Horizontal assembly tooling and assembly method

Abstract

The application provides a horizontal assembling tool and an assembling method. The horizontal assembling tool comprises a base, a first supporting mechanism, a second supporting mechanism and a position adjusting mechanism. The first supporting mechanism is arranged on the base and is used for supporting an intermediate shaft. The second supporting mechanism is arranged on the base and is arranged on both sides of the first supporting mechanism along the axial direction of the intermediate shaft and is used for supporting side shafts respectively. The position adjusting mechanism is arranged on the base and is matched with the side shafts and is used for adjusting the positions of the side shafts along the radial direction of the side shafts so that the side shafts are arranged concentrically with the intermediate shaft. After the side shafts are arranged concentrically with the intermediate shaft, the position adjusting mechanism can adjust the positions of the side shafts along the axial direction of the side shafts so that the side shafts are axially aligned with the intermediate shaft. That is, the radial alignment between the side shafts and the intermediate shaft can be realized by the position adjusting mechanism to ensure the concentricity, and the spacing between the intermediate shaft and the side shafts can be adjusted so that the intermediate shaft and the side shafts can be perfectly inserted and matched, thereby effectively improving the welding quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of spindle assembly technology, and in particular to a horizontal assembly fixture and assembly method. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, a three-section shaft typically includes an intermediate shaft and side shafts located on both sides of the intermediate shaft. During welding, the intermediate shaft and the side shafts need to be connected and fitted using a male and female stop structure before welding, thus forming a complete three-section shaft.

[0003] Currently, before welding a three-section shaft, to facilitate operation, the side shaft and the intermediate shaft are usually placed on a vertical assembly fixture for support before being plugged in and then welded.

[0004] However, the aforementioned vertical assembly fixture cannot position the intermediate shaft and the side shaft, which makes it difficult to ensure the coaxiality between the intermediate shaft and the side shaft. This results in poor welding quality of the final welded three-section shaft and ultimately affects the service life of the finished product. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a horizontal assembly fixture and assembly method, which aims to solve the problem of how to improve the welding quality of finished products to avoid affecting the service life of finished products.

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a horizontal assembly fixture, including: Base; A first support mechanism is provided on the base and is used to support the intermediate shaft; At least two second support mechanisms are provided on the base and are respectively located on both sides of the first support mechanism along the axial direction of the intermediate axis, for supporting at least two side shafts respectively; A position adjustment mechanism is provided on the base and cooperates with the side shaft to adjust the position of the side shaft in the radial direction along the side shaft so that the side shaft and the intermediate shaft are arranged concentrically; and the position adjustment mechanism can adjust the position of the side shaft in the axial direction along the side shaft after the side shaft and the intermediate shaft are concentric so that the side shaft and the intermediate shaft are axially aligned.

[0007] In some embodiments, the first support mechanism includes at least two first support structures disposed on the base, the at least two first support structures being spaced apart along the axial direction of the intermediate axis; the side of all the first support structures away from the base forms a first support surface adapted to the outer contour of the intermediate axis.

[0008] In some embodiments, each of the second support mechanisms includes at least two second support structures disposed on the base, the at least two second support structures being axially spaced along the intermediate axis; the side of all the second support structures away from the base forms a second support surface adapted to the outer contour of the corresponding side axis.

[0009] In some embodiments, the side of the second support structure away from the base is provided with a rolling element that rolls with the side shaft.

[0010] In some embodiments, the two ends of the intermediate shaft extend beyond the two ends of the first support mechanism, respectively; And / or, the two ends of the side shaft extend to the outside of the corresponding two ends of the second support mechanism; And / or, the base is provided with a mounting interface for connection to an external welding rail; And / or, the horizontal assembly fixture further includes a lifting mechanism for cooperating with the side shaft and / or intermediate shaft for lifting; And / or, the horizontal assembly fixture may further include a digital display self-aligning instrument.

[0011] In some embodiments, the horizontal assembly fixture further includes a heating element wound around the welding position of the intermediate shaft and the side shaft and a heat insulation structure covering the heating element, wherein the heating element is used to heat the welding position; The horizontal assembly fixture also includes a heating gun for locally heating the heating blind zone of the welding position.

[0012] In some embodiments, the position adjustment mechanism includes at least two sets of hydraulic screw jacks disposed on the base, and the at least two sets of hydraulic screw jacks are correspondingly engaged with at least two side shafts; Each set of hydraulic screw jacks includes two hydraulic screw jacks. One of the two hydraulic screw jacks extends radially along the side shaft and is used to drive the corresponding side shaft to move radially along the side shaft. The other of the two hydraulic screw jacks extends axially along the side shaft and is used to drive the corresponding side shaft to move axially along the side shaft.

