A centerless superfinishing and polishing device for precision shaft parts

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of polishing processing of shaft parts, and particularly discloses a centerless superfinishing and polishing processing device for precise shaft parts, which comprises a base, a machine box fixedly installed at the top of the base, a processing table fixedly installed at the top of the machine box, a drivable clamping mechanism fixedly installed at the two sides of the processing table, a long shaft part to be polished clamped at the inner side of the drivable clamping mechanism, and a driving mechanism fixedly installed at the middle of the rear side of the base. The drivable clamping mechanism, the driving mechanism and a polishing mechanism are matched with each other, so that the long shaft part can be processed, the overall processing is more convenient and the processing efficiency is higher, the efficiency of the superfinishing and polishing processing of the long shaft part can be effectively improved, the labor cost and material loss in the processing process are reduced, shaft parts of different specifications can be processed, and the processing requirements of different production scenes can be met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of polishing technology for shaft parts, and in particular to a centerless ultra-precision polishing device for precision shaft parts. Background Technology

[0002] The surface quality and geometric accuracy of precision shaft parts directly determine the operational stability and service life of high-end equipment. With the rapid development of heavy equipment industries such as wind power, shipbuilding, and metallurgy, the processing demand for long, heavy-duty precision shafts with a length exceeding 3 meters and a weight of several tons continues to grow. These shafts have stringent requirements at the micron level for surface roughness, roundness, and cylindricity. Traditional grinding processes can no longer meet the processing requirements for their ultra-precision surfaces. Centerless ultra-precision grinding and polishing technology, with its advantages of high processing accuracy, minimal surface damage, and stable efficiency, has gradually become the mainstream process for the final processing of precision shaft parts.

[0003] Chinese Patent CN110695838B discloses a centerless ultra-precision grinding and polishing device for precision shaft parts, including a base and a column. The column is fixedly installed on the top plane of the base. A horizontal moving mechanism is installed on the top plane of the base, and a guide roller rotation drive mechanism is installed on the top plane of the horizontal moving mechanism. A grinding head lifting mechanism is mounted and fixed on one end face of the column. A grinding head tilting mechanism is installed on the outer plane of the crossbeam of the grinding head lifting mechanism. A grinding and polishing device is installed at the output end of the grinding head tilting mechanism. This device uses the centerless machining principle to achieve ultra-precision grinding and polishing of shaft parts with irregular stepped appearance, correcting their outer contour geometric shape errors, reducing their surface roughness, changing the microscopic surface texture, and ensuring high precision in the geometry and surface quality of precision shaft parts.

[0004] In practical applications, this device can only be adapted to the processing needs of short-range shaft parts. When dealing with heavy-duty long shafts exceeding 2 meters in length, such as wind turbine main shafts, ship intermediate shafts, and large rolling mill shafts, the stroke of its horizontal moving mechanism cannot cover the entire length of the shaft. It can only rely on manual pushing of the shaft to move it in segments along the axial direction. Manually pushing shafts weighing several tons is not only extremely labor-intensive, but also cannot achieve precise horizontal and vertical adjustment while maintaining the stable rotation posture of the shaft. Operators need to repeatedly adjust the position of the shaft to complete the processing of one shaft segment. The whole process is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and the processing cycle of a single piece is greatly extended, which cannot meet the efficiency requirements of large-scale production. During the shaft movement, it is also easy to collide and scratch with the guide roller, causing additional losses such as scrapped parts and damage to equipment components. This seriously restricts the ultra-precision grinding and polishing efficiency and operational safety of long, heavy-duty precision shaft parts. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a centerless ultra-precision grinding and polishing device for precision shaft parts, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a centerless ultra-precision polishing device for precision shaft parts, comprising a base, a housing fixedly mounted on the top of the base, a processing table fixedly mounted on the top of the housing, drivable clamping mechanisms fixedly mounted on both sides of the processing table, the inner side of the drivable clamping mechanism clamping the long shaft part to be polished, a drive mechanism fixedly mounted on the rear middle of the base, the output ends of the drive mechanism being connected to the drivable clamping mechanism, a polishing mechanism fixedly mounted on the top of the drivable clamping mechanism, the polishing mechanism being connected to the drive mechanism, and the bottom polishing end of the polishing mechanism being in contact with the surface of the long shaft part to be polished; The drivable clamping mechanism includes a side frame, which is fixedly connected to the top two sides of the processing table. A ring-shaped rotating module is fixedly installed on the top of the side frame. The rotating ends of the ring-shaped rotating module are equally spaced and arranged in a ring with drivable clamping modules. The long shaft-like parts to be polished are arranged between the inner sides of the drivable clamping modules. The ring-shaped rotating module and the drive mechanism are connected in a transmission manner.

[0007] Furthermore, the drive mechanism includes a fixed rear seat, which is fixedly installed in the middle of the top rear side of the base. A dual-axis motor is fixedly installed on the upper end of the fixed rear seat. Side shafts are fixedly installed on both output ends of the dual-axis motor. A spur gear is fixedly connected to the outer end of the side shaft. The spur gear is connected to the annular rotating module in a transmission connection.

[0008] Furthermore, it also includes a linkage module, which is fixedly installed on the upper side of the fixed rear seat, and one of the side shafts is connected to the polishing mechanism through the linkage module.

