A casting device and process for eliminating surface shrinkage in aluminum ingots

Abstract

The application discloses a casting device for eliminating surface shrinkage of aluminum ingot, relates to the technical field of aluminum ingot casting, and comprises a circulating conveyor rack, a casting mold, a liquid distribution support and a cooling support. The application further discloses a casting process of the casting device for eliminating surface shrinkage of aluminum ingot, and comprises the following steps: equipment starting, dynamic pouring, directional cooling and solidification discharging. The application adopts the liquid distribution cover driven by the planetary gear mechanism, the shunt of the outer side of the liquid distribution cover is lifted from low to high in a step-by-step mode to complete the guiding pouring of the aluminum liquid, the shunt is kept close to the aluminum liquid surface during the pouring process, the splashing and oxidation of the aluminum liquid are reduced, the formation of the shrinkage is reduced from the source, and the shrinkage in the aluminum ingot forming process is further eliminated by adopting the mode of downward-to-upward gradient cooling and solidification.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of aluminum ingot casting technology, and in particular to a casting apparatus and process for eliminating shrinkage cavities on the surface of aluminum ingots. Background Technology

[0002] In continuous or batch casting production of aluminum ingots, surface shrinkage cavities (also known as shrinkage pits) are a common quality defect. They are caused by the volume shrinkage (about 6-7%) of the molten aluminum during solidification. If effective shrinkage is not achieved, holes will form. Surface shrinkage cavities not only affect the appearance of aluminum ingots but also seriously affect product quality.

[0003] In existing technologies, eliminating shrinkage cavities in aluminum ingots mainly relies on optimizing process parameters (such as reducing casting temperature and speed) or performing post-casting treatment on the ingots. Common casting equipment often uses fixed ladles or static distribution plates for pouring, resulting in large aluminum melt drop and strong impact force, which easily leads to splashing, oxidation, and air entrapment, deteriorating the quality of the casting starting point. At the same time, traditional cooling methods often involve uniformly spraying or air cooling the entire mold. This cooling mode easily causes the aluminum ingot's perimeter and bottom to solidify almost simultaneously, prematurely closing the feeding channels. This prevents the liquid aluminum in the center and upper part from effectively compensating for solidification shrinkage, thus "locking" the shrinkage cavity on the surface or subcutaneous layer.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to invent a casting device and process for eliminating shrinkage cavities on the surface of aluminum ingots to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a casting apparatus and process for eliminating shrinkage cavities on the surface of aluminum ingots, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a casting apparatus for eliminating shrinkage cavities on the surface of aluminum ingots, comprising: A circulating conveyor frame, on which a circulating conveyor chain is installed; The casting molds are provided in multiple and equally spaced installations on the outside of the circulating conveyor chain; The liquid separating support is fixedly installed above the frame of the circulating conveyor. A liquid separating cover is rotatably installed inside the liquid separating support. A "Z"-shaped liquid inlet pipe is fixedly installed at one end of the liquid separating cover, and the end of the liquid inlet pipe away from the liquid separating cover is rotatably installed inside the liquid separating support. A support rod is fixedly installed at the other end of the liquid separating cover. A swing arm is fixedly installed at one end of the support rod. A transmission sleeve is fixedly installed at the top of the swing arm. The transmission sleeve is rotatably installed inside the liquid separating support. A cooling bracket is fixedly installed inside the frame of the circulating conveyor. Multiple coolant nozzles are horizontally and sequentially installed on the top of the cooling bracket. The coolant nozzles are used to spray coolant onto the bottom of the casting mold to accelerate the solidification speed of the molten aluminum inside the casting mold.

[0007] Preferably, it also includes three sets of diversion ports that are installed around the outside of the liquid distribution hood, and each of the three sets of diversion ports has multiple ports, with a "V"-shaped outlet at the end of each of the multiple diversion ports away from the liquid distribution hood.