[0013] In some embodiments, the horizontal assembly fixture further includes a positioning and locking structure disposed on the side of each second support mechanism away from the first support mechanism. The positioning and locking structure is used to lock the side shaft after the side shaft and the intermediate shaft are aligned and inserted to restrict the side shaft from moving axially along the side shaft. And / or, the horizontal assembly fixture further includes a pushing mechanism located on the side of the side shaft away from the intermediate shaft, the pushing mechanism being used to push the side shaft toward the intermediate shaft and engage with the intermediate shaft when the side shaft and the intermediate shaft are axially aligned.

[0014] Secondly, embodiments of this application also provide an assembly method for assembling a spindle using a horizontal assembly fixture, comprising: Check and confirm that the critical dimensions of the intermediate shaft and side shaft are up to standard; The qualified intermediate shaft is hoisted onto the first support mechanism, and the level of the intermediate shaft is adjusted so that the level of the intermediate shaft is within the preset deviation range. The qualified side shafts are hoisted onto the corresponding second support mechanisms, and the levelness of the side shafts is adjusted so that the levelness of the side shafts is within the preset deviation range. The side shaft is radially adjusted by a position adjustment mechanism to make it concentric with the intermediate shaft; then the side shaft is axially adjusted by the position adjustment mechanism to make it axially aligned with the intermediate shaft. Push the side shaft toward the middle shaft so that the side shaft and the middle shaft are aligned and engaged.

[0015] In some embodiments, after the side shaft and the intermediate shaft are aligned and inserted into each other, the assembly method further includes: The welding position between the intermediate shaft and the side shaft is heated by a heating element, and the welding position is kept warm by an insulation structure. The welding position is preheated uniformly by using a heating gun to locally heat the heating blind zone at the welding position. The intermediate shaft and the side shaft are welded together.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are: This application provides a horizontal assembly fixture and assembly method. The horizontal assembly fixture includes a base, a first support mechanism, at least two second support mechanisms, and a position adjustment mechanism. The first support mechanism is disposed on the base and is used to support an intermediate shaft. At least two second support mechanisms are disposed on the base and are respectively located on both sides of the first support mechanism along the axial direction of the intermediate shaft, and are used to support at least two side shafts respectively. The position adjustment mechanism is disposed on the base and cooperates with the side shafts to adjust the radial position of the side shafts along the side shafts so that the side shafts are concentrically arranged with the intermediate shaft. After the side shafts and the intermediate shaft are concentric, the position adjustment mechanism can adjust the axial position of the side shafts along the side shafts to ensure axial alignment between the side shafts and the intermediate shaft. This allows for precise alignment between the intermediate shaft and the side shafts before welding, thereby improving welding quality and the service life of the final welded product.

[0017] In other words, this application can achieve radial alignment between the side shaft and the intermediate shaft through the position adjustment mechanism to ensure concentricity. Furthermore, after the intermediate shaft and the side shaft are arranged concentrically, the axial distance between the intermediate shaft and the side shaft can be adjusted, so that the intermediate shaft and the side shaft can be perfectly plugged in to facilitate subsequent welding operations. This improves the welding quality and the service life of the final welded product, thereby effectively solving problems such as misalignment and excessive spacing that occur in traditional assembly. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the horizontal assembly fixture, intermediate shaft, and side shaft shown in the embodiments of this application; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Side view in direction A; Figure 3 for Figure 1 Side view in direction B; Figure 4 for Figure 1 Side view in direction C; Figure 5 for Figure 1 Side view in direction D; Figure 6 for Figure 1 Side view in direction E; Figure 7 for Figure 1 Side view in direction F; Figure 8 for Figure 1 Side view in the G direction; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly method shown in the embodiments of this application.

[0020] Figure label: 100, base; 200, first support mechanism; 210, first support structure; 220, connecting bolt; 300, intermediate shaft; 400, second support mechanism; 410, second support structure; 420, rolling element; 500, side shaft; 600, positioning and locking structure; 610, positioning plate; 620, locking element. Detailed Implementation

[0021] In the embodiments of this application, the terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," "fifth," and "sixth" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined with "first," "second," "third," "fourth," "fifth," and "sixth" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.

[0022] In embodiments of this application, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element.

[0023] Reference Figures 1 to 8 As shown, this embodiment provides a horizontal assembly fixture, including a base 100, a first support mechanism 200, at least two second support mechanisms 400, and a position adjustment mechanism.

[0024] A first support mechanism 200 is mounted on the base 100 and supports the intermediate shaft 300; at least two second support mechanisms 400 are mounted on the base 100 and respectively located on both sides of the first support mechanism 200 along the axial direction of the intermediate shaft 300, for supporting at least two side shafts 500 respectively; a position adjustment mechanism is mounted on the base 100 and cooperates with the side shafts 500 for adjusting the position of the side shafts 500 in the radial direction along the side shafts 500 (see reference). Figure 1 The position of the side shaft 500 in the y-direction (as shown) is such that the side shaft 500 and the intermediate shaft 300 are arranged concentrically; and the position adjustment mechanism can adjust the side shaft 500 in the axial direction along the side shaft 500 (refer to the y-direction shown) after the side shaft 500 and the intermediate shaft 300 are concentric. Figure 1 The position in the x direction (as shown) is such that the side shaft 500 is axially aligned with the intermediate shaft 300.

