A two-way processing method of high-temperature alloy fastener integrating multi-spindle and real-time monitoring

Abstract

The application discloses a high-temperature alloy fastener bidirectional machining method integrating multiple spindles and real-time monitoring. First, the method provides a spindle box, which is provided with a double-cone locking mechanism. An inner cone sleeve outer wall is provided with an annular protrusion. A thrust pressure ring is pushed by a fastening flange end cover, so that the outer cone sleeve is radially contracted along the tapered inner cone surface to tightly clamp the inner cone sleeve, the assembly gap is eliminated, and passive self-locking is formed. A U-shaped cooling circuit is integrated in the spindle box body. A U-shaped channel is formed by the communication of the first, second and third cooling flow channels. A water outlet is arranged on the top of the box body opposite to the spindle hole, and a universal bamboo joint pipe and a reduced-diameter spray head are installed for precise cooling. The side wall of the box body is provided with an installation groove with an inclined bottom surface. A built-in vibration sensor is used to monitor the tool wear in real time. The application is combined with three pairs of spindles to perform bidirectional drilling. Drilling, deburring and chamfering machining are completed under one-time clamping, and the machining precision, the qualified rate and the tool life of the high-temperature alloy fastener are significantly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of precision machining technology for high-temperature alloy fasteners, specifically to a bidirectional machining method for high-temperature alloy fasteners integrating multiple spindles and real-time monitoring, which is particularly suitable for the mass precision machining of GH4169 high-temperature alloy fasteners for aerospace applications. Background Technology

[0002] In the aerospace field, GH4169 high-temperature alloy fasteners are widely used in engine and airframe structural connections. This material possesses extremely high high-temperature strength and fatigue resistance, but it is a typical difficult-to-machine material, experiencing extremely high cutting forces and severe work hardening. Current technology faces four common industry challenges in the machining of GH4169 high-temperature alloy fasteners: First, single-sided drilling easily leads to chip blockage and frequent tool breakage, hindering effective improvement in bidirectional machining efficiency; second, using single-spindle or dual-spindle serial tool changing methods makes it difficult to achieve continuous multi-process production, severely restricting batch production capacity; third, the lack of real-time monitoring methods for tool wear often leads to detection only after the tool has completely broken, resulting in batch workpiece scrap; and fourth, the messy and inefficient cooling systems of the spindle and workpiece further exacerbate machining thermal deformation and tool wear.

[0003] While existing bidirectional drilling and tapping machines can achieve bidirectional drilling, their spindle housings mostly employ a conventional straight cylindrical bushing with end flanges. Due to the unavoidable micron-level assembly clearance between the straight cylindrical bushing and the housing bore, during bidirectional drilling, both spindles are simultaneously subjected to significant radial off-center loads. This easily leads to slight wobble and misalignment of the spindle within the clearance. This wobble not only disrupts the coaxiality of the high-temperature alloy hole but also causes instantaneous tool chipping, severely impacting production efficiency and product yield. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a bidirectional machining method for high-temperature alloy fasteners that integrates multiple spindles and real-time monitoring. This method achieves bidirectional synchronous drilling through a double-conical radial rigid locking mechanism, fundamentally eliminating radial runout. Simultaneously, it employs a three-pair multi-spindle parallel design, integrating drilling, deburring, and chamfering processes into a single clamping operation. Real-time vibration monitoring of tool life is combined with a dual cooling circuit to achieve independent cooling of the spindle and workpiece, thereby comprehensively improving machining efficiency, yield, and tool life.

[0005] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution: A bidirectional machining method for high-temperature alloy fasteners integrating multi-spindle operation and real-time monitoring includes the following steps: S1. A spindle box is provided, wherein the spindle box is provided with a double-cone radial rigid locking mechanism; S2. Perform a pre-locking operation on the spindle box to eliminate the radial assembly clearance and runout of the spindle during bidirectional drilling using the double-cone radial rigid locking mechanism; S3. Clamp and position the high-temperature alloy fastener to be processed; S4. Drive two symmetrically arranged machining spindles to perform bidirectional synchronous drilling on the fastener; during the bidirectional drilling process, the radial clamping force provided by the double conical radial rigid locking mechanism counteracts the radial off-center load generated by bidirectional cutting, ensuring drilling accuracy.

[0006] Further, in step S1, the double-conical radial rigid locking mechanism includes a housing body, a thrust ring, and a flange end cap; an inner conical sleeve and an outer conical sleeve are sequentially fitted inside the spindle bore from the end furthest from the workpiece to the end closest to the workpiece; the inner conical sleeve is an axially extending sleeve structure, its inner bore is provided with a bearing seat for installing the spindle bearing, and its outer wall has an annular protrusion, the annular protrusion being composed of a distal cylindrical section located on the side furthest from the workpiece and a proximal conical section located on the side closest to the workpiece; the outer conical sleeve is fitted outside the proximal conical section, and the conical surface of the inner wall of the outer conical sleeve and the proximal conical section are in conical fit. The outer conical surface of the outer conical sleeve and the inner conical surface of the locking section are in conical fit; the thrust ring is sleeved on the outer wall of the inner conical sleeve at the end away from the workpiece and its end near the workpiece abuts against the end face of the outer conical sleeve at the end away from the workpiece; in step S2, an axial thrust is applied to the thrust ring by fastening the flange end cover, and the thrust ring pushes the outer conical sleeve to slide along the gradually narrowing inner conical surface of the locking section, forcing the outer conical sleeve to undergo radial inward contraction deformation and tightening the inner conical sleeve, eliminating radial assembly gap and wobble; the two ends of the inner conical sleeve abut against the proximal limiting part of the spindle hole and the inner end face of the annular boss integrally formed on the inner side of the flange end cover, respectively.