[0008] Preferably, it also includes a fixing bracket, which is fixedly installed on the outer top of the liquid separator; A fixed shaft is fixedly installed inside the fixed frame and passes through the middle of the transmission sleeve. A fixed gear is fixedly installed at one end of the fixed shaft, and a transmission gear is fixedly installed in the middle of the support rod. The transmission gear meshes with the fixed gear.

[0009] Preferably, it also includes a drive motor, which is fixedly installed on the top of the liquid separator, and the output shaft of the drive motor is connected to the middle of the transmission sleeve. The liquid inlet hopper is fixedly installed at the top of the liquid distribution bracket, and the top end of the liquid inlet pipe passes through the bottom end of the liquid inlet hopper.

[0010] Preferably, it also includes a molding cavity, which is located inside the casting mold and has a "V" shaped structure with a larger top and a smaller bottom, and the bottom of the molding cavity is provided with a rib.

[0011] Preferably, it also includes a coolant guide channel, which is disposed on the lower surface of the casting mold, and the coolant sprayed from the coolant nozzle flows along the coolant guide channel and exchanges heat with the bottom of the casting mold.

[0012] Preferably, it also includes heat exchange fins, which are provided in multiple and fixedly installed inside the coolant guide groove. The heat exchange fins have a circular groove in the middle, and the circular groove is located above the coolant nozzle.

[0013] Preferably, it also includes baffles, two of which are symmetrically installed at both ends of the coolant guide tank, the baffles being used to guide the coolant in the coolant guide tank to move downwards; The waste liquid cover is fixedly installed at the top of the cooling bracket, and the two guide plates are located above the waste liquid cover. The waste liquid cover and the guide plates together form a coolant recovery structure.

[0014] Preferably, the central axis of the transmission sleeve coincides with the central axis of the top end of the inlet pipe.

[0015] A casting process for a casting apparatus for eliminating shrinkage cavities on the surface of aluminum ingots includes the following steps: Step 1: Start the equipment. The circulating conveyor chain drives the casting mold to move. The casting mold moves to the position below the liquid separator. The molten aluminum liquid enters the liquid separator through the liquid inlet hopper and liquid inlet pipe. Step 2: Dynamic casting. The liquid distribution hood revolves around the central axis at the top of the liquid inlet pipe. The diversion port on the outside of the liquid distribution hood moves to the bottom of the casting mold. At this time, the aluminum liquid enters the casting mold through the diversion port. During this process, the liquid distribution hood and the diversion port are continuously raised so that the bottom of the diversion port is always higher than the liquid level in the casting mold. Step 3: Directional cooling. The casting mold filled with molten aluminum in Step 2 moves with the circulating conveyor chain to the top of the coolant nozzle. The coolant nozzle pressurizes the coolant and sprays it into the coolant guide groove at the bottom of the casting mold. The coolant exchanges heat with the bottom of the casting mold, which forces the molten aluminum at the bottom of the casting mold to be cooled, so that the molten aluminum at the bottom solidifies first, so that the shrinkage cavities are guided upward and converged, ultimately achieving the effect of eliminating shrinkage cavities. Step 4: Solidification and unloading. After the bottom of the casting mold has cooled, it continues to move with the circulating conveyor chain. During this process, the aluminum liquid in the casting mold completely solidifies to form an aluminum ingot. When the casting mold moves with the circulating conveyor chain to the turning end, the solidified aluminum ingot naturally falls off under the action of gravity to complete the unloading.

