Filtering device for hydraulic engineering

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of sewage treatment, and specifically discloses a filtering device for water conservancy projects, which comprises a horizontally arranged cross intersection flow channel, a vertically penetrating receiving opening is arranged in the center of the cross intersection flow channel, the cross intersection flow channel comprises a first water inlet channel, a first water outlet channel, a second water inlet channel and a second water outlet channel which are distributed in a cross shape, a flow channel switching mechanism is movably arranged in the receiving opening, and a gas flushing mechanism is arranged on the lower side of the flow channel switching mechanism. The water pressure sensor is used for monitoring the blockage, and when the threshold value is exceeded, the flow channel switching mechanism is driven to rotate by 90 degrees, the blocked downstream water permeable grille is switched to the upstream water inlet end, the movable and static stop rings are relatively rotated to synchronously switch the gas path, high-pressure oxygen is accurately sprayed from the current upstream, water flow is reversed, and gas-water collaborative flushing is utilized, so that the problems of filler accumulation and hardening are effectively solved, dissolved oxygen is continuously supplemented, and the photocatalytic efficiency is greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of wastewater treatment technology, specifically referring to a filtration device for water conservancy projects. Background Technology

[0002] In the fields of water conservancy engineering and water environment management, multiphase photocatalytic water treatment technology has been widely used due to its advantages such as strong degradation ability and no secondary pollution. Existing photocatalytic filtration devices typically fill the reaction chamber with photocatalytic packing material loaded with semiconductor materials such as titanium dioxide, and use a permeable grid to confine the packing material within a specific light-illuminated reaction area. Under the irradiation of ultraviolet or visible light sources, water flows through the packing layer, and the photocatalyst on the surface of the packing material is excited to generate highly active and strong oxidizing free radicals, thereby achieving deep oxidation and decomposition of organic pollutants in the water.

[0003] However, existing photocatalytic filtration devices have significant technical defects during actual continuous operation. Under the continuous pushing action of unidirectional water flow dynamics, the originally dispersed or fluidized photocatalytic packing material easily migrates downstream to the intercepting grid, forming a high-density packing material accumulation and caking layer on the surface of the permeable grid. This non-uniform accumulation phenomenon triggers multiple chain reactions of adverse effects: Localized over-density accumulation leads to a sharp contraction of the hydraulic flow cross-section, resulting in a sudden increase in head loss and flow resistance, which can easily cause flow channel blockage and severely reduce the processing capacity of the device. The dense packing layer produces a severe light shielding effect. The incident light is scattered and blocked by the packing layer on the surface, causing the middle and deep packing layers to be in the light dead zone and lose their catalytic activity. The water flow within the accumulation micro-region tends to stagnate, causing the dissolved oxygen required for the reaction to be easily depleted and unable to diffuse and replenish in time, forming a local hypoxic blind zone. This greatly inhibits the separation of photogenerated electrons and holes, resulting in a significant decrease in the quantum efficiency of the photocatalytic reaction and the overall purification effect. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the above issues, this invention provides a filtration device for hydraulic engineering. A water pressure sensor monitors for blockages, and when a threshold is exceeded, it drives a flow channel switching mechanism to rotate 90 degrees, switching the blocked downstream permeable grid to the upstream inlet. Simultaneously, the relative rotation of the moving and stationary baffle rings synchronously switches the air path, allowing high-pressure oxygen to be precisely ejected from the current upstream location. Utilizing water flow reversal and coordinated air-water flushing, the problem of packing material accumulation and caking is effectively solved, and dissolved oxygen is continuously replenished, significantly improving photocatalytic efficiency.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by this invention is as follows: This invention proposes a filtration device for water conservancy projects, including a horizontally arranged cross-shaped flow channel. A vertically penetrating receiving port is opened in the center of the cross-shaped flow channel. The cross-shaped flow channel includes a first water inlet channel, a first water outlet channel, a second water inlet channel, and a second water outlet channel arranged in a cross shape. The first water inlet channel and the first water outlet channel are arranged in a straight line and connected to each other on both sides of the receiving port. The second water inlet channel and the second water outlet channel are arranged in a straight line and connected to each other on both sides of the receiving port. A flow channel switching mechanism is rotatably arranged close to the receiving port. An air supply flushing mechanism is arranged below the flow channel switching mechanism.

