A full-automatic centering and locking device for lathe machining workpieces

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of machining and workpiece clamping equipment, and discloses a full-automatic centering and locking device for lathe machining workpieces, which comprises a lathe spindle mounted on a lathe body, a clamp base coaxially connected with the lathe spindle and internally provided with a hollow guide cavity, a spring chuck positioned in the front end of the clamp base in an axial direction, and a power transmission assembly slidingly arranged in the clamp base and comprising a power hollow push tube and a disc spring set arranged outside the power hollow push tube, wherein the disc spring set provides an axial thrust for pushing the power hollow push tube towards the spring chuck. By introducing a floating load sharing assembly composed of a convex spherical joint and a concave spherical floating seat at the power transmission end, the problem that a conventional push-type fixed-length spring chuck is prone to causing local shear stress and thus leading to workpiece cracking or deformation when clamping thin-walled or brittle workpieces with slight out-of-roundness is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of machining and workpiece clamping equipment, specifically to a fully automatic centering and locking device for lathe workpieces. Background Technology

[0002] In the manufacturing process of semiconductor equipment consumables and laser optical components, precision workpieces such as quartz rings, ceramic bases, or thin-walled aluminum alloy sleeves often need to be machined. These workpieces are generally characterized by brittle materials or thin walls, making them extremely prone to breakage or clamping deformation under uneven stress. Therefore, strict requirements are placed on the centering accuracy and force distribution of the lathe clamping device.

[0003] Currently, push-type fixed-length spring collets are commonly used in precision turning. These devices use a hydraulic cylinder to push an internal push sleeve, whose inner conical surface compresses the outer conical surface of the front spring collet, causing it to contract. This structure ensures the stability of the workpiece's axial positioning, but its transmission path is purely rigid. Since the surface of the ceramic or metal blank to be machined typically has micron-level out-of-roundness errors, rigid compression concentrates the clamping force on localized protrusions in the workpiece, generating significant shear stress. This can easily lead to internal microcracks in brittle workpieces or cause springback deformation in thin-walled workpieces after machining.

[0004] To address the uneven force distribution caused by rigid clamping, some equipment in the industry incorporates floating structures such as spherical washers or flexible universal joints between the power push rod and the front-end gripper. These floating joints can adapt to the workpiece's shape and contour when the spindle is stationary or at low speed, achieving a uniform distribution of clamping force. However, during lathe cutting, the spindle is typically rotating at high speed. Because the floating structure retains radial freedom, even slight eccentricities in the workpiece's mass are amplified by centrifugal force, causing high-frequency resonance in the clamping assembly within the base. This can damage the workpiece's surface finish, producing chatter marks, and in severe cases, leading to workpiece detachment.

[0005] Furthermore, to address the issue of clamping force loss caused by high-speed spindle rotation, existing lathe chucks are designed to compensate for centrifugal force by using counterweights and lever mechanisms on the periphery. When the spindle rotates, the counterweights move outward, applying an inward supplementary clamping force to the jaws via levers. However, this structure is limited to compensating for the numerical attenuation of the rigid clamping force; the transmission structure remains rigid and cannot solve the problem of workpiece deformation during the initial clamping stage.