[0016] The technical effects and advantages of this invention are as follows: 1. This invention employs a liquid distribution hood driven by a planetary gear mechanism. During the pouring process, the distribution port on the outside of the liquid distribution hood is gradually raised from low to high to guide the pouring of aluminum liquid. This ensures that the distribution port is always close to the surface of the aluminum liquid during the pouring process, reducing splashing and oxidation of the aluminum liquid, thereby reducing the formation of shrinkage cavities from the source. Furthermore, by adopting a gradient cooling and solidification method from bottom to top, the shrinkage cavities formed during the cooling and solidification process are guided upward and converged, further eliminating shrinkage cavities in the aluminum ingot forming process. 2. This invention restricts the forming sequence of aluminum ingots by using bottom-forced cooling, ensuring that the aluminum ingots are formed stably from bottom to top. By setting a coolant guide groove at the bottom of the casting mold, the pressurized coolant exchanges heat with the aluminum liquid at the bottom when passing through the coolant guide groove, so as to achieve directional forced cooling of the aluminum liquid. Combined with the "V" shaped cross-section design of the forming cavity inside the casting mold, it ensures that the solidification of the aluminum liquid proceeds stably from bottom to top, thereby effectively solving the problem of shrinkage cavities on the surface of the aluminum liquid. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the frame structure of the circulating conveyor of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the cooling bracket structure of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a side view of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the casting mold structure of the present invention. Figure 1 ; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the casting mold structure of the present invention. Figure 2 ; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the liquid separation support structure of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the liquid separator structure of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the transmission sleeve and fixed shaft structure of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the internal aluminum liquid level at different positions of the liquid separator of the present invention.

[0018] In the diagram: 1. Circulating conveyor frame; 2. Casting mold; 3. Liquid distribution support; 4. Cooling support; 11. Circulating conveyor chain; 21. Forming cavity; 22. Coolant guide trough; 23. Guide plate; 24. Heat exchange fins; 31. Liquid distribution hood; 32. Liquid inlet pipe; 33. Support rod; 41. Coolant nozzle; 42. Waste liquid hood; 211. Rib; 241. Circular trough; 311. Diversion port; 312. Outlet; 321. Liquid inlet hopper; 331. Swing arm; 332. Transmission sleeve; 333. Fixed frame; 3332. Drive motor; 334. Fixed shaft; 335. Fixed gear; 336. Transmission gear. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] like Figures 1 to 10 As shown, the casting device for eliminating shrinkage cavities on the surface of aluminum ingots provided by the present invention is essentially a casting device for eliminating shrinkage cavities on the surface of aluminum ingots by dynamic casting combined with directional cooling.

[0021] In terms of specific structural installation, the structural body can be constructed according to the inventive concept of this embodiment. In this embodiment, no special limitations are imposed.

