Self-adapting anti-deformation machining clamp for thin-wall hardware

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of self-adapting anti-deformation processing clamps of thin-walled hardware, belong to hardware processing technical field, comprising: rack, the top of the rack is fixed with L-shaped fixed plate, laser cutting device is arranged on the mounting track, the side of L-shaped fixed plate is installed with rotating disc by bearing penetration, and the midpoint of rotating disc is fixed with fixed tube. Thus, by setting adjusting mechanism, realize first expansion petal complete pipe inner wall bracing, then drive arc-shaped seat to complete pipe outer wall self-adaptive clamping, outer clamping arc-shaped seat and inner expansion petal are in the same axial position of pipe, inner and outer clamping force are mutually opposed and offset, will not cause extrusion damage to thin-walled pipe, the inner expansion petal of expansion petal inner expansion installation clamp and the external clamping action of arc-shaped seat are linked operation, without adding independent driving source for external clamping, compared with prior art, can avoid the problem of skidding caused by pipe in reciprocating reversing impact process, guarantee the angle accuracy of laser indexing opening and batch processing consistency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an adaptive anti-deformation machining fixture for thin-walled hardware parts, belonging to the field of hardware parts processing technology. Background Technology

[0002] Thin-walled tubular hardware is often processed by laser drilling and engraving. During the processing, a fixture is needed to reliably clamp the tubing. In the existing technology, internal expansion fixtures are widely used for tubing clamping. To improve the problem of over-expansion deformation of thin-walled tubing, a spring floating compensation structure is added to the expansion structure. The elastic floating of the spring achieves self-adaptive expansion force, thereby reducing the rigid compression of the expansion valve on the inner wall of the tubing and reducing the risk of thin-walled tubing being bulged or cracked to a certain extent.

[0003] However, when the spindle frequently reciprocates in both forward and reverse directions to perform laser indexing and drilling operations, a large impact torque is generated at the moment of reversal. The limited friction of the floating expansion flap is insufficient to completely offset the reversal impact, and circumferential relative slippage is likely to occur between the tube and the expansion flap, directly causing deviations in the laser drilling angle and the position of the engraving line, resulting in poor processing consistency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides an adaptive anti-deformation processing fixture for thin-walled hardware parts. It realizes the external clamping and adsorption of the tube through the linkage of the internal expansion tube, thereby increasing the clamping friction while avoiding the compression and deformation of the thin-walled tube. This solves the problems of insufficient friction in floating compensation internal expansion fixtures, which cause the tube to slip circumferentially and have poor processing position accuracy when the spindle reciprocates.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is: A thin-walled hardware self-adaptive anti-deformation processing fixture includes: a frame, an L-shaped fixing plate fixed to the top of the frame, an installation rail on the top of the L-shaped fixing plate, a laser cutter on the installation rail, a turntable mounted through a bearing on the side of the L-shaped fixing plate, a fixing tube fixed to the midpoint of the turntable, an installation tube fixed to one end of the fixing tube, the fixing tube communicating with the installation tube, a plurality of expansion flaps on the outside of the installation tube, and a driving mechanism for expanding the expansion flaps on the inside of the installation tube; The mounting tube is equipped with a movable rod inside, and the movable rod passes through the fixed tube. A lateral movement mechanism is provided below the L-shaped fixed plate to drive the movable rod to move laterally. The turntable has grooves at both ends, and a horizontal plate is slidably connected in the grooves. A pressure rod is slidably installed through one end of the horizontal plate, and an arc-shaped seat is provided at one end of the pressure rod. A fixed plate is fixed to the other end of the pressure rod, and a spring is sleeved on the pressure rod. The two ends of the spring are respectively connected to the horizontal plate and the fixed plate. A rotating mechanism for driving the turntable to rotate is provided above the L-shaped fixed plate. The turntable is also equipped with adsorption mechanisms at both ends for adsorbing the outer wall of the pipe, and the movable rod is equipped with an adjustment mechanism for driving the horizontal plate to move vertically through the outside of the fixed pipe.

[0006] Preferably, the driving mechanism includes a wedge block, which is disposed through the side wall of the mounting tube and one end of the wedge block is connected to the expansion valve. A conical sleeve is slidably sleeved on the movable rod, and a fixed plate is fixed to one end of the movable rod. A spring is sleeved on the movable rod, and both ends of the spring are connected to the conical sleeve and the fixed plate, respectively. A second spring is fixed to the inner wall of the mounting tube and is connected to the wedge block. A limiting mechanism for limiting the conical sleeve is also provided on the fixed tube.

