Double-drive synchronous differential electric upper shaft car accessory drilling and polishing processing equipment and method

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of combined machining, in particular to a double-drive synchronous differential electric upper-axle accessory drilling and polishing machining equipment and method, which comprises a machine tool body, further comprises a double-end rotary drive clamping mechanism, the double-end rotary drive clamping mechanism comprises oppositely arranged first and second rotary ends, the first rotary end is used for clamping one end of an axle accessory and is driven to rotate by a first servo motor, and the second rotary end is used for top-holding the other end of the axle accessory and is driven to rotate by a second servo motor; a machining assembly, which comprises a drill bit for drilling the axle accessory and a polishing piece for polishing the axle accessory, the polishing piece moves with a liftable lifting seat; and a supporting assembly, which comprises a first lever, a second lever, rigid supporting balls arranged at one end of the first lever and used for abutting against the bottom arc surface of the axle accessory, and flexible supporting balls arranged at one end of the second lever and used for abutting against the top arc surface of the axle accessory, the other end of the first lever is driven to swing by the lifting seat and swings the second lever in the reverse direction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of combined processing technology, specifically to drilling and polishing equipment and methods for dual-drive synchronous differential electric upper axle vehicle parts. Background Technology

[0002] Axle-type automotive parts (such as motor upper shafts and drive shaft cores) typically require radial drilling on their shaft sections and polishing of their outer surfaces during machining. In existing technologies, this type of machining is generally completed in two steps: first, drilling is performed on a drilling machine or lathe, and then the shaft is transferred to a polishing machine for polishing. These two setups result in accumulated coaxiality and positional errors, and the setup and transfer processes are time-consuming, leading to low production efficiency.

[0003] More importantly, existing equipment generally uses a "single-end drive" method for the rotary clamping of shafts: the spindle end is held by a chuck and driven by a single motor, while the tailstock end is held only by a fixed center or a follower center. This method has the following drawbacks: (1) Polishing is a load with fluctuating resistance torque in both magnitude and direction. When driven from one end, the tooth backlash and coupling clearance in the transmission chain repeatedly change direction and beat with the torque fluctuation, inducing micro-torsional vibration, forming vibration marks on the surface of the shaft, and the polishing quality is unstable. (2) Shafts with a large length-to-diameter ratio have low rigidity. When drilling, the radial component of the drilling force causes the shaft to bend and deform, resulting in skewed hole position and poor hole diameter accuracy. The requirements for the position and rigidity of the auxiliary support are completely different between drilling and polishing (drilling requires bottom support, polishing requires top limit). Existing equipment lacks a support mechanism that can automatically switch with the process. Manually replacing the auxiliary frame is time-consuming, laborious, and has poor positioning consistency. (3) During polishing, the grinding disc presses against the surface of the shaft with a certain positive pressure. After the shaft is subjected to radial force, it produces elasticity to let the tool go and jumps. There is a lack of limiting support that is linked with the grinding action, resulting in poor consistency of polishing removal amount.

[0004] Therefore, this application proposes a drilling and polishing processing equipment and method for dual-drive synchronous differential electric upper axle vehicle parts. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide drilling and polishing equipment and methods for dual-drive synchronous differential electric upper axle vehicles to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a drilling and polishing processing equipment for dual-drive synchronous differential electric upper axle car parts, comprising a machine tool body, and further comprising: A double-ended rotary drive clamping mechanism includes a first rotary end and a second rotary end arranged opposite to each other. The first rotary end is used to clamp one end of a shaft and is driven to rotate by a first servo motor. The second rotary end is used to support the other end of the shaft and is driven to rotate by a second servo motor. The processing assembly includes a drill bit for drilling holes in a shaft and a polishing disc for polishing the shaft, the polishing disc moving with a liftable lifting seat; The support assembly includes a first lever, a second lever, a rigid support ball located at one end of the first lever and used to abut against the bottom arc surface of the shaft, and a flexible support ball located at one end of the second lever and used to abut against the top arc surface of the shaft. The other end of the first lever is driven by the lifting seat to swing and is linked to the second lever to swing in the opposite direction. The control component, connected to the first servo motor and the second servo motor, is configured to: apply equal and opposite torque feedforward to the two motors during polishing, establish a constant preload torque between the two ends of the shaft, and when establishing the preload, make the two motors operate with a small speed difference to reach the set offset and then restore them to the same speed. When the polishing load fluctuates, the position loop automatically fine-tunes the instantaneous speed of the two motors to allow the instantaneous speed difference, thereby maintaining a constant offset.

