Numerical control cutting device and cutting method

Abstract

The application discloses a numerical control cutting device and belongs to the technical field of numerical control machine tools.The device comprises a base, a cutting mechanism, a posture adjusting mechanism and a cooling mechanism.The base comprises a bottom plate, a supporting column and a mounting beam, and the bottom of the mounting beam is provided with a sliding rail groove.The cutting mechanism comprises a tool assembly, a tool clamping seat and a transmission part, the transmission part drives the tool assembly to reciprocate along the sliding rail groove, and the cutting mechanism is further provided with a tool pre-tightening mechanism, the tool pre-tightening mechanism applies a pre-tightening force to the tool assembly through a pre-tightening spring to realize precision compensation.The posture adjusting mechanism comprises a posture adjusting seat, an adjusting screw and an angle supporting frame, one end of the angle supporting frame is threadedly connected with the adjusting screw, and the other end of the angle supporting frame is hingedly connected with the tool clamping seat through a hinge seat.The application is further provided with a workpiece clamping mechanism, a parameter adjusting mechanism and a protective cover mechanism, can realize high-precision cutting control, has good cooling effect and parameter dynamic adjusting capacity, and is suitable for various machining scenes such as turning, milling and drilling.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of CNC machine tool technology, and in particular to a CNC cutting device and cutting method. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development of CNC machining technology, various CNC cutting devices and methods have been widely used. However, these products still have some problems in practical use. For example, the CNC cutting devices and methods currently on the market usually adopt traditional mechanical structure designs, which have relatively simple functions and are difficult to achieve efficient and precise cutting results when faced with complex workpiece machining.

[0003] A search revealed a positioning and cutting device for CNC machine tool machining, publication number CN118875766B. This design employs a positioning mechanism including a positioning seat, a clamping block, and a driving block. A first electric telescopic rod drives the support arm, which in turn moves the driving ring upwards, thereby driving the clamping block to clamp and position the workpiece via a first connecting rod. While this structure can achieve basic workpiece positioning and clamping, it primarily focuses on workpiece positioning and lacks comprehensive technical solutions for accuracy compensation, cooling efficiency improvement, and dynamic adjustment of cutting parameters during the cutting process. Therefore, this design is insufficient to meet the demands for efficient and precise machining of complex workpieces.

[0004] A search revealed a positioning and cutting device for CNC machine tool machining, with publication number CN120588011B. This design includes a vertically arranged frame and a drill bit rotatably mounted on the frame. A worktable is mounted on the frame, and the worktable includes a power component for rotating the drill bit, a clamping component for holding and fixing the workpiece, and a lifting component for adjusting the worktable's height. While this design can improve the drill bit's cooling efficiency and drilling accuracy, its technical solution is primarily aimed at drilling processes, limiting its application scope and making it unsuitable for various cutting scenarios such as turning and milling. Therefore, it fails to meet the demands of modern manufacturing for multifunctional, general-purpose CNC cutting devices and methods.

[0005] The aforementioned problems indicate that current CNC cutting devices and methods on the market are insufficient to effectively meet the new demands for high precision, high efficiency, multifunctionality, and intelligent control in the machining of complex workpieces. Therefore, this invention provides a CNC cutting device and method to overcome these shortcomings and offer a more efficient, intelligent, and widely applicable novel solution. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention provides a CNC cutting device that can achieve high-precision cutting control, while also having good cooling effect and dynamic parameter adjustment capability, and is applicable to various cutting processing scenarios such as turning, milling, and drilling.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0008] A CNC cutting device includes a base, a cutting mechanism, an attitude adjustment mechanism, and a cooling mechanism, wherein:

[0009] The base includes a base plate, support columns, and mounting beams. Multiple support columns are fixedly connected to the top of the base plate, and mounting beams are fixedly connected to the top of the multiple support columns. The bottom of the mounting beams is provided with slide rail grooves for guiding and supporting the cutting mechanism.

[0010] The cutting mechanism includes a tool assembly, a tool holder, and a transmission component. The tool assembly is detachably connected to the output end of the transmission component via the tool holder. The transmission component is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the slide rail groove and slidably connected to the inner wall of the slide rail groove to drive the tool assembly to reciprocate along the length of the slide rail groove. The tool assembly includes a handle, a tool body, and a cutting edge. One end of the handle is fixedly connected to the tool holder, the bottom of the tool body is fixedly connected to the other end of the handle, and the cutting edge is fixedly connected to the bottom of the tool body.

[0011] The attitude adjustment mechanism is located on the side of the machine base and includes an attitude adjustment seat, an adjustment screw, and an angle support frame. The attitude adjustment seat is fixedly connected to the outer wall of one side of the mounting beam. The adjustment screw is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the attitude adjustment seat and extends through the attitude adjustment seat to the outside. One end of the angle support frame is threadedly connected to the adjustment screw, and the other end of the angle support frame is hinged to the outer wall of the tool holder through a hinge seat. The hinge center is located on the side of the tool holder. By rotating the adjustment screw, the angle support frame is moved axially along the adjustment screw. The angle support frame rotates around the hinge seat, causing the tool holder to rotate around its center, thereby adjusting the cutting angle of the tool assembly relative to the workpiece. The angle adjustment range is 0° to 90°.

[0012] The cooling mechanism includes a coolant tank, a delivery pipeline, a nozzle, and a recovery tank. The coolant tank is fixedly installed at the bottom of the machine base. One end of the delivery pipeline is connected to the output end of the coolant tank. The nozzle is fixedly installed at the other end of the delivery pipeline and located below the tool assembly to spray coolant into the cutting area. The recovery tank is located at the top of the base plate to recycle the cutting fluid.