[0007] Preferably, the limiting mechanism includes an adjusting sleeve, which is sleeved on the outside of the fixed tube, and the inner wall of the adjusting sleeve is threaded to the outer wall of the fixed tube. A rotating ring is rotatably connected to the adjusting sleeve, and a limiting rod is fixed on the side of the rotating ring. The limiting rod passes through the mounting tube.

[0008] Preferably, the lateral movement mechanism includes a hydraulic cylinder, which is fixed to the bottom of the L-shaped fixed plate, and a vertical plate is fixed to the output end of the hydraulic cylinder. The vertical plate is connected to one end of the movable rod through a bearing.

[0009] Preferably, the rotating mechanism includes a motor, which is fixed to the outside of the L-shaped fixed plate, and the output end of the motor is provided with a driving wheel. A driven wheel is sleeved on the outside of the turntable, and the driven wheel meshes with the driving wheel.

[0010] Preferably, the adsorption mechanism includes a cylinder liner fixed to the side wall of the turntable, and a piston rod is provided inside the cylinder liner. A piston is provided at one end of the piston rod, and the piston rod is connected to the cross plate through a connecting frame. An air extraction hole is provided on the inner wall of the arc-shaped seat, and a rubber pad is fixed on the arc surface of the arc-shaped seat. An air extraction pipe is fixed on the outer side of the arc-shaped seat and is fixed to the bottom of the pressure rod. The air extraction pipe is connected to the rodless chamber of the cylinder liner through an air suction pipe. The piston rod has a hollow structure, and a purging mechanism for cleaning the adsorption position is provided inside the piston rod.

[0011] Preferably, the purging mechanism includes a through hole at the top of the piston rod, a sealing ring fixed inside the piston rod, a sealing rod extending through the bottom of the piston rod, a sealing disc fixed at the top of the sealing rod, the sealing disc being located above the sealing ring, a fixing disc three fixed on the sealing rod, and a spring four sleeved on the sealing rod, the two ends of the spring four being connected to the inner wall of the piston rod and the fixing disc three respectively, a fixing block fixed on the side wall of the turntable, the fixing block being perpendicular to the sealing rod, the bottom of the piston rod being connected to a nozzle through an exhaust pipe, and the nozzle being fixed on both sides of the arc-shaped seat, the nozzle being inclined.

[0012] Preferably, the adjustment mechanism includes a mounting plate, which is fixed to both sides of the movable rod, and the mounting plate has an inclined groove. A U-shaped block is fixed to one end of the horizontal plate, and an insert rod is fixed inside the U-shaped block. The insert rod is located inside the inclined groove.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: By setting an adjustment mechanism, the inner wall of the tube is first tightened by the expansion flap, and then the arc-shaped seat is driven to complete the adaptive clamping of the outer wall of the tube. The outer arc-shaped seat and the inner expansion flap are in the same axial position of the tube. The inner and outer clamping forces cancel each other out, which will not cause squeezing damage to the thin-walled tube. The inner expansion clamping of the expansion flap and the outer clamping action of the arc-shaped seat are linked and operated in conjunction. There is no need to add an independent drive source for the outer clamping. Compared with the existing technology, it can avoid the slippage problem caused by the tube during the reciprocating reversing impact, and ensure the angular accuracy of laser indexing and hole opening and the consistency of batch processing. After the arc-shaped seat is attached to the outer wall of the pipe, negative pressure adsorption can be formed through the air extraction hole. Relying on the negative pressure, the outer wall of the pipe is held tightly, which further increases the clamping friction, resists the impact torque of the reciprocating change of the turntable, and inhibits the relative circumferential rotation of the pipe. In addition, by setting up a blowing mechanism, the outer wall surface of the pipe to be clamped can be blown before the arc-shaped seat is attached to the outer wall of the pipe, removing debris, dust and other debris attached to the outer wall of the pipe. This avoids debris remaining in the pipe clamping area, which may cause sealing failure and negative pressure leakage. It ensures that the subsequent negative pressure adsorption can be stably effective, reduces clamping slippage and workpiece positioning misalignment failures, and improves the working reliability of negative pressure clamping. Attached Figure Description

[0014] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0015] Figure 1 This is a front view structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a side view of the turntable structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the mounting pipe of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the horizontal plate and arc-shaped seat structure of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a side view of the mounting plate and U-shaped block of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the cylinder liner structure of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the piston rod structure of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a top view schematic diagram of the arc-shaped seat and nozzle structure of the present invention.

