechanism with a combined slide block and a balance cylinder is provided, comprising: S100: During the standby and debugging phase of the equipment, the booster pump is started, and the required air pressure is balanced by the pressure regulating valve. The gas is stored in the storage tank, and the pressure sensor monitors the air pressure in the tank in real time. After the standard is met, the gas is evenly distributed to each lower balance air chamber through the equalization distribution valve, which lifts the slider, upper mold and other components upward to complete the self-weight suspension balance. S200: During the downward forging operation, the balance cylinder assembly drives the slide block to press down, and the piston rod moves down synchronously with the slide block. The piston compresses the lower balance air chamber, and the pressure inside the chamber rises to generate reverse resistance, which greatly reduces the load and smoothly completes the workpiece forging process. S300: When the forging is finished, the slider returns to its original position. The compressed high-pressure gas expands and releases energy, pushing the piston rod to move upward. This works together to pull the slider upward, reducing the work done by the main motor. Once the slider reaches the upper limit, the air chamber pressure automatically returns to the preset balance value. S400: During operation, the lubrication mechanism works continuously. The needle valve-type oil cup supplies lubricating oil to the piston. The graphite copper sleeve supports the piston rod. The double guide seal resists the lateral force of the slider, avoids uneven wear of the seals and air leakage, and reduces the probability of cylinder scoring failure. S500: During the equipment abnormality protection phase, if the piston rod breaks, the bottom steel wire rope and the lifting ring will hold the slider to prevent it from falling. When the piston moves upward and approaches the end cover, the buffer ring will buffer the rigid impact to avoid the safety risk of the piston hitting the end cover at high speed. S600: During routine maintenance, a single set of balance cylinder components can be disassembled and installed without disassembling the machine body. The equalization distribution valve can be repaired separately. The air pipeline is easy to disassemble and install, shortening the downtime for equipment maintenance.

[0016] In summary, compared with the prior art, the above-described technical solutions conceived by this invention can achieve the following beneficial effects: 1. The press mechanism of the present invention realizes the external multi-cylinder layout of the press by means of the balance bar bracket, which serves as the main structure of the balance cylinder device. The air circuit of the entire balance cylinder device is controlled by a constant pressure air circuit system independently installed on the outside of the balance cylinder device. The impact generated by the high-speed impact of the balance cylinder device is offset by the buffer mechanism inserted into the bottom of the balance cylinder assembly. The anti-fall mechanism embedded in the bottom of the buffer mechanism can hold the broken piston rod to eliminate safety hazards. The upper and lower layered design of the combined slider can reduce casting costs during casting. The inner and outer ring nesting design of the combined nut reduces manufacturing and maintenance costs. The thin oil lubrication structure located on the outside of the combined nut can recycle and reuse the thin oil.

[0017] 2. The press mechanism of the present invention, through the cooperation of the pressure regulating valve and the booster pump, can adjust the output air pressure according to the total weight of the slider and maintain the air flow velocity at 10-20m / s. The safety hazard of the piston rod falling freely is eliminated by the lifting rings and the steel wire ropes connected between the lifting rings. The disc spring and the buffer ring form a double buffer system to absorb various impact loads in the reciprocating motion of the balance cylinder device in all directions. The double guide seal of piston guide seal and piston rod guide seal can resist the lateral force of the slider and avoid the seal wear and air leakage. The oil injection of needle valve type oil cup and the lubrication of graphite copper sleeve can reduce the maintenance cycle of the balance cylinder device and improve its service life.