[0025] In practice, the base 100 serves as the basic load-bearing body for the entire vertical assembly fixture, supporting the first support mechanism 200, the second support mechanism 400, and the position adjustment mechanism.

[0026] For example, the base 100 can be made of a rigid material to ensure it has sufficient load-bearing strength. For example, the base 100 can be a plate structure or a frame structure.

[0027] Furthermore, the first support mechanism 200 can be fixedly mounted above the base 100 using connecting bolts 220 to support the intermediate shaft 300 of the three-section shaft. Specifically, the structural dimensions of the first support mechanism 200 are adapted to the specifications of the intermediate shaft 300 to ensure stable support of the intermediate shaft 300, so that the intermediate shaft 300 maintains a preset reference posture during assembly without shaking, tilting or other abnormal working conditions. This provides a precise center reference for the alignment and adjustment of the side shafts 500 on both sides, solving the problem of existing tooling lacking a dedicated intermediate shaft 300 for positioning support and having inconsistent references.

[0028] At least two second support mechanisms 400 can be fixed above the base 100 by connecting bolts 220. At least two second support mechanisms 400 are arranged on both sides of the first support mechanism 200 along the axial direction of the intermediate shaft 300, respectively supporting the side shafts 500 on both sides of the axial direction of the intermediate shaft 300. Thus, at least two side shafts 500 on both sides of the intermediate shaft 300 can be independently supported by at least two second support mechanisms 400 to prevent the side shafts 500 from being suspended, tilted or falling.

[0029] For example, there may be two second support mechanisms 400, in which case there are two side shafts 500. Alternatively, there may be three or other numbers of second support mechanisms 400, whichever corresponds to the number of side shafts 500.

[0030] In this embodiment, the position adjustment mechanism has radial position adjustment and axial position adjustment functions. Specifically, regarding the radial position adjustment function, it can precisely adjust the radial offset of the side shaft 500, correct the radial deviation of the side shaft 500 in the up-down and left-right directions, and make the central axis of the two side shafts 500 completely coincide with the central axis of the intermediate shaft 300, so as to completely solve the core problem that traditional tooling cannot control coaxiality. Regarding the axial position adjustment function, after the side shaft 500 and the intermediate shaft 300 are coaxially positioned, the axial spacing and docking position of the side shaft 500 can be further fine-tuned, so that the male and female stop structures between the side shaft 500 and the intermediate shaft 300 can be precisely aligned, so as to facilitate subsequent fitting and insertion, ensure uniform axial docking gap and regular alignment, and avoid problems such as misalignment, uneven gap, and skewing, thus providing a perfect assembly foundation for subsequent welding.

[0031] For example, the radial adjustment accuracy can reach 0.01mm, ensuring that the assembly coaxiality of the horizontal assembly tooling is less than or equal to 0.5mm, so as to meet the core accuracy requirements.

[0032] For example, the axial adjustment range can be 0mm-5mm, thereby precisely controlling the axial relative distance between the side shaft 500 and the intermediate shaft 300 to ensure the smooth insertion and installation of the 2mm male and female stop structure, avoiding the deformation of the male and female stop caused by hard contact, and ensuring the fitting accuracy of the male and female stop structure.

[0033] It should be noted that the yin-yang stop structure specifically refers to the convex stop and concave stop set on the side shaft 500 and the intermediate shaft 300. One of the convex stop and the concave stop is set on the side shaft 500, and the other is set on the intermediate shaft 300. The intermediate shaft 300 and the side shaft 500 are connected by inserting the concave stop into the convex stop.

[0034] In summary, the horizontal assembly fixture of this embodiment, by horizontally placing the intermediate shaft 300 and the side shaft 500 on the corresponding first support mechanism 200 and second support mechanism 400, facilitates radial alignment between the side shaft 500 and the intermediate shaft 300 through the position adjustment mechanism to ensure concentricity. Furthermore, after the intermediate shaft 300 and the side shaft 500 are concentrically arranged, the axial distance between them can be adjusted, enabling reliable male and female stop joint mating between the intermediate shaft 300 and the side shaft 500. This effectively solves the problems of misalignment and excessive spacing that occur in traditional assembly, thereby effectively improving welding quality and the service life of the welded product.

[0035] Reference Figures 1 to 8 As shown, in some embodiments, the first support mechanism 200 includes at least two first support structures 210 disposed on the base 100, the at least two first support structures 210 being spaced apart along the axial direction of the intermediate shaft 300; the side of all the first support structures 210 away from the base 100 forms a first support surface adapted to the outer contour of the intermediate shaft 300.