[0006] Furthermore, the flow channel switching mechanism is formed by two opposing bow-shaped water-blocking blocks, two opposing permeable grids, and top and bottom covers on the upper and lower sides to form a cylindrical structure, and the interior of the flow channel switching mechanism is filled with titanium dioxide filler.

[0007] Furthermore, the air supply flushing mechanism includes a first retaining ring coaxially disposed on the lower edge of the bottom cover, a second retaining ring coaxially disposed close to the lower side of the first retaining ring, and a first air inlet pipe and a second air inlet pipe connected to the second retaining ring.

[0008] Furthermore, the permeable grid is arc-shaped, the horizontal cross-section of the bow-shaped water-blocking block is bow-shaped, and the distance between the straight surfaces of the two bow-shaped water-blocking blocks is equal to the width of the first water inlet channel, the first water outlet channel, the second water inlet channel, and the second water outlet channel; the cross-section of the first water inlet channel, the first water outlet channel, the second water inlet channel, and the second water outlet channel is rectangular, and the inner walls of their upper and lower sides are on the same horizontal plane as the inner surfaces of the top cover and the bottom cover, respectively.

[0009] Furthermore, in the initial position, the straight surfaces of the two arc-shaped water-blocking blocks are flush with the two sides of the first water inlet channel and the first water outlet channel, respectively, and the outer arc surfaces of the two arc-shaped water-blocking blocks block the inner ports of the second water inlet channel and the second water outlet channel, respectively; when the flow channel switching mechanism rotates 90 degrees, the outer arc surfaces of the two arc-shaped water-blocking blocks block the first water inlet channel and the first water outlet channel, respectively, and the straight surfaces of the two arc-shaped water-blocking blocks are flush with the two sides of the second water inlet channel and the second water outlet channel, respectively.

[0010] Furthermore, two arc-shaped air grooves extending into the first retaining ring are symmetrically formed on the bottom cover along the axis. The two sets of air grooves are located at adjacent positions inside each permeable grid. An air inlet hole extending to the outside is formed in the middle of the lower side of the air groove. A groove cover flush with the upper surface of the bottom cover is provided on the upper side of the air groove. Multiple one-way spray valves communicating with the inside of the air groove are evenly distributed on the groove cover. The flow direction of the one-way spray valves is limited to flowing upward from the inside of the air groove to the top of the bottom cover.

[0011] Furthermore, the first air inlet pipe and the second air inlet pipe are respectively fixed to the lower side of the second baffle ring and pass through the second baffle ring to communicate with its upper surface. The first air inlet pipe is located directly below the first water inlet channel, and the second air inlet pipe is located directly below the second water inlet channel. Both the first air inlet pipe and the second air inlet pipe are connected to high-pressure oxygen.

[0012] Furthermore, a servo motor for driving the flow channel switching mechanism to rotate is provided below the bottom cover, and a base for support and fixation is provided below the servo motor. Multiple support rods are provided on the base to support the cross-shaped flow channels, and the second retaining ring is fixed on the support rods.

[0013] Furthermore, both the top cover and the bottom cover are made of light-transmitting material, and ultraviolet ring lamps are radially extended on the upper side of the top cover and the lower side of the bottom cover. A water pressure sensor is provided on the upper surface of the top cover, penetrating and communicating with the interior of the top cover.

[0014] Furthermore, in the initial state, when the permeable grid is located at the inner end of the first water inlet channel and the first water outlet channel, the first air inlet pipe is aligned and connected with the air inlet hole located on the upstream side air groove, and the second air inlet pipe is blocked by the solid part of the first retaining ring.

[0015] Furthermore, when the flow channel switching mechanism rotates 90 degrees and the permeable grid is located at the inner end of the second water inlet channel and the second water outlet channel, the second air inlet pipe is aligned and connected with the air inlet hole on the upstream side air groove, and the first air inlet pipe is blocked by the solid part of the first retaining ring.

[0016] Furthermore, when the water pressure sensor detects that the internal pressure has reached the set clogging threshold, the servo motor is controlled to drive the flow channel switching mechanism to rotate 90 degrees in the opposite direction to the previous rotation, so as to control one of the permeable grilles to switch back and forth between the first water inlet channel and the second water outlet channel, and the other permeable grille to switch back and forth between the first water outlet channel and the second water inlet channel.