[0018] 3. The press mechanism of the present invention reduces the maintenance and transportation costs of the combined slide by assembling the upper part of the slide block with the base plate. The oil collection groove and filter set at the center of the top of the base plate collect and filter excess thin oil for recycling. The positioning pin inserted into the pin hole prevents the outer ring steel sleeve and the inner ring copper nut from rotating and rubbing against each other. The engagement of the thread on the inner ring surface of the inner ring copper nut enables the combined nut to rotate forward and backward under the drive of the press, and the combined slide block to move up and down. The distributor inserted into the top surface of the extended part of the upper slide block can force and evenly spray the thin oil onto the thread. The oil outlet set at the bottom and top of the return oil pipeline realizes the recycling of the thin oil. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the press mechanism with a combined slider and balance cylinder device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of a press mechanism with a combined slider and a balance cylinder device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the balance cylinder assembly in a press mechanism with a combined slider and balance cylinder device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the constant pressure air circuit system in the press mechanism with a combined slider and balance cylinder device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the anti-fall mechanism and buffer mechanism in the press mechanism with combined slider and balance cylinder device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the combined slider and combined nut in a press mechanism with a combined slider and balance cylinder device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the combined slider and combined nut in a press mechanism with a combined slider and balance cylinder device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a partial enlarged view of the combined nut at point A in the press mechanism with a combined slider and balance cylinder device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the thin oil lubrication structure in a press mechanism with a combined slider and balance cylinder device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the other side of the thin oil lubrication structure in the press mechanism with the combined slider and balance cylinder device according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a flowchart illustrating the operation of a press mechanism with a combined slider and a balance cylinder according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] In all the accompanying drawings, the same reference numerals denote the same technical features, specifically: 1-Stabilizer bar bracket, 2-Stabilizer cylinder assembly, 21-End cap, 22-Cylinder block, 221-Lower balancing air chamber, 222-Upper exhaust chamber, 23-Piston, 24-Piston rod, 3-Constant pressure air circuit system, 31-Air tank, 32-Balance distribution valve, 33-Pressure sensor, 34-Pressure regulating valve, 35-Booster pump, 4-Fall protection mechanism, 41-Hanging ring, 42-Wire rope, 5-Buffer mechanism, 51-Disc spring, 52-Buffer 6-Ring, 6-Guide seal, 61-Piston guide seal, 62-Piston rod guide seal, 7-Lubrication mechanism, 71-Needle valve type oil cup, 72-Graphite copper sleeve, 8-Combined slider, 81-Upper part of slider, 82-Base plate, 9-Combined nut, 91-Positioning pin, 92-Outer ring steel sleeve, 93-Inner ring copper nut, 94-Thread, 941-Thread tooth surface, 942-Thread tooth root, 10-Thin oil lubrication structure, 101-Oil inlet pipe, 102-Distributor, 103-Oil return pipe, 104-Oil outlet. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of this invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0022] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that if terms such as "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product of the invention is in use, they are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention. Furthermore, terms such as "first," "second," and "third" are only used to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0023] Furthermore, the use of terms such as "horizontal," "vertical," and "sag" does not imply that the component must be absolutely horizontal or suspended, but rather that it can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" simply means that its direction is more horizontal relative to "vertical," and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.

[0024] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, "multiple" means at least two.