[0007] Furthermore, the outer wall of the outer tapered sleeve is provided with an anti-rotation keyway, and the inner tapered surface of the spindle hole is provided with a positioning key that slides in cooperation with the anti-rotation keyway; the outer side of the distal limiting part is provided with an outer tapered surface whose diameter decreases from the end away from the workpiece to the end closer to the workpiece, the thrust ring is sleeved on the outer wall of the inner tapered sleeve at the end away from the workpiece, and the end face of the thrust ring at the end away from the workpiece is provided with an inner concave tapered surface that cooperates with the outer tapered surface, the outer tapered surface and the inner concave tapered surface form a one-way wedge-tight fit structure; when bidirectional drilling is performed in step S4 to generate axial reaction force, the inner concave angle of the thrust ring slides and interferes with the angled boss of the flange end cover, converting the axial reaction force into a wedge-tight force that drives the thrust ring to expand radially outward, so as to force the outer tapered sleeve to generate a stronger secondary clamping contraction force, forming a passive self-locking effect where the greater the cutting force, the stronger the clamping force.

[0008] Furthermore, an anti-rotation pin is provided on the end face of the distal limiting part, and an anti-rotation groove is provided on the outer wall of the distal cylindrical section away from the workpiece. When the end face of the distal cylindrical section abuts against the end face of the distal limiting part, the anti-rotation pin is embedded in the anti-rotation groove.

[0009] Furthermore, the axial length of the outer conical sleeve is less than the axial length of the inner conical sleeve, and the outer conical sleeve is only fitted onto the proximal conical section; the inner diameter of the thrust ring is greater than the maximum outer diameter of the proximal conical section, and the outer wall of the thrust ring is in sliding fit with the inner wall of the distal straight section of the main shaft hole; the end of the thrust ring near the outer conical sleeve is provided with a gradually thinning wedge-shaped guide cone surface, and a clearance gap is provided between the wedge-shaped guide cone surface and the inner conical surface of the locking section.

[0010] Furthermore, the wall thickness of the outer conical sleeve is set to gradually decrease along the axial direction from the end away from the workpiece to the end closer to the workpiece, so that it is easy to generate radial inward deformation when subjected to axial thrust.

[0011] Furthermore, the spindle housing integrates a U-shaped cooling circuit, which includes a first cooling channel, a second cooling channel, and a third cooling channel. The first cooling channel is a transverse through-hole opened along the length of the spindle housing, located above the spindle bore and on the side of the spindle housing away from the workpiece. One end serves as a water inlet, and the other end is threaded with a sealing plug. The second cooling channel is opened along the width of the spindle housing, with a sealing plug at its opening near the workpiece, and the other end communicates with the first cooling channel. The third cooling channel is located on the side of the spindle housing near the workpiece, with a sealing plug at one end and the other end communicates with the second cooling channel. The top of the spindle housing is provided with a water outlet directly opposite each spindle bore. Each water outlet is equipped with a universal bamboo tube, and a reducing nozzle is installed at the outlet of the universal bamboo tube. Each universal bamboo tube points towards the workpiece processing area.

[0012] Furthermore, a mounting groove is provided on the side wall of the spindle housing away from the workpiece. The bottom surface of the mounting groove is inclined and tilted downwards towards the workpiece. A vibration sensor is installed in the mounting groove. The vibration sensor is used to collect vibration data in real time during the machining process. When the vibration data exceeds a preset threshold, a tool change warning signal is issued.

[0013] Further, in step S3, the high-temperature alloy fastener to be processed is clamped and positioned by a clamping and positioning mechanism; the clamping and positioning mechanism is mounted on the Y-axis slide, and the two sets of machining spindles are respectively mounted on two oppositely arranged X-axis slides; the spindle box is provided with three pairs of six machining spindles in total, namely a first pair of tools, a second pair of tools, and a third pair of tools; the first pair of tools is used to perform bidirectional synchronous drilling on the head of the fastener; the second pair of tools is used to deburr the hole opening and hole wall; the third pair of tools is used to chamfer the edge of the fastener head; the three pairs of machining spindles are arranged parallel to each other along the X-axis direction to form a multi-spindle hole parallel machining structure; after step S4, the following steps are also included: S5. By driving the Y-axis slide to move the clamping and positioning mechanism, the fasteners after drilling are aligned with the second pair of tools and the third pair of tools in sequence, and the two X-axis slides are driven to feed the corresponding spindles to complete the deburring and chamfering processes in sequence.