[0017] The beneficial effects achieved by the present invention using the above structure are as follows: (1) When the water pressure sensor detects that the internal pressure reaches the set clogging threshold, the controller drives the flow channel switching mechanism to rotate 90 degrees, so that the permeable grid that was originally blocked at the downstream outlet end is precisely switched to the upstream inlet end. By using the alternating reversal of the water flow direction, the filler material that was originally piled on the surface of the permeable grid is flushed away and re-fluidized, which effectively avoids the hydraulic flow section contraction and flow channel blockage caused by local excessive accumulation, greatly reduces head loss, and ensures the continuous high-throughput processing capacity of the device.

[0018] (2) Since the impact of reverse water flow alone may not be enough to completely disperse the severely compacted packing, the present invention utilizes the relative rotation between the moving first retaining ring and the stationary second retaining ring on the lower side of the bottom cover to achieve a purely mechanical automatic and precise switching of the air path. After each flow channel switching, high-pressure oxygen is sprayed out from the one-way spray valve at the current upstream position (i.e., the position of the permeable grid that has just been blocked and rotated). The strong buoyancy force generated by the high-pressure airflow and the violent air-water mixing disturbance, together with the water flow impact, peel off and disperse the compacted packing attached to the permeable grid, eliminating the accumulation of packing.

[0019] (3) The present invention significantly improves the overall purification efficiency of photocatalytic reaction. On the one hand, the high-pressure oxygen continuously injected from the upstream one-way valve not only plays a physical anti-blocking role, but also continuously replenishes the middle part of the reaction chamber with sufficient dissolved oxygen, eliminates the oxygen-deficient blind zone in the accumulation micro-area, and greatly promotes the effective separation of photogenerated electrons and holes. On the other hand, the packing material always maintains a uniform fluidized distribution under the gas-water synergistic disturbance, breaking the light shielding effect generated by the dense packing layer. Combined with the irradiation of the ultraviolet ring lamps on the outside of the top and bottom covers, the incident light can fully penetrate and stimulate the catalytic activity of the middle and deep packing material, thereby greatly improving the oxidation decomposition ability of photocatalytic reaction. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a first three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a filtration device for water conservancy projects proposed in this invention.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a second three-dimensional structural diagram of a filtration device for water conservancy projects proposed in this invention.

[0022] Figure 3 This is an exploded three-dimensional structural diagram of a filtration device for water conservancy projects proposed in this invention.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a side view of a filtration device for water conservancy projects proposed in this invention.

[0024] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Sectional view of AA.

[0025] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the flow channel switching mechanism after it has been rotated 90 degrees.

[0026] Figure 7 This is an exploded structural diagram of the air supply flushing mechanism of a filtration device for water conservancy projects proposed in this invention.

[0027] Figure 8This is an exploded structural diagram showing the positional relationship between the first and second baffle rings of a filtration device for water conservancy projects proposed in this invention.

[0028] Among them, 1. Cross-shaped flow channel, 11. First water inlet channel, 12. First water outlet channel, 13. Second water inlet channel, 14. Second water outlet channel, 15. Collection port, 2. Flow channel switching mechanism, 21. Arch-shaped water baffle block, 22. Water permeable grid, 23. Top cover, 24. Bottom cover, 3. Servo motor, 4. Base, 41. Support rod, 5. Air supply flushing mechanism, 51. First baffle ring, 52. Air groove, 53. Air inlet hole, 54. Groove cover, 55. One-way spray valve, 56. Second baffle ring, 57. First air inlet pipe, 58. Second air inlet pipe, 6. Water pressure sensor, 7. Ultraviolet ring lamp.

[0029] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0032] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 As shown, the present invention proposes a filtration device for water conservancy projects. The basic structure of the device includes a base 4 for support and fixation. Multiple support rods 41 are fixedly installed on the top of the base 4. A horizontally arranged cross-shaped flow channel 1 is stably supported above by the support rods 41. A vertically penetrating receiving port 15 is opened at the center of the cross-shaped flow channel 1, which serves as the installation chamber for the reaction component.