[0025] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0026] This invention provides a press mechanism with a combined slider and a balance cylinder device, such as... Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 6 , Figure 9As shown, the device includes a balance bar bracket 1, a balance cylinder assembly 2, a constant pressure air circuit system 3, a fall prevention mechanism 4, a buffer mechanism 5, a guide seal 6, a lubrication mechanism 7, a combined slider 8, a combined nut 9, and a thin oil lubrication structure 10. The balance bar bracket 1 serves as the main structure of the balance cylinder device, which adopts an external multi-cylinder layout. Two balance cylinder assemblies 2 are symmetrically mounted on the balance bar bracket 1. The constant pressure air circuit system 3 serves as the pneumatic control system for the balance cylinder device, independently mounted on the outside of the device and connected to it via a steel pipe. The buffer mechanism 5 is inserted into the bottom and interior of the balance cylinder assembly 2. The buffer mechanism 5 can be used to offset the severe impact generated by the high-speed impact of the balance cylinder assembly 2, preventing direct contact between the end cap 21 and the cylinder body 22. The head-on impact reduces structural impact damage and also reduces vibration and noise during the operation of the balance cylinder assembly 2. The anti-fall mechanism 4 is embedded in the bottom of the balance cylinder assembly 2 and connects the bottoms of the two balance cylinder assemblies 2 together. During the use of the balance cylinder assembly 2, if the piston rod 24 fatigues and falls freely, the anti-fall mechanism 4 can directly pull the piston rod 24, eliminating the safety hazard. The guide seal 6 is installed inside the balance cylinder assembly 2. The guide seal 6 adopts a double sealing design, constructing a double sealing structure between the cylinder body 22 and the piston 23, and between the cylinder body 22 and the piston rod 24, to achieve complete sealing of the balance cylinder assembly 2. It can not only prevent external dust and impurities from entering the balance cylinder assembly 2, but also block the high-pressure gas located in the lower balance air chamber 221, maintaining the balance inside the cylinder body 22. The balanced thrust is stable, preventing air leakage that could lead to slider imbalance and decreased accuracy. The lubrication mechanism 7 is inserted into the top of the balance cylinder assembly 2 and the bottom of the guide seal 6. The lubrication mechanism 7 can quantitatively add lubricating oil, continuously supplying oil to the balance cylinder assembly 2 to form an oil film, preventing dry friction of the piston 23 and preventing piston 23 from scoring, wear, and air leakage. The combined slider 8 is placed at the bottom of the balance cylinder assembly 2, and the piston rod 24 must extend into the combined slider 8. The combined slider 8 has a layered cylindrical structure. Casting the combined slider 8 separately allows for the selection of a smaller medium-frequency furnace, reducing casting costs. The layered design also reduces the weight and dimensions of individual components, lowering the requirements for machining tools. For later maintenance and replacement, only the combined slider needs to be replaced. The lower structure of 8 is sufficient. The combined nut 9 is embedded in the top surface of the combined slider 8. The combined nut 9 adopts an inner and outer ring nesting design, so only the inner ring of the combined nut 9 needs to be replaced during later maintenance, which reduces the cost of later maintenance and replacement. Both the combined slider 8 and the combined nut 9 adopt a split structure design. The thin oil lubrication structure 10 is located on the outside of the combined nut 9. The thin oil lubrication structure 10 is mainly used to cool the combined nut 9. The thin oil in the thin oil lubrication structure 10 is collected at the bottom surface of the inner cavity of the combined slider 8 and recycled to the thin oil lubrication station, thereby realizing the thin oil recycling function. The thin oil lubrication structure 10 lubricates 5 threads. The threads have preset points, and the thin oil flows along the threads to generate an oil film on the thread surface to reduce the coefficient of friction.

[0027] The press mechanism of this invention achieves an external multi-cylinder layout by using a balance bar bracket, which serves as the main structure of the balance cylinder device. A constant-pressure air circuit system, independently installed outside the balance cylinder device, controls the air circuit of the entire balance cylinder device. A buffer mechanism inserted into the bottom of the balance cylinder assembly counteracts the impact generated by the high-speed impact of the balance cylinder assembly. An anti-fall mechanism embedded at the bottom of the buffer mechanism can hold back a broken piston rod to eliminate safety hazards. The layered design of the combined slider reduces casting costs during casting. The nested design of the inner and outer rings of the combined nut reduces manufacturing and maintenance costs. The thin oil lubrication structure located outside the combined nut allows for the recycling of thin oil.

[0028] Specifically, such as Figure 3 As shown, the balance cylinder assembly 2 includes an end cap 21, a cylinder body 22, a piston 23, and a piston rod 24. The end cap 21 includes a lower balance air chamber 221 and an upper exhaust chamber 222. The cylinder body 22, as the main structure of the balance cylinder assembly 2, is cylindrical. The end cap 21 is installed on the top of the cylinder body 22. The piston 23 is located in the inner cavity of the cylinder body 22. The top of the piston rod 24 is inserted into the middle of the piston 23. The piston 23 can move up and down along the inner cavity of the cylinder body 22 under the action of the piston rod 24. The bottom of the piston rod 24 extends outward from the cylinder body 22. The inner cavity of the cylinder body 22 is divided into a lower balance air chamber 221 and an upper exhaust chamber 222 by the piston 23. The lower balance air chamber 221 is located in the inner cavity of the cylinder body 22 near the end cap 21 and is connected to compressed air. The upper exhaust chamber 222 is located in the inner cavity of the cylinder body 22 near the piston rod 24 and is connected to the atmosphere. The balance cylinder assembly 2 is connected to the slider through the piston rod 24.