[0007] Preferably, the first rotary end includes a spindle box fixedly connected to the top of the bed, a spindle rotatably connected inside the spindle box, and a power chuck fixedly connected to one end of the spindle. The power chuck is used to clamp one end of the shaft. The first servo motor is fixedly connected to one end of the spindle box and is used to drive the spindle to rotate. The second rotary end includes a guide rail fixedly connected to the side of the bed, a tailstock slide plate slidably connected to the guide rail, a tailstock sleeve fixedly connected to the top of the tailstock slide plate, and a rotary center rotatably connected inside the tailstock sleeve. The rotary center is used to support the other end of the shaft. The second servo motor is fixedly connected to one end of the tailstock sleeve and is used to drive the rotary center to rotate.

[0008] Preferably, the processing assembly further includes a side frame disposed on the side of the machine tool body, a stepping cylinder is fixedly connected to the top of the side frame, a motor housing is fixedly connected to the output end of the stepping cylinder, a rotary motor is fixedly connected to the motor housing, and the drill bit is fixedly connected to the output end of the rotary motor; a slide shoe is fixedly connected to the side of the side frame, the slide shoe is slidably connected to the guide rail, and an auxiliary slide rail is also fixedly connected to the side of the machine tool body, the side frame is slidably connected to the auxiliary slide rail.

[0009] Preferably, the processing assembly further includes a sliding base plate disposed on the machine tool body, the base plate being fixedly connected to the side frame, a propulsion cylinder being fixedly connected to the bottom of the base plate, a shift rod being fixedly connected to the output end of the propulsion cylinder, the shift rod being fixedly connected to the lifting seat, and a grinding motor being fixedly connected to the side of the lifting seat, the grinding motor being used to drive the grinding disc to rotate.

[0010] Preferably, the support assembly further includes a first fulcrum fixedly connected to the top of the base plate, the first lever being rotatably connected within the first fulcrum, and its other end being slidably restricted within the lifting seat, so that when the lifting seat is raised or lowered, it drives the first lever to swing around the first fulcrum.

[0011] Preferably, the support assembly further includes a second fulcrum fixedly connected to the top of the base plate, the second lever being rotatably connected within the second fulcrum, and an abutment wheel rotatably connected to the other end of the second lever. The abutment wheel abuts against the side of the first lever to drive the second lever to swing in the opposite direction when the first lever swings. The support assembly also includes a return spring connected between the base plate and the second lever to drive the second lever to return to its original position.

[0012] Preferably, it further includes an end locking mechanism, which comprises: a locking handle rotatably connected to the interior of the rotating center, the locking handle facing the end of the shaft; a hook plate fixedly connected to the inner side of the locking handle, the hook plate abutting against the end of the shaft; a top plate axially slidably connected to the interior of the rotating center, the top plate abutting against the end face of the shaft; a displacement column fixedly connected to one end of the top plate; a hinge seat fixedly connected to one end of the displacement column; a rocker arm rotatably connected to the interior of the hinge seat, the other end of which is connected to the rotation point of the locking handle, the displacement column moving causes the rocker arm to swing, causing the locking handle to swing closer to the end of the shaft; and a spring sleeved on the outside of the displacement column, the spring sleeve being used to drive the displacement column to reset.

[0013] Preferably, the device further includes a detection device comprising a first encoder, a second encoder, and a torque detection unit. The first encoder is mounted on the first servo motor and is used to detect the rotation angle of the left end of the shaft. The second encoder is mounted on the rotating center and is used to detect the rotation angle of the right end of the shaft. The torque detection unit is used to detect the output torque of the first servo motor and the second servo motor. The control component is electrically connected to the detection device.

[0014] Preferably, it further includes an axial pressure sensor disposed inside the rotary tip and a positive pressure sensor disposed on the polishing disc. The axial pressure sensor is used to detect the axial clamping force of the rotary tip on the shaft, and the positive pressure sensor is used to detect the positive pressure pressed on the shaft during polishing. The constant preload torque is 1.2 to 1.5 times the maximum resistance torque during polishing.