[0009] Furthermore, the linkage module includes a side connecting seat and a driving bevel gear. The side connecting seat is fixedly installed at one end of the fixed rear seat, and the driving bevel gear is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the side shaft near the side connecting seat. A driven bevel gear is rotatably connected to the bottom of the side connecting seat, and the driven bevel gear and the driving bevel gear are meshed together. A drive disk is rotatably connected to the top of the side connecting seat, and the drive disk is connected to the polishing mechanism.

[0010] Furthermore, the annular rotating module includes a circular track, which is fixedly installed on the top of the side frame. An annular carrier is slidably connected inside the circular track, and a toothed ring is fixedly connected to the outside of the annular carrier. The spur gear and the toothed ring are meshed together. The driveable clamping module is arranged in an annular pattern at equal intervals and fixedly connected to the inside of the annular carrier.

[0011] Furthermore, the polishing mechanism includes a top rail and a transmission module. The top rail is fixedly installed on the top of the circular track, and the polishing module is movably connected to the inner side of the top rail. The transmission module is fixedly installed on the top of the fixed rear seat, and the transmission module is connected to the drive disk. The drive disk is connected to the polishing module through the transmission module.

[0012] Furthermore, the polishing module includes a sliding block that is slidably connected to the inside of the top rail. A telescopic electric cylinder is fixedly installed on the top of the sliding block, and a mounting plate is fixedly installed on the bottom output end of the telescopic electric cylinder. A polishing friction block is detachably installed on the bottom of the mounting plate by screws. The polishing friction block is generally arc-shaped, and the polishing arc surface of the polishing friction block is in close contact with the surface of the long shaft-like part to be polished.

[0013] Furthermore, the transmission module includes a guide rail, which is fixedly connected to the top of the fixed rear seat. A slider is slidably connected to the inner side of the guide rail, and a linkage arm is rotatably connected to the top of the slider. The outer end of the linkage arm is rotatably connected to the top side of the drive disk via a hinge shaft. A connecting arm is fixedly installed on one side of the slider, and the outer end of the connecting arm is fixedly connected to one side of the sliding block.

[0014] Furthermore, the drivable clamping module includes an inner connecting arm, which is arranged in a ring at equal intervals and fixedly connected to the inner side of the ring-shaped carrier. The outer end of the inner connecting arm extends outward from the outer side of the ring-shaped carrier and is fixedly mounted with an outer circular seat. A clamping electric cylinder is fixedly mounted on the outer side of the outer circular seat. A concave wheel seat is fixedly mounted on the output end of the clamping electric cylinder. A drive wheel is rotatably connected to the inner side of the concave wheel seat. Anti-slip textures are evenly spaced on the outer surface of the drive wheel. A gearbox is fixedly connected to one side of the concave wheel seat. A drive motor is fixedly mounted on the outer side of the gearbox. The output end of the drive motor is connected to one side of the drive wheel through the gearbox. The inner side of the drive wheel is in close contact with the surface of the long shaft-like part to be polished.

[0015] Furthermore, a fixed shaft is fixedly installed at the middle of the front end of the top of the processing table, and a power distribution box is fixedly installed on the top of the fixed shaft. A PLC controller is fixedly installed on the power distribution box, and the PLC controller integrates a control keyboard and a display screen.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: In this invention, by setting up a drivable clamping mechanism in conjunction with a drive mechanism, the axial position adjustment of long shaft parts can be automatically completed. The moving speed and direction of the shaft can be adjusted according to the processing requirements, so that any axial segment of the shaft can correspond to the polishing processing range. There is no need to manually push the heavy shaft to move, which reduces the labor intensity of operators, shortens the processing cycle of a single piece, avoids collisions and scratches between the shaft and equipment components when manually pushed, and reduces the scrapping of parts and equipment damage. The dual-axis motor drives the two annular rotating modules at the same time, so that the rotation speed at both ends of the long shaft is consistent. The drivable clamping mechanism automatically completes the centering and clamping of the shaft without the need for manual adjustment of the clamping position. The extension and retraction stroke of the clamping electric cylinder is adjustable, which can clamp shaft parts of different diameters. By setting up a linkage module and a drive mechanism, it can use the same power source to simultaneously drive the rotation of the shaft and the reciprocating movement of the polishing module, reducing the number of power sources required for the device and simplifying the overall structure. The polishing mechanism reciprocates along the shaft axis, working in conjunction with the rotating and axially moving shaft to complete full-surface polishing. The polishing friction block is detachable and replaceable. The PLC controller uniformly controls the operating parameters of each component, adjusting various parameters to achieve different processing effects. The cooperation of each mechanism replaces the manual operation of pushing the shaft, improving processing efficiency, reducing labor costs and material losses, adapting to the processing of shaft parts of different specifications, and meeting the needs of different production scenarios. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the rear view structure in this invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure viewed from below in this invention; Figure 4 This is a top view of the structure in this invention; Figure 5 This is a side view of the structure in this invention; Figure 6 This is a bottom view schematic diagram of the driving mechanism and polishing mechanism in this invention; Figure 7 This is a rear view schematic diagram of the driving mechanism and polishing mechanism in this invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of the drivable clamping mechanism in this invention.