[0013] Optionally, the transmission component includes a drive motor, a transmission gear, and a rack. The drive motor is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the slide rail groove, the transmission gear is fixedly connected to the output end of the drive motor, and the rack is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the slide rail groove and meshes with the transmission gear, so as to convert the rotational motion of the drive motor into linear motion and thereby drive the tool assembly to move along the slide rail groove.

[0014] Optionally, the cutting mechanism further includes a tool preload mechanism, which includes a preload spring and a preload sleeve. The preload sleeve is fitted onto the outer wall of the tool holder and slidably connected to it. The preload spring is positioned between the preload sleeve and the mounting beam, with both ends abutting against the preload sleeve and the mounting beam respectively, to apply a preload force to the tool assembly during cutting to achieve accuracy compensation. The stiffness coefficient of the preload spring is K, and the preload force F acts on the tool holder through the preload spring. When the cutting force... At that time, the elastic deformation of the spring By controlling the preload, the total displacement of the tool assembly under cutting force is kept within the allowable range, thereby achieving accuracy compensation. The preload setting range is determined in advance based on the machining conditions.

[0015] Optionally, a workpiece clamping mechanism is also included. The workpiece clamping mechanism includes a worktable, a clamping base, clamping jaws, and a clamping adjustment rod. The worktable is slidably connected to the top of the base plate to support the workpiece. The clamping base is fixedly installed on the top of the worktable. Multiple clamping jaws are rotatably connected to both sides of the clamping base. The clamping adjustment rod is a threaded rod, one end of which is hinged to the middle of the clamping jaw, and the other end extends from the side of the clamping base and is provided with a handle. When the clamping adjustment rod is rotated, the threaded drive pushes the clamping jaw to rotate around the rotation connection point between it and the clamping base, so as to realize that the clamping jaw simultaneously contracts towards the center or opens outward, thereby driving the clamping jaw to clamp or release the workpiece.

[0016] Optionally, the workpiece clamping mechanism further includes clamping support plates and auxiliary rollers. The plurality of clamping support plates are respectively fixedly connected to the inner wall of the clamping base, and the auxiliary rollers are rotatably connected to the inner wall of the clamping support plates and are used to support and guide the outer wall of the workpiece to increase the stability of workpiece clamping.

[0017] Optionally, the attitude adjustment mechanism further includes an angle scale and a locking nut. The angle scale is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the attitude adjustment seat and located at the end of the adjustment screw. The locking nut is threadedly connected to the end of the adjustment screw to lock and fix the position of the angle support frame, ensuring that the tool assembly remains stable after being adjusted to the target angle.

[0018] Optionally, a parameter adjustment mechanism is also included. This mechanism comprises a parameter adjustment base, an adjustment handwheel, and a position scale. The parameter adjustment base is fixedly connected to the top of the mounting beam. The adjustment handwheel is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the parameter adjustment base and is signal-connected to the drive motor to adjust its speed. The position scale is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the parameter adjustment base to display the currently set cutting parameter value. A rotary potentiometer is fixedly connected to the shaft of the adjustment handwheel. The output of the rotary potentiometer is connected to the control unit of the drive motor via a signal line. When the operator rotates the adjustment handwheel, the resistance of the potentiometer changes, and the control unit adjusts the speed of the drive motor according to the change in resistance.

[0019] Optionally, the cooling mechanism further includes a cooling pump and a flow regulating valve. The cooling pump is fixedly installed inside the coolant tank, and the flow regulating valve is installed in the middle of the liquid delivery pipeline to regulate the spray flow rate of the coolant to meet the cooling requirements of different cutting processes.

[0020] Optionally, the cooling mechanism further includes a filter screen and a sedimentation tank. The filter screen is inclinedly disposed inside the recovery tank for solid-liquid separation of the recovered cutting fluid. The sedimentation tank is disposed at the bottom of the recovery tank to allow impurities in the cutting fluid to settle, thereby improving the recycling efficiency of the coolant. The bottom of the recovery tank has a drain outlet, which is connected to the input end of the coolant tank via a return pipe. The coolant, after being treated by the filter screen and sedimentation tank, flows back to the coolant tank by gravity, achieving coolant recycling.

[0021] Optionally, a protective cover mechanism is also included, which includes a protective cover body, an observation window, and a connecting hinge. The protective cover body is installed on the outside of the cutting mechanism, the observation window is embedded in the front surface of the protective cover body for observing the cutting process, and the connecting hinge is fixedly connected between the protective cover body and the mounting beam to realize the opening and closing operation of the protective cover body.

[0022] Optionally, the protective cover mechanism further includes a chip suction hole and a chip suction pipe. The chip suction hole is located at the bottom of the protective cover. One end of the chip suction pipe is connected to the chip suction hole, and the other end of the chip suction pipe is connected to an external chip suction device for timely removal of chips generated during the cutting process. The external chip suction device is an industrial vacuum cleaner or a centralized chip suction system. The chip suction pipe is a flexible steel wire hose, with one end connected to the chip suction hole via a flange and the other end fixedly connected to the inlet of the external chip suction device via a clamp. The external chip suction device has a power of 3kW and generates a negative pressure of not less than 1kPa.

