Ice storage solar vehicle air conditioner and control method

Abstract

The application discloses an ice storage type solar parking air conditioner and a control method, relates to the technical field of vehicle-mounted air conditioners and energy supply control, and comprises a shaped composite phase change material with a phase change temperature of 5-12 DEG C filled in an internal storage mechanism; a cold release execution module cooperates with the storage mechanism to form a direct blowing heat exchange path, an indirect heat exchange path and an intermittent pulse heat exchange path; a detection and communication module acquires vehicle state, cabin temperature, storage battery power, storage state and external prediction information; and a control module pre-adjusts storage priority and charging power according to external prediction information in a driving storage stage, and dynamically switches among the three heat exchange paths according to cabin temperature, storage battery power and storage balance in a parking cold release stage. By adopting the shaped composite phase change material with an adaptive phase change temperature, introducing three cold release modes and active scheduling based on external prediction information, the energy supply utilization efficiency, cold release duration and multi-working condition adaptability of the parking air conditioner are significantly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of vehicle air conditioning and energy supply control technology, and in particular to an ice storage solar-powered parking air conditioner and its control method. Background Technology

[0002] Parking air conditioning systems are used to provide a cooling environment for the driver's cab or passenger compartment when the vehicle is turned off and the engine is not running. They are in high demand in freight vehicles, construction vehicles, and for long-term parking and rest scenarios. In existing parking air conditioning solutions, the most common approach is to directly drive the compressor from the vehicle's battery to continuously generate cooling and deliver air to the driver's cab. However, this method typically suffers from high power consumption, a heavy load on the battery, and limited cooling duration, especially in hot weather or during extended parking periods, where insufficient range and short cooling retention time are common.

[0003] To address these issues, some existing technologies utilize solar panels to supplement the vehicle's battery, reducing the reliance of parking air conditioners on a single battery for energy storage. Other solutions employ cold storage structures, pre-storing cold energy during vehicle operation and releasing cool air during parking to reduce the continuous operating load on the compressor. For example, Chinese patent document CN118790000A discloses a cold storage parking air conditioning system encompassing an outdoor power generation system, a living area air conditioning and hot water system, and a driver's cab air conditioning system, enabling the sharing of a single compressor and condenser for both driving and parking, with cooling achieved through low-temperature antifreeze circulation after the engine is turned off. Another example is Chinese patent document CN205220290U, which discloses an onboard ice storage air conditioning system with a cold storage liquid circuit and an ice storage box, allowing for continuous cooling for a period of time even when the engine is off. Furthermore, Japanese patent document JP3465400B2 also discloses a cold storage parking air conditioner that uses a refrigeration cycle to store cold energy in a cold storage panel unit during driving, releasing cool air through the cold storage panel after parking and engine shutdown.

[0004] However, the aforementioned prior art has at least the following technical problems: First, the cooling release mode is singular. Existing technologies typically only distinguish between cooling storage and cooling release states. During the parking cooling release phase, there is a lack of a multi-mode, detailed scheduling mechanism for different battery charges and remaining cooling capacity. When the battery charge drops to a certain level, the system often simply stops cooling release, unable to continue providing a limited but acceptable cooling effect under ultra-low charge conditions, making it difficult to simultaneously meet the needs for rapid cooling and extended driving range.

[0005] Secondly, the cold storage medium has poor adaptability. Existing ice storage solutions mostly use water as the cold storage medium, utilizing water freezing (0℃ phase change) to store cold energy. However, water expands by about 9% in volume during freezing, generating continuous mechanical stress on the ice storage box shell, affecting structural lifespan and sealing reliability. Simultaneously, there is a significant heat exchange temperature difference between the 0℃ phase change temperature and the comfortable air supply temperature of the air conditioner (generally 10-15℃), resulting in substantial irreversible loss of cold energy during release and low energy utilization efficiency. Although some solutions mention phase change materials, none specify concrete material compositions, phase change temperature ranges, or structural forms for the specific operating conditions of parking air conditioners.

[0006] Third, the control strategy is passive and lacks predictive capabilities. Existing collaborative control technologies are mostly "response-based" controls based on current cabin temperature, current battery charge, and current cooling status. The system cannot predict future parking duration, destination ambient temperature, or weather conditions, leading to cooling and charging amounts during driving often being set based on experience. This can easily result in insufficient or redundant cooling, failing to achieve proactive energy scheduling management based on predictive information.

