Titanium alloy hub bearing ring forging forming equipment

Abstract

The application is set in the technical field of forging equipment, and discloses a titanium alloy wheel hub bearing ring forging forming equipment, which comprises an upper pressing mechanism, a lower pressing mechanism and a floating constant pressure supporting mechanism; the floating constant pressure supporting mechanism comprises a hydraulic oil cavity, a supporting piston is arranged in the hydraulic oil cavity, and the supporting piston is connected with a lower die assembly at the top end. The hydraulic oil cavity is connected with an overflow valve through a small-diameter overflow channel. When the lower die assembly is in a raised state and the upper pressing mechanism presses the workpiece downward, the supporting piston is lowered, the oil pressure is increased to the opening pressure of the overflow valve, the hydraulic oil is discharged through the overflow channel, and the supporting force is kept constant, so that the workpiece bears constant forging pressure and is not affected by the pressure fluctuation of the upper pressing mechanism. The application has simple structure, high constant pressure precision, and considers both efficiency and quality, and is suitable for superplastic forming forging of difficult deformation materials such as titanium alloy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of forging equipment technology, specifically relating to a titanium alloy wheel hub bearing ring forging forming equipment, which is suitable for superplastic forming forging of difficult-to-deform materials such as titanium alloys. Background Technology

[0002] Titanium alloys possess excellent properties such as low density, high specific strength, high temperature resistance, and good corrosion resistance, and are widely used in aerospace, high-end automotive models, and other fields. However, titanium alloys are difficult to deform, with a narrow forging temperature range and high deformation resistance, making them challenging to form using conventional die forging methods.

[0003] Isothermal superplastic forming is an effective way to solve this problem. This technique requires operating at a constant high temperature with a low and stable strain rate (typically 10⁻⁶). - ²~10 -4 s - ¹) Deformation is performed to make the material exhibit superplasticity, at which point the material exhibits excellent flowability and can fill the cavity under relatively small loads. The challenge of existing technologies is that achieving superplasticity usually requires harsh and expensive pretreatment of raw materials (such as strong plastic deformation, hydrogen permeation, etc.) to obtain an ultrafine-grained structure, which greatly limits the engineering application of this technology.

[0004] To address this issue, the industry has proposed the "stepwise superplastic forming method," which involves controlling deformation parameters during forging (first rapid large deformation, then slow constant-pressure deformation) to refine grains in situ using dynamic recrystallization during hot deformation, thereby inducing and enhancing the material's superplasticity. However, currently, there is a lack of dedicated forging equipment capable of precisely and stably achieving this complex multi-stage pressure control—"rapid, constant-pressure, and final forging"—. Existing presses typically struggle to seamlessly switch from high-pressure rapid decompression to a long-duration, low-speed, constant-pressure holding stage within a single forging cycle, which is the main technical bottleneck for the industrialization of the "stepwise superplastic forming method."

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a new type of forging equipment whose structure can inherently and reliably support the step-by-step superplastic forming process, especially by providing a stable constant force support stage to meet the stringent process requirements of superplastic deformation. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention aims to solve the problem that it is difficult to achieve the "step-by-step superplastic forming method" efficiently and accurately on a single device in the prior art. It provides a forging forming device with an innovative structure that can achieve multi-stage pressure control, especially providing a stable constant force support stage, thereby reducing the requirements for the initial microstructure of titanium alloy billets and improving forming quality and efficiency.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a ring forging forming equipment for titanium alloy wheel hub bearings, comprising: an upper pressing mechanism, including an upper hydraulic cylinder, a floating seat, an upper die seat, and an upper die, wherein the upper die is fixed on the upper die seat, and the upper die seat is fixed on the bottom surface of the floating seat; the upper hydraulic cylinder is fixed to the upper part of the frame and drives the upper piston rod to drive the floating seat to reciprocate up and down along the lifting guide column of the frame; The pressing mechanism includes a lower hydraulic cylinder, a lower mold base, and a lower mold, with the lower mold fixed on the lower mold base; the lower hydraulic cylinder is fixed to the bottom of the frame and drives the lower piston rod to move the lower mold base up and down reciprocally; A floating constant pressure support mechanism is disposed within a fixed base below the lower mold base, and includes a support piston, a hydraulic oil chamber, an overflow channel, and an overflow valve. The hydraulic oil chamber is formed within the fixed base, and its interior is sealed and filled with hydraulic oil. The support piston is sealed and fitted within the fixed base and can slide up and down, with its upper end connected to the lower mold base. The overflow channel is formed within the fixed base, with one end connected to the hydraulic oil chamber and the other end connected to an external hydraulic oil tank. The overflow valve is installed at the outlet of the overflow channel and has a preset opening pressure. The lower piston rod of the pressing mechanism passes through the support piston and the hydraulic oil chamber. When the upper pressing mechanism presses down on the workpiece and the lower piston rod is in a free floating state, the lower die base and the support piston descend accordingly, and the oil pressure in the hydraulic oil chamber increases. When the oil pressure reaches the opening pressure of the overflow valve, the hydraulic oil is discharged through the overflow channel and the overflow valve. The supporting force of the support piston on the workpiece remains constant, thereby keeping the forging pressure on the workpiece constant during the descent of the lower die base.