[0033] The cross-shaped flow channel 1 specifically includes a first inlet channel 11, a first outlet channel 12, a second inlet channel 13, and a second outlet channel 14 arranged in a cross shape. The first inlet channel 11 and the first outlet channel 12 are connected to each other along the same straight line and are arranged on both sides of the inlet 15 to form a first straight water path. The second inlet channel 13 and the second outlet channel 14 are connected to each other along the same straight line and are arranged on both sides of the inlet 15 to form a second straight water path. The first inlet channel 11 and the second inlet channel 13 are used to introduce sewage to be treated, and the first outlet channel 12 and the second outlet channel 14 are used to discharge purified clean water. The cross-section of the above four channels is rectangular.

[0034] A flow channel switching mechanism 2 is installed close to and rotatably inside the storage port 15. A servo motor 3 is installed above the base 4 and directly below the storage port 15. The output shaft of the servo motor 3 is connected to the flow channel switching mechanism 2 to provide precise rotational driving force.

[0035] The flow channel switching mechanism 2 is a cylindrical structure, which is assembled by two opposing bow-shaped water-blocking blocks 21, two opposing permeable grids 22, and top and bottom covers 23 and 24 on the upper and lower sides. The interior of the cylindrical structure is filled with titanium dioxide filler as an active medium for photocatalytic reaction.

[0036] To ensure the sealing and flow area matching during channel switching, the horizontal cross-section of the bow-shaped water baffle 21 is bow-shaped, and its outer arc surface slides against the inner wall of the receiving port 15. The vertical distance between the straight surfaces of the two bow-shaped water baffles 21 is strictly equal to the width of the first water inlet channel 11, the first water outlet channel 12, the second water inlet channel 13, and the second water outlet channel 14. At the same time, the inner walls of the upper and lower sides of the four channels are on the same horizontal plane as the inner surfaces of the top cover 23 and the bottom cover 24, respectively, to ensure that the water flow smoothly transitions between the channels and the switching mechanism without any steps blocking the water. The permeable grid 22 is arc-shaped, and its pore size is smaller than the particle size of the titanium dioxide filler, which plays the role of intercepting the filler.

[0037] Both the top cover 23 and the bottom cover 24 are made of a material with high light transmittance to maximize the utilization of light energy. Ultraviolet ring lamps 7 are radially extended and fixed on the upper side of the top cover 23 and the lower side of the bottom cover 24. The ultraviolet light emitted by the ultraviolet ring lamps 7 passes through the top cover 23 and the bottom cover 24 and evenly irradiates the titanium dioxide filler inside, exciting the generation of strong oxidizing free radicals to decompose organic matter in the water.

[0038] The flow channel switching mechanism 2 is provided with an air supply flushing mechanism 5 on its lower side. This mechanism can not only provide physical air flotation flushing force when the packing is caking, but also continuously replenish oxygen for the photocatalytic reaction.

[0039] The air supply flushing mechanism 5 includes a first retaining ring 51 coaxially fixed to the lower edge of the bottom cover 24, and a second retaining ring 56 coaxially and tightly disposed on the lower side of the first retaining ring 51. The second retaining ring 56 is fixed on the support rod 41 and remains stationary, while the first retaining ring 51 rotates synchronously with the bottom cover 24.

[0040] Two arc-shaped air grooves 52 are symmetrically opened along the axis on the bottom cover 24. The two air grooves 52 extend downward into the interior of the first baffle ring 51. The two sets of air grooves 52 are located in adjacent positions on the inner side of each permeable grid 22, that is, the air grooves 52 are close to the interception area where the filler is prone to accumulate. An air inlet hole 53 is opened in the middle of the lower side of the air groove 52 and extends to the outside. The upper side of the air groove 52 is covered with a groove cover 54 that is flush with the upper surface of the bottom cover 24. Multiple one-way spray valves 55 that communicate with the interior of the air groove 52 are evenly distributed on the groove cover 54. The flow direction of the one-way spray valves 55 is strictly limited to flow upward from the inside of the air groove 52 to the top of the bottom cover 24 to prevent sewage and filler from flowing back into the air passage.