[0022] In this embodiment, a casting apparatus for eliminating shrinkage cavities on the surface of aluminum ingots includes: The circulating conveyor frame 1 has a circulating conveyor chain 11 installed on top of it. The circulating conveyor chain 11 is powered by an electric motor, which can achieve stable and continuous conveying. The casting mold 2 is provided with multiple molds that are equally spaced and installed on the outside of the circulating conveyor chain 11; The forming cavity 21 is located inside the casting mold 2 and has a "V" shaped structure with a larger top and a smaller bottom. The "V" shaped structure design makes the cooling rate at the top of the forming cavity 21 lower than that at the bottom. The bottom of the forming cavity 21 is provided with a rib 211. The design of the rib 211 increases the heat dissipation area at the bottom of the forming cavity 21, thereby improving the forming speed at the bottom of the aluminum ingot. Coolant guide channel 22 is provided on the lower surface of casting mold 2. Coolant sprayed from coolant nozzle 41 flows along coolant guide channel 22 and exchanges heat with the bottom of casting mold 2. The liquid separating support 3 is fixedly installed above the frame 1 of the circulating conveyor. The liquid separating cover 31 is rotatably installed inside the liquid separating support 3. One end of the liquid separating cover 31 is fixedly installed with a "Z"-shaped liquid inlet pipe 32, and the end of the liquid inlet pipe 32 away from the liquid separating cover 31 is rotatably installed inside the liquid separating support 3. The other end of the liquid separating cover 31 is fixedly installed with a support rod 33. One end of the support rod 33 is fixedly installed with a swing arm 331. The top end of the swing arm 331 is fixedly installed with a transmission sleeve 332. The transmission sleeve 332 is rotatably installed inside the liquid separating support 3. The central axis of the transmission sleeve 332 coincides with the central axis of the top end of the liquid inlet pipe 32. The transmission sleeve 332 and the liquid inlet pipe 32 together form the revolution support structure of the liquid separating cover 31. The diversion port 311 has three sets and is installed around the outside of the liquid distribution cover 31. Each of the three sets of diversion ports 311 has multiple sets. The end of each diversion port 311 away from the liquid distribution cover 31 is provided with a "V" shaped outlet 312. The "V" shaped design of the outlet 312 ensures that the aluminum liquid can still be discharged smoothly when the diversion port 311 is tilted slightly. The fixing bracket 333 is fixedly installed on the outer top of the liquid separator 3; A fixed shaft 334 is fixedly installed inside the fixed frame 333 and passes through the middle of the transmission sleeve 332. A fixed gear 335 is fixedly installed at one end of the fixed shaft 334, and a transmission gear 336 is fixedly installed in the middle of the support rod 33. The transmission gear 336 meshes with the fixed gear 335. The transmission gear 336 and the fixed gear 335 form a planetary gear structure, which ensures that the liquid separator 31 rotates on its own axis while revolving around the sun. The drive motor 3332 is fixedly installed on the top of the liquid separator 3, and the output shaft of the drive motor 3332 is connected to the middle of the transmission sleeve 332. The liquid inlet hopper 321 is fixedly installed at the top of the liquid separator 3, and the top of the liquid inlet pipe 32 passes through the bottom of the liquid inlet hopper 321. Cooling bracket 4 is fixedly installed inside the frame 1 of the circulating conveyor. Multiple coolant nozzles 41 are horizontally installed on the top of the cooling bracket 4. The coolant nozzles 41 are used to spray coolant onto the bottom of the casting mold 2 to accelerate the solidification speed of the aluminum liquid at the bottom of the casting mold 2. It should be noted that the operation of the coolant nozzles 41 is controlled by a solenoid valve and combined with a position sensor to determine the position of the casting mold 2. The coolant nozzles 41 will spray coolant only when the casting mold 2 and the coolant nozzles 41 are aligned. This design can prevent the coolant from spraying through the gap between two adjacent casting molds 2 onto the top of the casting mold 2 and affecting the forming of the aluminum liquid. The heat exchange fins 24 are provided in multiple and are fixedly installed inside the coolant guide groove 22. The heat exchange fins 24 have a circular groove 241 in the middle and the circular groove 241 is located above the coolant nozzle 41. Two guide plates 23 are provided and symmetrically installed at both ends of the coolant guide tank 22. The guide plates 23 are used to guide the coolant in the coolant guide tank 22 to move downward. Waste liquid cover 42 is fixedly installed at the top of cooling bracket 4. Two guide plates 23 are located above waste liquid cover 42. Waste liquid cover 42 and guide plates 23 form a coolant recovery structure. A recovery pipe is also installed at the bottom of waste liquid cover 42 for recovering coolant.