[0018] In the diagram: 1. Base; 2. Chassis; 3. Machining table; 4. Driveable clamping mechanism; 41. Side frame; 42. Annular rotating module; 421. Circular track; 422. Annular carrier; 423. Gear ring; 43. Driveable clamping module; 431. Inner connecting arm; 432. Outer circular seat; 433. Clamping electric cylinder; 434. Concave wheel seat; 435. Drive wheel; 436. Anti-slip texture; 437. Gearbox; 438. Drive motor; 5. Long shaft-like part to be polished; 6. Drive mechanism; 61. Fixed rear seat; 6 2. Dual-axis motor; 63. Side shaft; 64. Spur gear; 65. Linkage module; 651. Side connecting seat; 652. Driving bevel gear; 653. Driven bevel gear; 654. Drive plate; 7. Polishing mechanism; 71. Top rail; 72. Transmission module; 721. Guide rail; 722. Slider; 723. Linkage arm; 724. Connecting arm; 73. Polishing module; 731. Sliding block; 732. Telescopic electric cylinder; 733. Mounting plate frame; 734. Polishing friction block; 8. Fixed shaft; 9. Distribution box; 10. PLC controller. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] Please see Figures 1 to 8 In this embodiment of the invention, a centerless ultra-precision polishing device for precision shaft parts includes a base 1, a housing 2 fixedly installed on the top of the base 1, a processing table 3 fixedly installed on the top of the housing 2, a drivable clamping mechanism 4 fixedly installed on both sides of the processing table 3, the inner side of the drivable clamping mechanism 4 clamps the long shaft part 5 to be polished, a drive mechanism 6 fixedly installed in the middle of the rear side of the base 1, the output ends on both sides of the drive mechanism 6 are connected to the drivable clamping mechanism 4, a polishing mechanism 7 fixedly installed on the top of the drivable clamping mechanism 4, the polishing mechanism 7 and the drive mechanism 6 are connected to each other, and the bottom polishing end of the polishing mechanism 7 is in contact with the surface of the long shaft part 5 to be polished. The drivable clamping mechanism 4 includes a side frame 41, which is fixedly connected to the top of the processing table 3 on both sides. A ring-shaped rotating module 42 is fixedly installed on the top of the side frame 41. Drivable clamping modules 43 are evenly spaced and arranged in a ring at the rotating ends of the ring-shaped rotating module 42. The long shaft-like part 5 to be polished is placed between the inner sides of the drivable clamping modules 43. The ring-shaped rotating module 42 and the drive mechanism 6 are connected for transmission. During application, the drivable clamping mechanism 4 cooperates with the drive mechanism 6, allowing the long shaft-like part 5 to be polished to be placed between the two drivable clamping mechanisms 4. The multiple drivable clamping modules 43 on the ring-shaped rotating module 42 clamp and fix the shaft. The drive mechanism 6 drives the ring-shaped rotating modules 42 on both sides to rotate synchronously, thereby driving all the drivable clamping modules 43 to rotate as a whole, allowing the shaft to rotate around its own axis. The polishing mechanism 7 is connected to the drive mechanism 6 and can perform polishing operations synchronously with the operation of the drive mechanism 6, so that the circumferential surface of the shaft can fully contact the polishing end of the polishing mechanism 7. There is no need to manually rotate the shaft, reducing the labor intensity of the operator. The drivable clamping mechanisms 4 on both sides clamp both ends of the shaft, so that long shaft parts can maintain a stable state during processing. The drivable clamping modules 43 are arranged in a ring at equal intervals, which can clamp the shaft from multiple angles to ensure that the shaft will not shift during rotation. The drive mechanism 6 is also connected to the ring rotating modules 42 on both sides, so that the rotation of both ends of the shaft can be kept consistent, avoiding uneven force on the shaft during processing. The polishing mechanism 7 is fixedly installed on the top of the drivable clamping mechanism 4, so that the polishing end can always keep in contact with the surface of the shaft, completing the ultra-precision polishing of the outer surface of the shaft.

[0021] Please see Figures 1-7The drive mechanism 6 includes a fixed rear seat 61, which is fixedly installed in the middle of the top rear side of the base 1. A dual-axis motor 62 is fixedly installed on the upper end of the fixed rear seat 61. Side shafts 63 are fixedly installed on both output ends of the dual-axis motor 62. A spur gear 64 is fixedly connected to the outer end of the side shaft 63. The spur gear 64 is connected to the annular rotating module 42 for transmission. During the application of this device, by setting the dual-axis motor 62 as the core power source, the dual-axis motor 62 can output rotational power to both sides simultaneously after starting. The power is transmitted to the spur gear 64 through the side shafts 63 on both sides. The spur gear 64 drives the annular rotating module 42. 2. The fixed rear seat 61 provides stable mounting support for the dual-axis motor 62, ensuring that the dual-axis motor 62 will not shift position during operation and guaranteeing continuous power transmission. The dual-axis motor 62 simultaneously drives the spur gears 64 on both sides to rotate, so that the rotation speed and rotation rhythm of the two annular rotating modules 42 are consistent. There is no need to set up an additional synchronization control device to match the speed on both sides, reducing the number of components in the device. The transmission method of the spur gears 64 can directly transmit the rotational power of the motor to the annular rotating module 42 without any loss during power transmission, ensuring that the rotation of the annular rotating module 42 meets the processing requirements.