[0016] In the diagram: 1. Frame, 2. L-shaped fixing plate, 3. Mounting rail, 4. Laser cutter, 5. Turntable, 6. Fixing tube, 7. Mounting tube, 8. Wedge block, 9. Expansion flap, 10. Movable rod, 11. Conical sleeve, 12. Fixing plate one, 13. Spring one, 14. Spring two, 15. Adjusting sleeve, 16. Rotary ring, 17. Limiting rod, 18. Hydraulic cylinder, 19. Vertical plate, 20. Slide groove, 21. Horizontal plate, 22. Pressure rod, 23. Arc-shaped seat, 24. Fixing plate two, 25. Spring 3. 26. Motor, 27. Drive wheel, 28. Driven wheel, 29. Cylinder liner, 30. Piston rod, 31. Connecting bracket, 32. Intake pipe, 33. Extraction pipe, 34. Extraction port, 35. Rubber pad, 36. Piston, 37. Through hole, 38. Sealing ring, 39. Sealing rod, 40. Sealing disc, 41. Fixed disc, 42. Spring, 43. Fixed block, 44. Exhaust pipe, 45. Nozzle, 46. Mounting plate, 47. Inclined groove, 48. U-shaped block, 49. Insert rod. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] Please see Figure 1-8 The present invention provides a technical solution: A thin-walled hardware self-adaptive anti-deformation processing fixture includes: a frame 1, an L-shaped fixing plate 2 fixed on the top of the frame 1, an installation rail 3 on the top of the L-shaped fixing plate 2, a laser cutter 4 on the installation rail 3, a turntable 5 installed through a bearing on the side of the L-shaped fixing plate 2, a fixing tube 6 fixed at the midpoint of the turntable 5, an installation tube 7 fixed at one end of the fixing tube 6, and the fixing tube 6 and the installation tube 7 are connected, a number of expansion flaps 9 are provided on the outside of the installation tube 7, and a driving mechanism for expanding the expansion flaps 9 is provided on the inside of the installation tube 7; The mounting tube 7 is equipped with a movable rod 10 inside, and the movable rod 10 passes through the fixed tube 6. A transverse movement mechanism for driving the movable rod 10 to move laterally is provided below the L-shaped fixed plate 2. The turntable 5 has grooves 20 at both ends, and a horizontal plate 21 is slidably connected in the grooves 20. A pressure rod 22 is slidably installed through one end of the horizontal plate 21, and an arc-shaped seat 23 is installed at one end of the pressure rod 22. A fixed plate 24 is fixed at the other end of the pressure rod 22, and a spring 25 is sleeved on the pressure rod 22. The two ends of the spring 25 are connected to the horizontal plate 21 and the fixed plate 24 respectively. A rotating mechanism for driving the turntable 5 to rotate is installed above the L-shaped fixed plate 2. The turntable 5 is also equipped with adsorption mechanisms at both ends of its surface for adsorbing the outer wall of the pipe, and the movable rod 10 is provided with an adjustment mechanism for driving the horizontal plate 21 to move vertically through the outside of the fixed pipe 6.

[0019] Furthermore, the hydraulic cylinder 18 drives the vertical plate 19 to move the movable rod 10 laterally. The movable rod 10 drives the drive mechanism inside the mounting tube 7, causing the expansion flap 9 to expand outwards, achieving internal expansion clamping from the inner wall of the tube. Simultaneously, the adjustment mechanism outside the movable rod 10 drives the horizontal plate 21 within the sliding groove 20 on the turntable 5 to move vertically. The horizontal plate 21, through the pressure rod 22, drives the arc-shaped seat 23 to move towards the outer wall of the tube. The spring 25 on the pressure rod 22 provides elasticity to achieve adaptive clamping against the outer wall. After clamping, the rotating mechanism drives the turntable 5 to rotate as a whole, driving... The clamped tube rotates, and laser processing is completed in conjunction with the laser cutter 4. The adsorption mechanism set on the turntable 5 can apply adsorption force to the outer wall of the tube, further enhancing the clamping effect. In this technical solution, a single movable rod 10 is used as a transmission component to simultaneously drive two sets of mechanisms: the internal expansion flap 9 for internal expansion and the external arc-shaped seat 23 for clamping. This reduces independent driving components, resulting in a compact overall structure. The internal expansion, external clamping, and adsorption mechanisms are all integrated into the turntable 5 and rotate synchronously with it, avoiding the problems of external pipe entanglement and interference during rotary processing. This is suitable for the reciprocating rotary working conditions of laser indexing processing.