[0006] In summary, existing workpiece locking devices cannot simultaneously meet the requirements of flexible load distribution to prevent workpiece clamping deformation and rigid locking to suppress high-speed cutting resonance in a single mechanism. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a fully automatic centering and locking device for lathe workpieces, which solves the problems mentioned in the background section.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a fully automatic centering and locking device for lathe workpiece machining, comprising: The lathe spindle is mounted on the lathe body; The fixture base is coaxially connected to the lathe spindle and has a hollow guide cavity inside. A spring collet is axially positioned inside the front end of the clamp base; A power transmission assembly is slidably disposed inside the clamp base. The power transmission assembly includes a power hollow push tube and a disc spring assembly sleeved on the outside of the power hollow push tube. The disc spring assembly provides an axial thrust that pushes the power hollow push tube toward the spring collet. A floating load-sharing assembly is connected to the front end of the power hollow push tube. The floating load-sharing assembly includes a convex spherical joint and a concave spherical floating seat that is slidably fitted on the convex spherical joint. The concave spherical floating seat moves axially with the power hollow push tube and retains radial floating degree of freedom through spherical sliding fit. The inner conical push sleeve has its rear end face fixedly connected to the concave spherical floating seat, and its front end inner side is sleeved on the outside of the spring collet, which is used to convert the axial thrust transmitted by the concave spherical floating seat into a clamping force that forces the spring collet to contract radially. A centrifugal locking mechanism is provided on the fixture base. The centrifugal locking mechanism includes an L-shaped centrifugal lever, a centrifugal counterweight, and a locking pin. When the fixture base rotates with the lathe spindle, the centrifugal counterweight is driven by centrifugal force to deflect the L-shaped centrifugal lever, forcing the locking pin to radially inward abut against the concave spherical floating seat, thereby eliminating the radial floating degree of freedom of the concave spherical floating seat.

[0009] Preferably, a positioning collar is provided at the front end of the inner wall of the clamp base, and the inner edge of the positioning collar is engaged with the neck edge of the spring collet, thereby positioning and restricting the spring collet axially within the clamp base.

[0010] Preferably, a positioning seat is fixedly provided on the inner wall of the clamp base, and a stepped seat is fixedly provided on the shaft of the power hollow push tube. The two ends of the disc spring assembly abut against the positioning seat and the stepped seat respectively. The disc spring assembly is used to apply a pushing force to the stepped seat and the power hollow push tube in the direction of the spring collet.

[0011] Preferably, the hollow push tube has an axially extending hollow channel inside, and the hollow channel is coaxially connected to the inner hole of the spring collet.

[0012] Preferably, the convex spherical connector is fixedly installed at the front end of the power hollow push tube. The convex spherical connector has an outwardly convex hemisphere. The rear end of the concave spherical floating seat has a concave spherical surface that matches the hemisphere. The concave spherical surface of the concave spherical floating seat fits into the hemisphere of the convex spherical connector, which allows the concave spherical floating seat to deflect at an angle relative to the convex spherical connector while transmitting axial thrust.

[0013] Preferably, a damping ring is nested on the outer circumferential surface of the concave spherical floating seat, the outer diameter of the concave spherical floating seat is smaller than the inner diameter of the clamp base to form a radial gap, and the outer wall of the damping ring is in sliding contact with the inner wall of the clamp base.

[0014] Preferably, the outer peripheral surface of the clamp base is provided with an outer peripheral groove, the side wall of the concave spherical floating seat is provided with a pin hole, the middle part of the L-shaped centrifugal lever is hinged in the outer peripheral groove, the long arm end of the L-shaped centrifugal lever is connected to the centrifugal counterweight, and the short arm end of the L-shaped centrifugal lever abuts against one end of the locking pin; the short arm end is used to press the other end of the locking pin into the pin hole.

[0015] Preferably, the clamp base has a movable cavity in its inner wall that connects the outer peripheral groove and the hollow guide cavity. The locking pin is radially slidably inserted into the movable cavity. A sliding ring is fixedly sleeved on the shaft of the locking pin. A return spring is provided between the sliding ring and the bottom of the hole in the movable cavity. The return spring is used to drive the locking pin to move away from the pin hole.

[0016] Preferably, the inner conical push sleeve has an inner conical surface on its front end inner sidewall, and the spring collet has an outer conical surface on its outer surface that mates with the inner conical surface. When the inner conical push sleeve moves axially toward the front end, the inner conical surface presses against the outer conical surface, causing the spring collet to undergo radial contraction deformation.

[0017] Preferably, the front end of the spring collet has multiple circumferentially distributed strip grooves along the axial direction to form multiple elastic flaps. When the spring collet is not squeezed by the inner conical pushing sleeve, it expands radially outward to reset by the elastic restoring force of the elastic flaps.