[0007] Fourth, the scheduling logic for the cooling release path and intensity is crude. Although some existing technologies mention two paths, direct heat exchange and indirect heat exchange, they are usually only considered as two optional structures. They do not establish a dynamic matching switching logic with changes in cabin heat load, battery power, and cooling capacity, nor do they propose an effective means to maintain cooling capacity under ultra-low battery conditions.

[0008] In summary, the existing technology has at least the following technical problems: Existing technologies suffer from several technical problems, including a single cooling mode, poor adaptability of phase change materials, and passive power supply control, which prevent them from simultaneously achieving rapid cooling and extended battery life. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of this invention is to provide an ice storage solar-powered parking air conditioner and its control method to solve the technical problems of existing technologies, such as a single cooling mode, poor adaptability of phase change materials, and passive power supply control that makes it impossible to balance rapid cooling and extended driving range.

[0010] The preferred technical solutions among the many technical solutions provided by this invention can produce a variety of technical effects, which are described in detail below.

[0011] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: This invention provides an ice storage solar-powered parking air conditioner, comprising: a cold storage mechanism internally filled with a composite phase change material, wherein the phase change temperature of the composite phase change material ranges from 5°C to 12°C, and the composite phase change material remains in a stable solid state during the phase change process; a solar power supply module installed on the roof and / or engine compartment cover, and a battery module installed in the trunk; a cold release execution module, including a fan, a circulation pump, and a heat exchanger, wherein the cold release execution module cooperates with the cold storage mechanism to form a direct heat exchange path, an indirect heat exchange path, and an intermittent pulse heat exchange path; and a detection and communication module for detecting vehicle status, cabin temperature, battery charge, and the cold storage status of the cold storage mechanism, and acquiring external predictive information. The external prediction information includes at least destination distance information and destination weather forecast information; the control module is connected to the cold storage mechanism, the solar power supply module, the battery module, the cold release execution module, and the detection and communication module respectively; the control module is configured to: during the driving cold storage phase, pre-calculate the target cold storage capacity and / or the target charging capacity based on the external prediction information, and adjust the cold storage priority of the cold storage mechanism and / or the charging power of the solar power supply module to the battery module accordingly; during the parking cold release phase, dynamically switch between the direct heat exchange path, the indirect heat exchange path, and the intermittent pulse heat exchange path based on the difference between the cabin temperature and the target temperature, the battery charge, and the remaining cold storage capacity.

[0012] Preferably, the direct-blowing heat exchange path involves air flowing directly over the outer surface of the cold storage mechanism under the drive of the fan before being sent into the cab; the indirect heat exchange path involves the coolant first exchanging heat with the cold storage mechanism under the drive of the circulating pump, then flowing through the heat exchanger, and finally being sent into the cab by the fan after flowing through the heat exchanger; the intermittent pulse heat exchange path involves controlling the fan and / or the circulating pump to operate at a preset intermittent cycle.

[0013] Preferably, the cold storage mechanism is located in the upper part of the air conditioning unit, in the direction of air supply to the cab, between the air outlet and the air conditioning filter; the fan is located below the cold storage mechanism; the cold storage mechanism has a built-in heat exchange channel, the coolant enters the heat exchange channel under the drive of the circulation pump, and the coolant absorbs cold energy and then enters the heat exchanger; the heat exchanger is connected to the heat exchange channel and the circulation pump through connecting pipes, and forms a closed-loop heat exchange path with the coolant inside; the heat exchanger is located at the end of the main air duct in the direction of air supply to the cab, and multiple air outlets are connected to the main air duct through branch air ducts.

[0014] Preferably, the outlet of the heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the circulating pump, the outlet of the circulating pump is connected to the inlet of the heat exchange channel, and the outlet of the heat exchange channel is connected to the inlet of the heat exchanger. A tee fitting, a check valve, and a replenishment tank for adding coolant are installed between the heat exchanger and the circulating pump; the tee fitting connects the outlet of the heat exchanger, the inlet of the circulating pump, and the check valve; the check valve connects to the outlet of the replenishment tank, and the check valve restricts the coolant in the replenishment tank to flow only from the replenishment tank to the tee fitting.

[0015] Preferably, the cold storage mechanism includes an ice storage box, a built-in heat exchange channel, and an evaporator coil; the ice storage box includes an integrally cast aluminum alloy shell with heat exchange fins embedded on the outside, and multiple high thermal conductivity baffles are embedded in the inner cavity of the aluminum alloy shell to form multiple independent microchannel chambers; the composite phase change material is tightly filled in each of the microchannel chambers in the form of a shaped block; the heat exchange channel is provided on one side of the inner cavity of the aluminum alloy shell, and the high thermal conductivity baffles on one side of the multiple microchannel chambers are closely attached to it; the evaporator coil is installed at the bottom of the inner cavity of the aluminum alloy shell and supports the contact shaped composite phase change material block.