[0041] A first air inlet pipe 57 and a second air inlet pipe 58 are respectively connected to the lower side of the stationary second baffle ring 56. Both air inlet pipes pass through the second baffle ring 56 and are connected to its upper surface, and both are connected to a high-pressure oxygen source. In terms of position, the first air inlet pipe 57 is fixedly located directly below the first water inlet channel 11, and the second air inlet pipe 58 is fixedly located directly below the second water inlet channel 13. Through the relative rotation of the first baffle ring 51 and the second baffle ring 56, a purely mechanical automatic switching of the air path is cleverly realized.

[0042] A water pressure sensor 6 is installed on the upper surface of the top cover 23, which extends through the inside of the top cover 23. The water pressure sensor 6 monitors the water pressure changes inside the reaction chamber in real time. When the internal pressure reaches the set clogging threshold, it feeds the signal back to the controller, which then controls the servo motor 3 to drive the flow channel switching mechanism 2 to rotate.

[0043] The specific work process is as follows: Initial operation phase: The flow channel switching mechanism 2 is in the first position. At this time, the two permeable grilles 22 are located at the inner ends of the first inlet channel 11 and the first outlet channel 12, respectively. One permeable grille 22 serves as the inlet connecting to the first inlet channel 11, and the other permeable grille 22 serves as the outlet connecting to the first outlet channel 12. The straight surfaces of the two arc-shaped water-blocking blocks 21 are flush with the two sides of the first inlet channel 11 and the first outlet channel 12, respectively, and the outer arc surfaces of the two arc-shaped water-blocking blocks 21 respectively block the second inlet channel 13 and the second outlet channel 14. With the inner port completely blocked, only the water path from the first water inlet channel 11 to the first water outlet channel 12 is connected. Simultaneously, in terms of the air path, the first air inlet pipe 57 is aligned and connected with the air inlet hole 53 on the air groove 52 located on the upstream side of the flow channel (i.e., at the first water inlet channel 11). The air inlet hole 53 on the downstream side air groove 52 is blocked by the second baffle ring 56, and the second air inlet pipe 58 is blocked by the solid part of the first baffle ring 51. The high-pressure oxygen transmitted is finally sprayed out only from the one-way spray valve 55 at the upstream position, continuously providing sufficient dissolved oxygen for the photocatalytic reaction in the middle position.

[0044] Blockage Triggering Stage: As the photocatalytic reaction continues, under the continuous push of the unidirectional water flow, the internal titanium dioxide filler gradually migrates to and accumulates at the permeable grid 22 position of the first water outlet channel 12, and then forms caking, causing blockage of the flow channel. At this time, the internal pressure of the cavity gradually increases. When the water pressure sensor 6 detects that the internal pressure has reached the set blockage threshold, the controller receives the signal and controls the servo motor 3 to start, driving the flow channel switching mechanism 2 to rotate 90 degrees.

[0045] Rotational depressurization stage: At the intermediate transition position when the flow channel switching mechanism 2 rotates 90 degrees, due to the deviation of the bow-shaped water baffle 21 from the blocking position, the four flow channels, namely the first inlet channel 11, the first outlet channel 12, the second inlet channel 13, and the second outlet channel 14, are in a state of full flow for a short period of time. At this time, the pressure on the inner wall decreases rapidly, and in the dynamic process of the downstream becoming the upstream, some of the accumulated packing is initially dispersed under the disturbance of the multi-directional water flow, and the pressure is further reduced. Therefore, the threshold position detected by the water pressure sensor 6 exists only at the position of the most congested fixed flow channel. Once the controller drives the flip, the pressure will immediately be lower than the threshold, thereby avoiding false triggering of the sensor during the switching process.

[0046] Flow channel switching flushing stage: After the flow channel switching mechanism 2 completes a 90-degree rotation, the permeable grid 22, which was originally at the first water outlet channel 12 (which was already clogged), moves to the entrance of the second water inlet channel 13, while the permeable grid 22, which was originally at the first water inlet channel 11, moves to the position of the second water outlet channel 14. At this time, the two bow-shaped water-blocking blocks 21 block the first water inlet channel 11 and the first water outlet channel 12. At the same time, the original downstream becomes the upstream of the new channel. In terms of synchronous switching of the air path, the second air inlet pipe 58 is connected to the upstream side of the current flow channel (i.e., at the second water inlet channel 13). The air inlets 53 on the air trough 52 are aligned and connected. The air inlets 53 on the downstream side air trough 52 are blocked by the second baffle ring 56, and the first air inlet pipe 57 is blocked by the solid part of the first baffle ring 51. Since the water flow impact alone may not be enough to disperse the severely blocked packing, high-pressure oxygen is ejected from the one-way spray valve 55 at the current upstream position. The buoyancy force generated by the high-pressure airflow and the violent air-water mixing disturbance, together with the impact of the reverse-entering water flow, instantly cause the packing to detach from the permeable grid 22 and re-fluidize. Subsequently, oxygen is continuously supplied upstream in the subsequent process to meet the catalytic reaction.