[0036] In a specific implementation, the first support mechanism 200 is configured to include at least two first support structures 210, thereby forming multi-point interval support for the intermediate shaft 300 through the interval of the at least two first support structures 210, and thus forming a span-type stable support for the long strip intermediate shaft 300 through two or more support points.

[0037] Furthermore, the first support surface can be an arc-shaped support surface that adapts to the outer contour of the intermediate shaft 300, thereby achieving surface contact and support between the first support surface and the intermediate shaft 300. This can effectively avoid problems such as partial suspension of the intermediate shaft 300 or single-point force concentration, thus achieving stable and reliable support for the intermediate shaft 300. At the same time, it can precisely constrain the radial runout and lateral offset of the intermediate shaft 300 to ensure that the posture of the intermediate shaft 300 after being placed on the first support surface does not change.

[0038] For example, the first support structure 210 can be a support plate or a support column. The bottom of the first support structure 210 and the base 100 can be connected by connecting bolts 220 or by welding.

[0039] For example, the first support structure 210 can be configured as follows: Figure 1 The two shown can be used, or three or more can be set.

[0040] Reference Figures 1 to 8 As shown, in some embodiments, each second support mechanism 400 includes at least two second support structures 410 disposed on the base 100, the at least two second support structures 410 being spaced apart along the axial direction of the intermediate axis 300; the side of all the second support structures 410 away from the base 100 forms a second support surface adapted to the outer contour of the corresponding side axis 500.

[0041] In a specific implementation, the second support mechanism 400 is configured to include at least two second support structures 410, thereby forming multi-point interval support for the side shaft 500 through the interval of at least two second support structures 410, thereby forming stable support for the elongated side shaft 500 through two or more support points.

[0042] Furthermore, the second support surface can be an arc-shaped support surface that adapts to the outer contour of the side shaft 500, thereby achieving surface contact and support between the second support surface and the side shaft 500. This can effectively prevent the side shaft 500 from being partially suspended or experiencing concentrated force at a single point, thus achieving stable and reliable support for the side shaft 500. At the same time, it precisely constrains the radial runout and lateral offset of the side shaft 500, ensuring the stability of the side shaft 500 after it is placed on the second support surface.

[0043] For example, the second support structure 410 can be a support plate or a support column, and the bottom of the second support structure 410 can be screwed or welded to the base 100. For example, the second support structure 410 can be configured as follows: Figure 1 The two shown can be used, or three or more can be set.

[0044] Reference Figures 1 to 8 As shown, in some embodiments, the side of the second support structure 410 away from the base 100 is provided with a rolling element 420 that rolls with the side shaft 500. The rolling engagement between the rolling element 420 and the side shaft 500 can reduce the operating resistance of the side shaft 500 when adjusting its position, thereby significantly reducing the intensity of manual operation and improving the adjustment accuracy and efficiency of radial self-alignment and axial insertion alignment.

[0045] In addition, the rolling fit between the rolling element 420 and the side shaft 500 can also avoid the problem of hard sliding friction scratching or wear on the precision-machined outer surface of the side shaft 500, thereby effectively protecting the appearance accuracy and quality of the side shaft 500 and significantly reducing the risk of scrapping the side shaft 500.

[0046] For example, the rolling element 420 can be a rolling bearing, roller, ball, etc. There can be at least two rolling elements 420, which are evenly arranged on the second support surface. The specific number of rolling elements 420 can be set according to actual needs.

[0047] Reference Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments, the two ends of the intermediate shaft 300 extend to the two ends of the first support mechanism 200, so that the position arrangement of the support points of the first support mechanism 200 on the intermediate shaft 300 can fully take into account the center of gravity of the intermediate shaft 300, the installation of the narrow gap tungsten inert gas welding track, and the installation requirements of heating elements, etc., so as to ensure the stability of the intermediate shaft 300 and the convenience of subsequent tooling and accessories installation, so as to avoid installation interference.

[0048] Correspondingly, both ends of the side shaft 500 extend to the ends of the corresponding second support mechanism 400, so that the position arrangement of the support point of the first support mechanism 200 on the side shaft 500 can fully take into account the center of gravity of the side shaft 500, and facilitate the splicing operation between the side shaft 500 and the intermediate shaft 300, as well as the interference-free installation of subsequent tooling accessories.

[0049] In some embodiments, the base 100 is provided with an installation interface for connecting to an external welding rail, which can be directly used to install a narrow-gap tungsten inert gas welding rail at the installation interface to improve installation convenience.

[0050] In some embodiments, the horizontal assembly fixture further includes a hoisting mechanism for hoisting with the side shaft 500 and / or the intermediate shaft 300, so as to hoist the intermediate shaft 300 or the side shaft 500 onto the corresponding first support surface or second support surface.