[0018] This invention provides a fully automatic centering and locking device for workpiece machining on a lathe. It has the following advantages: 1. This invention solves the problem of conventional push-type fixed-length spring collets, which are prone to local shear stress and cause workpiece cracking or deformation when clamping thin-walled or brittle workpieces with slight non-circularity due to pure rigid transmission, by introducing a floating load-sharing component consisting of a convex spherical joint and a concave spherical floating seat at the power transmission end. It can make slight angular sway during axial pushing to adapt to the workpiece shape, and convert the unidirectional pushing force into a flexible clamping force that is evenly distributed in the normal direction. At the same time, in conjunction with the positioning collar at the front end, it can achieve anti-deformation clamping while ensuring that the spring collet does not back out, and also takes into account the machining accuracy of the Z-axis thickness of the workpiece.

[0019] 2. This invention solves the technical defect of high-frequency resonance or even part slippage caused by the unconstrained floating degree of freedom when the fixture is rotated at high speed by innovatively setting a centrifugal locking mechanism consisting of a centrifugal counterweight, an L-shaped centrifugal lever and a locking pin on the periphery of the fixture base. Conventional centrifugal compensation structures can only increase the clamping force of pure rigidity, while the centrifugal mechanism of this device works in deep coordination with the internal floating seat to maintain the floating load evenly when loading and unloading at rest. When rotating at high speed, the centrifugal force is used to press the locking pin into the concave spherical floating seat for physical interference locking, realizing adaptive mechanical state switching and improving the surface finish of precision turning.

[0020] 3. This invention solves the problem of sliding friction jamming between the floating component and the base when subjected to high load axial movement by setting a radial gap on the outer circumference of the concave spherical floating seat and nesting a damping ring composed of a wear-resistant outer ring and a rubber inner ring. The low-friction damping structure not only ensures extremely smooth internal axial push-pull transmission, but its material elasticity also provides excellent radial centering and reset capability after the floating seat wobbles and is corrected, thereby improving the sensitivity of continuous operation of the device and the service life of the equipment.

[0021] 4. This invention provides mechanical pressure-holding thrust through the built-in disc spring assembly. Combined with the axial through-channel design of the power hollow push tube, it not only realizes the mechanical foolproof safety logic of continuously holding the workpiece in the event of power failure or air failure, but also provides an interference-free fluid channel for the delivery of the machine tool's central air curtain and cutting coolant. In addition, the front spring collet adopts a non-threaded connection structure where the positioning collar directly snaps into the neck, which enables quick replacement of the actuator fixture while maintaining the advantage of axial fixed length, thus improving the processing and changeover efficiency of automated production lines. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the separation of the lathe spindle and the fixture base according to the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the clamp base of the present invention; Figure 4This is a cross-sectional view of the clamp base of the present invention; Figure 5 for Figure 4 Enlarged view of point A in the middle; Figure 6 This is a disassembled schematic diagram of the internal structure of the clamp base of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing the internal structure of the clamp base of the present invention separated. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the clamp base in a centrifugal state according to the present invention.

[0023] The components include: 1. Lathe body; 2. Lathe spindle; 3. Power hollow push tube; 4. Fixture base; 5. Positioning seat; 6. Outer peripheral groove; 7. L-shaped centrifugal lever; 8. Centrifugal counterweight; 9. Movable cavity; 10. Locking pin; 11. Sliding ring; 12. Return spring; 13. Stepped seat; 14. Disc spring assembly; 15. Convex spherical joint; 16. Concave spherical floating seat; 17. Pin hole; 18. Damping ring; 19. Inner conical push sleeve; 20. Positioning collar; 21. Spring collet. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] See attached document Figure 1 -Appendix Figure 3 and attached Figure 4 The present invention provides a fully automatic centering and locking device for machining workpieces on a lathe. The device is mainly installed on the lathe spindle 2 of the lathe body 1. The device includes a clamping base 4 coaxially connected to the lathe spindle 2, and a spring collet 21 axially positioned inside the front end of the clamping base 4. The clamping base 4 has a hollow guide cavity machined inside, which serves as a space for accommodating internal transmission components and for linear sliding guidance.