[0014] Furthermore, during the chamfering process in step S5, the clamping and positioning mechanism is driven to rotate by the rotary drive mechanism to adjust the chamfering surface of the fastener head edge; before or during step S5, the clamping and positioning mechanism is driven to move in the vertical direction by the Z-axis lifting mechanism to adapt to the processing steps at different height positions.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention employs bidirectional synchronous drilling technology, utilizing the double-conical surface mechanism of the anti-eccentric load spindle box to actively eliminate the radial clearance of the spindle, fundamentally solving the problems of bidirectional sway and chip blockage. While improving the machining accuracy of the anti-rotation hole, it also increases the drilling efficiency several times over compared to single-sided drilling.

[0016] This invention utilizes a U-shaped cooling circuit integrated inside the spindle housing, with the first, second, and third cooling channels sequentially connected to form a U-shaped channel. Combined with a universal bamboo-joint tube and a reduced-diameter nozzle, it achieves concentrated and directional cooling of the corresponding machining points of the three spindle holes, effectively reducing cutting heat and extending tool life. At the same time, each cooling channel is sealed with a plug, resulting in a compact structure and convenient processing.

[0017] This invention enables real-time monitoring and early warning of tool wear during machining by installing a vibration sensor in a mounting groove with an inclined bottom surface on the side of the spindle housing away from the workpiece. The inclined bottom surface effectively prevents the accumulation of cutting fluid or impurities, ensuring the detection accuracy and service life of the sensor.

[0018] This invention, through a three-to-many parallel spindle design, can complete bidirectional drilling, deburring, and chamfering in a single clamping, completely eliminating the efficiency loss and accuracy deviation caused by traditional serial tool changing and repeated clamping, and significantly improving batch production capacity.

[0019] This invention achieves a passive physical self-locking effect by using the "angled boss and concave angle" fit between the thrust ring and the annular boss. This results in a stronger clamping force on the outer tapered sleeve as the cutting reaction force increases, providing a high-rigidity spindle support for high-temperature alloy machining. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the two sets of spindle boxes arranged in a mirror-symmetrical manner according to the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection of the machining table, X / Y axis slide, and clamping and positioning mechanism of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the spindle box of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a top view of the spindle box of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A cross-sectional view along the AA direction.

[0025] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A sectional view after all components have been installed inside the spindle bore.

[0026] Figure 7 for Figure 6 A magnified view of a section at point B.

[0027] Figure 8 for Figure 6 A magnified view of a section at point C.

[0028] Figure 9 for Figure 4 A cross-sectional view along the DD direction.

[0029] Figure 10 for Figure 9 A cross-sectional view along the EE direction.

[0030] The figure shows: 1-Box body; 2-X-axis slide; 3-Flange end cover; 5-Rotary drive mechanism; 6-Z-axis lifting mechanism; 7-Feeding and unloading mechanism; 8-Spindle box; 9-Spindle; 10-Machining table; 11-Spindle bore; 111-Locking section; 112-Far end straight section; 113-Proximal end straight section; 12-Proximal end limiting part; 13-Far end limiting part; 14-Y-axis slide; 15-Guide rail; 18- Clamping and positioning mechanism; 21-Inner conical sleeve; 22-Outer conical sleeve; 23-Thrust ring; 24-Anti-rotation groove; 25-Anti-rotation pin; 26-Annular guide chamfer; 27-Annular protrusion; 271-Proximal conical section; 272-Distal cylindrical section; 28-First cooling channel; 281-Inlet; 29-Second cooling channel; 30-Third cooling channel; 31-Sealing plug; 32-Outlet; 33-Mounting groove. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The following specific embodiments illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The described embodiments are merely some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] It should be understood that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc., depicted in the accompanying drawings of this specification are merely for illustrative purposes to aid those skilled in the art in understanding and reading the content disclosed herein, and are not intended to limit the conditions under which the invention can be implemented. Therefore, they have no substantial technical significance. Any modifications to the structure, changes in proportions, or adjustments to the size, without affecting the effects and objectives achieved by the invention, should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed herein. Furthermore, the terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and "middle" used in this specification are merely for clarity and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Changes or adjustments to their relative relationships, without substantially altering the technical content, should also be considered within the scope of the invention's implementation.

[0033] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances. Example 1

[0034] like Figures 1 to 10As shown, the present invention provides a bidirectional machining method for high-temperature alloy fasteners integrating multiple spindles and real-time monitoring. Its core execution component is a spindle box with a double-cone radial rigid locking mechanism. The spindle box includes a housing body 1, on which a spindle shaft hole 11 is provided. The axis of the spindle shaft hole 11 is arranged horizontally for mounting a transverse feed spindle.