[0022] Please see Figures 1-7 It also includes a linkage module 65, which is fixedly installed on the upper side of the fixed back seat 61. A side shaft 63 is connected to the polishing mechanism 7 through the linkage module 65. During the application of this device, by setting the linkage module 65 on the upper end of the fixed back seat 61, the power can be split and transmitted by relying on the rotational power output by the side shaft 63. This allows the same dual-axis motor 62 to drive the annular rotating module 42 to run simultaneously with the polishing mechanism 7 through the linkage module 65. There is no need to configure an independent power device for the polishing mechanism 7, which can reduce the overall components of the equipment and simplify the overall operating structure of the equipment. The linkage module 65 is fixedly installed by the fixed back seat 61, which can keep the power transmission position fixed and allow the power output by the side shaft 63 to be stably transmitted to the polishing mechanism 7, realizing the synchronous operation of shaft rotation and polishing, which meets the operation requirements of continuous polishing of long shaft parts.

[0023] Please see Figures 1-7The linkage module 65 includes a side connecting seat 651 and a driving bevel gear 652. The side connecting seat 651 is fixedly installed at one end of the fixed rear seat 61. The driving bevel gear 652 is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the side shaft 63 near the side connecting seat 651. The bottom of the side connecting seat 651 is rotatably connected to the driven bevel gear 653, and the driven bevel gear 653 and the driving bevel gear 652 are meshed together. The top of the side connecting seat 651 is rotatably connected to the drive disk 654, and the drive disk 654 is connected to the polishing mechanism 7. During the application of this device, by setting up the linkage module 65 composed of the side connecting seat 651, the driving bevel gear 652, the driven bevel gear 653, and the drive disk 654, the driving bevel gear 652 can be driven to rotate synchronously by the rotation of the side shaft 63 during use. The active bevel gear 652 drives the driven bevel gear 653 to rotate through meshing, which can change the original power transmission direction and convert the horizontal rotational power into the vertical transmission power. The side connecting seat 651 can provide stable rotational support for the bevel gear and the drive disk 654, ensuring the orderly operation of each transmission component. The converted power can drive the drive disk 654 to run continuously, and the drive disk 654 then stably transmits the power to the polishing mechanism 7. The entire transmission structure can rely on the single power of the dual-axis motor 62 to complete the driving operation of the polishing mechanism 7 without the need for additional power components, which can simplify the overall structure of the equipment. At the same time, it can realize the synchronous linkage between the rotational motion of the shaft and the motion of the polishing mechanism 7, matching the continuous polishing process of shaft parts.

[0024] Please see Figures 3-7The annular rotating module 42 includes a circular track 421, which is fixedly installed on the top of the side frame 41. An annular carrier 422 is slidably connected inside the circular track 421, and a toothed ring 423 is fixedly connected to the outside of the annular carrier 422. A spur gear 64 meshes with the toothed ring 423. A driveable clamping module 43 is arranged in a ring at equal intervals and fixedly connected to the inside of the annular carrier 422. During the application of this device, by setting up the annular rotating module 42 composed of the circular track 421, the annular carrier 422, and the toothed ring 423, the spur gear 64 can drive the toothed ring 423 to rotate through the meshing relationship after it rotates during use. The toothed ring 423 can drive the annular carrier 422 to rotate on the circular track. The internal sliding mechanism 421 operates smoothly. The circular track 421 can constrain the running trajectory of the annular carrier 422, limiting its range of motion and preventing positional deviation during operation. During rotation, the annular carrier 422 can drive the drivable clamping modules 43, which are arranged in an evenly spaced ring on the inner side, to perform circumferential motion synchronously. This allows the clamped long shaft parts to maintain a uniform rotation. The entire transmission system can stably transmit power through gear meshing, ensuring smooth and regular rotation of the shaft parts. This meets the polishing requirements of the entire outer surface of long shaft parts, eliminating the need for manual intervention to adjust the shaft rotation. It continuously works with the polishing mechanism 7 to complete the polishing operation.

[0025] Please see Figures 3-7 The polishing mechanism 7 includes a top rail 71 and a transmission module 72. The top rail 71 is fixedly installed on the top of the circular track 421, and the polishing module 73 is movably connected to the inner side of the top rail 71. The transmission module 72 is fixedly installed on the top of the fixed rear seat 61, and the transmission module 72 is connected to the drive disk 654. The drive disk 654 is also connected to the polishing module 73 via the transmission module 72. During application, the device forms a complete polishing mechanism 7 by setting the top rail 71, the transmission module 72, and the polishing module 73. This allows the power output by the drive disk 654 to be transmitted through the transmission module 72, driving the polishing module 73 on the top rail 71. The inner side reciprocates, and the top rail 71 can limit the movement path of the polishing module 73, so that the polishing module 73 always completes the reciprocating movement along a fixed trajectory. The transmission module 72 can receive the power of the drive disk 654 and stably drive the polishing module 73 to run. It can match the movement rhythm of the polishing module 73 with the overall processing rhythm of the equipment. Relying on the cooperation of each structure, the polishing module 73 can continuously perform reciprocating polishing operations on the surface of shaft parts. It completes all-round processing in conjunction with the rotation of the shaft parts. There is no need for manual adjustment of the polishing position and polishing stroke. It can fully adapt to the overall polishing process of long shaft parts.