[0026] See attached document Figure 4 Appendix Figure 6 and attached Figure 7The clamp base 4 has a power transmission assembly that is slidably installed inside. The power transmission assembly includes a power hollow push tube 3 and a disc spring assembly 14 sleeved on the outside of the power hollow push tube 3. A positioning seat 5 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the clamp base 4. A stepped seat 13 is fixedly installed on the shaft of the power hollow push tube 3. The two ends of the disc spring assembly 14 abut against the positioning seat 5 and the stepped seat 13 respectively. When the equipment is powered off or gas is cut off, the disc spring assembly 14 releases its elastic deformation and applies an axial pushing force towards the spring chuck 21 to the stepped seat 13 and the power hollow push tube 3. This structure forms a purely mechanical pressure holding and locking logic, which ensures the safety of the processing process. The hollow push tube 3 has an axially extending hollow channel inside. The hollow channel is coaxially connected to the inner hole of the spring collet 21. The hollow channel provides space for the passage of slender shaft-like workpieces and also serves as a delivery channel for the machine tool's central air curtain and cutting coolant.

[0027] See attached document Figure 4 and attached Figure 7 The front end of the power hollow push tube 3 is connected to a floating load-sharing component. The floating load-sharing component includes a convex spherical joint 15 and a concave spherical floating seat 16 that slides on the convex spherical joint 15. The convex spherical joint 15 is fixedly installed at the front end of the power hollow push tube 3. Its end face has an outwardly convex hemisphere. The rear end of the concave spherical floating seat 16 has a concave spherical surface that matches the hemisphere. The concave spherical surface and the hemisphere fit tightly together. When the power hollow push tube 3 is pushed forward, the spherical mating structure transmits the axial pushing force while allowing the concave spherical floating seat 16 to produce a slight angular wobble relative to the convex spherical joint 15. This spherical sliding fit retains the radial floating degree of freedom, can adapt to the slight non-roundness of the outer surface of the workpiece, and converts the unidirectional axial force into a clamping force that is evenly distributed in the normal direction along the circumference of the workpiece, preventing local shear deformation of brittle or thin-walled workpieces. The outer diameter of the concave spherical floating seat 16 is smaller than the inner diameter of the clamp base 4, forming a radial gap between them. A damping ring 18 is nested on the outer circumferential surface of the concave spherical floating seat 16. The damping ring 18 is made of a composite of a wear-resistant polytetrafluoroethylene outer ring and a rubber inner ring. The outer wall of the damping ring 18 slides and fits in contact with the smooth guide inner wall of the clamp base 4. With this structure, on the one hand, the sliding friction resistance generated between the concave spherical floating seat 16 and the inner wall of the clamp base 4 during axial reciprocating motion is greatly reduced. On the other hand, the elasticity of the material of the damping ring 18 provides the concave spherical floating seat 16 with the ability to center and reset after radial floating.

[0028] See attached document Figure 4 and attached Figure 7The rear end face of the inner conical push sleeve 19 is fixedly connected to the concave spherical floating seat 16, and its front end inner side is sleeved on the outside of the spring collet 21. The inner wall of the front end of the inner conical push sleeve 19 is machined with an inner conical surface that is larger at the front and smaller at the back. The outer surface of the spring collet 21 is machined with an outer conical surface that has the same taper as the inner conical surface. When the inner conical push sleeve 19 is pushed from the rear and moves axially towards the front end, the inner conical surface directly squeezes the outer conical surface, converting the axial thrust into a clamping force that forces the spring collet 21 to produce radial contraction deformation. The front end of the spring collet 21 has multiple circumferentially distributed strip grooves along the axial direction, forming multiple metal elastic petals. When the device is in the unlocked state, the inner cone push sleeve 19 retracts and the radial extrusion force is removed. The spring collet 21 relies on the elastic restoring force of the material of the elastic petals to expand radially outward and reset, providing a radial clearance that allows the robot to automatically pick up and place workpieces.