[0035] In this embodiment, to facilitate the assembly of the inner tapered sleeve 21 and the outer tapered sleeve 22, the spindle bore 11 is specifically machined into a three-section stepped bore structure, which consists of a near-end straight cylindrical section 113, a locking section 111, and a far-end straight cylindrical section 112, arranged sequentially from the end closer to the workpiece (proximal end) to the end farther from the workpiece (distal end). The locking section 111 has an inner tapered surface whose diameter gradually decreases from the distal end to the proximal end. The inner bore of the near-end straight cylindrical section 113 accommodates the proximal straight end of the inner tapered sleeve 21 and provides a sealed mounting space for the spindle front end; the inner bore of the far-end straight cylindrical section 112 accommodates the distal straight end of the inner tapered sleeve 21 and components such as the thrust ring 23, with the outer wall of the thrust ring 23 slidingly fitted against the inner wall of the far-end straight cylindrical section 112. To avoid assembly interference, the inner diameter of the distal straight section 112 is larger than the outer diameter of the distal straight section of the inner conical sleeve 21, and an assembly clearance is reserved between them to allow the proximal conical section 271 in the middle of the inner conical sleeve 21 to pass through; while the inner diameter of the proximal straight section 113 is in close fit with the outer diameter of the proximal straight section of the inner conical sleeve 21 to ensure the stability of the proximal positioning.

[0036] An inner tapered sleeve 21 and an outer tapered sleeve 22 are sequentially fitted inside the spindle hole 11 from the end furthest from the workpiece (far end) to the end closest to the workpiece (near end). The inner tapered sleeve 21 is an axially extending long sleeve structure. The distal end of the inner tapered sleeve 21 does not contact the inner side of the flange end cover 3. The inner hole of the inner tapered sleeve 21 is provided with a bearing seat for installing the spindle bearing, and its outer wall is also integrally provided with an annular protrusion 27. The annular protrusion 27 is composed of a distal cylindrical section 272 and a proximal conical section 271. The proximal conical section 271 is located on the side of the annular protrusion 27 closer to the workpiece. The proximal conical section 271 is a conical surface with a diameter that gradually decreases from the end away from the workpiece to the end closer to the workpiece. The outer diameter of the distal cylindrical section 272 is larger than the outer diameter of the straight section of the inner tapered sleeve 21. The distal cylindrical section 272 is located on the side of the annular protrusion 27 away from the workpiece, and the outer diameter of the distal cylindrical section 272 is larger than the outer diameter of the straight section of the inner tapered sleeve 21. During assembly, the distal cylindrical section 272 is used to provide sliding guidance for the thrust ring 23 sleeved on its outer side.

[0037] The inner bore of the inner tapered sleeve 21 is a stepped countersunk hole structure. The end closer to the workpiece has a front bearing housing expansion hole, and the end further from the workpiece has a rear bearing housing expansion hole. A spindle through-hole with an inner diameter smaller than the expansion hole is located in the middle section between the two expansion holes. During assembly, the high-precision front and rear bearings are press-fitted into the front and rear bearing housing expansion holes using either hot or cold fitting processes, and axially abut against the internal steps between the expansion holes and the spindle through-hole. The spindle passes through this spindle through-hole and is simultaneously supported by the inner rings of the front and rear bearings. A 0.1mm to 0.3mm floating clearance is maintained between the outer wall of the spindle and the inner wall of the spindle through-hole to prevent friction between the spindle and the inner tapered sleeve 21 during high-speed rotation.

[0038] The outer tapered sleeve 22 is an axially oriented annular sleeve. It is fitted only on the outer side of the proximal tapered section 271, and its axial length is less than that of the inner tapered sleeve 21. Both the inner and outer walls of the outer tapered sleeve 22 have tapered surfaces. The tapered surface of the inner wall of the outer tapered sleeve 22 fits snugly against the tapered surface of the proximal tapered section 271, while the tapered surface of the outer wall of the outer tapered sleeve 22 fits snugly against the inner tapered surface of the spindle hole locking section 111. Furthermore, to ensure effective thrust transmission, after assembly, the outer diameter of the end face of the outer tapered sleeve 22 furthest from the workpiece is larger than the outer diameter of the straight section of the inner tapered sleeve 21. This allows the front end face of the thrust ring 23 to smoothly abut against the end face of the outer tapered sleeve 22, thereby achieving reliable thrust transmission.

[0039] The wall thickness of the outer tapered sleeve 22 gradually decreases from the far end to the near end along the axial direction, making it easier to undergo radial inward deformation when subjected to axial thrust. The end face edge of the outer tapered sleeve 22 near the workpiece is provided with an annular guide chamfer 26 that gradually tapers from the outer wall tapered surface to the end face. This guide chamfer forms a smooth radially expanding wedge surface, so that when the outer tapered sleeve 22 is pushed by the thrust ring 23, its near end can smoothly slide into the tapered inner tapered surface of the locking section 111, effectively avoiding assembly interference and stress concentration.

[0040] It is particularly important to emphasize that the outer conical sleeve 22 in this embodiment is a complete, seamless, continuous annular sleeve structure to achieve uniform radial elastic deformation of 360 degrees. To ensure that the outer conical sleeve 22 can generate micron-level radial contraction deformation and fully elastically recover without plastic deformation under long-term repeated stress, the outer conical sleeve 22 is made of alloy steel with a high elastic limit, preferably GCr15 bearing steel or 65Mn spring steel. After processing and forming, the outer conical sleeve 22 needs to undergo a quenching and tempering heat treatment process to control its hardness between HRC 45-52, so as to obtain excellent elastic deformation capacity and fatigue strength.