[0051] Specifically, for the intermediate shaft 300, the lifting mechanism may include, for example, an overhead crane and a hook mounted on the crane. For the side shaft 500, the lifting mechanism may include, for example, a dedicated swivel shackle with a manual chain hoist (manual adjustment mechanism) and a high-strength steel wire rope. In practice, the same set of lifting mechanisms can be used to lift both the intermediate shaft 300 and the side shaft 500 separately, thereby achieving precise lifting and stable placement of the side shaft 500 and the intermediate shaft 300. The placement deviation can be controlled to less than or equal to 20mm, reducing positioning errors during assembly and laying the foundation for subsequent radial position adjustment operations.

[0052] In some embodiments, the horizontal assembly fixture also includes a digital display self-aligning instrument, which enables precise leveling and alignment of the axis of the side shaft 500 and the intermediate shaft 300, with an adjustment accuracy of up to 0.01mm, ensuring that their coaxiality is ≤0.5mm, so as to meet the core accuracy requirements.

[0053] In practice, the coaxiality between the side shaft 500 and the intermediate shaft 300 can be detected in real time using a digital display self-aligning instrument. When the coaxiality does not meet the requirements, the radial position of the side shaft 500 can be adjusted using a position adjustment mechanism until the coaxiality between the side shaft 500 and the intermediate shaft 300 is finally adjusted to meet the requirements.

[0054] Reference Figures 1 to 8 As shown, in some embodiments, the horizontal assembly fixture also includes a heating element wrapped around the welding position of the intermediate shaft 300 and the side shaft 500 and an insulation structure covering the heating element. The heating element is used to heat the welding position. The horizontal assembly fixture also includes a heating gun for local heating of the heating blind area of ​​the welding position.

[0055] In practice, before welding the intermediate shaft 300 and the side shaft 500, a surround heating element is used to uniformly heat the welding position of the intermediate shaft 300 and the side shaft 500. The external insulation structure locks in the heat, reduces heat loss, and ensures that the overall temperature of the welding area is uniform and stable. This allows for welding to be carried out after sufficient preheating, thereby improving the welding quality.

[0056] Furthermore, for heating blind spots in welding positions such as corners and gaps that cannot be covered by heating elements, localized point heating can be performed using independently set heating guns to eliminate local low-temperature areas. This ensures that the temperature of the entire welding position is relatively uniform, thereby improving the strength, toughness, and sealing of the weld, which in turn significantly improves the quality of the weld formation, reduces welding deformation, and further ensures the dimensional accuracy and structural stability of the finished product.

[0057] In other words, this embodiment can effectively solve the problems of uneven preheating and excessive temperature difference during the welding process by using heating elements, heat preservation structures and heating guns, and avoid defects such as welding stress, welding cracks, porosity and slag inclusions caused by local temperature differences during welding, so as to achieve uniform preheating of the welding position.

[0058] For example, the heating element can be a resistance wire or a PTC heating ring. The insulation structure can be insulation cotton or an insulation coating.

[0059] In some embodiments, the position adjustment mechanism includes at least two sets of hydraulic screw jacks disposed on the base 100. The at least two sets of hydraulic screw jacks are correspondingly engaged with at least two side shafts 500. Each set of hydraulic screw jacks includes two mutually perpendicular hydraulic screw jacks. One of the two hydraulic screw jacks extends radially along the side shaft 500 and is used to drive the corresponding side shaft 500 to move radially along the side shaft 500. The other of the two hydraulic screw jacks extends axially along the side shaft 500 and is used to drive the corresponding side shaft 500 to move axially along the side shaft 500. This enables radial and axial position adjustment of the side shaft 500 and improves the overall adjustment efficiency.

[0060] The specific structure and principle of the hydraulic screw jack can be found in the relevant technical descriptions, which will not be described in detail in this embodiment.

[0061] In some embodiments, the horizontal assembly fixture further includes a positioning and locking structure 600 disposed on the side of each second support mechanism 400 away from the first support mechanism 200. The positioning and locking structure 600 is used to lock the side shaft 500 after the side shaft 500 is aligned with the intermediate shaft 300, so as to restrict the side shaft 500 from moving axially along the side shaft 500.

[0062] In practice, a positioning and locking structure 600 is provided on the side of each second support mechanism 400 away from the first support mechanism 200. After the side shaft 500 and the intermediate shaft 300 are coaxially arranged and axially aligned, the side shaft 500 is axially locked and fixed to restrict the axial movement and displacement of the side shaft 500, thereby ensuring that the intermediate shaft 300 and the side shaft 500 can reliably carry out subsequent insertion alignment and welding operations.

[0063] For example, the positioning and locking structure 600 may specifically include a positioning plate 610 disposed on the base 100 and a positioning hole disposed on the positioning plate 610. A locking member 620 is disposed in the positioning hole, and the locking member 620 can abut against the side shaft 500 to realize the axial locking operation of the side shaft 500.