[0029] Combined with appendix Figure 3 and attached Figure 4 A positioning collar 20 is provided at the front end of the inner wall of the fixture base 4. The inner edge of the positioning collar 20 is directly engaged with the neck edge of the spring collet 21. The left end of the spring collet 21 is not threaded to the fixture base 4. The positioning collar 20 positions and restricts the spring collet 21 axially within the fixture base 4, so that the spring collet 21 is in a fixed axial length state. This structure avoids the spring collet 21 from axially displacing backward when it is squeezed and contracted, ensuring the thickness accuracy of the workpiece and facilitating quick replacement of the spring collet 21 at the front end.

[0030] See attached document Figure 4 Appendix Figure 5 and attached Figure 8 The clamp base 4 is provided with a centrifugal locking mechanism. The outer peripheral surface of the clamp base 4 is provided with an outer peripheral groove 6. The side wall of the concave spherical floating seat 16 is provided with a corresponding pin hole 17. The centrifugal locking mechanism includes an L-shaped centrifugal lever 7, a centrifugal counterweight 8 and a locking pin 10. The middle part of the L-shaped centrifugal lever 7 is hinged in the outer peripheral groove 6 by a transverse pin. The long arm end of the L-shaped centrifugal lever 7 is connected to the centrifugal counterweight 8 made of high-density material, and the short arm end is pressed against one end of the locking pin 10. When the fixture base 4 rotates at high speed with the lathe spindle 2, the centrifugal counterweight 8 is thrown outward by the centrifugal force, driving the L-shaped centrifugal lever 7 to deflect around the central pin. The short arm end then presses the other end of the locking pin 10 radially inward into the pin hole 17. The insertion of the locking pin 10 causes the concave spherical floating seat 16 to form a physical interference lock with the fixture base 4, eliminating the radial floating degree of freedom of the concave spherical floating seat 16. This structure makes the device in a rigid locked state under high-speed turning conditions, eliminating the mechanism resonance caused by the floating gap.

[0031] See attached document Figure 5The fixture base 4 has a movable cavity 9 in the wall between the outer peripheral groove 6 and the hollow guide cavity. The locking pin 10 is radially slidably inserted into the movable cavity 9. A sliding ring 11 is fixedly sleeved on the shaft of the locking pin 10. A return spring 12 is supported and positioned between the sliding ring 11 and the bottom of the hole in the movable cavity 9. When the lathe spindle 2 stops rotating and the centrifugal force disappears, the return spring 12 releases its compression force and pushes the sliding ring 11 upward, driving the locking pin 10 to move away from the outside of the pin hole 17 and retract. After the locking pin 10 retracts, the concave spherical floating seat 16 automatically restores its radial floating load-equalizing capacity.