[0015] This invention also provides a method for drilling and polishing parts of a dual-drive synchronous differential electric upper axle vehicle, comprising the following steps: S1, Clamping steps: Clamp one end of the shaft on the first rotating end and the other end on the second rotating end, and control the first servo motor and the second servo motor to drive the shaft to rotate; S2, Drilling step: Control the drill bit to drill the rotating shaft; during the drilling process, the lifting seat is in the first position, so that the rigid support ball abuts against the bottom arc surface of the shaft to provide drilling support; S3, Support switching step: After drilling is completed, control the lifting seat to move to the second position. The lifting seat drives the first lever to swing and the second lever to swing in the opposite direction, so that the rigid support ball moves away from the bottom arc surface of the shaft and the flexible support ball presses against the top arc surface of the shaft. S4, Polishing step: Control the lifting seat to continue moving or remain in the second position, so that the polishing disc abuts against the surface of the shaft, and control the polishing motor to drive the polishing disc to rotate, polishing the shaft; S5, Differential speed control steps: During the polishing process, the control component applies equal and opposite torque feedforward to the first servo motor and the second servo motor to establish a constant preload torque between the two ends of the shaft; when establishing the preload, the two motors are made to operate with a small speed difference to reach the set offset and then return to the same speed; when the polishing load fluctuates, the position loop automatically fine-tunes the instantaneous speed of the two motors to allow the instantaneous speed difference, thereby maintaining the constant offset.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. Drilling and polishing can be completed in one clamping: The drilling and polishing mechanisms are integrated on the same bed. The bottom plate and the side frame are fixedly connected and move synchronously. The shaft can be drilled and polished in one clamping, eliminating the positional error caused by repeated clamping and significantly improving efficiency.

[0017] 2. Dual-drive synchronous differential speed suppression of torsional vibration: The two ends of the shaft are driven simultaneously by the first servo motor and the second servo motor, respectively. During polishing, the controller applies an equal and opposite torque feedforward based on the synchronous speed command of the two motors, establishing a constant preload torque between the two ends of the shaft. This ensures that the net torque direction is always constant and does not reach zero, and that all gaps in the transmission chain are always in contact on one side. Micro-torsional vibration is effectively suppressed, and there are no vibration marks on the polished surface. The preload is established with a small speed difference and returns to the same speed after reaching the set offset. When the polishing load fluctuates, the position ring maintains a constant offset by instantaneous differential speed fine adjustment, that is, "synchronization is the main method and differential speed is the adjustment method". It has strong resistance to load disturbance and stable polishing quality.

[0018] 3. Closed-loop detection of rotation angles at both ends: The first encoder and the second encoder detect the actual rotation angles of the left and right ends of the shaft respectively. The controller uses this information for closed-loop control. The synchronization accuracy is not affected by slippage of the chuck or the center, and the authenticity of the preload torque can be directly verified.

[0019] 4. Automatic switching of support state with lifting and lowering: When the lifting seat is raised and lowered, it automatically switches between two support states through the linkage of the first lever and the second lever: "drilling position - rigid support balls abut against the bottom arc surfaces on both sides of the shaft to support and resist the radial force of drilling and ensure the accuracy of the hole position" and "polishing position - flexible support balls press against the top arc surfaces on both sides of the shaft and cooperate with the grinding disc to limit the movement and prevent tool deflection and runout". The switching is driven by the same lifting action and does not require an additional power source or manual intervention. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the first three-dimensional structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the second three-dimensional structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure in this invention where the shaft component is removed; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the side frame structure in this invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the bottom support plate in this invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rigid support ball bearing and the shaft in this invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the tailstock sleeve in this invention; Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 7 A magnified schematic diagram of the structure at point A in the middle.

[0021] In the diagram: 100, Machine bed; 101, Spindle box; 102, Power chuck; 103, First servo motor; 104, Tailstock slide; 105, Guide rail; 106, Tailstock sleeve; 107, Second servo motor; 108, Rotary center; 109, Shaft; 200, Side frame; 201, Stepper cylinder; 202, Motor housing; 203, Rotary motor; 204, Drill bit; 205, Auxiliary slide rail; 206, Slipper; 300, Base plate; 301, Feeder. Cylinder; 302, Moving rod; 303, Transmission handle; 304, Grinding disc; 305, Grinding motor; 306, First lever; 307, First fulcrum; 308, Rigid support ball; 309, Second fulcrum; 310, Second lever; 311, Flexible support ball; 312, Return spring; 313, Abutting wheel; 400, Locking handle; 401, Hook plate; 402, Top plate; 403, Displacement column; 404, Spring sleeve; 405, Hinge seat; 406, Rocker. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] Example 1: Please refer to Figures 1 to 8 This invention provides a technical solution: a dual-drive synchronous differential electric upper axle lathe for drilling and polishing parts, including a spindle box 101 fixedly connected to the top of the bed 100, a spindle rotatably connected inside the spindle box 101 via bearings, a power chuck 102 fixedly connected to the front end of the spindle, the power chuck 102 being used to clamp the left end of the shaft 109; a first servo motor 103 fixedly connected to the rear end of the spindle box 101, the first servo motor 103 being drively connected to the spindle, and used to drive the spindle, along with the power chuck 102 and the left end of the shaft 109, to rotate.