[0026] Please see Figures 3-7The polishing module 73 includes a sliding block 731, which is slidably connected to the inside of the top rail 71. A telescopic electric cylinder 732 is fixedly installed on the top of the sliding block 731, and a mounting plate 733 is fixedly installed on the bottom output end of the telescopic electric cylinder 732. A polishing friction block 734 is detachably installed on the bottom of the mounting plate 733 by screws. The polishing friction block 734 is arc-shaped, and its polishing arc surface is in close contact with the surface of the long shaft-like part 5 to be polished. During the application of this device, the polishing module 73 is composed of the sliding block 731, the telescopic electric cylinder 732, the mounting plate 733, and the polishing friction block 734. This allows the sliding block 731 to slide within the top rail 71 during use, thereby driving the entire polishing module 73. Following the transmission structure to complete the reciprocating movement operation, the telescopic electric cylinder 732 can autonomously control the vertical extension stroke, which can drive the mounting plate 733 and the polishing friction block 734 to move up and down, thereby adjusting the contact state between the polishing friction block 734 and the surface of the shaft part to adapt to the fitting requirements of different processing conditions. The polishing friction block 734 is fixed to the bottom of the mounting plate 733 by a screw-removable installation method. The appropriate polishing friction block 734 can be replaced according to the different specifications of shaft parts. The arc-shaped polishing friction block 734 can fit the circular outer surface of the shaft part, which can increase the polishing contact area and allow the polishing friction block 734 to fit the surface of the shaft part to complete the uniform polishing operation. Together with the overall motion structure of the equipment, it completes the polishing processing of the outer surface of long shaft parts.

[0027] Please see Figures 5-7The transmission module 72 includes a guide rail 721, which is fixedly connected to the top of the fixed rear seat 61. A slider 722 is slidably connected to the inner side of the guide rail 721. A linkage arm 723 is rotatably connected to the top of the slider 722. The outer end of the linkage arm 723 is rotatably connected to the top side of the drive disk 654 via a hinge shaft. A connecting arm 724 is fixedly installed on one side of the slider 722. The outer end of the connecting arm 724 is fixedly connected to one side of the sliding block 731. During the application of this device, the transmission module 72, composed of the guide rail 721, slider 722, linkage arm 723, and connecting arm 724, allows the linkage arm 723 to perform a cyclic swinging motion as the drive disk 654 rotates continuously. When the linkage arm 723 is in motion... The slider 722 can be pulled to slide back and forth along the inner side of the guide rail 721. The guide rail 721 can constrain the movement trajectory of the slider 722, keeping the slider 722 in a horizontal and regular sliding state. While the slider 722 is sliding, the connecting arm 724 can drive the sliding block 731 inside the top rail 71 to move synchronously, thereby converting the rotational motion of the drive disk 654 into the linear reciprocating motion of the polishing module 73. This can continuously drive the polishing friction block 734 to perform reciprocating polishing action on the surface of the shaft part. The whole structure can stably transmit the power output of the linkage module 65, continuously match the rotational processing rhythm of the shaft part, and complete the polishing displacement adjustment by mechanical transmission throughout the process. There is no need for manual assistance to adjust the polishing position, and it continuously cooperates to complete the overall grinding and polishing process of long shaft parts.

[0028] Please see Figures 5-7The drivable clamping module 43 includes inner connecting arms 431, which are arranged in a ring at equal intervals and fixedly connected to the inner side of the ring-shaped carrier 422. The outer ends of the inner connecting arms 431 extend outward from the outer side of the ring-shaped carrier 422 and are fixedly mounted with outer circular seats 432. A clamping electric cylinder 433 is fixedly mounted on the outer side of the outer circular seats 432. A concave wheel seat 434 is fixedly mounted on the output end of the clamping electric cylinder 433. A drive wheel 435 is rotatably connected to the inner side of the concave wheel seat 434. Anti-slip textures 436 are evenly spaced on the outer surface of the drive wheel 435. A gearbox 437 is fixedly connected to one side of the concave wheel seat 434. A drive motor 438 is fixedly mounted on the outside of 37. The output end of the drive motor 438 is connected to one side of the drive wheel 435 through the gearbox 437. To avoid cable interference caused by rotational motion, an annular conductive slip ring (not shown in the figure) is provided at the joint surface of the annular carrier 422 and the circular track 421. The power lines and signal lines of the clamping electric cylinder 433 and the drive motor 438 are all connected to the external power distribution box 9 through the annular conductive slip ring to achieve stable power supply and signal transmission in continuous circumferential rotation. The inner side of the drive wheel 435 is in close contact with the surface of the long shaft part 5 to be polished. This device applies... During this process, a driveable clamping module 43 is constructed by setting up an inner connecting arm 431, an outer circular seat 432, a clamping electric cylinder 433, a concave wheel seat 434, a drive wheel 435, a gearbox 437, and a drive motor 438. This allows the inner connecting arm 431 to evenly arrange the entire clamping structure inside the annular carrier 422 during use, enabling the clamping of long shaft-like parts from multiple directions. The clamping electric cylinder 433 can autonomously control its extension and retraction stroke, driving the concave wheel seat 434 and the drive wheel 435 to adjust their position closer to or further away from the shaft. This allows for clamping operations of shaft parts with different outer diameters. The motor 438 can output power to the drive wheel 435 through the gearbox 437, which can drive the drive wheel 435 with anti-slip texture 436 to rotate autonomously. During the operation of the drive wheel 435 in contact with the surface of the shaft, it can drive the shaft to complete the axial feed movement by relying on friction. There is no need to manually push heavy long shaft parts. The anti-slip texture 436 can increase the contact friction between the drive wheel 435 and the surface of the shaft, avoid slippage between the two, make the axial movement of the shaft more stable, and can accurately switch the polishing position of the shaft. In conjunction with the overall structure of the equipment, it can complete the segmented and comprehensive polishing of long shaft parts.