[0032] Working principle: When loading and unloading workpieces, the external drive device drives the power hollow push tube 3 to move axially backward. This action compresses the disc spring assembly 14. The disc spring assembly 14 elastically contracts between the positioning seat 5 and the stepped seat 13. The power hollow push tube 3 drives the convex spherical joint 15, the concave spherical floating seat 16 and the inner conical push sleeve 19 to retract synchronously. The inner conical surface of the inner conical push sleeve 19 releases the pressure on the outer conical surface of the spring collet 21. The elastic flap at the front end of the spring collet 21 expands radially outward by the elastic restoring force of the material itself, providing a radial gap for loading the workpiece to be processed. After the workpiece is loaded into the spring collet 21, the external drive device removes the tension, the disc spring assembly 14 releases its elastic deformation, and with the positioning seat 5 as the support reference, pushes the stepped seat 13 and the power hollow push tube 3 to move forward. The power hollow push tube 3 pushes the concave spherical floating seat 16 and the inner conical push sleeve 19 to move forward through the convex spherical joint 15. The inner conical surface of the inner conical push sleeve 19 squeezes the outer conical surface of the spring collet 21, forcing the spring collet 21 to contract radially and clamp the workpiece. During the static clamping process described above, the inner edge of the positioning collar 20 engages with the neck of the spring collet 21, restricting the axial displacement of the spring collet 21 and maintaining the axial positioning accuracy of the workpiece. At this time, the lathe spindle 2 is stationary and does not generate centrifugal force. The locking pin 10 remains in the withdrawn state away from the pin hole 17 under the pushing force applied by the return spring 12 through the sliding ring 11. The concave spherical floating seat 16 retains the radial floating degree of freedom. When there is a slight out-of-roundness on the surface of the clamped workpiece, the concave spherical floating seat 16, under the guidance of the damping ring 18, produces an angular deflection relative to the convex spherical joint 15. This action absorbs the local interference allowance, making the clamping force evenly distributed along the circumferential normal of the workpiece and preventing the workpiece from being clamped and deformed. After the clamping action is completed, the lathe body 1 drives the lathe spindle 2 and the fixture base 4 to rotate at high speed. The centrifugal counterweight 8 is thrown outwards by the centrifugal force, which drives the L-shaped centrifugal lever 7 to deflect around the transverse pin in the outer peripheral groove 6. The short arm end of the L-shaped centrifugal lever 7 overcomes the elastic force of the return spring 12 and presses the locking pin 10 towards the central axis. The locking pin 10 slides along the movable cavity 9 and its end is inserted into the pin hole 17 on the side wall of the concave spherical floating seat 16. The physical interference between the locking pin 10 and the pin hole 17 eliminates the radial floating degree of freedom of the concave spherical floating seat 16. The concave spherical floating seat 16 and the fixture base 4 form a rigid locking state. This locking state improves the structural rigidity of the cutting execution end, prevents the workpiece eccentric mass from causing the floating mechanism to wobble when rotating at high speed, and eliminates the resonance pattern generated during turning. After machining, the lathe spindle 2 stops rotating, the centrifugal force on the centrifugal counterweight 8 disappears, the return spring 12 releases its elastic force to push the sliding ring 11 upward, drive the locking pin 10 to move outward and exit the pin hole 17, the concave spherical floating seat 16 returns to the radial floating state, and then the external drive device pulls the power hollow push tube 3 backward again, causing the spring collet 21 to open, completing the entire working cycle.

Claims

1. A fully automatic centering and locking device for lathe workpiece machining, characterized in that, include: Lathe spindle (2) mounted on lathe body (1); The fixture base (4) is coaxially connected to the lathe spindle (2) and has a hollow guide cavity inside; A spring collet (21) is axially positioned inside the front end of the clamp base (4); The power transmission assembly is slidably disposed inside the clamp base (4). The power transmission assembly includes a power hollow push tube (3) and a disc spring assembly (14) sleeved on the outside of the power hollow push tube (3). The disc spring assembly (14) provides an axial thrust that pushes the power hollow push tube (3) toward the spring chuck (21). A floating load-sharing assembly is connected to the front end of the power hollow push tube (3). The floating load-sharing assembly includes a convex spherical joint (15) and a concave spherical floating seat (16) that is slidably fitted on the convex spherical joint (15). The concave spherical floating seat (16) moves axially with the power hollow push tube (3) and retains radial floating degree of freedom through spherical sliding fit. The inner conical push sleeve (19) has its rear end face fixedly connected to the concave spherical floating seat (16), and its front end inner side is sleeved on the outside of the spring collet (21) to convert the axial thrust transmitted by the concave spherical floating seat (16) into a clamping force that forces the spring collet (21) to contract radially. A centrifugal locking mechanism is provided on the fixture base (4). The centrifugal locking mechanism includes an L-shaped centrifugal lever (7), a centrifugal counterweight (8), and a locking pin (10). When the fixture base (4) rotates with the lathe spindle (2), the centrifugal counterweight (8) is driven by centrifugal force to deflect the L-shaped centrifugal lever (7), forcing the locking pin (10) to radially inward abut against the concave spherical floating seat (16), thereby eliminating the radial floating degree of freedom of the concave spherical floating seat (16).