[0029] Specifically, such as Figure 4As shown, the constant pressure air circuit system 3 includes an air tank 31, a balancing distribution valve 32, a pressure sensor 33, a pressure regulating valve 34, and a booster pump 35. The constant pressure air circuit system 3 is independently installed outside the balance cylinder device and connected to it via a steel pipe. The air tank 31 serves as the main structure of the constant pressure air circuit system 3. Multiple balancing distribution valves 32 (four in this embodiment) are installed on the side of the air tank 31. The balancing distribution valves 32 ensure consistent pressure across the multiple cylinders of the balance cylinder device and guarantee uniform intake pressure for all cylinders, thus achieving synchronous extension and retraction and avoiding slider misalignment. The pressure sensor 33 is installed on the air tank 31. The pipeline outside the gas tank 31 is used to monitor the internal air pressure of the gas tank 31. The booster pump 35 is independently installed outside the gas tank 31 and connected to the gas tank 31 by pipeline. The booster pump 35 can continuously fill the gas tank 31 with high-pressure gas to maintain the stable air pressure of the gas tank 31. The pressure regulating valve 34 is installed on the top of the outside of the booster pump 35. The pressure regulating valve 34, together with the booster pump 35, can adjust the output air pressure according to the total weight of the slider, accurately match the thrust required for balance, and ensure that the air pressure is accurate and controllable. In this embodiment, the air flow rate needs to be maintained at 10-20m / s. The air outlet of the gas tank 31 is connected to the air inlet of the balance cylinder assembly 2 through a seamless steel pipe.

[0030] Specifically, such as Figure 3 , Figure 5 As shown, the fall protection mechanism 4 includes a lifting ring 41 and a steel wire rope 42. The lifting ring 41 is inserted into the bottom of the balance cylinder assembly 2, and the steel wire rope 42 is connected between each lifting ring 41. When the piston rod 24 fractures due to fatigue and falls freely, the fall protection mechanism 4 can directly pull the piston rod 24 to eliminate safety hazards. At the same time, the lifting ring 41 is directly cast on the slider, which can avoid the piston rod being jammed and damaged due to uneven load caused by bolt connection.

[0031] Specifically, such as Figure 3 , Figure 5 As shown, the buffer mechanism 5 includes a disc spring 51 and a buffer ring 52. The disc spring 51 is inserted into the bottom of the piston rod 24. When the balance cylinder assembly 2 moves violently, the disc spring 51 can absorb the instantaneous impact load transmitted by the piston rod 24, reduce the vibration of the cylinder body 22, reduce the damage to the balance cylinder assembly 2, and reduce the operating noise of the balance cylinder device. The buffer ring 52 is embedded inside the piston 23 and located at the top of the piston rod 24. The buffer ring 52 can significantly weaken the impact brought by the piston rod 24 and prevent the piston 23 and the cylinder body 22 from vibrating strongly. At the same time, the disc spring 51 and the buffer ring 52 form a dual buffer system, weakening the impact from the top and bottom of the piston rod 24 respectively. They work together to absorb various impact loads in the reciprocating motion of the balance cylinder device in all directions.

[0032] Specifically, such as Figure 2As shown, the guide seal 6 includes a piston guide seal 61 and a piston rod guide seal 62. The piston guide seal 61 is located on the outer ring side of the piston 23, and the piston rod guide seal 62 is located on the contact surface between the piston rod 24 and the cylinder 22. The guide seal 6 adopts a double guide seal to resist the lateral force of the slider, avoid uneven wear of the seal and air leakage, and reduce the probability of cylinder scoring failure.

[0033] Specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown, the lubrication mechanism 7 includes a needle valve type oil cup 71 and a graphite copper sleeve 72. The needle valve type oil cup 71 is inserted into the top outer side of the end cap 21. The needle valve type oil cup 71 can inject lubricating oil into the cylinder 22 and adjust the amount of lubricating oil to achieve lubrication of the piston 23. The graphite copper sleeve 72 is inserted into the contact surface between the piston rod 24 and the cylinder 22 to ensure the lubrication of the piston rod 24.