[0024] Furthermore, a guide rail 105 is fixedly connected to the side of the bed 100, and a tailstock slide plate 104 is slidably connected to the guide rail 105. The tailstock slide plate 104 can move longitudinally along the guide rail 105 and be locked to accommodate shafts 109 of different lengths. A tailstock sleeve 106 is fixedly connected to the top of the tailstock slide plate 104. A rotating center 108 is rotatably connected to the inside of the tailstock sleeve 106 via a bearing. The tapered part of the rotating center 108 is used to hold the right end of the shaft 109. A second servo motor 107 is fixedly connected to the rear end of the tailstock sleeve 106 to drive the rotating center 108 to rotate, so that both ends of the shaft 109 are driven and rotated synchronously.

[0025] Thus, the first rotary headstock 101, power chuck 102, first servo motor 103 and the second rotary tailstock slide plate 104, tailstock sleeve 106, rotary center 108, and second servo motor 107 are arranged opposite to each other to form a double-end rotary drive clamping mechanism.

[0026] The side frame 200 is located on the side of the bed 100. A sliding shoe 206 is fixedly connected to the side of the side frame 200, and the sliding shoe 206 is slidably connected to the guide rail 105. An auxiliary slide rail 205 is also fixedly connected to the side of the bed 100, and the side frame 200 is slidably connected to the auxiliary slide rail 205. The side frame 200 is doubly guided and supported by the guide rail 105 and the auxiliary slide rail 205, ensuring smooth movement and good load-bearing rigidity. It can move axially along the shaft 109 to adjust the drilling position.

[0027] Furthermore, a stepping cylinder 201 is fixedly connected to the top of the side frame 200. The output end of the stepping cylinder 201 is fixedly connected to the motor housing 202. A rotary motor 203 is fixedly connected to the motor housing 202. The output end of the rotary motor 203 is fixedly connected to the drill bit 204. During drilling, the rotary motor 203 drives the drill bit 204 to rotate. The stepping cylinder 201 drives the motor housing 202, along with the rotary motor 203 and the drill bit 204, to feed according to the set step distance to drill the shaft 109. The feed rate is accurately controlled and the retraction is convenient.

[0028] Furthermore, the bottom support plate 300 is slidably mounted on the bed 100 and extends to the top of the bed 100, where it is slidably connected, for example, via a slider and a linear guide pair at the top of the bed. The bottom support plate 300 is fixedly connected to the side frame 200 and moves axially along the shaft along with the side frame 200. A propulsion cylinder 301 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the bottom support plate 300, and a shift rod 302 is fixedly connected to the output end of the propulsion cylinder 301. The shift rod 302 is fixedly connected to the lifting seat 303. The top of the lifting seat 303 is rotatably connected to a grinding disc 304 via a rotating shaft, and a grinding motor 305 is fixedly connected to the side of the lifting seat 303. The grinding motor 305 drives the grinding disc 304 to rotate around a horizontal axis via a transmission coupling or a synchronous belt. During the extension of the propulsion cylinder 301, the shift rod 302 pushes the lifting seat 303 and the grinding disc 304 upwards, causing the grinding disc 304 to polish the surface of the shaft 109 with its working surface.

[0029] Furthermore, the support components include a first lever 306, a second lever 310, a rigid support ball 308, a flexible support ball 311, a first fulcrum 307, a second fulcrum 309, an abutment wheel 313, and a return spring 312.

[0030] The first fulcrum 307 is fixedly connected to the top of the base plate 300, and the first lever 306 is rotatably connected to the first fulcrum 307. One end of the first lever 306 is rotatably connected to a rigid support ball 308, and the other end is slidably restricted within the lifting seat 303. Specifically, the lifting seat 303 has a groove extending along the lifting direction, and the sliding pin at the end of the first lever 306 slides in the groove, forming a sliding restriction fit. When the lifting seat 303 rises and falls, the first lever 306 is driven to swing around the first fulcrum 307 through the cooperation of the sliding pin and the groove.