[0008] Constant pressure principle: When the upper pressing mechanism presses down on the workpiece at a constant speed and the lower piston rod is in a free floating state, the workpiece transmits the axial forming force downward to the support piston, pushing the support piston to sink in the hydraulic oil chamber, and the oil pressure in the hydraulic oil chamber rises rapidly to the preset opening pressure P0 of the overflow valve.

[0009] At this time, the relief valve opens and performs dynamic high-frequency relief yielding, so that the oil pressure in the hydraulic oil chamber is strictly maintained at a constant value P0. According to the principle of force balance, the hydraulic oil chamber is kept constant by the reaction support force Fs acting on the bottom of the workpiece through the support piston, that is: Fs = P0×As (where As is the effective pressure area of ​​the support piston).

[0010] In the quasi-static superplastic forming process, the downward pressure applied to the workpiece by the upper pressing mechanism and the supporting force Fs at the bottom reach a dynamic balance. Therefore, during the entire axial settling and superplastic filling process, the axial forging pressure on the workpiece is completely locked to a constant value Fs by the lower overflow system, and is not disturbed by the fluctuation of the driving force of the upper pressing mechanism, thus realizing precise constant pressure forming of the workpiece in the superplastic rheological process.

[0011] The present invention also includes an oil replenishment system, which includes an oil replenishment channel and a one-way valve. The oil replenishment channel is formed in a fixed base, with one end connected to a hydraulic oil source and the other end connected to the hydraulic oil chamber. The one-way valve is installed at the inlet of the oil replenishment channel, allowing hydraulic oil to flow into the hydraulic oil chamber only from the hydraulic oil source. When the supporting piston rises, a negative pressure is generated in the hydraulic oil chamber, and the one-way valve automatically opens to replenish oil, ensuring that the hydraulic oil chamber is always full of hydraulic oil.

[0012] Preferably, the diameter of the overflow channel is 1 / 50 to 1 / 30 of the inner diameter of the hydraulic oil chamber, forming a throttling structure. This causes a damping effect when the hydraulic oil overflows, suppressing the descent speed of the support piston. This keeps the workpiece deformation rate within the low rate range required for superplastic deformation, eliminating the need for an additional complex speed control system.

[0013] The present invention also includes a multi-stage overflow control valve group, which includes at least two overflow valves arranged in parallel with different opening pressures. Each overflow valve is connected to the hydraulic oil chamber through an independent control channel. Each control channel is controlled by a separate electromagnetic control valve to open and close. Multi-stage constant pressure support is achieved by switching different overflow valves.

[0014] Furthermore, the overflow valve is an electro-hydraulic proportional overflow valve, which is electrically connected to the controller. The opening pressure of the electro-hydraulic proportional overflow valve can be adjusted according to the forging requirements, thereby further improving the flexibility of the equipment.

[0015] In this invention, when the lower die base descends to the top surface of the fixed base, the lower die base stops descending and forms a rigid support. At this time, all the pressure of the upper pressing mechanism is directly applied to the workpiece to achieve final forging, making the material more compact and strengthening its properties.