[0016] Preferably, the composite phase change material is a shaped phase change material formed by pressing a eutectic mixture of decanoic acid and lauric acid with an expanded graphite matrix; wherein the mass ratio of decanoic acid to lauric acid is 66:34, and the mass ratio of the decanoic acid-lauric acid eutectic mixture to expanded graphite is 85:15.

[0017] Preferably, the preset interval period of the intermittent pulse heat exchange path is: within each operating cycle, the running time of the fan and the circulating pump accounts for 10% to 20% of the total cycle time, and the remaining time is in a paused state.

[0018] Preferably, the control module is configured during the parking cooling release phase as follows: when the battery charge is higher than a first threshold, the remaining cooling capacity is higher than a first cooling capacity threshold, and the difference between the cabin temperature and the target temperature is greater than a first temperature difference threshold, the direct heat exchange path is selected; when the difference between the cabin temperature and the target temperature is less than or equal to the first temperature difference threshold, or when the battery charge is lower than the first threshold but higher than a second threshold, or when the remaining cooling capacity is lower than the first cooling capacity threshold but higher than a second cooling capacity threshold, the indirect heat exchange path is selected; when the battery charge is lower than the second threshold, the intermittent pulse heat exchange path is selected.

[0019] Preferably, the control module is configured during the vehicle cooling storage phase as follows: when the external forecast information indicates that the expected parking time exceeds a preset time threshold and the destination forecast temperature exceeds a preset temperature threshold, the control module issues a cooling storage priority command, and by adjusting the refrigerant distribution ratio, allocates a portion of the cooling capacity output by the vehicle cooling system above a preset ratio to the cooling storage mechanism until the cooling storage mechanism reaches the preset cooling storage target amount.

[0020] Preferably, the external prediction information also includes user historical usage data and destination and destination distance information automatically obtained through interconnection with the user's navigation software, and destination weather forecast information obtained through the network. The control module predicts the estimated duration of this parking based on the user historical usage data, and dynamically calculates the minimum cooling demand based on this during the driving cooling phase.

[0021] A control method for an ice storage solar-powered parking air conditioner is also provided, which is applied to an ice storage solar-powered parking air conditioner, including the following steps: S1, during the driving cooling stage, external forecast information is obtained, the external forecast information includes at least destination distance information and destination weather forecast information; the target cooling capacity and / or target charging capacity are pre-calculated based on the external forecast information, and the cooling priority of the cooling mechanism and / or the charging power of the solar power supply module to the battery module are adjusted accordingly; S2. During the parking and cooling phase, acquire the cabin temperature, battery charge, and remaining cooling capacity; based on the difference between the cabin temperature and the target temperature, the battery charge, and the remaining cooling capacity, dynamically switch between direct heat exchange path, indirect heat exchange path, and intermittent pulse heat exchange path.

[0022] Preferably, the dynamic switching between the direct heat exchange path, the indirect heat exchange path, and the intermittent pulse heat exchange path specifically includes: selecting the direct heat exchange path when the battery charge is higher than a first threshold, the cold storage capacity is higher than a first cold storage threshold, and the difference between the cabin temperature and the target temperature is greater than a first temperature difference threshold; selecting the indirect heat exchange path when the difference between the cabin temperature and the target temperature is less than or equal to the first temperature difference threshold, or when the battery charge is lower than the first threshold but higher than a second threshold, or when the cold storage capacity is lower than the first cold storage threshold but higher than a second cold storage threshold; and selecting the intermittent pulse heat exchange path when the battery charge is lower than the second threshold.

[0023] The specific threshold judgment logic for dynamic switching in the method is consistent with the corresponding logic in the above-mentioned ice storage solar parking air conditioner configuration.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) By introducing a shaped composite phase change material with a phase change temperature range of 5℃ to 12℃ to replace the traditional ice storage solution, not only is the structural stress problem caused by the volume expansion of water freezing eliminated, but the irreversible loss of heat exchange temperature difference during the release process is also significantly reduced, thus improving the overall efficiency of the storage and release processes.

[0025] (2) By constructing three cooling release modes—direct heat exchange path, indirect heat exchange path, and intermittent pulse heat exchange path—and dynamically switching them according to the cabin temperature, battery charge, and remaining cooling capacity, the control module can flexibly adapt between rapid cooling, stable operation, and ultra-long standby, significantly improving the adaptability of the parking air conditioner. Especially under ultra-low battery conditions, the intermittent pulse heat exchange path can greatly extend the utilization time of limited cooling capacity and battery power, solving the pain point of existing technologies that can only shut down when the battery is low.