[0023] This invention provides a CNC cutting device, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] This CNC cutting device, through its cutting mechanism, enables high-precision machining of workpieces. The transmission component employs a drive motor coupled with a transmission gear and rack structure, driving the tool assembly to move stably along the slide rail, thus ensuring motion accuracy during the cutting process. The tool preload mechanism applies a preload force to the tool assembly via a preload spring with a stiffness coefficient of K. By controlling the preload force F_c, the total displacement of the tool assembly under the cutting force F_total is kept within acceptable limits. This allows for minute displacement compensation when the tool assembly is subjected to cutting reaction forces, effectively reducing the impact of vibration on machining accuracy and achieving precision compensation.

[0025] The orientation adjustment mechanism is designed to move the angle support frame along the axis of the adjusting screw by rotating the adjusting screw. The angle support frame rotates around the hinge seat, which in turn drives the tool holder to rotate around its center, thereby adjusting the cutting angle of the tool assembly relative to the workpiece. The angle adjustment range is 0° to 90°, which can meet the application needs of various cutting processing scenarios such as turning, milling, and drilling, and improve the versatility and applicability of the device.

[0026] The cooling mechanism uses a cooling pump to deliver coolant from the coolant tank to the nozzles via pipelines. The nozzles then spray the coolant onto the cutting contact area between the tool assembly and the workpiece, effectively reducing the temperature of the cutting area, minimizing tool wear, and improving the surface finish. Simultaneously, the recycling tank, combined with a filter and sedimentation tank, features a drain outlet at the bottom connected to the coolant tank's inlet via a return pipeline, enabling the recycling of the cutting fluid, improving coolant efficiency, and reducing operating costs.

[0027] The parameter adjustment mechanism allows the speed of the drive motor to be changed by adjusting the handwheel. A rotary potentiometer is fixedly connected to the shaft of the handwheel, and the output of the potentiometer is connected to the control unit of the drive motor through a signal line. The position scale displays the currently set parameter value in real time. Operators can flexibly adjust the cutting parameters according to different workpiece materials and processing requirements to achieve dynamic adjustment of cutting parameters.

[0028] The worktable and workpiece clamping mechanism are designed to work together. The clamping adjustment rod is a threaded rod structure. By rotating the clamping adjustment rod, the threaded transmission drives the clamping jaws to rotate, which can stably clamp workpieces of different sizes and shapes and ensure the positioning accuracy of the workpieces during the cutting process.

[0029] The protective cover mechanism protects the cutting area during the cutting process. The combination of the chip suction hole and the chip suction pipe generates a negative pressure of not less than 1 kPa through the external chip suction device, which can remove the chips generated during cutting in time, keep the processing area clean, and prevent the chips from affecting the processing accuracy. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a bottom-view perspective view of the three-dimensional structure according to an embodiment of this application;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of another side of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 This is a side view sectional structural diagram according to an embodiment of this application;

[0034] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the front view cross-section structure of the present invention.

[0035] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0036] 1. Base plate; 2. Support column; 3. Mounting beam; 4. Slide rail groove; 5. Tool assembly; 6. Tool holder; 7. Tool body; 8. Cutting edge; 9. Tool holder; 10. Drive motor; 11. Transmission gear; 12. Rack; 13. Preload spring; 14. Preload sleeve; 15. Attitude adjustment seat; 16. Adjusting screw; 17. Angle support frame; 18. Angle dial; 19. Locking nut; 20. Coolant tank; 21. Infusion line; 22. Nozzle; 23. Recovery tank; 24. Cooling pump; 25. Flow regulating valve; 26. Filter screen; 27. Sedimentation tank; 28. Worktable; 29. ​​Clamping base; 30. Clamping claw; 31. Clamping adjustment rod; 32. Clamping support plate; 33. Auxiliary roller; 34. Parameter adjustment seat; 35. Adjusting handwheel. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] Specific implementation examples are given below.

[0039] Please see Figures 1 to 5 This invention provides a CNC cutting device that achieves high-precision cutting control, while also possessing good cooling performance and dynamic parameter adjustment capabilities. It is applicable to various cutting processes such as turning, milling, and drilling. This embodiment improves the structure of the CNC cutting device to give it the advantages of high precision, high versatility, and high cooling efficiency.

[0040] The present invention provides a technical solution: a CNC cutting device, which includes a base, a cutting mechanism, an attitude adjustment mechanism and a cooling mechanism. The base is used to provide support and a mounting foundation, the cutting mechanism is used to perform cutting on the workpiece, the attitude adjustment mechanism is used to adjust the cutting angle of the tool, and the cooling mechanism is used to cool the cutting area and recycle the coolant.

[0041] The base includes a base plate 1, support columns 2, and mounting beams 3. Multiple support columns 2 are fixedly connected to the top of the base plate 1, and mounting beams 3 are fixedly connected to the top of the support columns 2. A slide rail groove 4 is formed at the bottom of the mounting beam 3, extending along the length of the mounting beam 3 to guide and support the cutting mechanism. The base plate 1 is made of metal with sufficient strength and rigidity to withstand the weight of the entire device and the forces exerted during the cutting process. Four support columns 2 are evenly distributed on the top of the base plate 1, located at the four corners of the top of the base plate 1. They are fixedly connected to the base plate 1 and mounting beams 3 by welding or bolting, ensuring the overall structural stability of the base. The mounting beam 3 has a cuboid structure, and the slide rail groove 4 at its bottom is a long, narrow groove with a smooth and straight inner wall, providing a precise guide path for the reciprocating movement of the cutting mechanism.