[0034] The press mechanism of this invention, through the cooperation of a pressure regulating valve and a booster pump, can adjust the output air pressure according to the total weight of the slider and maintain the air flow velocity at 10-20 m / s. The safety hazard of the piston rod falling freely is eliminated by the lifting rings and the steel wire ropes connected between the lifting rings. The disc spring and the buffer ring form a double buffer system to absorb various impact loads in the reciprocating motion of the balance cylinder device in all directions. The double guide seal of piston guide seal and piston rod guide seal can resist the lateral force of the slider and avoid the seal wear and air leakage. The oil injection of needle valve type oil cup and the lubrication of graphite copper sleeve can reduce the maintenance cycle of the balance cylinder device and improve its service life.

[0035] Specifically, such as Figure 6 , Figure 7 As shown, the combined slider 8 includes an upper slider portion 81 and a base plate 82. The upper slider portion 81 serves as the main structure of the combined slider 8. The base plate 82 is installed at the bottom of the upper slider portion 81. A positioning key and threaded holes are provided on the base plate 82 to assemble the upper slider portion 81 and the base plate 82 into a single unit. An oil collecting groove is provided at the center of the top of the base plate 82. The thin oil from the thin oil lubrication structure 10 collects in the oil collecting groove. A filter is provided next to the oil collecting groove. The collected thin oil flows into the filter to filter out impurities such as copper powder, and then flows out through the oil outlet 104 for recycling. The upper part of the slider 81 has a stepped hollow structure inside. The combined nut 9 is embedded in the hollow part inside the upper part of the slider 81. The inner diameter of the combined nut 9 is approximately the same as the inner diameter of the upper part of the slider 81. The upper part of the slider 81 and the base plate 82 are cast separately using a casting process. Casting is less expensive than casting as a whole. In the later maintenance, the base plate 82 can be removed and replaced while the upper part of the slider 81 remains unchanged. This makes maintenance more convenient and significantly reduces maintenance costs. During transportation, the upper part of the slider 81 and the base plate 82 can be lifted and loaded separately, which reduces the requirements for the factory's lifting capacity and the load requirements for the transport vehicles.

[0036] Specifically, such as Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 As shown, the combined nut 9 includes a locating pin 91, an outer steel sleeve 92, an inner copper nut 93, and a thread 94. The thread 94 includes a thread face 941 and a thread root 942. The outer steel sleeve 92 serves as the main structure of the combined nut 9 and is made of ordinary steel. The outer steel sleeve 92 is embedded in the hollow part inside the upper part 81 of the slider. The inner copper nut 93 is embedded inside the outer steel sleeve 92, ensuring that the upper and lower surfaces of the outer steel sleeve 92 and the inner copper nut 93 are flush. The inner copper nut 93 is made of copper alloy. The outer steel sleeve 92 and the inner copper nut 93 are connected by a triangular thread engagement. Pin holes are provided on the bottom surfaces of the outer steel sleeve 92 and the inner copper nut 93. The locating pin 91 is inserted into the hole to prevent the outer ring steel sleeve 92 and the inner ring copper nut 93 from rotating and rubbing against each other. During later maintenance, only the locating pin 91 needs to be removed and the inner ring copper nut 93 needs to be replaced, which significantly reduces maintenance costs. The thread 94 is located on the inner ring surface of the inner ring copper nut 93, the thread face 941 is located on the side of the thread 94, and the thread root 942 is located at the root of the thread 94. When the press is working, it drives the main screw to rotate forward and backward, drives the inner ring copper nut 93 to rotate forward and backward, thereby driving the outer ring steel sleeve 92 to rotate forward and backward. At this time, the entire combined nut 9 rotates forward and backward, and finally drives the combined slider 8 to move up and down. At this time, the thread 94 is worn, and the thread face 941 and the thread root 942 need to mesh with the main screw of the press.