[0016] The present invention also includes a mold heating system, which comprises an upper mold heating element, a lower mold heating element, an upper temperature sensor, a lower temperature sensor, and a temperature controller. The upper mold heating element is embedded inside the upper mold, and the lower mold heating element is embedded inside the lower mold. The upper and lower temperature sensors detect the temperatures of the upper and lower molds respectively and feed them back to the temperature controller to adjust the mold temperature. This allows the temperatures of the upper and lower molds to be kept consistent with the temperature of the titanium alloy forging billet, achieving isothermal forging conditions.

[0017] The invention also includes a discharge device located on one side of the mold. The discharge device includes a discharge channel capable of accommodating a single row of workpieces. Two parallel distribution channels connect to the end of the discharge channel. A reciprocating blocking mechanism is provided at the connection between the discharge channel and the distribution channels. The reciprocating blocking mechanism includes a reciprocating baffle and a reciprocating pusher guide plate horizontally positioned at the connection. Both the reciprocating baffle and the reciprocating pusher guide plate have openings adapted to the diameter of the workpiece. The reciprocating baffle and the reciprocating pusher guide plate move alternately back and forth. After the workpiece is formed, it is manually or mechanically transferred into the discharge channel. The workpieces can be squeezed together and cooled slowly, which helps to eliminate thermal and structural stress. After a period of time, they can be alternately and equally spaced into the two distribution channels to connect with subsequent processes.

[0018] A swing arm is provided between the reciprocating baffle and the reciprocating pusher guide plate. The middle section of the swing arm is fixed but rotatable, and both ends of the swing arm are movably connected to the reciprocating baffle and the reciprocating pusher guide plate, respectively. Driving one of the components (baffle or guide plate) allows the entire mechanism to move synchronously and orderly.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: (1) Constant pressure forging with high pressure accuracy: This invention achieves constant pressure on the workpiece during forging through the combination of a floating constant pressure support mechanism and an overflow valve, unaffected by pressure fluctuations in the upper pressing mechanism and changes in the workpiece's deformation resistance. The physical characteristic of constant oil pressure after the overflow valve is opened fundamentally ensures the constant support force, and the pressure control accuracy is far superior to that of existing electro-hydraulic servo feedback control systems.

[0020] (2) Simple structure and high reliability: The constant pressure function of this invention is achieved entirely by relying on the physical characteristics of hydraulic components, without the need for a closed-loop control system composed of complex sensors, controllers and servo valves. It is reliable in operation, has a long service life and is easy to maintain, which greatly reduces equipment costs and failure rate.

[0021] (3) Suitable for superplastic forming process: This equipment can connect the three stages of "initial pre-forging", "constant force superplastic forming" and "final forging" in one forging cycle. The realization of the process does not rely on a complex servo control system, but is guaranteed by the characteristics of the structure itself, which has high reliability and low cost.

[0022] (4) Lowering the process threshold and improving the quality of forgings: Since the equipment can promote dynamic recrystallization and grain refinement through the constant pressure stage during the deformation process, it reduces the stringent requirements on the initial structure of the billet. It can use conventional billets to produce precision forgings with uniform structure and excellent performance, which significantly reduces production costs.

[0023] (5) Improve production efficiency: By combining multiple pre-forging and final forging into single-fire isothermal superplastic precision forging, the process flow is greatly shortened, the transfer and reheating between fires are reduced, energy is saved, and production efficiency is improved.

[0024] (6) Wide range of applications: This invention is not only applicable to the forging of titanium alloy wheel hub bearing rings, but can also be extended to the isothermal superplastic forging of other difficult-to-deform alloy materials, and has broad application prospects. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is one of the overall structural schematic diagrams of the present invention; Figure 2 This is the second schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A magnified view of part A in the middle; Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 5 yes Figure 4 A magnified view of part B in the middle; Figure 6 This is the third schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 7 yes Figure 6 A magnified view of part C in the middle; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the discharge device.