2. The fully automatic centering and locking device for lathe workpiece machining according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner wall of the clamp base (4) is provided with a positioning collar (20). The inner edge of the positioning collar (20) is engaged with the neck edge of the spring collet (21) to position and restrict the spring collet (21) axially within the clamp base (4).

3. The fully automatic centering and locking device for lathe workpiece machining according to claim 1, characterized in that, A positioning seat (5) is fixedly provided on the inner wall of the clamp base (4), and a stepped seat (13) is fixedly provided on the shaft of the power hollow push tube (3). The two ends of the disc spring assembly (14) abut against the positioning seat (5) and the stepped seat (13) respectively. The disc spring assembly (14) is used to apply a pushing force to the stepped seat (13) and the power hollow push tube (3) in the direction of the spring collet (21).

4. The fully automatic centering and locking device for lathe workpiece machining according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hollow push tube (3) has an axially extending hollow channel inside, which is coaxially connected to the inner hole of the spring collet (21).

5. The fully automatic centering and locking device for lathe workpiece machining according to claim 1, characterized in that, The convex spherical connector (15) is fixedly installed at the front end of the power hollow push tube (3). The convex spherical connector (15) has an outwardly convex hemisphere. The rear end of the concave spherical floating seat (16) has a concave spherical surface that matches the hemisphere. The concave spherical surface of the concave spherical floating seat (16) fits against the hemisphere of the convex spherical connector (15) to allow the concave spherical floating seat (16) to produce an angular deflection relative to the convex spherical connector (15) while transmitting axial thrust.

6. The fully automatic centering and locking device for lathe workpiece machining according to claim 5, characterized in that, The outer circumferential surface of the concave spherical floating seat (16) is nested with a damping ring (18). The outer diameter of the concave spherical floating seat (16) is smaller than the inner diameter of the clamp base (4) to form a radial gap. The outer wall of the damping ring (18) is in sliding contact with the inner wall of the clamp base (4).

7. The fully automatic centering and locking device for lathe workpiece machining according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer peripheral surface of the clamp base (4) is provided with an outer peripheral groove (6), and the side wall of the concave spherical floating seat (16) is provided with a pin hole (17). The middle part of the L-shaped centrifugal lever (7) is hinged in the outer peripheral groove (6). The long arm end of the L-shaped centrifugal lever (7) is connected to the centrifugal counterweight (8), and the short arm end of the L-shaped centrifugal lever (7) is pressed against one end of the locking pin (10). The short arm end is used to press the other end of the locking pin (10) into the pin hole (17).

8. The fully automatic centering and locking device for lathe workpiece machining according to claim 7, characterized in that, The clamp base (4) has a movable cavity (9) that connects the outer peripheral groove (6) and the hollow guide cavity. The locking pin (10) is radially slidably inserted into the movable cavity (9). A sliding ring (11) is fixedly sleeved on the shaft of the locking pin (10). A return spring (12) is provided between the sliding ring (11) and the bottom of the hole in the movable cavity (9). The return spring (12) is used to drive the locking pin (10) to move away from the pin hole (17).

9. The fully automatic centering and locking device for lathe workpiece machining according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner conical push sleeve (19) has an inner conical surface on its front end inner sidewall, and the spring collet (21) has an outer conical surface on its outer surface that mates with the inner conical surface. When the inner conical push sleeve (19) moves axially toward the front end, the inner conical surface presses against the outer conical surface, causing the spring collet (21) to undergo radial contraction deformation.

10. A fully automatic centering and locking device for lathe workpiece machining according to claim 9, characterized in that, The front end of the spring collet (21) has multiple circumferentially distributed strip grooves along the axial direction, forming multiple elastic petals. When the spring collet (21) is not squeezed by the inner conical push sleeve (19), it expands and resets radially outward by the elastic restoring force of the elastic petals.

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