[0037] Specifically, such as Figure 9 , Figure 10As shown, the thin oil lubrication structure 10 includes an oil inlet pipe 101, a distributor 102, a return oil pipe 103, and an oil outlet 104. The oil inlet pipe 101 is located on the top surface of the combined slider 8. The distributor 102 is inserted into the top surface of the extended portion of the upper part 81 of the slider. The bottom of the return oil pipe 103 is inserted into the bottom plate 82 and is located on the side of the combined slider 8. Oil outlets 104 are provided at the bottom and top of the return oil pipe 103, located above the combined nut 9 and on the side of the bottom plate 82. The thin oil lubrication structure 10 has two symmetrically positioned distributors 102, which force and evenly distribute the thin oil onto the threads 94, lubricating the thread surface 941 and the thread root 942. The distributors 102 need to simultaneously supply oil to five threads. For thread lubrication, thread 94 is located at the thread line. A lubrication point is provided on both the thread surface 941 and the thread root 942. Oil flows out from the lubrication point, completing the layered lubrication function of the thin oil lubrication structure 10. The thin oil lubrication structure 10 uses thin oil for lubrication. Thin oil has the advantages of fluidity and low coefficient of friction. The thin oil flows out from thread 94 and forms an oil film on the surface of thread 94 to reduce the coefficient of friction. At the same time, the thread 94 generates heat and copper powder during use. The thin oil can carry away the heat generated during friction to reduce the temperature of thread 94. It can also carry away copper powder impurities to prevent copper powder deposition and aggravate wear of thread 94. The oil level, oil temperature and oil pressure of the thin oil can be measured by the temperature measuring point on the combined slider 8 and the data is fed back to the central control system to realize centralized monitoring and automatic oil supply.

[0038] The press mechanism of this invention reduces the maintenance and transportation costs of the combined slider by assembling the upper part of the slider with the base plate. An oil collection groove and filter at the center of the top of the base plate collect and filter excess thin oil for recycling. A positioning pin inserted into the pin hole prevents the outer steel sleeve and inner copper nut from rotating and rubbing against each other. The engagement of the threads on the inner surface of the inner copper nut allows the combined nut to rotate in both directions under the press's drive, causing the combined slider to move up and down. A distributor inserted into the top surface of the extended portion of the upper slider forces and evenly distributes the thin oil to the threads. Oil outlets at the bottom and top of the return oil pipeline enable the recycling of the thin oil.

[0039] Preferably, in one specific embodiment, whether the combined slider 8 moves upward or downward, the gas in the gas storage tank 31 is always connected to the gas in the lower balance gas chamber 221 of the balance cylinder assembly 2 through the gas pipe. When the combined slider 8 moves downward, the gas pressure in the lower balance gas chamber 221 increases, exhausting gas into the gas storage tank 31; when the combined slider 8 moves upward, the gas pressure in the lower balance gas chamber 221 decreases, drawing gas into the gas storage tank 31. Because the gas volume in the gas storage tank 31 is large enough, the pressure fluctuation in the lower balance gas chamber 221 is very small. Regardless of whether the combined slider 8 moves upward or downward, the gas pressure inside the cylinder always acts on the bottom of the piston 23. The piston 23 and piston rod 24 are pushed upward. The lower end of the piston rod 24 is locked with the locking nut and disc spring 51 and the combined slider 8, so that the piston rod 24 drives the combined slider 8 to move upward together. The upward thrust of this movement precisely offsets the total weight of the combined slider 8, the upper mold and the connecting parts, so that the combined slider 8 is in a suspended state under force. The stress on the thread surface 941 is reduced to a minimum, the wear is minimized, the probability of thread overheating is reduced, and the service life of the helical pair is extended. The disc spring 51 can provide buffering when the helical pair pushes the combined slider 8 to move, protecting the balance cylinder assembly 2.

[0040] like Figure 11 As shown, in another embodiment of the present invention, a method for a balance cylinder of a press is provided, comprising the following steps: During the standby debugging phase of the equipment, the booster pump 35 is started, and the required air pressure is balanced by the pressure regulating valve 34. The gas is stored in the gas storage tank 31, and the pressure sensor 33 monitors the gas pressure in the tank in real time. After the pressure reaches the standard, the gas is evenly distributed to each lower balance air chamber 221 through the equalization distribution valve 32, which lifts the slider, upper mold and other components upward to complete the self-weight suspension balance.

[0041] During the downward forging operation, the balance cylinder assembly 2 drives the slider to press down, and the piston rod 24 moves down synchronously with the slider. The piston 23 compresses the lower balance air chamber 221, and the pressure inside the chamber rises, generating reverse resistance. The load is greatly reduced, and the workpiece forging process is completed smoothly.

[0042] After forging is completed, the slider returns to its original position. The compressed high-pressure gas expands and releases energy, pushing the piston rod 24 upward. This, in turn, pulls the slider upward, reducing the work done by the main motor. Once the slider reaches its upper limit, the air chamber pressure automatically returns to the preset equilibrium value.