[0023] When using a casting device for eliminating shrinkage cavities on the surface of aluminum ingots according to this embodiment, the circulating conveyor chain 11 moves along the circulating conveyor frame 1 under the drive of its own drive mechanism (motor). The circulating conveyor chain 11 drives the casting mold 2 to move. The casting mold 2 passes in sequence through the pouring station below the liquid distribution hood 31, the cooling work above the coolant spray nozzle 41, and the demolding and unloading station at one end of the circulating conveyor frame 1. When the casting mold 2 moves to the pouring station, the molten aluminum is heated by the heating mechanism (heating furnace) and then enters the liquid distribution hood 31 through the liquid inlet hopper 321 and the liquid inlet pipe 32. Then, it flows into the forming cavity 21 inside the casting mold 2 through multiple diversion ports 311. During this process, the drive motor 3332 drives the transmission sleeve 332 to rotate through the belt. The transmission sleeve 332 drives the liquid distribution hood 31 to rotate through the swing arm 331 and the support rod 33. At this time, the liquid distribution hood 31 revolves around the fixed axis 334. During the pouring process, the liquid distribution hood 31 rotates upward from the lowest point. During the revolution of the liquid distribution hood 31, the diversion port 311 on its outer side moves upward from the bottom of the forming cavity 21 to ensure that the diversion port 311 is always slightly higher than the liquid level inside the forming cavity 21, so as to reduce the splashing of molten aluminum during the pouring process, thereby reducing the amount of molten aluminum mixed with air during the pouring process, and thus reducing the amount of shrinkage cavities formed during the aluminum ingot forming process. As the circulating conveyor chain 11 drives the casting mold 2 forward at a uniform speed, the liquid distribution hood 31 rotates synchronously around the fixed shaft 334. The outlet 312 at the bottom of the distribution port 311 rises continuously and steadily relative to the liquid surface. During this process, the transmission gear 336 and the fixed gear 335 at one end of the liquid distribution hood 31 form a planetary gear structure. Driven by this planetary gear structure, the liquid distribution hood 31 rotates. The distribution port 311 tilts as it rotates with the liquid distribution hood 31. The tilted distribution port 311 pours aluminum liquid through the side of the "V"-shaped outlet 312 to ensure that the aluminum liquid is always poured from the middle of the forming cavity 21. When the casting mold 2 is filled with aluminum liquid, the casting mold 2 moves to the position where it is separated from the liquid distribution hood 31. At this time, the distribution port 311 rotates with the liquid distribution hood 31 to a large-angle tilted state. In this state, the remaining small part of aluminum liquid inside the liquid distribution hood 31 flows naturally to the area between the two distribution ports 311 inside the liquid distribution hood 31 under the action of gravity. At this time, the pouring work is completed. After the casting mold 2, filled with molten aluminum, leaves the pouring station, it reaches the cooling station above the cooling support 4. When the casting mold 2 moves above the coolant nozzle 41, the coolant nozzle 41 sprays pressurized coolant (water) into the coolant guide channel 22. The coolant first impacts the circular groove 241 in the middle of the heat exchange fins 24, and then flows along the flow channel formed by multiple heat exchange fins 24 in the coolant guide channel 22. The coolant exchanges heat with the bottom of the casting mold 2 through the heat exchange fins 24, so that the bottom of the casting mold 2... The molten aluminum is forced to cool preferentially. The molten aluminum inside the forming cavity 21 first solidifies from the bottom and around the ribs 211. Since the cross-section of the forming cavity 21 is a V-shaped structure with a larger top and a smaller bottom, and the top is not forced to cool, the aluminum ingot forms a stable solidification sequence from bottom to top. The solidification interface (solid-liquid phase interface) advances from the bottom to the top. Throughout the solidification process, there is always a pool of molten aluminum above, and through the wide channel formed by the V-shaped space, it continuously replenishes the solidification shrinkage below under the action of gravity (shrinkage compensation), thereby achieving the effect of eliminating shrinkage cavities. The molten aluminum in the casting mold 2 solidifies completely after passing through multiple cooling stations. Then the casting mold 2 moves to the turning point, and the formed aluminum ingot falls off naturally under the action of gravity, thus completing one cycle of aluminum ingot casting. It should be noted that this embodiment only provides the conveying, mold and cooling related structures involved in the aluminum ingot casting process. The heating, melting and conveying of aluminum liquid raw materials are all carried out using publicly available technologies.