[0020] Please see Figure 2 and Figure 3 In this embodiment: the driving mechanism includes a wedge block 8, which is disposed through the side wall of the mounting tube 7, and one end of the wedge block 8 is connected to the expansion valve 9. A conical sleeve 11 is slidably sleeved on the movable rod 10, and a fixed plate 12 is fixed to one end of the movable rod 10. A spring 13 is sleeved on the movable rod 10, and the two ends of the spring 13 are respectively connected to the conical sleeve 11 and the fixed plate 12. A second spring 14 is fixed to the inner wall of the mounting tube 7, and the second spring 14 is connected to the wedge block 8. A limiting mechanism for limiting the conical sleeve 11 is also provided on the fixed tube 6.

[0021] Furthermore, the movable rod 10 moves laterally forward, pushing the tapered sleeve 11 to move axially. The inclined surface of the tapered sleeve 11 presses against the wedge block 8, causing the wedge block 8 to push outward, thereby driving the expansion flap 9 to expand and tighten the inner wall of the pipe. Spring 13 connects the fixed plate 12 and the tapered sleeve 11. When the tapered sleeve 11 is blocked by the limiting rod 17 and the expansion flap 9 expands to the maximum limit position, the tapered sleeve 11 stops moving forward. The movable rod 10 can continue to move forward and compress the spring 13 to release the compensation stroke, so that the movable rod 10 can continue to drive the adjustment mechanism to operate and complete the subsequent external clamping drive. When the movable rod 10 retracts and resets, the spring 2 14 pulls the wedge block 8 to retract inward, and the expansion flap 9 contracts to release the workpiece. The limiting mechanism on the fixed pipe 6 limits the forward stroke of the tapered sleeve 11 and limits the maximum expansion of the expansion flap 9, ensuring that the internal expansion and tightening force is controllable and that the thin-walled pipe is not over-expanded.

[0022] Please see Figure 3 In this embodiment: the limiting mechanism includes an adjusting sleeve 15, which is sleeved on the outside of the fixed tube 6, and the inner wall of the adjusting sleeve 15 is threadedly connected to the outer wall of the fixed tube 6. A rotating ring 16 is rotatably connected to the adjusting sleeve 15, and a limiting rod 17 is fixed on the side of the rotating ring 16. The limiting rod 17 passes through the mounting tube 7.

[0023] Furthermore, by rotating the adjusting sleeve 15, the axial position of the adjusting sleeve 15 on the fixed pipe 6 is changed by the threaded engagement. The adjusting sleeve 15 drives the rotating ring 16 and the limiting rod 17 to move synchronously. It can be adjusted according to different pipe diameters. When the cone sleeve 11 moves forward with the movable rod 10 to the position of the limiting rod 17, the cone sleeve 11 is blocked by the limiting rod 17 and cannot continue to move forward, thereby limiting the maximum stroke of the cone sleeve 11 and limiting the maximum opening size of the expansion valve 9.

[0024] It should be noted that after adjusting the position of the limiting rod 17 according to different pipe diameters and materials, due to changes in pipe diameter, expansion flaps 9 with different arc surfaces can be replaced in order to adapt and fit the inner wall of the pipe.

[0025] Please refer to 5. In this embodiment: the transverse mechanism includes a hydraulic cylinder 18, which is fixed to the bottom of the L-shaped fixed plate 2, and a vertical plate 19 is fixed to the output end of the hydraulic cylinder 18. The vertical plate 19 is connected to one end of the movable rod 10 through a bearing.

[0026] Furthermore, the hydraulic cylinder 18 outputs power, which drives the movable rod 10 via the vertical plate 19 to complete the lateral feed and retraction. The bearing ensures that when the turntable 5 drives the movable rod 10 to rotate, the vertical plate 19 and the hydraulic cylinder 18 do not need to rotate with it, thus eliminating rotational interference.

[0027] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2In this embodiment: the rotating mechanism includes a motor 26, which is fixed to the outside of the L-shaped fixed plate 2, and the output end of the motor 26 is provided with a driving wheel 27. The outer side of the turntable 5 is fitted with a driven wheel 28, and the driven wheel 28 meshes with the driving wheel 27.

[0028] Furthermore, the motor 26 drives the drive wheel 27 to rotate, and the drive wheel 27 meshes with and drives the driven wheel 28. The driven wheel 28 is fixedly sleeved on the outside of the turntable 5, thereby driving the turntable 5 to rotate as a whole. The turntable 5 drives the fixed tube 6, the mounting tube 7, the expansion flap 9, and the entire adsorption mechanism and the clamped tube to rotate synchronously, realizing the rotation indexing of the tube and meeting the circumferential opening and engraving processing requirements of the laser cutter 4.