[0041] To ensure that the inner tapered sleeve 21 does not undergo axial displacement during locking, the housing body 1 is provided with a proximal limiting part 12 and a distal limiting part 13. Specifically, the proximal limiting part 12 is an inwardly protruding annular step located at the opening of the spindle bore 11 near the workpiece. The end face of the inner tapered sleeve 21 near the workpiece smoothly abuts against this step. The inner side of the flange end cover 3 is integrally formed with an annular boss extending axially into the spindle bore 11. The inner end face of this annular boss, serving as the distal limiting part 13, directly abuts against the end face of the distal cylindrical section 272 away from the workpiece, thereby achieving rigid axial limiting of the inner tapered sleeve 21.

[0042] At the end of the housing body 1 furthest from the workpiece, a flange end cap 3 is independently fixed at the position corresponding to each spindle bore 11. Since the spindle bore 11 has a distal straight cylindrical section 112 at the distal end of the locking section 111, the distal straight cylindrical section of the inner tapered sleeve 21 passes through this annular boss. The thrust ring 23 is an annular component axially fitted onto the outer wall of the distal straight cylindrical section of the inner tapered sleeve 21. The thrust ring 23 is located outside the annular boss, and the concave angle of the end face of the thrust ring 23 abuts against the angled boss of the annular boss. The inner diameter of the thrust ring 23 is larger than the maximum outer diameter of the proximal conical section 271, allowing the thrust ring 23 to pass unimpeded over the annular protrusion 27 in the middle of the inner tapered sleeve 21. The thrust ring 23 has a gradually thinning wedge-shaped guide cone surface at one end near the outer cone sleeve 22, meaning the wall thickness at this end gradually decreases from the side away from the workpiece to the side closer to the workpiece, forming an annular guide wedge. During assembly and locking, this wedge-shaped guide cone surface extends into the inner hole of the locking section 111. Specifically, a clearance gap is provided between the wedge-shaped guide cone surface and the inner cone surface of the locking section 111, so they do not contact each other. The thrust ring 23 is guided only by the sliding fit between its outer wall and the distal straight section 112, and finally its front end face abuts against the end face of the outer cone sleeve 22 on the side away from the workpiece.

[0043] When the operator fastens the flange end cap 3 to the housing body 1 using hex bolts, the axial thrust generated by the flange end cap 3 is transmitted to the thrust ring 23 through an angled fit (the outer conical surface of the distal limiting part 13 slides into the concave conical surface of the thrust ring 23). The thrust ring 23 pushes the outer conical sleeve 22 to slide closer to the workpiece. Because the inner conical surface of the outer conical sleeve 22 is tightly attached to the proximal conical section 271, and its outer conical surface is subjected to the physical limit compression of the gradually narrowing inner conical surface of the locking section 111, the outer conical sleeve 22 can only be forced to undergo physical radial inward contraction deformation when it moves forward. This radial contraction force is transmitted synchronously and evenly through the inner conical surface of the outer conical sleeve 22 to the proximal conical section 271 integrally formed on the outer wall of the inner conical sleeve 21, thereby radially tightening the inner conical sleeve 21. During this process, since the proximal end face of the inner tapered sleeve 21 is blocked by the proximal limiting part 12, and the distal cylindrical section 272 integrally formed on its outer wall is firmly blocked by the distal limiting part 13, the inner tapered sleeve 21 will never have any axial displacement. This ensures that the present invention eliminates all micron-level assembly gaps between the outer tapered sleeve 22, the inner tapered sleeve 21 and the main shaft hole 11, while also ensuring that the bearing seat is subjected to uniform force and will not experience thermal expansion and collapse. Example 2

[0044] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that: To further resist the severe drilling reaction force generated by the high-temperature alloy during bidirectional drilling, the present invention provides an outer conical surface with a diameter decreasing from the end away from the workpiece to the end closer to the workpiece on the outer side of the distal limiting part 13 integrally formed on the inner side of the flange end cover 3. The outer conical surface has an annular structure with its inclined surface facing the side closer to the workpiece. The end face of the distal cylindrical section 272 away from the workpiece abuts against the inner end face of the outer conical surface. The end face of the thrust ring 23 away from the workpiece is provided with an inner concave conical surface that cooperates with the outer conical surface. The inner concave conical surface has an annular inclined surface facing the side away from the workpiece. The outer conical surface and the inner concave conical surface form a one-way wedge-tight fit structure.

[0045] When the spindle is drilling in both directions and the workpiece generates a huge axial reaction force on the spindle, the distal end face of the cylindrical section 272 on the outer wall of the inner tapered sleeve 21 is rigidly held in place by the inner side of the flange end cover 3 and cannot retract. This axial force is converted into axial pressure on the outer tapered sleeve 22 through the tapered surface fit. Under the combined action of the tapered surface slope and high-frequency cutting vibration, the outer tapered sleeve 22 itself will generate a micron-level tendency to spring back or creep towards the distal end. This tendency pushes the thrust ring 23 to move slightly towards the distal end. During the movement, the concave conical surface of the end face of the thrust ring 23 slides and interferes with the outer conical surface of the inner far end limiting part 13 of the flange end cover 3, converting the backward yielding force into a wedge force that drives the thrust ring 23 to expand radially outward. This radial wedge force supports the end face of the outer conical sleeve 22 outward, forcing the outer conical sleeve 22 to generate a stronger clamping contraction force, forming a passive self-locking effect where the greater the cutting reaction force, the stronger the radial clamping force of the outer conical sleeve, thus completely eliminating axial yielding of the spindle during heavy-duty high-temperature alloy cutting. Example 3