[0042] The cutting mechanism includes a tool assembly 5, a tool holder 9, and a transmission component. The tool assembly 5 is detachably connected to the output end of the transmission component via the tool holder 9. The transmission component is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the slide rail groove 4 and slidably connected to the inner wall of the slide rail groove 4 to drive the tool assembly 5 to reciprocate along the length of the slide rail groove 4. The tool assembly 5 includes a tool holder 6, a tool body 7, and a cutting edge 8. One end of the tool holder 6 is fixedly connected to the tool holder 9, the bottom of the tool body 7 is fixedly connected to the other end of the tool holder 6, and the cutting edge 8 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the tool body 7. The tool holder 6 adopts a standardized tool clamping interface such as ISO 40 or BT40, which allows for quick assembly and disassembly with the tool holder 9, facilitating the replacement of tools of different specifications. The tool body 7 is made of cemented carbide or high-speed steel, possessing high rigidity and wear resistance. The cutting edge 8 is the cutting edge at the bottom of the tool body 7, precision ground to form a sharp cutting edge for cutting and removing material from the workpiece.

[0043] The transmission components include a drive motor 10, a transmission gear 11, and a rack 12. The drive motor 10 is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the slide rail groove 4. The transmission gear 11 is fixedly connected to the output end of the drive motor 10. The rack 12 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the slide rail groove 4 and meshes with the transmission gear 11 to convert the rotational motion of the drive motor 10 into linear motion, thereby driving the tool assembly 5 to move along the slide rail groove 4. The drive motor 10 is a servo motor or a stepper motor, with a motion accuracy of ±0.001mm, enabling precise speed and position control. The transmission gear 11 is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the drive motor 10 and rotates synchronously with the output shaft. The rack 12 is fixedly disposed on the inner wall of the slide rail groove 4 along its length. The tooth profile of the rack 12 matches the tooth profile of the transmission gear 11. After the transmission gear 11 meshes with the rack 12, the rotational motion of the transmission gear 11 is converted into linear reciprocating motion of the tool assembly 5 along the slide rail groove 4 through gear and rack transmission, thereby realizing the cutting of the workpiece.

[0044] The cutting mechanism also includes a tool preload mechanism, which includes a preload spring 13 and a preload sleeve 14. The preload sleeve 14 is fitted onto the outer wall of the tool holder 9 and is slidably connected to the tool holder 9. The preload spring 13 is disposed between the preload sleeve 14 and the mounting beam 3, with both ends abutting against the preload sleeve 14 and the mounting beam 3 respectively, to apply a preload force to the tool assembly 5 during cutting to achieve accuracy compensation. The preload sleeve 14 is a hollow cylindrical structure, with its inner wall slidingly fitted to the outer wall of the tool holder 9. Connecting portions for mounting the preload spring 13 are provided at both ends of the outer wall. The preload spring 13 is a compression spring, with one end abutting against the top of the preload sleeve 14 and the other end abutting against the bottom inner wall of the mounting beam 3. The stiffness coefficient of the preload spring 13 is K, and the preload force F acts on the tool holder 9 through the preload spring 13. When the cutting force... At that time, the elastic deformation of the spring By controlling the preload, the total displacement of the tool assembly 5 under cutting force is kept within the allowable range, with a compensation accuracy of ±0.005mm, thus achieving accuracy compensation. The preload setting range is determined in advance based on the machining conditions. During the cutting process, when the tool assembly 5 is subjected to cutting reaction force, the elastic force of the preload spring 13 enables the tool assembly 5 and the preload sleeve 14 to produce a small displacement compensation, thereby reducing the impact of vibration on machining accuracy and improving the quality of the machined surface.

[0045] The attitude adjustment mechanism is located on the side of the machine base and includes an attitude adjustment seat 15, an adjustment screw 16, and an angle support frame 17. The attitude adjustment seat 15 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of one side of the mounting beam 3. The adjustment screw 16 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the attitude adjustment seat 15 and extends through the attitude adjustment seat 15 to the outside. One end of the angle support frame 17 is threadedly connected to the adjustment screw 16, and the other end of the angle support frame 17 is hinged to the outer wall of the tool holder 9 through a hinge seat. The hinge center is located on the side of the tool holder 9. By rotating the adjustment screw 16, the angle support frame 17 is moved axially along the adjustment screw 16. The angle support frame 17 rotates around the hinge seat, causing the tool holder 9 to rotate around its center, thereby adjusting the cutting angle of the tool assembly 5 relative to the workpiece. The angle adjustment range is 0°~90°. The attitude adjustment seat 15 is an L-shaped bracket structure and is fixedly connected to the side of the mounting beam 3 by bolts. The adjusting screw 16 is a double-threaded or single-threaded rod. One end extends out of the attitude adjustment seat 15 for the operator to rotate, and the other end passes through the inner wall of the attitude adjustment seat 15 and is threadedly connected to one end of the angle support frame 17. The angle support frame 17 is a triangular or arc-shaped support structure. One end is threaded to the adjusting screw 16, and the other end is hinged to the outer wall of the tool holder 9. When the operator rotates the adjusting screw 16, the rotational motion of the adjusting screw 16 is converted into the movement of the angle support frame 17 along the axial direction of the adjusting screw 16 through threaded transmission. The angle support frame 17 pushes or pulls the tool holder 9 to rotate around the rotation connection point, thereby changing the cutting angle of the tool assembly 5 to meet the requirements of different machining methods such as turning, milling, and drilling for the tool angle.