[0064] For example, the positioning hole can be a threaded hole, and the locking member 620 can be a locking screw. Alternatively, the positioning and locking structure 600 can also be a locking buckle.

[0065] For example, the positioning plate 610 can be fixed to the base 100 by connecting bolts 220.

[0066] In some embodiments, the horizontal assembly fixture further includes a pushing mechanism disposed on the side of each side shaft 500 away from the intermediate shaft 300. The pushing mechanism is used to push the side shaft 500 toward the intermediate shaft 300 and engage with the intermediate shaft 300 when the side shaft 500 and the intermediate shaft 300 are axially aligned.

[0067] In practice, a pushing mechanism is set on the outside of each side shaft 500. After the side shaft 500 completes precise radial and axial alignment, the pushing mechanism outputs a smooth thrust to drive the side shaft 500 to move precisely toward the intermediate shaft 300, thereby completing the tight insertion and fit of the male and female stops between the intermediate shaft 300 and the side shaft 500.

[0068] For example, the actuating mechanism can be an actuator, a pneumatic cylinder, or a hydraulic cylinder.

[0069] The horizontal assembly fixture of this embodiment ensures that the coaxiality of the intermediate shaft 300 and the side shaft 500 is ≤0.5mm, and the axial insertion gap between them is ≤50μm, thus completely solving the problem of large positioning deviation in conventional assembly and meeting the dynamic balance requirements of high-speed spindles. Furthermore, this horizontal assembly fixture can be customized to suit specific scenario requirements.

[0070] Reference Figure 9 As shown, this embodiment also provides an assembly method for spindle assembly using a horizontal assembly fixture, including: S1. Check and confirm whether the critical dimensions of the intermediate shaft 300 and the side shaft 500 are qualified.

[0071] S2. Hoist the qualified intermediate shaft 300 onto the first support mechanism 200 and adjust the level of the intermediate shaft 300 so that the level of the intermediate shaft 300 is within the preset deviation range.

[0072] S3. Hoist the qualified side shafts 500 onto the corresponding second support mechanism, and adjust the level of the side shafts 500 so that the level of the side shafts 500 is within the preset deviation range.

[0073] S4. Adjust the radial position of the side shaft 500 through the position adjustment mechanism so that the side shaft 500 and the intermediate shaft 300 are concentrically set; then adjust the axial position of the side shaft 500 through the position adjustment mechanism so that the side shaft 500 and the intermediate shaft 300 are axially aligned.

[0074] S5. Push the side shaft 500 toward the middle shaft 300 so that the side shaft 500 and the middle shaft 300 are aligned and engaged.

[0075] The specific structure and implementation principle of the horizontal assembly fixture in this embodiment are the same as those of the horizontal assembly fixture provided in the above embodiments, and can bring the same or similar technical effects. They will not be described in detail here, but can be referred to the description of the above embodiments.

[0076] Specifically, the operation process of step S1 is as follows: A professional inspection team is formed to conduct a comprehensive and detailed inspection of the male and female stops, bevel structures, and key dimensions of the side shaft 500 and intermediate shaft 300. The team completes the "Pre-welding Inspection Process Record Card" and retains the inspection data for future reference. Key dimensions to be inspected include: the inner diameter, blunt edge, insertion depth, corner radius, and chamfer accuracy of the male and female stops; bevel angle, root radius, root width, surface roughness, and geometric tolerances. Simultaneously, the integrity of the lifting threaded holes on the side shaft 500 and intermediate shaft 300 used for cooperation with the lifting mechanism is checked, confirming no damage or stripping. Only after the machining quality of the side shaft 500 and intermediate shaft 300 meets the requirements of narrow-gap argon arc welding and assembly standards can they proceed to subsequent processes. Unqualified individual parts are strictly prohibited from entering the process and must be returned for reprocessing and re-inspection. Step S1 allows for the effective removal of defective side shafts 500 or intermediate shafts 300 during the standardized pre-welding inspection process, thereby ensuring the quality of the final product.

[0077] Step S2 involves installing and adjusting the horizontal assembly fixture to ensure that the support points of each first support structure 210 and second support structure 410 are positioned reasonably and reliably. The intermediate shaft 300 is then slowly lifted using a dedicated hoisting mechanism and precisely placed on the first support surface of the first support structure 210. The placement of the intermediate shaft 300 is then adjusted so that its axis is aligned with the baseline of the horizontal assembly fixture.

[0078] Then, using a magnetic high-precision digital display level, the levelness of the intermediate shaft 300 is checked at three points at both ends and the middle to ensure that the levelness deviation is ≤0.02mm / m. Next, the intermediate shaft 300 is used as the reference section for the overall assembly, and the fixing bolts are tightened to lock the intermediate shaft 300 in place, preventing reference offset during subsequent assembly.