[0029] Please see Figures 5-7A fixed shaft 8 is fixedly installed at the top front end of the processing table 3. A power distribution box 9 is fixedly installed on the top of the fixed shaft 8. A PLC controller 10 is fixedly installed on the power distribution box 9. The PLC controller 10 integrates a control keyboard and a display screen. During the application of this device, by setting up the fixed shaft 8, the power distribution box 9 and the PLC controller 10 with integrated control keyboard and display screen, the operator can input various processing operation commands using the control keyboard. The display screen can synchronously display the real-time operating status of each moving part of the equipment. The fixed shaft 8 and the power distribution box 9 provide a stable placement carrier for the PLC controller 10, which can prevent the controller from shaking or shifting during the operation of the equipment. The PLC controller 10 can uniformly receive the operation feedback signals of each power component of the equipment, and then output corresponding control commands to adjust the start, stop and operation status of the clamping electric cylinder 433, the drive motor 438 and the dual-axis motor 62. The entire electrical control structure can coordinate and manage all processing steps such as shaft clamping, axial feed, shaft rotation and polishing reciprocating movement, without the need for the operator to manage each set of mechanical structures separately, simplifying the operation process of overall polishing processing of long shaft parts.

[0030] The working principle of this invention is as follows: During application, the operator inputs the corresponding processing parameters through the control keyboard on the PLC controller 10, and simultaneously starts multiple sets of drivable clamping modules 43 distributed inside the annular carrier 422. Each set of clamping electric cylinders 433 extends synchronously, pushing the concave wheel seat 434 to move towards the long shaft part 5 to be polished, until the outer surface of all drive wheels 435 is in close contact with the outer surface of the shaft. Multiple sets of drive wheels 435 work together from different angles to complete the centering and clamping of the shaft.

[0031] The drive motor 438 is started, and the drive motor 438 drives the drive wheel 435 to rotate through the gearbox 437. The friction between the drive wheel 435 and the surface of the shaft causes the shaft to move axially. The forward and reverse rotation of the drive motor 438 controls the axial movement direction of the shaft, and the rotational speed of the drive motor 438 controls the axial movement speed of the shaft. This adjusts the lateral position of the shaft below the polishing mechanism 7, so that any axial segment of the shaft can accurately correspond to the processing range of the polishing friction block 734. When the shaft moves to the target processing segment, the drive motor 438 keeps running at a low speed or stops. The dual-axis motor 62 is started, and the dual-axis motor 62 drives the spur gear 64 to rotate through the side shafts 63 at both output ends. Gear 64 meshes with the toothed ring 423 on the outer side of the annular carrier 422, causing the annular carrier 422 to rotate along the circular track 421. The annular carrier 422 drives all the driveable clamping modules 43 to rotate as a whole, which in turn drives the shaft to rotate around its own axis through the drive wheel 435, so that the entire circumferential surface of the shaft can make full contact with the polishing friction block 734 in sequence. In order to avoid the surface joint difference caused by segmented processing, the drive motor 438 drives the shaft to move slowly and continuously axially at an extremely low speed. At the same time, the dual-axis motor 62 drives the shaft to rotate circumferentially, so that the polishing friction block 734 forms an overlapping spiral polishing trajectory on the surface of the shaft, thereby realizing the processing of the entire length of the shaft.

[0032] The telescopic electric cylinder 732 is activated, causing the mounting plate 733 to move downwards, making the polishing arc surface of the polishing friction block 734 tightly fit against the outer surface of the shaft. Simultaneously, the dual-axis motor 62 drives the side shaft 63 to rotate, which in turn drives the driving bevel gear 652 to rotate. The driving bevel gear 652 meshes with the driven bevel gear 653, causing the drive disc 654 to rotate. The drive disc 654, via the hinge shaft, drives the linkage arm 723 to reciprocate. The linkage arm 723 drives the slider 722 to reciprocate along the guide rail 721. The slider 722, via the connecting arm 724, drives the sliding block 731 to reciprocate along the top rail 71. The sliding block 731 drives the telescopic electric cylinder 732, the mounting plate 733, and the polishing friction block 734 to reciprocate along the axial direction of the shaft. The polishing friction block 734 generates continuous relative friction with the surface of the shaft, which is rotating and moving axially at the same time, thereby completing the ultra-precision polishing of the outer surface of the shaft. During the processing, the PLC controller 10 uniformly controls the speed of the dual-axis motor 62, the speed of the drive motor 438, the extension length of the telescopic electric cylinder 732, and the reciprocating frequency of the polishing module 73. According to the processing requirements of different shafts, various parameters are adjusted to achieve processing effects with different precision and roughness.