[0043] During operation, the lubrication mechanism 7 works continuously, the needle valve type oil cup 71 supplies lubricating oil to the piston 23, the graphite copper sleeve 72 supports the piston rod 24, and the double guide seal resists the lateral force of the slider, avoids uneven wear of the seal and air leakage, and reduces the probability of cylinder scoring failure.

[0044] During the equipment malfunction protection phase, if the piston rod 24 breaks, the bottom wire rope 42 and the lifting ring 41 will hold the slider to prevent it from falling. When the piston 23 moves upward and approaches the end cover 21, the buffer ring 52 will buffer the rigid impact and avoid the safety risk of the piston 23 hitting the end cover 21 at high speed.

[0045] During routine maintenance, the single-unit balance cylinder assembly 2 can be disassembled and installed separately without disassembling the machine body. The equalization distribution valve 32 can be repaired separately. The air pipeline is easy to disassemble and install, shortening the downtime for equipment maintenance.

[0046] In summary, the press mechanism and method with combined slider and balance cylinder adopts an external multi-cylinder layout, which is convenient for disassembly, assembly and maintenance. It is equipped with a constant pressure air circuit system to boost and stabilize pressure, distribute air pressure evenly, suppress slider deflection, reduce air circuit loss and noise. The combined slider and combined nut adopt a separate design to reduce production, transportation, assembly and maintenance costs.

[0047] Those skilled in the art will readily understand that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A press mechanism with a combined slider and balance cylinder device, characterized in that, include: The main structure of the balance cylinder device includes a balance bar bracket (1), a balance cylinder assembly (2) symmetrically arranged on the balance bar bracket (1), a constant pressure air circuit system (3) located outside the balance cylinder device and installed independently, an anti-fall mechanism (4) embedded in the bottom of the balance cylinder assembly (2), a buffer mechanism (5) inserted into the bottom and inside of the balance cylinder assembly (2), a combined slider (8) placed at the bottom of the balance cylinder assembly (2), and a combined nut (9) embedded in the top surface of the combined slider (8). The combined slider (8) and the combined nut (9) are both designed as separate structures. The balance cylinder assembly (2) includes a cylinder body (22) as the main structure of the balance cylinder assembly (2), an end cap (21) located on the top of the cylinder body (22), a piston (23) located in the inner cavity of the cylinder body (22), and a piston rod (24) inserted into the middle of the piston (23) at the top. The balance cylinder assembly (2) adopts an external multi-cylinder layout, and the balance cylinder assembly (2) is connected to the slider through the piston rod (24). The fall protection mechanism (4) includes a lifting ring (41) inserted into the bottom of the balance cylinder assembly (2) and a steel wire rope (42) disposed between the lifting rings (41). The steel wire rope (42) can pull the piston rod (24) to prevent it from falling. The buffer mechanism (5) includes a disc spring (51) inserted into the bottom of the piston rod (24) and a buffer ring (52) embedded inside the piston (23) and located at the top of the piston rod (24). The disc spring (51) and the buffer ring (52) form a dual buffer system. The combined slider (8) includes an upper part (81) of the slider as the main structure of the combined slider (8) and a base plate (82) disposed at the bottom of the upper part (81). The combined nut (9) includes an outer steel sleeve (92) which is the main structure of the combined nut (9), an inner copper nut (93) embedded inside the outer steel sleeve (92), and a thread (94) located on the inner surface of the inner copper nut (93).

2. A press mechanism with a combined slider and balance cylinder device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The constant pressure air circuit system (3) maintains the air flow rate at 10-20 m / s.

3. A press mechanism with a combined slider and balance cylinder device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The inner copper nut (93) is made of copper alloy, and the outer steel sleeve (92) is made of ordinary steel.

4. A press mechanism with a combined slider and balance cylinder device according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The cylinder (22) includes a lower balance air chamber (221) located on the side of the inner cavity of the cylinder (22) near the end cap (21) and an upper exhaust chamber (222) located on the side of the inner cavity of the cylinder (22) near the piston rod (24). The lower balance air chamber (221) is connected to compressed air, and the upper exhaust chamber (222) is connected to the atmosphere. The thread (94) includes a thread face (941) located on the side of the thread (94) and a thread root (942) located at the root of the thread (94).