[0031] The second fulcrum 309 is fixedly connected to the top of the base plate 300, and the second lever 310 is rotatably connected within the second fulcrum 309. One end of the second lever 310 is rotatably connected to a flexible support ball 311, which is made of a flexible material such as polyurethane, rubber, or a metal-coated structure thereof. The other end of the second lever 310 is rotatably connected to an abutment wheel 313, which normally abuts against the side of the first lever 306. A return spring 312 is connected between the base plate 300 and the second lever 310 to drive the second lever 310 to return to its original position and to maintain a closed contact between the abutment wheel 313 and the side of the first lever 306.

[0032] Specifically, when the propulsion cylinder 301 retracts and the lifting seat 303 moves downward, the first lever 306 swings around the first fulcrum 307, the rigid support ball 308 rises, approaches and abuts against the bottom two arc surfaces of the shaft 109, and at the same time, the side of the first lever 306 releases the second lever 310 via the abutment wheel 313. The second lever 310 swings under the action of the return spring 312, causing the flexible support ball 311 to move downward away from the top of the shaft 109 to make way—this is the drilling support position; the propulsion cylinder 301 extends... When the lifting seat 303 moves upward, the first lever 306 swings in the opposite direction, and the rigid support ball 308 moves downward away from the bottom of the shaft 109. At the same time, the side of the first lever 306 presses against the abutment wheel 313, driving the second lever 310 to swing in the opposite direction around the second fulcrum 309. The flexible support ball 311 rises, approaches and presses against the top two sides of the shaft 109, and cooperates with the grinding disc 304 that abuts against the surface of the shaft after moving upward, forming a support limit for the shaft 109 during polishing—this is the polishing support position. The rigid support ball 308 is made of bearing steel or hard alloy, which has high rigidity and wear resistance, and is a rolling contact, so it will not scratch the surface of the shaft when supporting the bottom; the flexible support ball 311 is made of flexible material, which buffers the fluctuation of grinding pressure when pressing and does not scratch the polished surface.

[0033] The end locking mechanism is located inside the rotating center 108 and includes a locking handle 400, a hook plate 401, a top plate 402, a displacement column 403, a hinge seat 405, a rocker plate 406, and a spring 404.

[0034] Furthermore, the rotating tip 108 is internally connected to multiple locking handles 400, preferably three evenly distributed circumferentially, each locking handle 400 facing the end of the shaft 109; a hook plate 401 is fixedly connected to the inner side of the locking handle 400. A top plate 402 is axially slidably connected to the inside of the rotating tip 108, and the top plate 402 is used to abut against the end face of the shaft 109; a displacement column 403 is fixedly connected to one end of the top plate 402; the other end of the displacement column 403 is fixedly connected to a hinge seat 405, and a rocker plate 406 is rotatably connected to the inside of the hinge seat 405, the other end of the rocker plate 406 is connected to the rotation point of the locking handle 400; a spring 404 is sleeved on the outside of the displacement column 403, with both ends abutting against the limiting steps inside the top plate 402 and the rotating tip 108 respectively, and is used to drive the displacement column 403 to reset.

[0035] During operation, the rotary center 108 presses against the shaft 109, and the end face of the shaft 109 abuts against the top plate 402 and pushes it to move axially inward. The top plate 402 drives the displacement column 403 and the hinge seat 405 to move. The rocker plate 406 swings accordingly and pushes and pulls each locking handle 400 through the rotation point of the locking handle 400, so that the locking handle 400 swings around its rotation connection and approaches the end of the shaft 109. The hook plate 401 abuts against and hooks the end of the shaft 109, realizing the automatic locking of the axial position of the shaft 109 and preventing the shaft from moving due to the axial force of the drilling. When unloading, the rotary center 108 retracts, the sleeve spring 404 extends and drives the displacement column 403 to reset, and each locking handle 400 swings in the opposite direction to loosen. Locking and loosening are automatically completed with the pressing action and do not require independent operation.