[0026] (3) By introducing external forecast information such as destination distance and weather forecast, the traditional "response" control is upgraded to "predictive" active scheduling. The control module can predict the cooling and power demand in the future parking stage during the driving stage and adjust the cooling priority and charging strategy in advance to ensure that the vehicle has the best energy reserve when it arrives at the parking location, avoiding insufficient or redundant cooling and realizing intelligent collaborative control. Attached Figure Description

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram showing the overall module connection relationship of the ice storage solar-powered parking air conditioner of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the microchannel encapsulation structure of the cold storage mechanism of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the evaporator coil arrangement structure of the cold storage mechanism of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the air conditioning unit of the present invention.

[0029] The accompanying figure is labeled as follows: 1. Cold storage mechanism; 11. Ice storage box; 111. Aluminum alloy shell; 112. Heat exchange fins; 113. High thermal conductivity partition; 12. Microchannel chamber; 13. Shaped composite phase change material block; 14. Heat exchange channel; 15. Evaporator coil; 2. Solar power supply module; 3. Battery module; 4. Cooling release actuator; 41. Fan; 42. Circulating pump; 43. Heat exchanger; 44. Air duct; 441. Main air duct; 442. Branch air duct; 45. T-fitting; 46. Check valve; 47. Liquid replenishment tank; 5. Detection and communication module; 6. Control module; 7. Air conditioning unit; 71. Air outlet; 72. Air conditioning filter; 8. Vehicle air conditioning system; 81. Refrigeration pipes. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0031] The specific implementation provides an ice storage solar-powered parking air conditioner and its control method, including a shaped composite phase change material with a phase change temperature of 5°C to 12°C filling the interior of the cold storage mechanism; a cold release execution module cooperating with the cold storage mechanism to form a direct heat exchange path, an indirect heat exchange path, and an intermittent pulse heat exchange path; a detection and communication module acquiring vehicle status, cabin temperature, battery charge, cold storage status, and external prediction information; a control module pre-adjusting the cold storage priority and charging power based on external prediction information during the driving cold storage phase, and dynamically switching between the three heat exchange paths based on cabin temperature, battery charge, and remaining cold storage capacity during the parking cold release phase; by adopting a shaped composite phase change material with an adapted phase change temperature, introducing three cold release modes, and active scheduling based on external prediction information, the energy utilization efficiency, cold release continuity, and multi-condition adaptability of the parking air conditioner are significantly improved; effectively solving the technical problems of existing technologies such as a single cold release mode, poor adaptability of phase change materials, and passive energy supply control leading to an inability to simultaneously achieve rapid cooling and range.

[0032] Example 1 like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, this embodiment provides a multi-mode phase change cold storage solar parking air conditioning system, including a cold storage mechanism 1, a solar power supply module 2, a battery module 3, a cold release execution module 4, a detection and communication module 5, and a control module 6.

[0033] The cold storage mechanism 1 includes an ice storage box 11 filled with composite phase change material. The photovoltaic panels of the solar power module 2 are mounted on the roof and / or hood to convert solar energy into electrical energy, and are connected to the battery module 3 and control module 6 via the MPPT controller of the power management unit. The battery module 3 is either a large-capacity onboard battery pack or an independent auxiliary battery pack. To maintain vehicle handling, the weight distribution of various parts of the vehicle body needs to be optimized; installing the battery module 3 in the trunk provides a more suitable weight distribution. The cooling execution module 4 includes a fan 41, a circulation pump 42, a heat exchanger 43, an air duct 44, and connecting pipes. The detection and communication module 5 includes a vehicle status detection unit, a cabin temperature detection unit, a battery charge detection unit, a cold storage status detection unit, and a communication unit for acquiring external predictive information. The control module 6 is an onboard microcontroller or a dedicated control unit, connected to each module via a CAN bus or hardwired connection.

[0034] The vehicle status detection unit, cabin temperature detection unit, battery power detection unit, and communication unit are integrated into the vehicle's infotainment system and acquire data streams from the vehicle's original sensors to obtain corresponding data. The cold storage status detection unit is integrated into the cold storage mechanism 1, and the detection and communication module 5 communicates with the control module 6.