[0046] The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 or 2 is that: To prevent the inner tapered sleeve 21 from rotating circumferentially due to the clamping force of the outer tapered sleeve 22 or the high-speed rotation of the spindle, an anti-rotation pin 25 is provided on the end face of the distal limiting part 13, and an anti-rotation groove 24 is provided on the outer wall of the distal cylindrical section 272 away from the workpiece. When the end face of the distal cylindrical section 272 abuts against the end face of the distal limiting part 13, the anti-rotation pin 25 is embedded in the anti-rotation groove 24, thereby achieving circumferential rigid locking between the inner tapered sleeve 21 and the housing body 1, ensuring that the inner tapered sleeve 21 does not slide circumferentially. Example 4

[0047] This embodiment adds the following settings to any one of embodiments 1-3: like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, in this embodiment, the spindle boxes are symmetrically mounted on the machining table 10. The machining table 10 has two X-axis slides 2 and one Y-axis slide 14. Spindle boxes 8 are mounted on the two X-axis slides 2 respectively. Three pairs of machining spindles 9 are symmetrically arranged inside the spindle boxes 8, forming a multi-spindle parallel machining layout. The three pairs of spindles 9 are respectively a first pair of tools for bidirectional drilling, a second pair of tools for deburring, and a third pair of tools for chamfering. In the actual processing, the GH4169 high-temperature alloy bolt to be processed is first fed to the clamping and positioning mechanism 18 using a conventional feeding method. Then, the two X-axis slides 2 are driven to move towards each other, so that the first pair of tools can drill the bolt synchronously in both directions, and chips are removed from both sides at the same time, effectively solving the problem of easy clogging of chip removal when drilling on one side. After drilling is completed, the Y-axis slide 14 is driven to move the clamping and positioning mechanism 18 longitudinally, moving the workpiece to the position of the second pair of tools for deburring. Then, the Y-axis slide 14 is driven to move again, and the rotary drive mechanism 5 is started to rotate the workpiece to the position to be chamfered, driving the third pair of tools to chamfer. The entire processing only requires one clamping, completely eliminating the waiting time for serial tool changes.

[0048] like Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, a U-shaped cooling circuit is integrated inside the spindle housing 1. First, a transverse through hole is drilled along the length of the spindle housing 1, above the spindle bore 11, to serve as a first cooling channel 28. This first cooling channel 28 penetrates both side walls of the spindle housing 1 along its length, with one end serving as a first water inlet 281 and the other end threadedly connected to a sealing plug 31 for sealing. The first cooling channel 28 is located on the side of the spindle housing 1 furthest from the workpiece. Second, a second cooling channel 29 is drilled along the width of the spindle housing 1 (parallel to the spindle bore 11) from the side wall of the spindle housing 1 closest to the workpiece. Drilling stops when the end of the second cooling channel 29 extends to connect with the first cooling channel 28. The opening of the second cooling channel 29 closest to the workpiece is also threadedly connected to a sealing plug 31 for sealing. Next, on the same side as the water inlet 281 of the spindle housing 1, another transverse through hole is drilled along the length of the spindle housing 1 to serve as the third cooling channel 30. This third cooling channel 30 is located on the side of the spindle housing 1 closest to the workpiece, and its other end extends to connect with the second cooling channel 29 before drilling stops. The end of the third cooling channel 30 on the same side as the water inlet is also threadedly connected to a sealing plug 31 for sealing. In this way, the first cooling channel 28, the second cooling channel 29, and the third cooling channel 30 are sequentially connected inside the housing, forming a U-shaped cooling medium channel.

[0049] At the top of the spindle housing 1, above the third cooling channel 30, three water outlets 32 are vertically drilled opposite each spindle bore 11, with each outlet 32 ​​corresponding to one of the three spindle bores. In use, a universal bamboo-joint tube is installed inside each of the three outlets 32, and a reducing nozzle is installed at the outlet of each tube. The operator can flexibly adjust the angle of the three universal bamboo-joint tubes according to the actual machining position, so that the three reducing nozzles point towards the workpiece machining area between a pair of spindles, achieving precise and efficient cooling of the drilling, deburring, and chamfering areas of high-temperature alloy fasteners.

[0050] like Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, a mounting groove 33 is pre-set on the side wall of the spindle housing 1 away from the workpiece, and the vibration sensor is installed in the mounting groove 33. The bottom surface of the mounting groove 33 is inclined, with the inclination direction being downward towards the workpiece. This inclined bottom surface can effectively prevent cutting fluid or metal chips from accumulating in the groove, ensuring the normal operation of the sensor and extending its service life. At the same time, vibration signals are collected in real time by vibration sensors installed on each machining spindle 9. When the vibration amplitude exceeds a preset threshold, the system automatically alarms and prompts for tool replacement, realizing real-time monitoring and proactive maintenance of tool life.