[0036] Furthermore, the detection device includes a first encoder, a second encoder, and a torque detection unit: the first encoder is mounted on the first servo motor 103 or its motor shaft rear end, and is used to detect the actual rotation angle of the left end of the shaft 109; the second encoder is mounted on the rotary center 108, and is used to detect the actual rotation angle of the right end of the shaft 109; the torque detection unit is used to detect the output torque of the first servo motor 103 and the second servo motor 107, which can be obtained by torque sampling of the servo driver or by an external torque sensor. In addition, an axial pressure sensor is installed inside the rotary center 108 to detect the axial clamping force of the rotary center 108 on the shaft 109; a positive pressure sensor is installed on the polishing disc 304 or its shaft support to detect the positive pressure pressed on the shaft 109 during polishing.

[0037] The controller can be a PLC, motion controller, or industrial computer. The two servo motors are electrically connected to the controller via servo drivers with speed loops and torque feedforward interfaces, and are electrically connected to the first servo motor 103, the second servo motor 107, and the detection device, respectively. They are configured to implement dual-drive synchronous differential control in the following manner: During polishing, the controller sends the same speed command to both motors to keep the speed commands of the two motors synchronized; 2. Based on the speed command, apply equal and opposite torque feedforward to the two motors. Apply +T0 to the first servo motor 103 and -T0 to the second servo motor 107, or vice versa. Establish a constant preload torque T0 between the two ends of the shaft 109 so that the gaps inside the shaft and in the transmission chains at both ends are abutted on one side. 3. The operation method for establishing preload torque is as follows: The controller causes the two motors to operate with a small speed difference, for example, by increasing the speed command of one end by a small offset of a few revolutions per minute. The two ends of the shaft 109 will then produce a small relative torsion. When the torque detected by the torque detection unit reaches the set offset T0, the controller will restore the two motors to operate at the same speed. 4. The preload torque T0 should be 1.2 to 1.5 times the maximum resistance torque Mmax during polishing. This ensures that the net torque direction remains constant throughout the polishing process, never reaching zero, and that the transmission chain clearance does not shift, thus suppressing minor torsional vibrations. For example, when the maximum resistance torque during polishing is approximately 20 N·m, T0 can be taken as 26 to 30 N·m. 5 When the polishing load fluctuates, the position ring automatically fine-tunes the instantaneous speed correction of the two motors in the same reverse direction based on the angle difference and torque feedback between the first encoder and the second encoder, allowing the instantaneous speed difference between the two motors to maintain a constant preload torque, that is, synchronization is the main method and differential speed is the adjustment method. The controller simultaneously receives signals from the axial pressure sensor and the positive pressure sensor, monitors the clamping force and grinding pressure in real time, and alarms or adjusts the feed when the limit is exceeded to ensure processing safety and polishing consistency.

[0038] Example 2: Please refer to Figures 1 to 8 The present invention also provides a technical solution, which differs from the technical solution of Embodiment 1 as follows: a drilling and polishing method for dual-drive synchronous differential electric upper axle vehicle parts, comprising the following steps: S1. Clamping: The moving tailstock slide plate 104 adapts to the length of the shaft 109, the power chuck 102 clamps the left end of the shaft 109, the rotating center 108 supports the right end, and the axial pressure sensor confirms that the clamping force reaches the set value; the end face of the shaft abuts against the top plate 402, and the end locking mechanism automatically completes the axial locking. S2, Drilling: The propulsion cylinder 301 retracts to put the lifting seat 303 in the lower position. The rigid support ball 308 abuts against the bottom arc surface of the shaft 109 and supports it. The flexible support ball 311 makes way. The moving side frame 200 is aligned with the hole position. The rotary motor 203 drives the drill bit 204 to rotate. The stepping cylinder 201 steps forward to feed and completes the drilling. S3 Polishing: Stepper cylinder 201 retracts and drill bit 204 moves out of position; push cylinder 301 extends and lifting seat 303 moves up; rigid support ball 308 leaves the bottom and flexible support ball 311 presses the top two sides of the shaft 109 arc surface; grinding disc 304 moves up synchronously to contact the surface of shaft 109; grinding motor 305 drives grinding disc 304 to rotate and polish. S4. Dual-drive control: Throughout the polishing process, the controller implements dual-drive synchronous differential control as described in Section 5 above to establish and maintain a constant preload torque and suppress torsional vibration. S5. Unloading: After polishing, all mechanisms are reset. The sleeve spring 404 drives the displacement column 403 to reset and release the hook plate 401, release the power chuck 102, retract the rotating center 108, and remove the shaft 109.