[0046] The attitude adjustment mechanism also includes an angle scale 18 and a locking nut 19. The angle scale 18 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the attitude adjustment seat 15 and located at the end of the adjusting screw 16. The locking nut 19 is threadedly connected to the end of the adjusting screw 16 to lock and fix the position of the angle support frame 17, ensuring that the tool assembly 5 remains stable after being adjusted to the target angle. The angle scale 18 has angle scale lines engraved on its surface to indicate the current cutting angle of the tool assembly 5. The locking nut 19 is a hexagonal nut or a wing nut. After the tool assembly 5 is adjusted to the target angle, the operator tightens the locking nut 19 to lock the threaded connection between the adjusting screw 16 and the angle support frame 17, preventing the angle support frame 17 from shifting during cutting.

[0047] The cooling mechanism includes a coolant tank 20, a coolant delivery line 21, a nozzle 22, and a recovery tank 23. The coolant tank 20 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the machine base. One end of the coolant delivery line 21 is connected to the output end of the coolant tank 20. The nozzle 22 is fixedly installed at the other end of the coolant delivery line 21 and located below the tool assembly 5 to spray coolant onto the cutting area. The recovery tank 23 is located on the top of the base plate 1 for recycling the cutting fluid. The coolant tank 20 is fixedly installed on one side of the bottom of the base plate 1. The tank body is made of corrosion-resistant metal or plastic material and stores a sufficient amount of coolant. The coolant delivery line 21 is a flexible hose or a rigid pipe that delivers coolant from the coolant tank 20 to the nozzle 22. The nozzle 22 is an atomizing nozzle or a direct-shot nozzle, installed below the tool assembly 5 directly facing the cutting area. It can spray coolant in a mist or column shape onto the cutting contact area between the tool assembly 5 and the workpiece, reducing the temperature of the cutting area, reducing tool wear, and improving the surface finish. The recovery tank 23 is located on the top of the base plate 1, below the cutting area, and is used to collect the coolant flowing out of the cutting area.

[0048] The cooling system also includes a cooling pump 24 and a flow regulating valve 25. The cooling pump 24 is fixedly installed inside the coolant tank 20, and the flow regulating valve 25 is installed in the middle of the delivery pipeline 21 to regulate the spray flow rate of the coolant to meet the cooling requirements of different cutting processes. The cooling pump 24 is a centrifugal pump or a gear pump, with its input end connected to the inside of the coolant tank 20 and its output end connected to the delivery pipeline 21 via a pipeline. It is used to draw coolant from the coolant tank 20 and pressurize and deliver it to the nozzle 22. The flow regulating valve 25 is a manual or electric regulating valve, installed in the middle of the delivery pipeline 21. The operator can change the flow rate of the coolant by adjusting the opening of the flow regulating valve 25, thereby adapting to the cooling requirements of different workpiece materials and different cutting speeds.

[0049] The cooling mechanism also includes a filter screen 26 and a sedimentation tank 27. The filter screen 26 is inclinedly installed inside the recovery tank 23 for solid-liquid separation of the recovered cutting fluid. The sedimentation tank 27 is located at the bottom of the recovery tank 23 to allow impurities in the cutting fluid to settle, thereby improving the recycling efficiency of the coolant. The filter screen 26 is made of metal wire mesh or filter cloth and is installed inclinedly inside the recovery tank 23. When the recovered coolant flows through the filter screen 26, cutting particles and impurities in the coolant are trapped by the filter screen 26, and the clean coolant flows through the filter screen 26 into the sedimentation tank 27. The sedimentation tank 27 is located at the bottom of the recovery tank 23. The coolant stays in the sedimentation tank 27, and the remaining small impurity particles settle to the bottom of the tank under the action of gravity. The bottom of the recovery tank 23 is provided with a drain outlet, which is connected to the input end of the coolant tank 20 through a return pipe. The coolant treated by the filter screen 26 and the sedimentation tank 27 flows back to the coolant tank 20 by gravity, realizing the recycling of the coolant.

[0050] The workpiece clamping mechanism includes a worktable 28, a clamping base 29, clamping jaws 30, and a clamping adjustment rod 31. The worktable 28 is slidably connected to the top of the base plate 1 to support the workpiece. The clamping base 29 is fixedly installed on the top of the worktable 28. Multiple clamping jaws 30 are rotatably connected to both sides of the clamping base 29. The clamping adjustment rod 31 is a threaded rod, one end of which is hinged to the middle of the clamping jaw 30, and the other end extends from the side of the clamping base 29 and is provided with a handle. When the clamping adjustment rod 31 is rotated, the threaded drive pushes the clamping jaw 30 to rotate around its rotational connection point with the clamping base 29, so that the clamping jaw 30 simultaneously retracts towards the center or opens outward, thereby driving the clamping jaw 30 to clamp or release the workpiece. The worktable 28 has a planar structure, and its bottom is provided with a slider that slides and engages with the guide rail on the top of the base plate 1. The worktable 28 can move on the top of the base plate 1 in a direction perpendicular to the slide rail groove 4 to adjust the position of the workpiece relative to the tool assembly 5. The clamping base 29 is fixedly installed at the top center of the workbench 28 and has a frame-shaped or plate-shaped structure. The clamping claws 30 are arc-shaped or V-shaped claws, with no fewer than three, and are evenly distributed on both sides of the clamping base 29. One end of each set of clamping claws 30 is rotatably connected to the clamping base 29 via a pivot.