[0051] After processing, the finished product is removed and collected using conventional unloading methods, completing one processing cycle for a GH4169 high-temperature alloy fastener. In this embodiment, during bidirectional drilling, to accommodate the high hardness and easy hardening characteristics of the GH4169 high-temperature alloy, the drilling feed rate is set to 15–30 mm / min, and the spindle speed is set to 800–1500 r / min. This, combined with the high rigidity of the anti-eccentric load spindle box, effectively suppresses chip adhesion and hole wall hardening.

[0052] In this embodiment, the machining table 10 is a conventional machine tool base used to mount and support various moving components. The X-axis slide 2 and Y-axis slide 14 are both conventional linear slide mechanisms, supported by guide rails 15 pre-set on the machining table 10 and driven by a matching ball screw linear actuator, achieving precise relative displacement between the machining spindle and the workpiece in the horizontal direction. The clamping and positioning mechanism 18 uses a commonly used three-jaw chuck or special fixture for clamping and positioning high-temperature alloy fasteners. The rotary drive mechanism 5 and Z-axis lifting mechanism 6 also employ conventional motor-driven or pneumatic lifting structures, respectively driving the clamping and positioning mechanism 18 to rotate around its axis and move vertically, to meet the requirements of different workpiece machining angles during bidirectional drilling, deburring, and chamfering.

[0053] Other aspects of this invention that are not detailed herein are all conventional techniques known to those skilled in the art.

[0054] It should be noted that the terms “comprising,” “including,” or any other variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0055] The scope of protection of this invention is not limited to the technical solutions disclosed in the specific embodiments. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of this invention shall fall within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A bidirectional machining method for high-temperature alloy fasteners integrating multiple spindles and real-time monitoring, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. A spindle box is provided, wherein the spindle box is provided with a double-cone radial rigid locking mechanism; S2. Perform a pre-locking operation on the spindle box to eliminate the radial assembly clearance and runout of the spindle during bidirectional drilling using the double-cone radial rigid locking mechanism; S3. Clamp and position the high-temperature alloy fastener to be processed; S4. Drive two symmetrically arranged machining spindles to perform bidirectional synchronous drilling on the fastener; during the bidirectional drilling process, the radial clamping force provided by the double conical radial rigid locking mechanism counteracts the radial off-center load generated by bidirectional cutting, ensuring drilling accuracy.

2. The bidirectional machining method for high-temperature alloy fasteners integrating multiple spindles and real-time monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the double-cone radial rigid locking mechanism includes a housing body (1), a thrust ring (23), and a flange end cap (3); an inner conical sleeve (21) and an outer conical sleeve (22) are sequentially fitted inside the spindle bore (11) from the end furthest from the workpiece to the end closest to the workpiece; the inner conical sleeve (21) is an axially extending sleeve structure, its inner bore is provided with a bearing seat for installing the spindle bearing, and its outer wall has an annular protrusion (27), the annular protrusion (27) is composed of a distal cylindrical section (272) located on the side furthest from the workpiece and a... It is formed by a proximal conical section (271) near the workpiece; the outer conical sleeve (22) is sleeved on the outside of the proximal conical section (271), and the inner wall conical surface of the outer conical sleeve (22) is conically engaged with the proximal conical section (271), and the outer wall conical surface of the outer conical sleeve (22) is conically engaged with the inner conical surface of the locking section (111); the thrust ring (23) is sleeved on the outer wall of the inner conical sleeve (21) away from the workpiece, and its end near the workpiece abuts against the end face of the outer conical sleeve (22) away from the workpiece; In step S2, an axial thrust is applied to the thrust ring (23) by fastening the flange end cap (3). The thrust ring (23) pushes the outer cone sleeve (22) to slide along the tapered inner cone surface of the locking section (111), forcing the outer cone sleeve (22) to undergo radial inward contraction deformation and tighten the inner cone sleeve (21), thereby eliminating radial assembly gap and wobble. The two ends of the inner tapered sleeve (21) respectively abut against the proximal limiting part (12) of the main shaft hole (11) and the inner end face of the annular boss integrally formed on the inner side of the flange end cover (3).

3. The bidirectional machining method for high-temperature alloy fasteners integrating multiple spindles and real-time monitoring according to claim 2, characterized in that: The outer wall of the outer tapered sleeve (22) is provided with an anti-rotation keyway, and the inner tapered surface of the main shaft hole (11) is provided with a positioning key that slides with the anti-rotation keyway; The outer side of the distal limiting part (13) is provided with an outer conical surface whose diameter decreases from the end away from the workpiece to the end closer to the workpiece. The thrust ring (23) is sleeved on the outer wall of the inner conical sleeve (21) at the end away from the workpiece. The end face of the thrust ring (23) at the end away from the workpiece is provided with an inner concave conical surface that matches the outer conical surface. The outer conical surface and the inner concave conical surface form a one-way wedge-tight fit structure. When bidirectional drilling is performed in step S4 to generate axial reaction force, the concave angle of the thrust ring (23) and the oblique boss of the flange end cover (3) slide and interfere, converting the axial reaction force into a wedge force that drives the thrust ring (23) to expand radially outward, so as to force the outer cone sleeve (22) to generate a stronger secondary clamping contraction force, forming a passive self-locking effect where the greater the cutting force, the stronger the clamping force.