[0039] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0040] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A drilling and polishing machine for dual-drive synchronous differential electric upper axle car parts, comprising a machine body (100), characterized in that, Also includes: The double-ended rotary drive clamping mechanism includes a first rotary end and a second rotary end arranged opposite to each other. The first rotary end is used to clamp one end of the shaft (109) and is driven to rotate by a first servo motor (103). The second rotary end is used to hold the other end of the shaft (109) and is driven to rotate by a second servo motor (107). The processing assembly includes a drill bit (204) for drilling holes in the shaft (109) and a polishing disc (304) for polishing the shaft (109), the polishing disc (304) moving with a liftable lifting seat (303); The support assembly includes a first lever (306), a second lever (310), a rigid support ball (308) disposed at one end of the first lever (306) and used to abut against the bottom arc surface of the shaft (109), and a flexible support ball (311) disposed at one end of the second lever (310) and used to abut against the top arc surface of the shaft (109). The other end of the first lever (306) is driven by the lifting seat (303) to swing and is linked to the second lever (310) to swing in the opposite direction. The control component, connected to the first servo motor (103) and the second servo motor (107), is configured to: apply equal and opposite torque feedforward to the two motors during polishing, establish a constant preload torque between the two ends of the shaft (109), and when establishing the preload, make the two motors operate with a small speed difference to reach the set offset and then return to the same speed. When the polishing load fluctuates, the position loop automatically fine-tunes the instantaneous speed of the two motors to allow the instantaneous speed difference, thereby maintaining a constant offset.

2. The drilling and polishing equipment for dual-drive synchronous differential electric upper axle vehicle parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first rotary end includes a spindle box (101) fixedly connected to the top of the bed (100), a spindle rotatably connected inside the spindle box (101), and a power chuck (102) fixedly connected to one end of the spindle. The power chuck (102) is used to clamp one end of the shaft (109). The first servo motor (103) is fixedly connected to one end of the spindle box (101) and is used to drive the spindle to rotate. The second rotary end includes a guide rail (105) fixedly connected to the side of the bed (100), a tailstock slide plate (104) slidably connected to the guide rail (105), a tailstock sleeve (106) fixedly connected to the top of the tailstock slide plate (104), and a rotary tip (108) rotatably connected inside the tailstock sleeve (106). The rotary tip (108) is used to support the other end of the shaft (109). The second servo motor (107) is fixedly connected to one end of the tailstock sleeve (106) and is used to drive the rotary tip (108) to rotate.

3. The drilling and polishing equipment for dual-drive synchronous differential electric upper axle vehicle parts according to claim 2, characterized in that: The processing assembly also includes a side frame (200) disposed on the side of the machine tool body (100). A stepping cylinder (201) is fixedly connected to the top of the side frame (200). A motor housing (202) is fixedly connected to the output end of the stepping cylinder (201). A rotary motor (203) is fixedly connected to the motor housing (202). The drill bit (204) is fixedly connected to the output end of the rotary motor (203). A sliding shoe (206) is fixedly connected to the side of the side frame (200). The sliding shoe (206) is slidably connected to the guide rail (105). An auxiliary slide rail (205) is also fixedly connected to the side of the machine tool body (100). The side frame (200) is slidably connected to the auxiliary slide rail (205).

4. The drilling and polishing equipment for dual-drive synchronous differential electric upper axle vehicle parts according to claim 3, characterized in that: The processing assembly also includes a sliding base plate (300) mounted on the machine tool body (100). The base plate (300) is fixedly connected to the side frame (200). A propulsion cylinder (301) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the base plate (300). A shift rod (302) is fixedly connected to the output end of the propulsion cylinder (301). The shift rod (302) is fixedly connected to the lifting seat (303). A grinding motor (305) is fixedly connected to the side of the lifting seat (303). The grinding motor (305) is used to drive the grinding disc (304) to rotate.

5. The drilling and polishing equipment for dual-drive synchronous differential electric upper axle vehicle parts according to claim 4, characterized in that: The support assembly also includes a first fulcrum (307) fixedly connected to the top of the base plate (300), the first lever (306) being rotatably connected to the first fulcrum (307), and its other end being slidably restricted within the lifting seat (303), so that when the lifting seat (303) is raised or lowered, it drives the first lever (306) to swing around the first fulcrum (307).