[0026] In the diagram: 1. Upper hydraulic cylinder; 2. Floating seat; 3. Upper mold base; 4. Upper mold; 5. Lower mold; 6. Lower mold base; 7. Hydraulic oil tank; 8. Lower hydraulic cylinder; 9. Fixed seat; 10. Mold closing guide pillar; 11. Lifting guide pillar; 12. Discharge device; 13. Workpiece; 14. Mold closing sleeve; 15. Lower piston rod; 16. Support piston; 17. Hydraulic oil chamber; 18. End cap; 19. Oil replenishment channel; 20. Check valve; 21. Overflow channel; 22. Solenoid control valve; 23. Overflow valve; 24. Discharge channel; 25. Material distribution channel; 26. Reciprocating baffle; 27. Reciprocating pusher guide plate; 28. Swing rod; 29. ​​Push-pull handle. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0028] The description of the present invention is merely a structural or even functional description of the embodiments, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by the embodiments described herein.

[0029] like Figures 1-8 As shown, this embodiment is achieved through the following technical solution: A titanium alloy wheel hub bearing ring forging forming equipment, comprising: The upper pressing mechanism includes an upper hydraulic cylinder 1, a floating seat 2, an upper mold base 3, and an upper mold 4. The upper mold 4 is fixed on the upper mold base 3, and the upper mold base 3 is fixed on the bottom surface of the floating seat 2. The upper hydraulic cylinder 1 is fixed to the upper part of the frame and drives the upper piston rod to move the floating seat 2 up and down along the lifting guide column 11 of the frame. The lower pressing mechanism includes a lower hydraulic cylinder 8, a lower mold base 6, and a lower mold 5. The lower mold 5 is fixed on the lower mold base 6. The lower hydraulic cylinder 8 is fixed to the bottom of the frame and drives the lower piston rod 15 to move the lower mold base 6 up and down. A mold closing and docking mechanism is also provided between the upper mold base 3 and the lower mold base 6, which includes multiple mold closing guide columns 10 located on the lower mold base 6 and corresponding mold closing sliding sleeves 14 located on the upper mold base 3.

[0030] A floating constant pressure support mechanism is installed in a fixed seat 9 below the lower mold base 6, including a support piston 16, a hydraulic oil chamber 17, an overflow channel 21, and an overflow valve 23. The hydraulic oil chamber 17 is formed in the fixed seat 9 and is filled with hydraulic oil, with an end cap 18 at the bottom for sealing. The support piston 16 is sealed and fitted in the fixed seat 9 and can slide up and down, with its upper end connected to the lower mold base 6. The overflow channel 21 is formed in the fixed seat 9, with one end connected to the hydraulic oil chamber 17 and the other end connected to the external hydraulic oil tank 7. The overflow valve 23 is installed at the outlet of the overflow channel 21 and has a preset opening pressure. The lower piston rod 15 of the pressing mechanism passes through the support piston 16 and the hydraulic oil chamber 17. When the upper pressing mechanism presses down on the billet and the lower piston rod 15 is in a free-floating state, the lower die seat 6 and the support piston 16 descend accordingly, and the oil pressure in the hydraulic oil chamber 17 increases. When the oil pressure reaches the opening pressure of the overflow valve 23, the hydraulic oil is discharged through the overflow channel 21 and the overflow valve 23. The supporting force of the support piston 16 on the billet remains constant, thereby keeping the forging pressure on the billet constant during the descent of the lower die seat 6. When the lower die seat 6 descends to the top surface of the fixed seat 9, the lower die seat 6 stops descending and forms a rigid support. At this time, all the pressure of the upper pressing mechanism acts directly on the billet, realizing the final forging. The diameter of the overflow channel 21 is 1 / 50 to 1 / 30 of the inner diameter of the hydraulic oil chamber 17, forming a throttling structure, so that the hydraulic oil generates a damping effect when overflowing, suppressing the descent speed of the support piston 16.