5. A press mechanism with a combined slider and balance cylinder device according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The constant pressure air circuit system (3) includes an air storage tank (31) as the main structure of the constant pressure air circuit system (3), a balanced distribution valve (32) located on the side of the air storage tank (31), a pressure sensor (33) located on the outside of the pipeline of the air storage tank (31), a booster pump (35) located outside the air storage tank (31) and installed independently, and a pressure regulating valve (34) located on the top outside the booster pump (35).

6. A press mechanism with a combined slider and balance cylinder device according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, It also includes a guide seal (6) located inside the balance cylinder assembly (2), a lubrication mechanism (7) inserted into the top of the balance cylinder assembly (2) and the bottom of the guide seal (6), and a thin oil lubrication structure (3) located outside the combined nut (9).

7. A press mechanism with a combined slider and balance cylinder device according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The guide seal (6) includes a piston guide seal (61) located on the outer ring side of the piston (23) and a piston rod guide seal (62) located on the contact surface between the piston rod (24) and the cylinder (22). The lubrication mechanism (7) includes a needle valve-type oil cup (71) inserted into the outer side of the top of the end cap (21) and a graphite copper sleeve (72) inserted into the contact surface between the piston rod (24) and the cylinder (22).

8. A press mechanism with a combined slider and balance cylinder device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The guide seal (61) adopts a double guide seal to resist the lateral force of the slider and avoid the seal wear and leakage. The needle valve type oil cup (71) can inject lubricating oil into the cylinder (22) and adjust the amount of lubricating oil.

9. A press mechanism with a combined slider and balance cylinder device according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The structure includes a distributor (102) inserted into the top surface of the extended portion of the upper part (81) of the slider, an oil return line (103) located on the side of the combined slider (8), and oil outlets (104) provided at the top and bottom of the oil return line (103). The thin oil lubrication structure (10) is provided with two distributors (102) in symmetrical positions, which can force and evenly spray thin oil onto the thread (94).

10. A method of using a press mechanism with a combined slider and balance cylinder device, characterized in that, The application of a press mechanism with a combined slide block and balance cylinder as described in any one of claims 1-9 includes: S100: During the standby debugging phase of the equipment, the booster pump (35) is started, and the required air pressure is balanced by the pressure regulating valve (34). The gas is stored in the storage tank (31), and the pressure sensor (33) monitors the air pressure in the tank in real time. After the standard is met, the gas is evenly distributed to each lower balance air chamber (221) through the equalization distribution valve (32), which lifts the slider, upper mold and other components upward to complete the self-weight suspension balance. S200: During the downward operation of forging, the balance cylinder assembly (2) drives the slider to press down, the piston rod (24) moves down synchronously with the slider, the piston (23) compresses the lower balance air chamber (221), the pressure in the chamber rises and generates reverse resistance, the load is greatly reduced, and the workpiece forging process is completed smoothly. S300: When the forging is finished, the slider returns to its original position. The compressed high-pressure gas expands and releases energy, pushing the piston rod (24) upward. It works together to pull the slider upward, reducing the work done by the main motor. When the slider reaches the upper limit, the air chamber pressure automatically returns to the preset balance value. S400: During operation, the lubrication mechanism (7) works continuously, the needle valve type oil cup (71) supplies lubricating oil to the piston (23), the graphite copper sleeve (72) supports the piston rod (24), and the double guide seal resists the lateral force of the slider, avoids the seal wear and leakage, and reduces the probability of cylinder scoring failure. S500: During the equipment abnormality protection phase, if the piston rod (24) breaks, the bottom wire rope (42) and the lifting ring (41) pull the slider to prevent it from falling. When the piston (23) moves up and approaches the end cover (21), the buffer ring (52) buffers the rigid impact and avoids the safety risk of the piston (23) hitting the end cover (21) at high speed. S600: During routine maintenance, the single-unit balance cylinder assembly (2) can be disassembled and installed separately without disassembling the machine body. The equalization distribution valve (32) can be repaired separately. The air pipeline is easy to disassemble and install, shortening the downtime for equipment maintenance.

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