[0035] Among them, the vehicle status detection unit is used to obtain the vehicle status, the cabin temperature detection unit is used to obtain the cabin temperature, the battery power detection unit is used to obtain the battery power, the cold storage status detection unit is used to obtain the cold storage status of the cold storage mechanism 1, and the communication unit is used to obtain external forecast information, which includes at least destination distance information and destination weather forecast information.

[0036] The cold storage status detection unit includes multiple thermocouples installed on the wall of the microchannel chamber 12 inside the ice storage box 11 and inlet and outlet temperature sensors installed on the heat exchange channel 14. The control module 6 receives the above temperature signals through the detection and communication module 5. When it is detected that the internal temperature of the ice storage box 11 is continuously below 8°C and the rate of temperature change approaches zero while the compressor is running, it is determined that the composite phase change material has completed full phase change cold storage. When it is detected that the outlet temperature of the heat exchange channel 14 rises from 8°C to above 12°C within 15 minutes in the cold release mode, it is determined that the cold storage margin is less than 30%. The control module 6 calculates and realizes the numerical detection of the cold storage margin from 30% to 100%, which facilitates the triggering of the cold release mode switching logic.

[0037] Example 2 As one of the alternative implementation methods, such as Figure 2As shown, in this embodiment, the ice storage box 11 of the cold storage mechanism 1 is divided into multiple independent microchannel chambers 12 by a high thermal conductivity aluminum alloy partition. Each chamber has a cross-sectional dimension of 20mm × 20mm and a wall thickness of 1mm. Each chamber is tightly filled with a shaped composite phase change material block 13. The composite phase change material remains shaped and solid during the phase change process, and the phase change temperature range of the composite phase change material is 5℃ to 12℃.

[0038] The preparation process of the shaped composite phase change material block 13 is as follows: Decanoic acid and lauric acid were weighed at a mass ratio of 66:34, placed in a container, heated to 60℃ and stirred to form a homogeneous eutectic mixture. The phase change temperature of the eutectic mixture was measured to be 9.8℃ and the latent heat of phase change was 156 J / g by differential scanning calorimetry. Subsequently, the eutectic mixture was mixed with expanded graphite at a mass ratio of 85:15 and stirred and adsorbed under vacuum for 1 hour to allow the eutectic mixture to fully penetrate the porous structure of the expanded graphite. Finally, the mixture was poured into a mold and pressed into a shaped block under a pressure of 5-6 MPa. The obtained shaped block maintained a solid appearance above the phase change temperature, with no liquid seepage.

[0039] Example 3 As one of the alternative implementation methods, such as Figures 2 to 4 As shown, the cold storage mechanism 1 includes an ice storage box 11, a built-in heat exchange channel 14, and an evaporator coil 15. The ice storage box 11 includes an integrally cast aluminum alloy shell 111 with heat exchange fins 112 embedded on the outside. Multiple high thermal conductivity baffles 113 are embedded in the inner cavity of the aluminum alloy shell 111 to form multiple independent microchannel chambers 12. The microchannel chambers 12 are filled with shaped composite phase change material blocks 13. A heat exchange channel 14 is set on one side of the inner cavity of the aluminum alloy shell 111, which is in close contact with the high thermal conductivity baffles 113 on one side of the multiple microchannel chambers 12. An evaporator coil 15 is installed at the bottom of the inner cavity of the aluminum alloy shell 111 and supports the shaped composite phase change material blocks 13. The evaporator coil 15 is connected to the refrigeration pipe 81 of the vehicle air conditioning system 8.

[0040] like Figure 4 In the diagram, the closed arrow indicates the flow direction of the coolant, and the open arrow indicates the airflow direction. The cold storage mechanism 1 is located in the upper part of the air conditioning unit 7, in the direction of air supply to the driver's cab, between the air outlet 71 and the air conditioning filter 72, to prevent direct air supply and heat exchange from being contaminated by external dust on the outer surface of the cold storage mechanism 1; and the fan 41 is located below the cold storage mechanism 1; the air conditioning filter 72 is located below the air conditioning unit 7.

[0041] The coolant enters the heat exchange channel 14 under the drive of the circulating pump 42. After absorbing the cold energy, the coolant enters the heat exchanger 43. The heat exchanger 43 is connected to the heat exchange channel 14 and the circulating pump 42 through connecting pipes, and has coolant inside to form a closed-loop heat exchange path. The heat exchanger 43 is located at the end of the main air duct 441 in the direction of air supply to the cab, and multiple air outlets 71 are connected to the main air duct 441 through the branch air duct 442.