[0031] When the upper pressing mechanism presses down on the billet at a constant speed and the lower piston rod 15 is in a free-floating state, the billet transmits the axial forming force downward to the support piston 16, pushing the support piston 16 to sink in the hydraulic oil chamber 17. The oil pressure in the hydraulic oil chamber 17 quickly rises to the preset opening pressure of the overflow valve 23. At this time, the overflow valve 23 opens and performs dynamic high-frequency overflow yielding, so that the oil pressure in the hydraulic oil chamber 17 is strictly maintained at a constant value. According to the principle of force balance, the reaction support force of the hydraulic oil chamber 17 acting on the bottom of the billet through the support piston 16 is kept constant. In the quasi-static superplastic forming process, the downward pressure applied to the billet by the upper pressing mechanism and the support force at the bottom are dynamically balanced. Therefore, during the entire axial sinking and superplastic filling process, the axial forging pressure on the billet is completely locked to a constant value by the lower overflow system and is not disturbed by the fluctuation of the driving force of the upper pressing mechanism, thereby realizing precise constant pressure forming of the workpiece in the superplastic rheological process.

[0032] This embodiment also includes an oil replenishment system, which includes an oil replenishment channel 19 and a one-way valve 20. The oil replenishment channel 19 is formed in the fixed base 9, with one end connected to the hydraulic oil source and the other end connected to the hydraulic oil chamber 17. The one-way valve 20 is installed at the inlet of the oil replenishment channel 19, allowing hydraulic oil to flow into the hydraulic oil chamber 17 only from the hydraulic oil source. When the support piston 16 rises, a negative pressure is generated in the hydraulic oil chamber 17, and the one-way valve 20 automatically opens to replenish oil, ensuring that the hydraulic oil chamber 17 is always full of hydraulic oil.

[0033] This embodiment also includes a multi-stage overflow control valve assembly, which comprises at least two overflow valves 23 connected in parallel with different opening pressures. Each overflow valve 23 is connected to the hydraulic oil chamber 17 through an independent control channel. Each control channel is controlled by a separate solenoid control valve 22. Multi-stage constant pressure support is achieved by switching different overflow valves 23. The overflow valve 23 is an electro-hydraulic proportional overflow valve, electrically connected to the controller. The opening pressure of the electro-hydraulic proportional overflow valve can be adjusted according to forging requirements, further improving equipment flexibility.

[0034] This embodiment also includes a mold heating system, which includes an upper mold heating element, a lower mold heating element, an upper temperature sensor, a lower temperature sensor, and a temperature controller. The upper mold heating element is embedded inside the upper mold 4, and the lower mold heating element is embedded inside the lower mold 5. The upper and lower temperature sensors detect the temperatures of the upper mold 4 and the lower mold 5, respectively, and feed them back to the temperature controller to adjust the mold temperature. This allows the upper and lower mold temperatures to be kept consistent with the temperature of the titanium alloy forging billet, achieving isothermal forging conditions.

[0035] This embodiment also includes a discharge device 12 located on one side of the mold. The discharge device 12 includes a discharge channel 24 that can accommodate a single row of workpieces 13. The end of the discharge channel 24 is connected to two parallel distribution channels 25. A reciprocating blocking mechanism is provided at the connection between the discharge channel 24 and the distribution channels 25. The reciprocating blocking mechanism includes a reciprocating baffle 26 and a reciprocating pusher guide plate 27 horizontally arranged at the connection. Both the reciprocating baffle 26 and the reciprocating pusher guide plate 27 have openings adapted to the diameter of the workpieces 13. The reciprocating baffle 26 and the reciprocating pusher guide plate 27 reciprocate alternately. A swing rod 28 is provided between the reciprocating baffle 26 and the reciprocating pusher guide plate 27. The middle section of the swing rod 28 is fixed and rotatable. The two ends of the swing rod are movably connected to the reciprocating baffle 26 and the reciprocating pusher guide plate 27, respectively. The reciprocating pusher guide plate 27 is connected to the push-pull handle 29. Driven manually or mechanically, the push-pull handle 29 allows the entire mechanism to move synchronously and orderly, i.e., alternating left and right reciprocating motion. After the workpiece 13 is formed, it is manually or mechanically transferred into the discharge channel 24. The workpieces 13 can be squeezed together for slow cooling, which helps eliminate thermal and structural stress. After a period of time, they can be alternately and evenly distributed into the two distribution channels 25 to connect with subsequent processes.