[0033] After processing, the telescopic electric cylinder 732 drives the mounting plate 733 and polishing friction block 734 to return to their upward position. The drive motor 438 stops rotating, the shaft stops axial movement, the dual-axis motor 62 stops rotating, the shaft stops rotating, and all sets of clamping electric cylinders 433 retract synchronously, driving the concave wheel seat 434 and drive wheel 435 to return to their outward position. The operator then removes the processed shaft. This technical solution achieves automatic axial position adjustment of the shaft by driving the drive wheel 435 with the drive motor 438, eliminating the need for manual pushing of heavy-duty long shafts, reducing the labor intensity of operators, shortening the processing cycle of a single piece, and avoiding collisions and scratches between the shaft and equipment components during manual pushing, thus reducing the scrapping of parts and equipment damage. Furthermore, the dual-axis motor 62 simultaneously drives the annular rotating modules 42 on both sides, ensuring that the rotation speed at both ends of the long shaft remains consistent. The linkage module 65 simultaneously transmits the power of the dual-axis motor 62 to the polishing mechanism 7, reducing the number of power sources required by the device and simplifying the overall structure of the device. The polishing friction block 734 is detachably installed at the bottom of the mounting plate 733 by screws, and the polishing friction block 734 of the corresponding specification can be replaced according to the shaft parts of different diameters. The extension and retraction stroke of the clamping electric cylinder 433 is adjustable, which can clamp shaft parts of different diameters, expanding the processing application range of the device. The PLC controller 10 integrates a control keyboard and display screen, making it convenient for operators to input processing parameters and view the operating status of each component.

[0034] The PLC controller 10, as the core control unit of this device, receives detection signals from various sensors and outputs control commands to all motors. A pressure sensor is installed between the output end of each clamping cylinder 433 and the concave wheel seat 434. The pressure sensor detects the contact pressure between the drive wheel 435 and the shaft surface in real time. When the contact pressure reaches a preset value, the PLC controller 10 controls the corresponding clamping cylinder 433 to stop extending and maintain the current state. A rotary encoder is installed on the output shaft of each drive motor 438. The rotary encoder detects the rotational speed and rotational angle of the drive motor 438. The PLC controller 10 calculates the axial movement distance and speed of the shaft based on the feedback signal from the rotary encoder. When the shaft moves to the preset processing position, the PLC controller 10 controls the drive motor 438 to stop rotating or adjust to the preset speed. Rotary encoders are installed on the side shafts 63 of the dual-axis motor 62 on both sides. The rotary encoders detect the rotational speed and rotational angle of the dual-axis motor 62. The PLC controller 10 synchronously adjusts the output speed of both sides of the dual-axis motor 62 based on the feedback signals from the encoders on both sides. To ensure consistent rotational speeds at both ends of the long shaft, a displacement sensor and a pressure sensor are installed between the output end of the telescopic cylinder 732 and the mounting plate 733. The displacement sensor detects the extension length of the telescopic cylinder 732, and the pressure sensor detects the contact pressure between the polishing friction block 734 and the shaft surface. The PLC controller 10 controls the extension amount of the telescopic cylinder 732 based on the feedback signal from the displacement sensor and adjusts the output thrust of the telescopic cylinder 732 based on the feedback signal from the pressure sensor, so that the polishing friction block 734 maintains a stable contact pressure with the shaft surface. Limit switches are installed at both ends of the top rail 71, and a linear displacement sensor is installed on the inner side of the guide rail 721. The linear displacement sensor detects the real-time position of the slider 722. The PLC controller 10 controls the reciprocating range and frequency of the polishing module 73 based on the feedback signal from the linear displacement sensor. The limit switches act as limit protection devices. When the slider 731 moves to both ends of the top rail 71 or when the slider 722 moves to both ends of the guide rail 721, the limit switches are triggered, and the PLC controller 10 immediately controls the drive plate 654 to stop rotating and run in reverse.

Claims

1. A centerless ultra-precision grinding and polishing device for precision shaft parts, characterized in that, The system includes a base (1), a housing (2) fixedly mounted on the top of the base (1), a processing table (3) fixedly mounted on the top of the housing (2), a drivable clamping mechanism (4) fixedly mounted on both sides of the processing table (3), a long shaft part (5) to be polished being clamped on the inner side of the drivable clamping mechanism (4), a drive mechanism (6) fixedly mounted on the middle of the rear side of the base (1), the output ends on both sides of the drive mechanism (6) being connected to the drivable clamping mechanism (4) for transmission, a polishing mechanism (7) fixedly mounted on the top of the drivable clamping mechanism (4), the polishing mechanism (7) being connected to the drive mechanism (6) for transmission, and the bottom polishing end of the polishing mechanism (7) being in contact with the surface of the long shaft part (5) to be polished; The driveable clamping mechanism (4) includes a side frame (41), which is fixedly connected to the top two sides of the processing table (3). A ring-shaped rotating module (42) is fixedly installed on the top of the side frame (41). Driveable clamping modules (43) are installed at equal intervals in a ring at the rotating ends of the ring-shaped rotating module (42). The long shaft-like parts (5) to be polished are arranged between the inner sides of the driveable clamping modules (43). The ring-shaped rotating module (42) and the drive mechanism (6) are connected in a transmission.