[0042] The outlet of heat exchanger 43 is connected to the inlet of circulating pump 42, the outlet of circulating pump 42 is connected to the inlet of heat exchange channel 14, and the outlet of heat exchange channel 14 is connected to the inlet of heat exchanger 43.

[0043] A three-way fitting 45, a one-way valve 46, and a replenishment tank 47 that can be opened to replenish coolant are installed between the heat exchanger 43 and the circulating pump 42. The three-way fitting 45 is connected to the outlet of the heat exchanger 43, the inlet of the circulating pump 42, and the one-way valve 46. The one-way valve 46 is connected to the outlet of the replenishment tank 47. The one-way valve 46 restricts the coolant in the replenishment tank 47 to flow only from the replenishment tank 47 to the three-way fitting 45.

[0044] The fan 41 drives air into the air conditioning unit 7 and through the air conditioning filter 72 into the main air duct 441. Some air passes through the cold storage mechanism 1, then through the heat exchanger 43, and finally enters the cab from the branch air duct 442 to the air outlet 71.

[0045] Example 4 As one of the optional implementation methods, after the vehicle is started, the detection and communication module 5 enables the vehicle's backend to communicate with the mobile phone software through the vehicle-mounted T-Box (Telematics BOX), obtains destination information (distance, estimated arrival time) from the navigation system, and obtains the weather forecast data for the destination for the next 6 hours through the mobile network.

[0046] When external forecast information indicates that the expected parking time exceeds the preset time threshold and the predicted temperature at the destination exceeds the preset temperature threshold, the control module 6 issues a cold storage priority command. By adjusting the refrigerant distribution ratio, it allocates the portion of the cooling capacity output by the vehicle cooling system above the preset ratio to the cold storage mechanism 1 until the cold storage mechanism 1 reaches the preset cold storage target amount.

[0047] External forecast information also includes user historical usage data and destination and destination distance information automatically obtained through interconnection with the user's navigation software, as well as destination weather forecast information obtained through the network. The control module 6 predicts the estimated duration of this parking based on the user's historical usage data, and dynamically calculates the minimum cooling demand based on this during the driving cooling phase.

[0048] The control module 6 has a preset cooling demand prediction model. This model is based on the estimated parking time T. park and the predicted temperature T at the destinationforecast Calculate the minimum required cold storage capacity Q. target The calculation formula is: Q target =k×T park ×(T forecast -T set )×V cabin Where k is an empirical coefficient related to the vehicle's heat insulation performance, and T set To set the temperature, V cabin For cabin interior volume.

[0049] When the model determines Q target When the threshold is exceeded (e.g., above 80% of the total phase change refrigerant storage capacity), the control module 6 determines it as a "high-temperature long-term parking condition" and issues a refrigerant storage priority command. At this time, the control module 6 sends an adjustment signal to the electronic expansion valve of the vehicle air conditioning system 8, allocating at least 40% of the compressor refrigerant flow to the evaporator coil 15 in the refrigerant storage mechanism 1, prioritizing ensuring that the refrigerant storage mechanism 1 completes total phase change refrigerant storage before reaching its destination. Simultaneously, the control module 6 controls the solar power module 2 to charge the battery module 3 at full power in MPPT mode.

[0050] If the model determines Q target If the temperature is low (e.g., below 30% of the total phase change cold storage capacity), the control module 6 will reduce the cold storage priority, prioritizing the comfort needs of the cabin during driving and only using the surplus cold capacity of the refrigeration system for cold storage.

[0051] Example 5 As one of the optional implementation methods, after the vehicle is turned off and enters the parking state, the control module 6 executes the following switching logic: when the battery charge is higher than a first threshold (e.g., 60%), the remaining cold storage capacity is higher than a first cold storage threshold (e.g., 70%), and the difference between the cabin temperature and the target temperature is greater than a first temperature difference threshold (e.g., 3°C), the direct-blowing heat exchange path is selected.

[0052] When the difference between the cabin temperature and the target temperature is less than or equal to the first temperature difference threshold (e.g., 3°C), or when the battery charge is lower than the first threshold (e.g., 60%) and higher than the second threshold (e.g., 30%), or when the cold storage capacity is lower than the first cold storage threshold (e.g., 70%) and higher than the second cold storage threshold (e.g., 30%), the indirect heat exchange path is selected.

[0053] When the battery charge is lower than the second threshold (e.g., 30%), the intermittent pulse heat exchange path is selected.

[0054] Specifically, in the initial state, the detection and communication module 5 acquires the current cabin temperature T. cabin Battery State of Charge (SOC) and Cooling Capacity (Q)remain .