[0024] The present invention also provides a casting process for a casting apparatus for eliminating shrinkage cavities on the surface of aluminum ingots, comprising the following steps: Step 1: The equipment is started. The circulating conveyor chain 11 drives the casting mold 2 to move. The casting mold 2 moves to the position below the liquid distribution hood 31. The molten aluminum liquid enters the liquid distribution hood 31 through the liquid inlet hopper 321 and the liquid inlet pipe 32. Step 2: Dynamic casting. The liquid distribution hood 31 revolves around the central axis of the top of the liquid inlet pipe 32. The diversion port 311 on the outside of the liquid distribution hood 31 moves to the bottom of the casting mold 2. At this time, the aluminum liquid enters the casting mold 2 through the diversion port 311. During this process, the liquid distribution hood 31 and the diversion port 311 are continuously raised, so that the bottom of the diversion port 311 is always higher than the liquid level in the casting mold 2. Step 3, directional cooling: The casting mold 2, which has been filled with molten aluminum in step 2, moves with the circulating conveyor chain 11 to the top of the coolant nozzle 41. The coolant nozzle 41 pressurizes the coolant and sprays it into the coolant guide groove 22 at the bottom of the casting mold 2. The coolant exchanges heat with the bottom of the casting mold 2, which forces the molten aluminum at the bottom of the casting mold 2 to be cooled, so that the molten aluminum at the bottom solidifies first, so that the shrinkage cavities are guided upward and converged, ultimately achieving the effect of eliminating shrinkage cavities. Step 4: Solidification and unloading. After the bottom of the casting mold 2 has cooled, it continues to move with the circulating conveyor chain 11. During this process, the aluminum liquid in the casting mold 2 is completely solidified to form an aluminum ingot. When the casting mold 2 moves with the circulating conveyor chain 11 to the turning end, the solidified aluminum ingot naturally falls off under the action of gravity to complete the unloading.

[0025] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A casting apparatus for eliminating shrinkage cavities on the surface of aluminum ingots, characterized in that, include: A circulating conveyor frame (1) is mounted on top of a circulating conveyor chain (11). The casting mold (2) is provided with multiple molds that are equally spaced and installed on the outside of the circulating conveyor chain (11); The liquid separating support (3) is fixedly installed above the frame (1) of the circulating conveyor. The liquid separating support (3) is rotatably installed with a liquid separating cover (31). One end of the liquid separating cover (31) is fixedly installed with a "Z"-shaped liquid inlet pipe (32), and the end of the liquid inlet pipe (32) away from the liquid separating cover (31) is rotatably installed inside the liquid separating support (3). The other end of the liquid separating cover (31) is fixedly installed with a support rod (33). One end of the support rod (33) is fixedly installed with a swing arm (331). The top end of the swing arm (331) is fixedly installed with a transmission sleeve (332), and the transmission sleeve (332) is rotatably installed inside the liquid separating support (3). A cooling bracket (4) is fixedly installed inside the frame (1) of the circulating conveyor. Multiple coolant nozzles (41) are installed horizontally at the top of the cooling bracket (4). The coolant nozzles (41) are used to spray coolant onto the bottom of the casting mold (2) to accelerate the solidification speed of the aluminum liquid at the bottom of the casting mold (2).

2. The casting apparatus for eliminating shrinkage cavities on the surface of aluminum ingots according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The diversion port (311) has three sets and is installed around the outside of the liquid distribution cover (31). Each of the three sets of diversion ports (311) has multiple sets, and each of the multiple diversion ports (311) has a "V" shaped outlet (312) at the end away from the liquid distribution cover (31).

3. A casting apparatus for eliminating shrinkage cavities on the surface of aluminum ingots according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The fixing bracket (333) is fixedly installed on the top outer side of the liquid separator (3); A fixed shaft (334) is fixedly installed on the inner side of the fixed frame (333) and passes through the middle of the transmission sleeve (332). A fixed gear (335) is fixedly installed at one end of the fixed shaft (334), and a transmission gear (336) is fixedly installed in the middle of the support rod (33). The transmission gear (336) meshes with the fixed gear (335).