[0051] The workpiece clamping mechanism also includes clamping support plates 32 and auxiliary rollers 33. Multiple clamping support plates 32 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the clamping base 29. The auxiliary rollers 33 are rotatably connected to the inner wall of the clamping support plates 32 and are used to support and guide the outer wall of the workpiece, thereby increasing the stability of workpiece clamping. The clamping support plates 32 are vertically arranged plate-like structures, numbered two, and fixedly connected to both sides of the inner wall of the clamping base 29. The auxiliary rollers 33 are roller bearings or ball bearings, rotatably connected to the inner wall of the clamping support plates 32, with their outer surfaces contacting the outer wall of the workpiece. When the workpiece is clamped by the clamping jaws 30, the outer wall of the workpiece is simultaneously supported and guided by multiple auxiliary rollers 33. The auxiliary rollers 33 can rotate freely with the slight rotation of the workpiece, reducing friction between the workpiece and the clamping base 29, and improving the stability and positioning accuracy of workpiece clamping.

[0052] The parameter adjustment mechanism includes a parameter adjustment seat 34, an adjustment handwheel 35, and a position scale. The parameter adjustment seat 34 is fixedly connected to the top of the mounting beam 3. The adjustment handwheel 35 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the parameter adjustment seat 34 and is signal-connected to the drive motor 10 to adjust the speed of the drive motor 10. The position scale is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the parameter adjustment seat 34 to display the currently set cutting parameter value. The parameter adjustment seat 34 is a box-shaped or bracket structure and is fixedly connected to the top of the mounting beam 3 by bolts. The adjustment handwheel 35 is a circular handwheel and is installed on the side or top of the parameter adjustment seat 34. A rotary potentiometer is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft of the adjustment handwheel 35. The output terminal of the rotary potentiometer is connected to the control unit of the drive motor 10 through a signal line. When the operator rotates the adjustment handwheel 35, the resistance of the potentiometer changes. The control unit adjusts the speed of the drive motor 10 according to the change in resistance, thereby adjusting parameters such as cutting speed and feed rate. The position scale is in the form of a ruler or a digital display, and is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the parameter adjustment seat 34. It can display the currently set cutting speed, feed rate and other parameter values ​​in real time, which makes it convenient for operators to monitor and adjust the cutting parameters.

[0053] The protective cover mechanism includes a protective cover body, an observation window, and a connecting hinge. The protective cover body covers the outside of the cutting mechanism. The observation window is embedded in the front surface of the protective cover body for observing the cutting process. The connecting hinge is fixedly connected between the protective cover body and the mounting beam 3 to enable the opening and closing of the protective cover body. The protective cover body is a shell structure made of bent and welded metal plate, and its shape matches the shape of the cutting mechanism, allowing it to be completely enclosed inside. One side of the protective cover body is rotatably connected to the mounting beam 3 via the connecting hinge, allowing the protective cover body to open and close like a door, facilitating maintenance and tool replacement by the operator. The observation window is made of transparent glass or transparent plastic and is embedded in the front surface of the protective cover body. The operator can observe the cutting process in real time through the observation window without opening the protective cover body.

[0054] The protective cover mechanism also includes chip suction holes and a chip suction pipe. The chip suction holes are located at the bottom of the protective cover, and one end of the chip suction pipe is connected to the chip suction holes, while the other end is connected to an external chip suction device for timely removal of chips generated during the cutting process. The chip suction holes consist of multiple circular or elongated holes evenly distributed at the lowest point of the protective cover. Chips generated during cutting fall to the bottom of the protective cover under gravity and are then sucked away by the chip suction pipe through the holes. The external chip suction device is an industrial vacuum cleaner or a centralized chip suction system. The chip suction pipe is a flexible steel wire hose, with one end connected to the chip suction holes via a flange and the other end fixedly connected to the inlet of the external chip suction device via a clamp. The external chip suction device has a power of 3kW and generates a negative pressure of not less than 1kPa to ensure that chips can be effectively sucked in and transported to the chip collection container. When the external chip suction device is activated, it generates negative pressure to promptly suck out chips from inside the protective cover, keeping the processing area clean and preventing chips from affecting processing accuracy.

[0055] The working steps of the CNC cutting device in this invention are as follows:

[0056] 1. First, place the workpiece to be processed on the top of the worktable 28. Drive the clamping jaws 30 to clamp and fix the workpiece by the clamping adjustment rod 31. According to the workpiece's shape and size and clamping requirements, the workpiece can be assisted and guided by the clamping support plate 32 and auxiliary rollers 33 to improve clamping stability.

[0057] 2. Then, according to the processing requirements, adjust the cutting angle of the tool assembly 5 through the posture adjustment mechanism, rotate the adjusting screw 16 to drive the angle support frame 17 to move, the angle support frame 17 rotates around the hinge seat, and drives the tool holder 9 to rotate around its center. At the same time, observe the angle value displayed on the angle scale 18. When the angle is adjusted to the target value, tighten the locking nut 19 to lock and fix the angle.

[0058] 3. Next, according to the workpiece material and processing requirements, the speed of the drive motor 10 is adjusted by the adjustment handwheel 35 of the parameter adjustment mechanism. When the adjustment handwheel 35 rotates, it drives the rotary potentiometer to rotate. After the resistance of the potentiometer changes, it is transmitted to the control unit of the drive motor 10 through the signal line. The control unit adjusts the speed of the drive motor 10 and confirms the set cutting parameters through the position scale. At the same time, the flow rate of the coolant is adjusted by the flow regulating valve 25 of the cooling mechanism.

[0059] 4. Start the cooling pump 24. The coolant is delivered from the coolant tank 20 to the nozzle 22 through the delivery line 21. The nozzle 22 sprays the coolant into the cutting area. At the same time, start the drive motor 10. The drive motor 10 drives the transmission gear 11 to rotate. The transmission gear 11 meshes with the rack 12 and drives the tool assembly 5 to move back and forth along the slide rail 4. The tool assembly 5 performs cutting processing on the workpiece.