[0079] Step S3 is performed as follows: The side shafts 500 are lifted using a hoisting mechanism, maintaining a stable position during lifting to prevent damage to the male and female joints or bevels due to shaking or collision. The side shafts 500 are then slowly adjusted to a horizontal position using the hoisting mechanism, moved above the second support structure 410, and precisely lowered. The positional deviation must not exceed 20mm. After lowering, the balancing device of the horizontal assembly fixture is further adjusted to ensure that the axial height of the side shafts 500 is consistent with the axial height of the intermediate shaft 300. A magnetic level or a high-precision digital level is used to repeatedly check both ends of the side shafts 500 to ensure a height difference of 0, laying a precise foundation for the subsequent insertion of the male and female joints.

[0080] In this embodiment, the standardized process of the dedicated horizontal assembly fixture can effectively reduce the randomness of operation and reduce the risk of collision and damage between axes during assembly, thereby improving operational safety.

[0081] The specific operation process of step S4 is as follows: The radial offset of the side shaft 500 is precisely adjusted through the position adjustment mechanism to correct the radial deviations of the side shaft 500 both vertically and horizontally, ensuring that the central axes of both side shafts 500 are completely aligned with the central axis of the intermediate shaft 300. This completely solves the core problem of traditional tooling's inability to control coaxiality. Regarding the axial position adjustment function, after the side shaft 500 and intermediate shaft 300 are coaxially positioned, the axial spacing and mating position of the side shafts 500 can be further fine-tuned to ensure precise alignment of the male and female stop structures of the side shafts 500 and intermediate shaft 300.

[0082] The specific operation process of step S5 is as follows: Start the propulsion mechanism on the outside of the side shaft 500, and slowly push the side shafts 500 on both sides toward the middle shaft 300. During the pushing process, observe the docking of the male and female stops throughout the process to ensure that the convex stop of the side shaft 500 and the concave stop of the middle shaft 300 are precisely matched, and smoothly complete the insertion of the male and female stops. The insertion depth is strictly controlled to 2mm to avoid deformation of the male and female stops due to hard pushing.

[0083] After the insertion is completed, high-strength bolts are used to limit and lock each shaft segment to the horizontal assembly fixture to prevent axial or radial displacement after assembly. Then, a gap gauge is used to comprehensively and multi-point monitor the socket gap between the side shaft 500 and the intermediate shaft 300, with no fewer than 6 monitoring points, to ensure that the socket gap does not exceed 50μm. If the gap exceeds the standard, a fine adjustment is made through the position adjustment mechanism until the accuracy requirements are met. After fine adjustment, the horizontal assembly fixture is locked again to ensure firm positioning.

[0084] In some embodiments, after the side shaft 500 and the intermediate shaft 300 are aligned and inserted, the assembly method further includes: The welding position between the intermediate shaft 300 and the side shaft 500 is heated by a heating element, and the welding position is kept warm by an insulation structure. The heating gun is used to locally heat the heating blind area at the welding position to uniformly preheat the welding position. After uniform preheating, the intermediate shaft 300 and the side shaft 500 are welded.

[0085] In other words, after the insertion is completed, a surrounding heating element is used to heat the welding joint of the intermediate shaft 300 and the side shaft 500 as a whole. Simultaneously, an outer insulation structure locks in the heat, maintaining a stable temperature in the welding area. Furthermore, a heating gun is used to locally heat blind spots and edges, achieving uniform preheating across the entire welding section. After uniform preheating, the intermediate shaft 300 and the side shaft 500 are welded together to form a complete shaft structure. The overall welding quality of the finished shaft structure is high, and its service life is long.

[0086] In practice, the surrounding heating element is evenly wrapped around the welding position within a 100mm radius, and the outer layer is wrapped with an insulation structure to reduce heat loss. At the same time, a heating gun is set in the heating blind zone of the surrounding heating element to perform local temperature compensation and avoid local preheating.

[0087] For example, the preheating temperature control requirements are as follows: ensure that the preheating temperature within a 100mm radius of the welding position is not lower than 150℃, use a portable thermometer to monitor the temperature in real time, monitor the temperature every 5 minutes, record the temperature data, ensure temperature uniformity, and control the temperature difference within ±10℃. Furthermore, the placement of the surround heating element needs to avoid the installation position of the narrow-gap TIG welding track, ensuring that the installation of the narrow-gap TIG welding track and the electric heating of the surround heating element can be carried out simultaneously without interference, achieving parallel operation of preheating and welding preparation, significantly improving assembly efficiency. Only after preheating to the specified temperature and maintaining a constant temperature for 30 minutes can the subsequent welding process begin.

[0088] In addition, in this embodiment, the tooling near the welding position adopts a split structure and is fixed by bolt connection. After assembly, it can be quickly disassembled without affecting subsequent welding operations and weld flaw detection, and at the same time, it facilitates the maintenance and storage of the tooling.