[0055] Phase 1: If SOC > 60% and Q are satisfied simultaneously remain >70%, and (T) cabin -T set When the temperature exceeds 3°C, control module 6 selects the direct-blowing heat exchange path. At this time, fan 41 starts (speed set to the highest level), while circulation pump 42 remains off. Driven by fan 41, air flows through the heat exchange fins 112 on the outside of ice storage box 11, directly exchanging heat with the cold storage mechanism 1 before being sent into the cab. In this mode, the cabin temperature can drop by approximately 5-8°C within 5 minutes.

[0056] Phase Two: When the cabin temperature drops to (T) cabin -T set When the temperature drops below 3℃, or the battery charge decreases to 30%-60%, or the remaining cold storage capacity decreases to 30%-70%, control module 6 switches to an indirect heat exchange path. At this time, circulating pump 42 starts (speed set to medium), and fan 41 switches to low-to-medium speed. The coolant (50% ethylene glycol aqueous solution by volume) circulates between the heat exchange channel 14 and heat exchanger 43 inside the cold storage mechanism 1. Air is cooled by passing through heat exchanger 43 and then sent into the cab. In this mode, the outlet air temperature is stable within the range of 12-16℃, the cold release process is smooth, and a single full-phase change cold storage operation can sustain cold release for 6-8 hours.

[0057] Phase 3: When the battery charge drops to SOC < 30%, control module 6 switches to an intermittent pulse heat exchange path. At this time, the system enters a preset intermittent cycle control: each cycle is 10 minutes, with fan 41 and circulating pump 42 running for 1 minute and then pausing for 9 minutes. During the 1-minute operation, the system releases cooling capacity centrally via an indirect heat exchange path, lowering the cabin temperature by approximately 2-3°C. During the 9-minute pause, relying on the low thermal conductivity of the composite phase change material in the cold storage mechanism 1 and the cabin's insulation performance, the cabin temperature slowly rises by approximately 1-2°C. In this mode, the remaining power and cooling capacity, which originally could only support less than 1 hour of continuous cooling, can be extended to 4-6 hours of intermittent cooling, allowing the driver to obtain a reasonably acceptable resting environment at night.

[0058] If the battery charge drops further to SOC<10%, the control module 6 can issue a low charge alarm and stop the operation of the cooling execution module 4, retaining only the monitoring function of the detection and communication module 5.

[0059] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described.

Claims

1. A solar-powered parking air conditioner with ice storage cooling, characterized in that, include: The cold storage mechanism is filled with a composite phase change material, the phase change temperature of which is in the range of 5°C to 12°C, and the composite phase change material remains in a stable solid state during the phase change process. Solar power modules installed on the roof and / or hood, and battery modules installed in the trunk; The cold release execution module includes a fan, a circulating pump, and a heat exchanger. The cold release execution module cooperates with the cold storage mechanism to form a direct heat exchange path, an indirect heat exchange path, and an intermittent pulse heat exchange path. The detection and communication module is used to detect vehicle status, cabin temperature, battery charge, and the cooling status of the cooling system, and to obtain external prediction information, which includes at least destination distance information and destination weather forecast information. The control module is connected to the cold storage mechanism, the solar power supply module, the battery module, the cold release execution module, and the detection and communication module, respectively. The control module is configured to: during the vehicle's cold storage phase, pre-calculate the target cold storage capacity and / or target charging capacity based on the external prediction information, and adjust the cold storage priority of the cold storage mechanism and / or the charging power of the solar power supply module to the battery module accordingly. During the parking and cooling phase, the system dynamically switches between the direct heat exchange path, the indirect heat exchange path, and the intermittent pulse heat exchange path based on the difference between the cabin temperature and the target temperature, the battery charge, and the remaining cooling capacity.

2. The ice storage solar-powered parking air conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that, The direct-blowing heat exchange path is that air, driven by the fan, flows directly over the outer surface of the cold storage mechanism for heat exchange before being sent into the cab. The indirect heat exchange path is that the coolant first exchanges heat with the cold storage mechanism under the drive of the circulating pump, then flows through the heat exchanger, and the air is driven by the fan to flow through the heat exchanger and then sent into the cab. The intermittent pulse heat exchange path controls the fan and / or the circulating pump to operate at a preset intermittent cycle.