[0060] 5. During the cutting process, the preload spring 13 applies a preload force to the tool assembly 5 through the preload sleeve 14. The stiffness coefficient of the preload spring 13 is K. By controlling the preload force F_c, the total displacement of the tool assembly 5 under the action of the cutting force F_total is controlled within the allowable range. When the tool assembly 5 is subjected to the cutting reaction force, the elastic force of the preload spring 13 causes the tool assembly 5 to produce a small displacement compensation, reducing the impact of vibration on machining accuracy.

[0061] 6. The chips generated during cutting fall to the bottom of the protective cover. The external chip suction device generates a negative pressure of not less than 1 kPa, which sucks away the chips through the chip suction holes and the chip suction pipe, keeping the processing area clean. The coolant flowing out of the cutting area enters the recovery tank 23. After being filtered by the filter screen 26 and settled in the sedimentation tank 27, it flows back to the coolant tank 20 by gravity through the drain outlet at the bottom of the recovery tank 23 and the return pipeline, realizing the recycling of coolant.

[0062] 7. After processing is completed, turn off the drive motor 10 and the cooling pump 24, open the protective cover, and replace the cutting tool or take out the processed workpiece.

[0063] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A CNC cutting device, characterized in that: It includes a base, a cutting mechanism, an attitude adjustment mechanism, and a cooling mechanism, among which: The base includes a base plate (1), support columns (2) and mounting beams (3). Multiple support columns (2) are fixedly connected to the top of the base plate (1), and mounting beams (3) are fixedly connected to the top of the multiple support columns (2). A slide rail groove (4) is provided at the bottom of the mounting beams (3) for guiding and supporting the cutting mechanism. The cutting mechanism includes a tool assembly (5), a tool holder (9), and a transmission component. The tool assembly (5) is detachably connected to the output end of the transmission component via the tool holder (9). The transmission component is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the slide rail groove (4) and slidably connected to the inner wall of the slide rail groove (4) to drive the tool assembly (5) to reciprocate along the length direction of the slide rail groove (4). The tool assembly (5) includes a handle (6), a tool body (7), and a cutting edge (8). One end of the handle (6) is fixedly connected to the tool holder (9), the bottom of the tool body (7) is fixedly connected to the other end of the handle (6), and the cutting edge (8) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the tool body (7). The attitude adjustment mechanism is located on the side of the machine base and includes an attitude adjustment seat (15), an adjustment screw (16), and an angle support frame (17). The attitude adjustment seat (15) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of one side of the mounting beam (3). The adjustment screw (16) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the attitude adjustment seat (15) and extends through the attitude adjustment seat (15) to the outside. One end of the angle support frame (17) is threadedly connected to the adjustment screw (16). The other end of the angle support frame (17) is hinged to the outer wall of the tool holder (9) through a hinge seat. The hinge center is located on the side of the tool holder (9). By rotating the adjustment screw (16), the angle support frame (17) is driven to move axially along the adjustment screw (16). The angle support frame (17) rotates around the hinge seat, driving the tool holder (9) to rotate around its center, thereby adjusting the cutting angle of the tool assembly (5) relative to the workpiece. The angle adjustment range is 0°~90°. The cooling mechanism includes a coolant tank (20), a liquid delivery line (21), a nozzle (22), and a recovery tank (23). The coolant tank (20) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the machine base. One end of the liquid delivery line (21) is connected to the output end of the coolant tank (20). The nozzle (22) is fixedly installed at the other end of the liquid delivery line (21) and located below the tool assembly (5) to spray coolant into the cutting area. The recovery tank (23) is opened at the top of the base plate (1) to recycle the cutting fluid.

2. The CNC cutting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transmission components include a drive motor (10), a transmission gear (11), and a rack (12). The drive motor (10) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the slide rail groove (4). The transmission gear (11) is fixedly connected to the output end of the drive motor (10). The rack (12) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the slide rail groove (4) and meshes with the transmission gear (11) to convert the rotational motion of the drive motor (10) into linear motion, thereby driving the tool assembly (5) to move along the slide rail groove (4).

3. The CNC cutting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cutting mechanism also includes a tool preload mechanism, which includes a preload spring (13) and a preload sleeve (14). The preload sleeve (14) is sleeved on the outer wall of the tool holder (9) and slidably connected to the tool holder (9). The preload spring (13) is located between the preload sleeve (14) and the mounting beam (3), and its two ends abut against the preload sleeve (14) and the mounting beam (3) respectively, so as to apply a preload force to the tool assembly (5) during the cutting process to achieve accuracy compensation. The stiffness coefficient of the preload spring (13) is K, and the preload force F acts on the tool holder (9) through the preload spring (13). When the cutting force At that time, the elastic deformation of the spring By controlling the preload Make the tool assembly (5) under cutting force The total displacement under the action is controlled within the allowable range, thereby achieving precision compensation.

4. The CNC cutting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a workpiece clamping mechanism, which includes a worktable (28), a clamping base (29), clamping claws (30), and a clamping adjustment rod (31). The worktable (28) is slidably connected to the top of the base plate (1) to support the workpiece. The clamping base (29) is fixedly installed on the top of the worktable (28). Multiple clamping claws (30) are rotatably connected to both sides of the clamping base (29). The clamping adjustment rod (31) is a threaded rod. One end of the rod is hinged to the middle of the clamping claw (30), and the other end extends from the side of the clamping base (29) and is provided with a handle. When the clamping adjustment rod (31) is rotated, the threaded transmission pushes the clamping claw (30) to rotate around the rotation connection point between it and the clamping base (29), so that the clamping claw (30) can simultaneously contract towards the center or open outward, thereby driving the clamping claw (30) to clamp or release the workpiece.