4. A casting apparatus for eliminating shrinkage cavities on the surface of aluminum ingots according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The drive motor (3332) is fixedly installed on the top of the liquid separator (3), and the output shaft of the drive motor (3332) is connected to the middle of the transmission sleeve (332). The liquid inlet hopper (321) is fixedly installed at the top of the liquid separator (3), and the top of the liquid inlet pipe (32) passes through the bottom of the liquid inlet hopper (321).

5. A casting apparatus for eliminating shrinkage cavities on the surface of aluminum ingots according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The forming cavity (21) is located inside the casting mold (2) and has a "V" shaped structure with a larger top and a smaller bottom. The bottom of the forming cavity (21) is provided with a rib (211).

6. A casting apparatus for eliminating shrinkage cavities on the surface of aluminum ingots according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A coolant guide channel (22) is provided on the lower surface of the casting mold (2). The coolant sprayed by the coolant nozzle (41) flows along the coolant guide channel (22) and exchanges heat with the bottom of the casting mold (2).

7. A casting apparatus for eliminating shrinkage cavities on the surface of aluminum ingots according to claim 6, characterized in that, Also includes: The heat exchange fins (24) are provided in multiple and are fixedly installed inside the coolant guide groove (22). The heat exchange fins (24) have a circular groove (241) in the middle and the circular groove (241) is located above the coolant nozzle (41).

8. A casting apparatus for eliminating shrinkage cavities on the surface of aluminum ingots according to claim 6, characterized in that, Also includes: Two guide plates (23) are provided and symmetrically installed at both ends of the coolant guide tank (22). The guide plates (23) are used to guide the coolant in the coolant guide tank (22) to move downward. Waste liquid cover (42) is fixedly installed at the top of the cooling bracket (4), and the two guide plates (23) are located above the waste liquid cover (42). The waste liquid cover (42) and the guide plates (23) form a coolant recovery structure.

9. A casting apparatus for eliminating shrinkage cavities on the surface of aluminum ingots according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The central axis of the transmission sleeve (332) coincides with the central axis of the top end of the liquid inlet pipe (32).

10. A casting process for a casting apparatus for eliminating shrinkage cavities on the surface of aluminum ingots, applied to the casting apparatus for eliminating shrinkage cavities on the surface of aluminum ingots as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: The equipment is started. The circulating conveyor chain (11) drives the casting mold (2) to move. The casting mold (2) moves to the position below the liquid separator (31). The molten aluminum liquid enters the liquid separator (31) through the liquid inlet hopper (321) and the liquid inlet pipe (32). Step 2: Dynamic casting. The liquid distribution hood (31) revolves around the central axis at the top of the liquid inlet pipe (32). The diversion port (311) on the outside of the liquid distribution hood (31) moves to the bottom of the casting mold (2). At this time, the aluminum liquid enters the casting mold (2) through the diversion port (311). During this process, the liquid distribution hood (31) and the diversion port (311) are continuously raised, so that the bottom of the diversion port (311) is always higher than the liquid level in the casting mold (2). Step 3, directional cooling: The casting mold (2) filled with molten aluminum in step 2 moves with the circulating conveyor chain (11) to the top of the coolant nozzle (41). The coolant nozzle (41) pressurizes the coolant and sprays it into the coolant guide groove (22) at the bottom of the casting mold (2). The coolant exchanges heat with the bottom of the casting mold (2), so that the molten aluminum at the bottom of the casting mold (2) is forced to cool, so that the molten aluminum at the bottom solidifies first, so that the shrinkage cavity is guided upward and completed to converge, and finally achieves the effect of eliminating shrinkage cavity. Step 4: Solidification and feeding. After the bottom of the casting mold (2) is cooled, it continues to move with the circulating conveyor chain (11). During this process, the aluminum liquid in the casting mold (2) is completely solidified to form an aluminum ingot. When the casting mold (2) moves with the circulating conveyor chain (11) to the turning end, the solidified aluminum ingot falls off naturally under the action of gravity to complete the feeding.

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