3. The ice storage solar-powered parking air conditioner according to claim 2, characterized in that, The cold storage mechanism is located in the upper part of the air conditioning unit, in the direction of air supply to the cab, between the air outlet and the air conditioning filter; the fan is located below the cold storage mechanism. The cold storage mechanism has a built-in heat exchange channel. The coolant enters the heat exchange channel under the drive of the circulating pump, and after absorbing the cold energy, the coolant enters the heat exchanger. The heat exchanger is connected to the heat exchange channel and the circulating pump through connecting pipes, and the coolant is built into it to form a closed-loop heat exchange path; The heat exchanger is located at the end of the main air duct in the direction of air supply to the cab, and the multiple air outlets are connected to the main air duct through branch air ducts.

4. The ice storage solar-powered parking air conditioner according to claim 3, characterized in that, The cold storage mechanism includes an ice storage box, the heat exchange channel, and an evaporation coil; The ice storage box includes an integrally cast aluminum alloy shell with heat exchange fins embedded on the outside, and multiple high thermal conductivity baffles are embedded in the inner cavity of the aluminum alloy shell to form multiple independent microchannel chambers. The composite phase change material is tightly filled into each of the microchannel chambers in the form of a shaped block. A heat exchange channel is provided on one side of the inner cavity of the aluminum alloy shell, which is in close contact with one side of the high thermal conductivity partition of the multiple microchannel chambers. The evaporation coil is installed at the bottom of the inner cavity of the aluminum alloy shell and supports the contact-shaped composite phase change material block.

5. The ice storage solar-powered parking air conditioner according to claim 4, characterized in that, The composite phase change material is a shaped phase change material formed by pressing a eutectic mixture of decanoic acid and lauric acid with an expanded graphite matrix. The mass ratio of decanoic acid to lauric acid is 66:34, and the mass ratio of the decanoic acid-lauric acid eutectic mixture to expanded graphite is 85:

15.

6. The ice storage solar-powered parking air conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preset interval period of the intermittent pulse heat exchange path is as follows: within each operating cycle, the running time of the fan and the circulating pump accounts for 10% to 20% of the total cycle time, and the remaining time is in a paused state.

7. The ice storage solar-powered parking air conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control module is configured as follows during the parking cooling phase: When the battery charge is higher than the first threshold, the cold storage capacity is higher than the first cold storage threshold, and the difference between the cabin temperature and the target temperature is greater than the first temperature difference threshold, the direct-blowing heat exchange path is selected. When the difference between the cabin temperature and the target temperature is less than or equal to the first temperature difference threshold, or when the battery charge is lower than the first threshold and higher than the second threshold, or when the cold storage capacity is lower than the first cold storage threshold and higher than the second cold storage threshold, the indirect heat exchange path is selected. When the battery charge is lower than the second threshold, the intermittent pulse heat exchange path is selected.

8. The ice storage solar-powered parking air conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control module is configured as follows during the vehicle's cooling storage phase: When the external prediction information indicates that the expected parking time exceeds a preset time threshold and the predicted temperature at the destination exceeds a preset temperature threshold, the control module issues a cold storage priority command. By adjusting the refrigerant distribution ratio, it allocates a portion of the cooling capacity output by the vehicle refrigeration system that exceeds a preset ratio to the cold storage mechanism until the cold storage mechanism reaches the preset cold storage target amount.

9. A control method for an ice storage solar-powered parking air conditioner, applied to the ice storage solar-powered parking air conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. During the vehicle's cooling storage phase, acquire external forecast information, which includes at least destination distance information and destination weather forecast information; pre-calculate the target cooling storage capacity and / or target charging capacity based on the external forecast information, and adjust the cooling storage priority of the cooling storage mechanism and / or the charging power of the solar power module to the battery module accordingly. S2. During the parking and cooling phase, acquire the cabin temperature, battery charge, and remaining cooling capacity; based on the difference between the cabin temperature and the target temperature, the battery charge, and the remaining cooling capacity, dynamically switch between direct heat exchange path, indirect heat exchange path, and intermittent pulse heat exchange path.

10. The control method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The dynamic switching between direct-blown heat exchange path, indirect heat exchange path, and intermittent pulse heat exchange path specifically includes: When the battery charge is higher than the first threshold, the cold storage capacity is higher than the first cold storage threshold, and the difference between the cabin temperature and the target temperature is greater than the first temperature difference threshold, the direct heat exchange path is selected. When the difference between the cabin temperature and the target temperature is less than or equal to the first temperature difference threshold, or when the battery charge is lower than the first threshold and higher than the second threshold, or when the cold storage capacity is lower than the first cold storage threshold and higher than the second cold storage threshold, an indirect heat exchange path is selected. When the battery charge is lower than the second threshold, the intermittent pulse heat exchange path is selected.

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