[0029] Please see Figure 2 , Figure 4 and Figure 8 In this embodiment: the adsorption mechanism includes a cylinder liner 29, which is fixed to the side wall of the turntable 5. A piston rod 30 is provided inside the cylinder liner 29. A piston 36 is provided at one end of the piston rod 30. The piston rod 30 is connected to the horizontal plate 21 through a connecting bracket 31. An air extraction hole 34 is provided on the inner wall of the arc-shaped seat 23. A rubber pad 35 is fixed on the arc surface of the arc-shaped seat 23. An air extraction pipe 33 is fixed on the outer side of the arc-shaped seat 23. The air extraction pipe 33 is fixed to the bottom of the pressure rod 22. The air extraction pipe 33 is connected to the rodless chamber of the cylinder liner 29 through an air suction pipe 32. The piston rod 30 is a hollow structure. A purging mechanism for cleaning the adsorption position is provided inside the piston rod 30.

[0030] Furthermore, when the horizontal plate 21 moves vertically, it drives the piston rod 30 to move inside the cylinder liner 29 via the connecting frame 31. The piston 36 on the piston rod 30 changes the volume of the rodless chamber of the cylinder liner 29. The rodless chamber is connected to the suction port 34 of the arc-shaped seat 23 through the suction pipe 32 and the suction pipe 33. The movement of the piston 36 creates a negative pressure in the chamber. The negative pressure acts between the rubber pad 35 and the outer wall of the pipe through the suction port 34, realizing negative pressure adsorption on the outer wall of the pipe. In this technical solution, the piston rod 30 is linked with the horizontal plate 21, and the negative pressure is directly generated by the displacement of the piston 36 in the cylinder liner 29. There is no need to configure a vacuum pump, external air source and control valves, which greatly simplifies the structure. Moreover, the negative pressure air path is integrated on the turntable 5 and rotates synchronously with the turntable. There is no external pipeline, which avoids the problem of air path entanglement under rotation conditions. The piston rod 30 adopts a hollow structure and integrates a purging mechanism inside, which can spray and clean the pipe clamping area before adsorption is established.

[0031] It should be noted that when adsorbing pipes of different diameters, due to the change in pipe diameter, in order to make the arc-shaped seat 23 and the rubber pad 35 fit the outer wall of the pipe, the arc-shaped seat 23 with different arc surfaces can be replaced for adaptation.

[0032] Please see Figure 4 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 In this embodiment: the purging mechanism includes a through hole 37, which is opened at the top of the piston rod 30, and a sealing ring 38 is fixed inside the piston rod 30. A sealing rod 39 is provided through the bottom of the piston rod 30, and a sealing plate 40 is fixed at the top of the sealing rod 39. The sealing plate 40 is located above the sealing ring 38. A fixing plate 41 is fixed on the sealing rod 39, and a spring 42 is sleeved on the sealing rod 39. The two ends of the spring 42 are respectively connected to the inner wall of the piston rod 30 and the fixing plate 41. A fixing block 43 is fixed on the side wall of the turntable 5, and the fixing block 43 is perpendicular to the sealing rod 39. The bottom of the piston rod 30 is connected to the nozzle 45 through the exhaust pipe 44, and the nozzle 45 is fixed on both sides of the arc-shaped seat 23. The nozzle 45 is inclined.

[0033] Furthermore, the horizontal plate 21 moves continuously towards the pipe under the drive of the adjusting mechanism. The horizontal plate 21 drives the piston rod 30 to move synchronously through the connecting frame 31. The piston 36 on the piston rod 30 is displaced inside the cylinder liner 29, and the pressure inside the rod chamber of the cylinder liner 29 increases accordingly. The piston rod 30 drives the sealing rod 39 to move together. Before the arc-shaped seat 23 is in contact with the outer wall of the pipe, the sealing rod 39 abuts against the fixing block 43 on the side wall of the turntable 5. The sealing rod 39 is displaced relative to the piston rod 30, stretching the spring 42. The sealing disc 40 is disengaged from the sealing ring 38. The compressed gas formed by the piston 36 in the rod chamber of the cylinder liner 29 enters the piston rod 30 through the through hole 37. The exhaust gas is sprayed from the nozzles 45 inclined on both sides of the arc-shaped seat 23 through the exhaust pipe 44 to purge and clean the outer wall of the pipe to be clamped. As the horizontal plate 21 continues to move forward, under the tension of the spring 3 25, after the arc-shaped seat 23 abuts against the outer wall of the pipe, the horizontal plate 21 can still continue to feed, driving the piston 36 to continue to move. The change in the volume of the rodless chamber of the cylinder liner 29 generates negative pressure. The negative pressure is transmitted to the suction port 34 through the suction pipe 32 and the suction pipe 33, realizing negative pressure adsorption on the outer wall of the pipe. This technical solution uses the compressed gas generated by the piston 36 of the cylinder liner 29 as the purging gas source, which can generate a high-pressure airflow for purging. The purging action is linked with the clamping stroke, and no electrical timing control is required.