[0089] It should be noted that the assembly process of the assembly method in this embodiment is replicable and scalable. At the same time, the parameters and process details of the horizontal assembly fixture can be fine-tuned according to the assembly requirements of different specifications of finished products, which has strong versatility.

[0090] In the description of the embodiments of this application, specific features, structures, materials or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0091] The above are merely specific embodiments of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A horizontal assembly fixture, characterized in that, include: Base; A first support mechanism is provided on the base and is used to support the intermediate shaft; At least two second support mechanisms are provided on the base and are respectively located on both sides of the first support mechanism along the axial direction of the intermediate axis, for supporting at least two side shafts respectively; A position adjustment mechanism is provided on the base and cooperates with the side shaft to adjust the position of the side shaft in the radial direction along the side shaft so that the side shaft and the intermediate shaft are arranged concentrically; and the position adjustment mechanism can adjust the position of the side shaft in the axial direction along the side shaft after the side shaft and the intermediate shaft are concentric so that the side shaft and the intermediate shaft are axially aligned.

2. The horizontal assembly fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first support mechanism includes at least two first support structures disposed on the base, the at least two first support structures being spaced apart along the axial direction of the intermediate shaft; the side of all the first support structures away from the base forms a first support surface that is adapted to the outer contour of the intermediate shaft.

3. The horizontal assembly fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the second support mechanisms includes at least two second support structures disposed on the base, the at least two second support structures being axially spaced along the intermediate axis; the side of all the second support structures away from the base forms a second support surface adapted to the outer contour of the corresponding side axis.

4. The horizontal assembly fixture according to claim 3, characterized in that, The second support structure has a rolling element on the side away from the base that rolls with the side shaft.

5. The horizontal assembly fixture according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The two ends of the intermediate shaft extend to the two ends of the first support mechanism, respectively; And / or, the two ends of the side shaft extend to the outside of the corresponding two ends of the second support mechanism; And / or, the base is provided with a mounting interface for connection to an external welding rail; And / or, the horizontal assembly fixture further includes a lifting mechanism for cooperating with the side shaft and / or intermediate shaft for lifting; And / or, the horizontal assembly fixture may further include a digital display self-aligning instrument.

6. The horizontal assembly fixture according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The horizontal assembly fixture also includes a heating element wrapped around the welding position of the intermediate shaft and the side shaft, and a heat insulation structure covering the heating element. The heating element is used to heat the welding position. The horizontal assembly fixture also includes a heating gun for locally heating the heating blind zone of the welding position.

7. The horizontal assembly fixture according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The position adjustment mechanism includes at least two sets of hydraulic screw jacks mounted on the base, and the at least two sets of hydraulic screw jacks are correspondingly engaged with at least two side shafts. Each set of hydraulic screw jacks includes two hydraulic screw jacks. One of the two hydraulic screw jacks extends radially along the side shaft and is used to drive the corresponding side shaft to move radially along the side shaft. The other of the two hydraulic screw jacks extends axially along the side shaft and is used to drive the corresponding side shaft to move axially along the side shaft.

8. The horizontal assembly fixture according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The horizontal assembly fixture also includes a positioning and locking structure disposed on the side of each second support mechanism away from the first support mechanism. The positioning and locking structure is used to lock the side shaft after the side shaft is aligned with the intermediate shaft, so as to restrict the axial movement of the side shaft. And / or, the horizontal assembly fixture further includes a pushing mechanism located on the side of each of the side shafts away from the intermediate shaft, the pushing mechanism being used to push the side shaft toward the intermediate shaft and engage with the intermediate shaft when the side shaft is axially aligned with the intermediate shaft.

9. An assembly method using the horizontal assembly fixture as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, include: Check and confirm that the critical dimensions of the intermediate shaft and side shaft are within specifications; The qualified intermediate shaft is hoisted onto the first support mechanism, and the level of the intermediate shaft is adjusted so that the level of the intermediate shaft is within the preset deviation range. The qualified side shafts are hoisted onto the corresponding second support mechanisms, and the levelness of the side shafts is adjusted so that the levelness of the side shafts is within the preset deviation range. The side shaft is radially adjusted by a position adjustment mechanism to make it concentric with the intermediate shaft; then the side shaft is axially adjusted by the position adjustment mechanism to make it axially aligned with the intermediate shaft. Push the side shaft toward the middle shaft so that the side shaft and the middle shaft are aligned and engaged.

10. The assembly method according to claim 9, characterized in that, After aligning and inserting the side shaft with the intermediate shaft, the assembly method further includes: The welding position between the intermediate shaft and the side shaft is heated by a heating element, and the welding position is kept warm by an insulation structure. The welding position is preheated uniformly by using a heating gun to locally heat the heating blind zone at the welding position. The intermediate shaft and the side shaft are welded together.

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