5. The CNC cutting device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The workpiece clamping mechanism further includes a clamping support plate (32) and an auxiliary roller (33). The multiple clamping support plates (32) are respectively fixedly connected to the inner wall of the clamping base (29). The auxiliary roller (33) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the clamping support plate (32) and is used to support and guide the outer wall of the workpiece to increase the stability of workpiece clamping.

6. The CNC cutting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The attitude adjustment mechanism also includes an angle scale (18) and a locking nut (19). The angle scale (18) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the attitude adjustment seat (15) and located at the end of the adjustment screw (16). The locking nut (19) is threaded to the end of the adjustment screw (16) to lock and fix the position of the angle support frame (17) to ensure that the tool assembly (5) remains stable after being adjusted to the target angle.

7. The CNC cutting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a parameter adjustment mechanism, which includes a parameter adjustment seat (34), an adjustment handwheel (35), and a position scale. The parameter adjustment seat (34) is fixedly connected to the top of the mounting beam (3). The adjustment handwheel (35) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the parameter adjustment seat (34) and is signal-connected to the drive motor (10) to adjust the speed of the drive motor (10). The position scale is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the parameter adjustment seat (34) to display the currently set cutting parameter value. A rotary potentiometer is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft of the adjustment handwheel (35). The output end of the rotary potentiometer is connected to the control unit of the drive motor (10) through a signal line. When the operator rotates the adjustment handwheel (35), the resistance of the potentiometer changes. The control unit adjusts the speed of the drive motor (10) according to the change in resistance.

8. The CNC cutting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cooling mechanism also includes a cooling pump (24) and a flow regulating valve (25). The cooling pump (24) is fixedly installed inside the coolant tank (20), and the flow regulating valve (25) is installed in the middle of the liquid delivery pipeline (21) to regulate the spray flow of the coolant to meet the cooling effect requirements of different cutting processes.

9. The CNC cutting device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cooling mechanism also includes a filter screen (26) and a sedimentation tank (27). The filter screen (26) is inclinedly arranged inside the recovery tank (23) for solid-liquid separation of the recovered cutting fluid. The sedimentation tank (27) is arranged at the bottom of the recovery tank (23) to allow impurities in the cutting fluid to settle, thereby improving the recycling effect of the coolant. The bottom of the recovery tank (23) is provided with a drain outlet, which is connected to the input end of the coolant tank (20) through a return pipeline. The coolant treated by the filter screen (26) and sedimentation tank (27) is returned to the coolant tank (20) by gravity, thereby realizing the recycling of the coolant.

10. A CNC cutting method, employing the CNC cutting device as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Place the workpiece to be processed on the top of the worktable (28), and drive the clamping claw (30) to clamp and fix the workpiece by the clamping adjustment rod (31). According to the workpiece's external dimensions and clamping requirements, the workpiece is supported and guided by the clamping support plate (32) and auxiliary roller (33). Step 2: According to the processing requirements, adjust the cutting angle of the tool assembly (5) through the posture adjustment mechanism. Rotate the adjustment screw (16) to drive the angle support frame (17) to move along the axis of the adjustment screw (16). The angle support frame (17) rotates around the hinge seat, which drives the tool holder (9) to rotate around its center. At the same time, observe the angle value displayed on the angle scale (18). When the angle is adjusted to the target value, tighten the locking nut (19) to lock and fix the angle. Step 3: According to the workpiece material and processing requirements, adjust the speed of the drive motor (10) by adjusting the adjustment handwheel (35) of the parameter adjustment mechanism. When the adjustment handwheel (35) rotates, it drives the rotary potentiometer to rotate. After the resistance of the potentiometer changes, it is transmitted to the control unit of the drive motor (10) through the signal line. The control unit adjusts the speed of the drive motor (10) and confirms the set cutting parameters through the position scale. At the same time, the flow rate of the coolant is adjusted by the flow regulating valve (25) of the cooling mechanism. Step 4: Start the cooling pump (24). The coolant is delivered from the coolant tank (20) to the nozzle (22) through the delivery pipeline (21). The nozzle (22) sprays the coolant into the cutting area. At the same time, start the drive motor (10). The drive motor (10) drives the transmission gear (11) to rotate. The transmission gear (11) meshes with the rack (12) to drive the tool assembly (5) to move back and forth along the slide rail groove (4). The tool assembly (5) performs cutting processing on the workpiece. Step 5: During the cutting process, the preload spring (13) applies a preload force to the tool assembly (5) through the preload sleeve (14). The stiffness coefficient of the preload spring (13) is K. By controlling the preload force, the total displacement of the tool assembly (5) under the action of the cutting force is controlled within the allowable range. When the tool assembly (5) is subjected to the cutting reaction force, the elastic force of the preload spring (13) causes the tool assembly (5) to produce a small displacement compensation. Step 6: The chips generated during cutting fall to the bottom of the protective cover. The external chip suction device generates negative pressure and sucks the chips away through the chip suction holes and pipes. The coolant flowing out of the cutting area enters the recovery tank (23). After being filtered by the filter screen (26) and settled in the sedimentation tank (27), it flows back to the coolant tank (20) through the drain outlet at the bottom of the recovery tank (23) via the return pipe, thus realizing the recycling of coolant. Step 7: After processing is completed, turn off the drive motor (10) and the cooling pump (24), open the protective cover, replace the cutting tool or take out the processed workpiece.

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