[0034] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 5 In this embodiment: the adjustment mechanism includes a mounting plate 46, which is fixed to both sides of the movable rod 10, and a slanted groove 47 is provided on the mounting plate 46. A U-shaped block 48 is fixed to one end of the horizontal plate 21, and an insert rod 49 is fixed inside the U-shaped block 48. The insert rod 49 is located inside the slanted groove 47.

[0035] Furthermore, when the movable rod 10 moves laterally, the inclined groove 47 is displaced relative to the insertion rod 49 on the U-shaped block 48. The inclined surface of the inclined groove 47 drives the insertion rod 49, causing the U-shaped block 48 and the horizontal plate 21 to slide radially along the sliding groove 20 of the turntable 5. When the movable rod 10 retracts, the inclined groove 47 drives the horizontal plate 21 to retract in the opposite direction, causing the arc-shaped seat 23 to disengage from the pipe, thus completing the loosening of the clamp.

[0036] The workflow of this embodiment is as follows: First, rotate the adjusting sleeve 15 to change its position on the fixed pipe 6 through the thread, which simultaneously drives the rotating ring 16 and the limiting rod 17 to move back and forth, thereby adjusting the maximum forward stroke of the tapered sleeve 11. This can be adjusted according to different pipe diameters and materials. Next, the pipe is fitted onto the outside of the installation pipe 7. Then, the output end of the hydraulic cylinder 18 extends, pushing the vertical plate 19 to drive the movable rod 10 to move forward axially. During the movement of the movable rod 10, two mechanisms are driven simultaneously: First, the movable rod 10 drives the tapered sleeve 11 to move forward synchronously. The tapered inclined surface of the tapered sleeve 11 presses against the inner end face of the wedge block 8, causing the wedge block 8 to push outward radially along the installation pipe 7, thereby driving the expansion flap 9 to expand outward synchronously, tightening it from the inner wall of the pipe. Second, the mounting plates 46 fixed on both sides of the movable rod 10 move forward synchronously with the movable rod 10, installing... The inclined groove 47 on the mounting plate 46 and the insert rod 49 on the inner side of the U-shaped block 48 form an inclined plane transmission, which directly drives the U-shaped block 48 to drive the horizontal plate 21 to move radially towards the center of the pipe along the sliding groove 20 of the turntable 5. When the expansion flap 9 expands to the set maximum stroke, the front end of the cone sleeve 11 abuts against the limit rod 17, and the cone sleeve 11 stops moving forward to avoid excessive expansion causing bulging deformation of the inner wall of the thin-walled pipe. After the cone sleeve 11 is stopped by the limit, the movable rod 10 can continue to move forward under the drive of the hydraulic cylinder 18 to compress the spring 13, thereby increasing the total stroke of the movable rod 10. The extended stroke of the movable rod 10 can continue to move the mounting plate 46, and the inclined groove 47 continuously drives the horizontal plate 21 to move towards the center of the pipe. The horizontal plate 21 drives the piston rod 30 to move synchronously towards the pipe direction within the cylinder liner 29 through the connecting bracket 31. The piston 36 moves along with the piston rod 30. The volume of the rod chamber in the cylinder liner 29 decreases and the internal air pressure increases, forming compressed gas. Before the arc-shaped seat 23 is in contact with the outer wall of the pipe, the sealing rod 39 at the bottom of the piston rod 30 moves to abut against the fixing block 43 fixed to the side wall of the turntable 5. The fixing block 43 blocks the sealing rod 39 from continuing to move. As the piston rod 30 continues to advance along with the horizontal plate 21, the sealing rod 39 moves backward relative to the piston rod 30, stretching the spring 42 and simultaneously causing the sealing disc 40 to disengage from the sealing ring 38. The internal air passage of the piston rod 30 is opened, and the compressed gas in the rod chamber of the cylinder liner 29 enters the inner cavity of the piston rod 30 through the through hole 37, and is then delivered to the nozzles 45 on both sides of the arc-shaped seat 23 through the exhaust pipe 44. The gas is sprayed out from the inclined nozzles 45 onto the outer wall surface of the pipe to be clamped, removing the debris and dust attached to the outer wall of the pipe, and preventing debris from being caught in the sealing surface during subsequent clamping, causing negative pressure leakage. The horizontal plate 21 continues to move radially toward the center of the pipe, and the rubber pad 35 on the inner side of the arc-shaped seat 23 fits against the outer wall of the pipe. At this time, the horizontal plate 21 still has the stroke to continue feeding. The pressure rod 22 slides outward relative to the horizontal plate 21, and the spring 3 25 is stretched, so that the horizontal plate 21 can drive the piston rod 30 to continue to move toward the pipe. At the same time, the elastic force of the spring 3 25 makes the arc-shaped seat 23 press against the outer wall of the pipe to achieve adaptive clamping. This can compensate for the roundness error of the outer circle of the pipe and avoid rigid extrusion that causes dent damage to the outer wall of the thin-walled pipe. Moreover, the outer clamping arc-shaped seat 23 and the inner expansion flap 9 are located at the same axial section position of the pipe. The inner and outer clamping forces are mutually offset and cancel each other out, avoiding local bending stress in the pipe and achieving damage-free clamping. As the horizontal plate 21 drives the piston rod 30 to continue moving towards the pipe, the piston 36 continues to move within the cylinder liner 29. The volume of the rodless chamber of the cylinder liner 29 gradually increases, creating a negative pressure environment. The negative pressure is transmitted through the suction pipe 32 and the suction pipe 33 to the suction hole 34 on the inner wall of the arc-shaped seat 23. Negative pressure adsorption is formed in the sealed space between the rubber pad 35 and the outer wall of the pipe. The negative pressure grips the outer wall of the pipe, further increasing the clamping friction, resisting the impact torque of the turntable reciprocating, suppressing the relative circumferential rotation of the pipe, and ensuring the accuracy of the processing position. After the internal expansion and external clamping negative pressure adsorption complete the clamping, the motor 26 starts and engages the driven wheel 28 through the driving wheel 27, driving the turntable 5 to rotate around the axis. This, in conjunction with the laser cutter 4 on the mounting track 3, completes laser indexing processing such as circumferential hole opening and engraving on the pipe. After processing, the motor 26 drives the turntable 5 to reset and stop operating. The output end of the hydraulic cylinder 18 retracts, driving the movable rod 10 to move axially backward through the vertical plate 19. During the backward movement of the movable rod 10, the first spring 13 gradually rebounds, and the movable rod 10 drives the tapered sleeve 11 to retract synchronously. The wedge block 8 retracts inward under the tension of the second spring 14, driving the expansion... As the valve 9 contracts, the inner wall is released from its tension. Simultaneously, the movable rod 10 moves backward, causing the mounting plate 46 to retract synchronously. Through the inclined groove 47 and the inclined surface transmission of the insertion rod 49, the horizontal plate 21 is driven to move radially outward along the sliding groove 20, causing the arc-shaped seat 23 to detach from the outer wall of the pipe. The piston rod 30 moves outward synchronously with the horizontal plate 21, and the piston 36 moves in the opposite direction. The negative pressure in the rodless chamber of the cylinder liner 29 disappears, releasing the outer wall adsorption. During the outward movement of the piston rod 30, the sealing rod 39 disengages from the pressure of the fixed block 43. The spring 42 pushes the fixed plate 41 to reset the sealing rod 39. The sealing plate 40 re-tightens the sealing ring 38, completing one processing cycle.