[0036] Workflow: Preparation: Place the titanium alloy wheel hub bearing ring blank on the lower mold 5. Start the heating device to heat the upper mold 4, lower mold 5, and the preheated or heated blank together to the preset isothermal superplastic forming temperature. At this time, the overflow valve 23 is closed.

[0037] The first stage – rapid mold closing: the upper hydraulic cylinder 1 drives the upper mold 4 to move downward, and the lower hydraulic cylinder 8 drives the lower mold 5 to move upward. At the same time, oil is supplied to the hydraulic oil chamber 17 through the oil replenishment system. The upper mold 4 and the lower mold 5 move synchronously towards each other to achieve rapid mold closing, clamping the titanium alloy forging billet between the upper and lower molds. Rapid large deformation is used for initial pre-forging, and deformation-induced dynamic recrystallization is used to quickly refine the original coarse grains of the billet.

[0038] The second stage – constant pressure holding: Under system control, hydraulic cylinder 8 fails and floats freely. Upper hydraulic cylinder 1 continues to descend at a constant speed, applying pressure. Support piston 16 slowly descends, and the oil pressure in hydraulic oil chamber 17 rises to the opening pressure of relief valve 23. Relief valve 23 opens to discharge oil. Because the oil pressure is constant after relief valve 23 opens, the supporting force of support piston 16 on lower die 5 is precisely "locked" at a constant value (this value equals the opening pressure of relief valve multiplied by the effective cross-sectional area of ​​support piston 16). Under this constant supporting force (i.e., constant forging pressure), support piston 16 will slowly and smoothly descend with the downward pressure of the upper pressing mechanism. The billet, under this ideal constant stress and low strain rate (10... -4 ~ 10 - ²s -Within the specified range, sufficient superplastic deformation is performed to uniformly fill the mold cavity contour, while the internal structure is further optimized.

[0039] The third stage – final forging: When the lower die holder 6 descends to the top surface of the fixed seat 9, the lower die holder 6 stops descending and forms a rigid support. At this point, the constant force support stage ends. All the pressure from the upper pressing mechanism acts directly on the billet, making it finally denser and precisely shaped, eliminating any possible micropores, and achieving final forging.

[0040] Finally, the pressing mechanism returns, and the ejection mechanism (not shown) ejects the formed titanium alloy wheel hub bearing ring forging.

[0041] Of course, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and should not be considered as limiting the scope of the embodiments of the present invention. The present invention is also not limited to the above examples, and all equivalent changes and improvements made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention should fall within the patent coverage of the present invention.

Claims

1. A ring forging forming equipment for titanium alloy wheel hub bearings, characterized in that, include: The upper pressing mechanism includes an upper hydraulic cylinder (1), a floating seat (2), an upper mold base (3), and an upper mold (4). The upper mold (4) is fixed on the upper mold base (3), and the upper mold base (3) is fixed on the bottom surface of the floating seat (2). The upper hydraulic cylinder (1) is fixed on the upper part of the frame and drives the upper piston rod to drive the floating seat (2) to move up and down along the lifting guide column (11) of the frame. The pressing mechanism includes a lower hydraulic cylinder (8), a lower mold base (6) and a lower mold (5), with the lower mold (5) fixed on the lower mold base (6); the lower hydraulic cylinder (8) is fixed to the bottom of the frame and drives the lower piston rod (15) to drive the lower mold base (6) to move up and down reciprocally; A floating constant pressure support mechanism is set in a fixed seat (9) below the lower mold base (6), including a support piston (16), a hydraulic oil chamber (17), an overflow channel (21), and an overflow valve (23); the hydraulic oil chamber (17) is formed in the fixed seat (9), and its interior is sealed and filled with hydraulic oil; the support piston (16) is sealed and fitted in the fixed seat (9) and can slide up and down, and the upper end of the support piston (16) is connected to the lower mold base (6); the overflow channel (21) is formed in the fixed seat (9), one end of which is connected to the hydraulic oil chamber (17), and the other end is connected to the external hydraulic oil tank (7); the overflow valve (23) is installed at the outlet of the overflow channel (21) and has a preset opening pressure; the lower piston rod (15) of the pressing mechanism passes through the support piston (16) and the hydraulic oil chamber (17) in a sealed manner. When the upper pressing mechanism presses down on the workpiece (13) and the lower piston rod (15) is in a free floating state, the lower die base (6) and the support piston (16) descend accordingly, and the oil pressure in the hydraulic oil chamber (17) increases. When the oil pressure reaches the opening pressure of the overflow valve (23), the hydraulic oil is discharged through the overflow channel (21) and the overflow valve (23). The supporting force of the support piston (16) on the workpiece (13) remains constant, so that the forging pressure on the workpiece (13) during the descent of the lower die base (6) remains constant.