6. The drilling and polishing equipment for dual-drive synchronous differential electric upper axle vehicle parts according to claim 5, characterized in that: The support assembly further includes a second fulcrum (309) fixedly connected to the top of the base plate (300), the second lever (310) being rotatably connected to the second fulcrum (309), and the other end of the second lever (310) being rotatably connected to an abutment wheel (313). The abutment wheel (313) abuts against the side of the first lever (306) to drive the second lever (310) to swing in the opposite direction when the first lever (306) swings. The support assembly also includes a return spring (312), which is connected between the base plate (300) and the second lever (310) to drive the second lever (310) to return to its original position.

7. The drilling and polishing equipment for dual-drive synchronous differential electric upper axle vehicle parts according to claim 2, characterized in that, It also includes an end locking mechanism, which comprises: A locking handle (400) is rotatably connected to the interior of the rotating tip (108), with the end of the locking handle (400) facing the shaft (109); The hook plate (401) is fixedly connected to the inner side of the locking handle (400), and the hook plate (401) abuts against the end of the shaft (109); The top plate (402) is axially slidably connected to the interior of the rotary center (108), and the top plate (402) is used to abut against the end face of the shaft (109); The displacement column (403) is fixedly connected to one end of the top plate (402); A hinged seat (405) is fixedly connected to one end of the displacement column (403); The rocker (406) is rotatably connected to the interior of the hinge seat (405), and its other end is connected to the rotation point of the locking handle (400). When the displacement column (403) moves, it drives the rocker (406) to swing, causing the locking handle (400) to swing closer to the end of the shaft (109). A sleeve spring (404) is sleeved on the outside of the displacement column (403), and the sleeve spring (404) is used to drive the displacement column (403) to reset.

8. The drilling and polishing equipment for dual-drive synchronous differential electric upper axle vehicle parts according to claim 2, characterized in that: It also includes a detection device, which includes a first encoder, a second encoder and a torque detection unit. The first encoder is mounted on the first servo motor (103) and is used to detect the rotation angle of the left end of the shaft (109). The second encoder is mounted on the rotary center (108) and is used to detect the rotation angle of the right end of the shaft (109). The torque detection unit is used to detect the output torque of the first servo motor (103) and the second servo motor (107). The control component is electrically connected to the detection device.

9. The drilling and polishing equipment for dual-drive synchronous differential electric upper axle vehicle parts according to claim 8, characterized in that: It also includes an axial pressure sensor disposed inside the rotary tip (108) and a positive pressure sensor disposed on the polishing disc (304). The axial pressure sensor is used to detect the axial clamping force of the rotary tip (108) on the shaft (109), and the positive pressure sensor is used to detect the positive pressure pressed on the shaft (109) during polishing. The constant preload torque is 1.2 to 1.5 times the maximum resistance torque during polishing.

10. A method for drilling and polishing parts for a dual-drive synchronous differential electric upper axle vehicle, using the drilling and polishing equipment for dual-drive synchronous differential electric upper axle vehicle parts as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: S1, clamping steps: clamp one end of the shaft (109) on the first rotating end and the other end on the second rotating end, and control the first servo motor (103) and the second servo motor (107) to drive the shaft (109) to rotate; S2, Drilling step: Control the drill bit (204) to drill the rotating shaft (109); During the drilling process, the lifting seat (303) is in the first position, so that the rigid support ball (308) abuts against the bottom arc surface of the shaft (109) to provide drilling support; S3, support switching step: After drilling is completed, control the lifting seat (303) to move to the second position. Drive the first lever (306) to swing through the lifting of the lifting seat (303), and link the second lever (310) to swing in the opposite direction, so that the rigid support ball (308) moves away from the bottom arc surface of the shaft (109), while the flexible support ball (311) presses the top arc surface of the shaft (109); S4, Polishing step: Control the lifting seat (303) to continue moving or remain in the second position, so that the polishing disc (304) abuts against the surface of the shaft (109), and control the polishing motor (305) to drive the polishing disc (304) to rotate, polishing the shaft (109); S5, Differential speed control steps: During the polishing process, the control component applies equal and opposite torque feedforward to the first servo motor (103) and the second servo motor (107) to establish a constant preload torque between the two ends of the shaft (109); when establishing the preload, the two motors are made to run with a small speed difference to reach the set offset and then return to the same speed; when the polishing load fluctuates, the instantaneous speed of the two motors is automatically fine-tuned by the position ring to allow the instantaneous speed difference, thereby maintaining the constant offset.

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