[0037] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A self-adaptive anti-deformation machining fixture for thin-walled hardware parts, characterized in that, include: A frame (1) is provided with an L-shaped fixing plate (2) fixed on the top of the frame (1), and an installation rail (3) is provided on the top of the L-shaped fixing plate (2). A laser cutter (4) is provided on the installation rail (3). A turntable (5) is installed through a bearing on the side of the L-shaped fixing plate (2), and a fixing tube (6) is fixed at the midpoint of the turntable (5). An installation tube (7) is fixed at one end of the fixing tube (6), and the fixing tube (6) and the installation tube (7) are connected. Several sets of expansion flaps (9) are provided on the outside of the installation tube (7), and a driving mechanism for driving the expansion flaps (9) to expand is provided on the inside of the installation tube (7). The installation tube (7) is provided with a movable rod (10) inside, and the movable rod (10) passes through the fixed tube (6). The L-shaped fixed plate (2) is provided with a transverse movement mechanism for driving the movable rod (10) to move laterally. The turntable (5) has grooves (20) at both ends, and a horizontal plate (21) is slidably connected in the grooves (20). A pressure rod (22) is slidably provided through one end of the horizontal plate (21), and an arc-shaped seat (23) is provided at one end of the pressure rod (22). A fixed plate (24) is fixed at the other end of the pressure rod (22), and a spring (25) is sleeved on the pressure rod (22). The two ends of the spring (25) are respectively connected to the horizontal plate (21) and the fixed plate (24). A rotating mechanism for driving the turntable (5) to rotate is provided above the L-shaped fixed plate (2). The turntable (5) is also provided with an adsorption mechanism for adsorbing the outer wall of the pipe at both ends of its surface. The movable rod (10) is provided with an adjustment mechanism for driving the horizontal plate (21) to move vertically through the outside of the fixed pipe (6).