4. The bidirectional machining method for high-temperature alloy fasteners integrating multiple spindles and real-time monitoring according to claim 2, characterized in that: The end face of the distal limiting part (13) is provided with an anti-rotation pin (25), and the outer wall of the distal cylindrical section (272) away from the workpiece is provided with an anti-rotation groove (24). When the end face of the distal cylindrical section (272) abuts against the end face of the distal limiting part (13), the anti-rotation pin (25) is embedded in the anti-rotation groove (24).

5. The bidirectional machining method for high-temperature alloy fasteners integrating multiple spindles and real-time monitoring according to claim 2, characterized in that: The axial length of the outer conical sleeve (22) is less than that of the inner conical sleeve (21), and the outer conical sleeve (22) is only fitted onto the proximal conical section (271); the inner diameter of the thrust ring (23) is greater than the maximum outer diameter of the proximal conical section (271), and the outer wall of the thrust ring (23) is in sliding fit with the inner wall of the distal straight section (112) of the main shaft hole (11). The end of the thrust ring (23) near the outer conical sleeve (22) is provided with a gradually thinning wedge-shaped guide cone surface, and there is a clearance gap between the wedge-shaped guide cone surface and the inner cone surface of the locking section (111).

6. The bidirectional machining method for high-temperature alloy fasteners integrating multiple spindles and real-time monitoring according to claim 2, characterized in that: The wall thickness of the outer tapered sleeve (22) is set to gradually decrease along the axial direction from the end away from the workpiece to the end closer to the workpiece, so that it is easy to generate radial inward deformation when subjected to axial thrust.

7. The bidirectional machining method for high-temperature alloy fasteners integrating multiple spindles and real-time monitoring according to claim 2, characterized in that: The spindle housing (1) integrates a U-shaped cooling circuit, which includes a first cooling channel (28), a second cooling channel (29), and a third cooling channel (30). The first cooling channel (28) is a transverse through hole opened along the length of the spindle housing (1), located above the spindle shaft hole (11) and on the side of the spindle housing (1) away from the workpiece. One end of the channel serves as a water inlet (281), and the other end is threaded with a sealing plug (31). The second cooling channel (29) is opened along the width of the spindle housing (1), and its end is located on the side of the spindle housing (1) away from the workpiece. A sealing plug (31) is provided at the opening near the workpiece, and the other end is connected to the first cooling channel (28); the third cooling channel (30) is located on the side of the spindle housing (1) near the workpiece, one end of which is provided with a sealing plug (31), and the other end is connected to the second cooling channel (29); the top of the spindle housing (1) is provided with a water outlet (32) directly opposite each spindle hole (11), and each water outlet (32) is equipped with a universal bamboo tube, and the outlet of the universal bamboo tube is equipped with a reduced diameter nozzle, and each universal bamboo tube points to the workpiece processing area.

8. The bidirectional machining method for high-temperature alloy fasteners integrating multiple spindles and real-time monitoring according to claim 2, characterized in that: The spindle housing (1) has a mounting groove (33) on the side wall away from the workpiece. The bottom surface of the mounting groove (33) is inclined and tilted downwards towards the workpiece. A vibration sensor is installed in the mounting groove (33). The vibration sensor is used to collect vibration data in real time during the machining process. When the vibration data exceeds a preset threshold, a tool change warning signal is issued.

9. The bidirectional machining method for high-temperature alloy fasteners integrating multiple spindles and real-time monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the high-temperature alloy fastener to be processed is clamped and positioned by the clamping and positioning mechanism (18); the clamping and positioning mechanism (18) is mounted on the Y-axis slide (14), and the two sets of processing spindles are respectively mounted on two X-axis slides (2) arranged opposite to each other; The spindle box is equipped with three pairs of machining spindles, totaling six spindles, namely a first pair of tools, a second pair of tools, and a third pair of tools; the first pair of tools is used for bidirectional synchronous drilling of the fastener head; the second pair of tools is used for deburring the hole opening and hole wall; the third pair of tools is used for chamfering the edge of the fastener head; the three pairs of machining spindles are arranged parallel to each other along the X-axis, forming a multi-spindle hole parallel machining structure; Following step S4, the following steps are also included: S5. By driving the Y-axis slide (14) to move the clamping and positioning mechanism (18), the fasteners after drilling are aligned with the second pair of tools and the third pair of tools in sequence, and the two X-axis slides (2) are driven to feed the corresponding spindles respectively, and the deburring and chamfering processes are completed in sequence.

10. A bidirectional machining method for high-temperature alloy fasteners integrating multiple spindles and real-time monitoring according to claim 9, characterized in that: During the chamfering process in step S5, the clamping and positioning mechanism (18) is driven to rotate by the rotary drive mechanism (5) to adjust the chamfering surface of the fastener head edge; before or during step S5, the clamping and positioning mechanism (18) is driven to move in the vertical direction by the Z-axis lifting mechanism (6) to adapt to the processing steps at different height positions.

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