2. The titanium alloy wheel hub bearing ring forging equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an oil replenishment system, which includes an oil replenishment channel (19) and a check valve (20); the oil replenishment channel (19) is formed in the fixed seat (9), one end of which is connected to the hydraulic oil source and the other end is connected to the hydraulic oil chamber (17); the check valve (20) is installed at the inlet of the oil replenishment channel (19) and only allows hydraulic oil to flow from the hydraulic oil source into the hydraulic oil chamber (17); when the support piston (16) rises, a negative pressure is generated in the hydraulic oil chamber (17) and the check valve (20) automatically opens to replenish oil.

3. The titanium alloy wheel hub bearing ring forging equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diameter of the overflow channel (21) is 1 / 50 to 1 / 30 of the inner diameter of the hydraulic oil chamber (17), forming a throttling structure, so that the hydraulic oil generates a damping effect when overflowing, suppressing the descent speed of the support piston (16).

4. The titanium alloy wheel hub bearing ring forging equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a multi-stage overflow control valve group, which includes at least two overflow valves (23) arranged in parallel with different opening pressures. Each overflow valve (23) is connected to the hydraulic oil chamber (17) through an independent control channel. Each control channel is controlled by a separate electromagnetic control valve (22). Multi-stage constant pressure support is achieved by switching different overflow valves (23).

5. The titanium alloy wheel hub bearing ring forging equipment according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that, The overflow valve (23) is an electro-hydraulic proportional overflow valve, which is electrically connected to the controller and can adjust the opening pressure of the electro-hydraulic proportional overflow valve according to the forging requirements.

6. The titanium alloy wheel hub bearing ring forging equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the lower die base (6) descends to the top surface of the fixed base (9), the lower die base (6) stops descending and forms a rigid support. At this time, all the pressure of the upper pressing mechanism is directly applied to the workpiece (13) to achieve final forging.

7. The titanium alloy wheel hub bearing ring forging equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a mold heating system, which includes an upper mold heating element, a lower mold heating element, an upper temperature sensor, a lower temperature sensor, and a temperature controller; the upper mold heating element is embedded inside the upper mold (4), the lower mold heating element is embedded inside the lower mold (5), and the upper temperature sensor and the lower temperature sensor detect the temperature of the upper mold (4) and the lower mold (5) respectively and feed it back to the temperature controller to adjust the mold temperature.

8. The titanium alloy wheel hub bearing ring forging equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a discharge device (12) located on one side of the mold. The discharge device (12) includes a discharge channel (24) that can accommodate a single row of workpieces (13). The end of the discharge channel (24) is connected to two parallel distribution channels (25). A reciprocating blocking mechanism is provided at the connection between the discharge channel (24) and the distribution channel (25). The reciprocating blocking mechanism includes a reciprocating baffle (26) and a reciprocating pusher guide plate (27) horizontally arranged at the connection. Both the reciprocating baffle (26) and the reciprocating pusher guide plate (27) have openings that are adapted to the diameter of the workpiece (13). The reciprocating baffle (26) and the reciprocating pusher guide plate (27) move back and forth alternately.

9. The titanium alloy wheel hub bearing ring forging equipment according to claim 8, characterized in that, A swing rod (28) is provided between the reciprocating baffle (26) and the reciprocating pusher guide plate (27). The middle section of the swing rod (28) is fixed and can rotate. The two ends of the swing rod are movably connected to the reciprocating baffle (26) and the reciprocating pusher guide plate (27), respectively.

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