2. The centerless ultra-precision grinding and polishing device for precision shaft parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drive mechanism (6) includes a fixed rear seat (61), which is fixedly installed in the middle of the top rear side of the base (1). A dual-axis motor (62) is fixedly installed on the upper end of the fixed rear seat (61). Side shafts (63) are fixedly installed on both output ends of the dual-axis motor (62). A spur gear (64) is fixedly connected to the outer end of the side shaft (63). The spur gear (64) is connected to the annular rotating module (42) in a transmission connection.

3. The centerless ultra-precision grinding and polishing device for precision shaft parts according to claim 2, characterized in that, It also includes a linkage module (65), which is fixedly installed on the upper side of the fixed rear seat (61), and one of the side shafts (63) is connected to the polishing mechanism (7) through the linkage module (65).

4. The centerless ultra-precision grinding and polishing device for precision shaft parts according to claim 3, characterized in that, The linkage module (65) includes a side connecting seat (651) and an active bevel gear (652). The side connecting seat (651) is fixedly installed at one end of the fixed rear seat (61). The active bevel gear (652) is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the side shaft (63) near the side connecting seat (651). The bottom of the side connecting seat (651) is rotatably connected to a driven bevel gear (653). The driven bevel gear (653) and the active bevel gear (652) are meshed together. The top of the side connecting seat (651) is rotatably connected to a drive disk (654). The drive disk (654) and the polishing mechanism (7) are connected in a transmission.

5. The centerless ultra-precision grinding and polishing device for precision shaft parts according to claim 4, characterized in that, The annular rotating module (42) includes a circular track (421), which is fixedly installed on the top of the side frame (41). An annular carrier (422) is slidably connected inside the circular track (421), and a toothed ring (423) is fixedly connected to the outside of the annular carrier (422). The spur gear (64) and the toothed ring (423) are meshed together. The driveable clamping module (43) is arranged in an annular pattern at equal intervals and fixedly connected to the inside of the annular carrier (422).

6. The centerless ultra-precision grinding and polishing device for precision shaft parts according to claim 5, characterized in that, The polishing mechanism (7) includes a top rail (71) and a transmission module (72). The top rail (71) is fixedly installed on the top of the circular track (421). The polishing module (73) is movably connected to the inner side of the top rail (71). The transmission module (72) is fixedly installed on the top of the fixed back seat (61). The transmission module (72) and the drive disk (654) are connected in a transmission manner. The drive disk (654) is connected in a transmission manner to the polishing module (73) through the transmission module (72).

7. The centerless ultra-precision grinding and polishing device for precision shaft parts according to claim 6, characterized in that, The polishing module (73) includes a sliding block (731), which is slidably connected to the inside of the top rail (71). A telescopic electric cylinder (732) is fixedly installed on the top of the sliding block (731), and a mounting plate (733) is fixedly installed at the bottom output end of the telescopic electric cylinder (732). A polishing friction block (734) is detachably installed on the bottom of the mounting plate (733) by screws. The polishing friction block (734) is arc-shaped, and the polishing arc surface of the polishing friction block (734) is closely fitted with the surface of the long shaft part (5) to be polished.

8. The centerless ultra-precision grinding and polishing device for precision shaft parts according to claim 7, characterized in that, The transmission module (72) includes a guide rail (721), which is fixedly connected to the top of the fixed back seat (61). A slider (722) is slidably connected to the inner side of the guide rail (721). A linkage arm (723) is rotatably connected to the top of the slider (722). The outer end of the linkage arm (723) and the top side of the drive disk (654) are rotatably connected to the drive disk (654) through a hinge shaft. A connecting arm (724) is fixedly installed on one side of the slider (722). The outer end of the connecting arm (724) is fixedly connected to one side of the sliding block (731).

9. The centerless ultra-precision grinding and polishing device for precision shaft parts according to claim 8, characterized in that, The driveable clamping module (43) includes an inner connecting arm (431), which is arranged in a ring at equal intervals and fixedly connected to the inner side of the ring-shaped carrier (422). The outer end of the inner connecting arm (431) extends outward from the outer side of the ring-shaped carrier (422) and is fixedly mounted with an outer circular seat (432). A clamping electric cylinder (433) is fixedly mounted on the outer side of the outer circular seat (432). A concave wheel seat (434) is fixedly mounted on the output end of the clamping electric cylinder (433). The inner side of the concave wheel seat (434) is... A drive wheel (435) is rotatably connected. Anti-slip patterns (436) are evenly spaced on the outer surface of the drive wheel (435). A gearbox (437) is fixedly connected to one side of the concave wheel seat (434). A drive motor (438) is fixedly installed on the outside of the gearbox (437). The output end of the drive motor (438) is connected to one side of the drive wheel (435) through the gearbox (437). The inner side of the drive wheel (435) is in close contact with the surface of the long shaft part (5) to be polished.

10. The centerless ultra-precision grinding and polishing device for precision shaft parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, A fixed shaft (8) is fixedly installed at the middle of the front end of the top of the processing table (3). A power distribution box (9) is fixedly installed on the top of the fixed shaft (8). A PLC controller (10) is fixedly installed on the power distribution box (9). The PLC controller (10) is equipped with an operating keyboard and a display screen.

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