2. The self-adaptive anti-deformation machining fixture for thin-walled hardware parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The driving mechanism includes a wedge block (8), which is disposed through the side wall of the mounting tube (7), and one end of the wedge block (8) is connected to the expansion valve (9). A conical sleeve (11) is slidably sleeved on the movable rod (10), and a fixed plate (12) is fixed at one end of the movable rod (10). A spring (13) is sleeved on the movable rod (10), and the two ends of the spring (13) are respectively connected to the conical sleeve (11) and the fixed plate (12). A spring (14) is fixed on the inner wall of the mounting tube (7), and the spring (14) is connected to the wedge block (8). A limiting mechanism for limiting the conical sleeve (11) is also provided on the fixed tube (6).

3. The self-adaptive anti-deformation machining fixture for thin-walled hardware parts according to claim 2, characterized in that, The limiting mechanism includes an adjusting sleeve (15), which is sleeved on the outside of the fixed tube (6), and the inner wall of the adjusting sleeve (15) is threadedly connected to the outer wall of the fixed tube (6). A rotating ring (16) is rotatably connected to the adjusting sleeve (15), and a limiting rod (17) is fixed on the side of the rotating ring (16). The limiting rod (17) passes through the mounting tube (7).

4. The self-adaptive anti-deformation machining fixture for thin-walled hardware parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lateral movement mechanism includes a hydraulic cylinder (18), which is fixed to the bottom of the L-shaped fixed plate (2), and a vertical plate (19) is fixed to the output end of the hydraulic cylinder (18). The vertical plate (19) is connected to one end of the movable rod (10) through a bearing.

5. The self-adaptive anti-deformation machining fixture for thin-walled hardware parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotating mechanism includes a motor (26), which is fixed to the outside of the L-shaped fixed plate (2), and the output end of the motor (26) is provided with a drive wheel (27). The turntable (5) is fitted with a driven wheel (28) on the outside, and the driven wheel (28) meshes with the drive wheel (27).

6. The self-adaptive anti-deformation machining fixture for thin-walled hardware parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adsorption mechanism includes a cylinder liner (29), which is fixed to the side wall of the turntable (5). A piston rod (30) is provided inside the cylinder liner (29). A piston (36) is provided at one end of the piston rod (30). The piston rod (30) is connected to the cross plate (21) through a connecting bracket (31). An air extraction hole (34) is provided on the inner wall of the arc-shaped seat (23). A rubber pad (35) is fixed on the arc surface of the arc-shaped seat (23). An air extraction pipe (33) is fixed on the outer side of the arc-shaped seat (23). The air extraction pipe (33) is fixed to the bottom of the pressure rod (22). The air extraction pipe (33) is connected to the rodless chamber of the cylinder liner (29) through an air suction pipe (32). The piston rod (30) is a hollow structure. A purging mechanism for cleaning the adsorption position is provided inside the piston rod (30).

7. A self-adaptive anti-deformation machining fixture for thin-walled hardware parts according to claim 6, characterized in that, The purging mechanism includes a through hole (37), which is opened at the top of the piston rod (30). A sealing ring (38) is fixed inside the piston rod (30). A sealing rod (39) is provided through the bottom of the piston rod (30). A sealing plate (40) is fixed at the top of the sealing rod (39). The sealing plate (40) is located above the sealing ring (38). A fixing plate (41) is fixed on the sealing rod (39). A spring (42) is sleeved on the sealing rod (39). The two ends of the spring (42) are connected to the inner wall of the piston rod (30) and the fixing plate (41) respectively. A fixing block (43) is fixed on the side wall of the turntable (5). The fixing block (43) is perpendicular to the sealing rod (39). The bottom of the piston rod (30) is connected to the nozzle (45) through the exhaust pipe (44). The nozzle (45) is fixed on both sides of the arc seat (23). The nozzle (45) is inclined.

8. The self-adaptive anti-deformation machining fixture for thin-walled hardware parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adjustment mechanism includes a mounting plate (46), which is fixed to both sides of the movable rod (10), and a slanted groove (47) is provided on the mounting plate (46). A U-shaped block (48) is fixed to one end of the horizontal plate (21), and a plug rod (49) is fixed inside the U-shaped block (48). The plug rod (49) is located inside the slanted groove (47).

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