[0047] Reverse reset and cyclic operation phase: After continuous operation in the new flow channel direction, when the permeable grid 22 at the second water outlet channel 14 becomes clogged again, the water pressure sensor 6 detects that the pressure has reached the threshold again, and then controls the servo motor 3 to drive the flow channel switching mechanism 2 to rotate 90 degrees in the opposite direction to the previous rotation, and the upstream and downstream switch again. Through the above cycle, one permeable grid 22 switches back and forth between the first water inlet channel 11 and the second water outlet channel 14, and the other permeable grid 22 switches back and forth between the first water outlet channel 12 and the second water inlet channel 13, realizing fully automatic anti-clogging and air supply.

[0048] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms “comprising,” “including,” or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0049] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention.

[0050] The present invention and its embodiments have been described above. This description is not restrictive, and the accompanying drawings are only one embodiment of the present invention; the actual structure is not limited thereto. In conclusion, if those skilled in the art are inspired by this description and design similar structures and embodiments without departing from the spirit of the invention, such designs should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A filtration device for hydraulic engineering, comprising horizontally arranged cross-shaped flow channels (1), characterized in that: The cross-shaped flow channel (1) has a vertically penetrating receiving port (15) in the center. The cross-shaped flow channel (1) includes a first water inlet channel (11), a first water outlet channel (12), a second water inlet channel (13), and a second water outlet channel (14) arranged in a cross shape. The first water inlet channel (11) and the first water outlet channel (12) are connected to each other along the same straight line and are arranged on both sides of the receiving port (15). The second water inlet channel (13) and the second water outlet channel (14) are connected to each other along the same straight line and are arranged on both sides of the receiving port (15). A flow channel switching mechanism (2) is rotatably installed inside the receiving port (15). An air supply flushing mechanism (5) is provided on the lower side of the flow channel switching mechanism (2). The flow channel switching mechanism (2) is formed by two opposing bow-shaped water-blocking blocks (21), two opposing permeable grids (22), and top covers (23) and bottom covers (24) on the upper and lower sides, forming a cylindrical structure. The flow channel switching mechanism (2) is filled with titanium dioxide filler. The air supply flushing mechanism (5) includes a first retaining ring (51) coaxially disposed on the lower edge of the bottom cover (24), a second retaining ring (56) coaxially disposed close to the lower side of the first retaining ring (51), and a first air inlet pipe (57) and a second air inlet pipe (58) connected to the second retaining ring (56).

2. The filtration device for water conservancy projects according to claim 1, characterized in that: The permeable grid (22) is arc-shaped, and the horizontal cross-section of the bow-shaped water-blocking block (21) is bow-shaped. The distance between the straight surfaces of the two bow-shaped water-blocking blocks (21) is equal to the width of the first water inlet channel (11), the first water outlet channel (12), the second water inlet channel (13), and the second water outlet channel (14). The cross-sections of the first water inlet channel (11), the first water outlet channel (12), the second water inlet channel (13), and the second water outlet channel (14) are rectangular, and their upper and lower inner walls are on the same horizontal plane as the inner surfaces of the top cover (23) and the bottom cover (24), respectively.

3. A filtration device for water conservancy projects according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the initial position, the straight surfaces of the two arc-shaped water-blocking blocks (21) are flush with the two sides of the first water inlet channel (11) and the first water outlet channel (12), respectively, and the outer arc surfaces of the two arc-shaped water-blocking blocks (21) block the inner ports of the second water inlet channel (13) and the second water outlet channel (14), respectively. When the flow channel switching mechanism (2) rotates 90 degrees, the outer arc surfaces of the two arc-shaped water-blocking blocks (21) block the first water inlet channel (11) and the first water outlet channel (12), respectively, and the straight surfaces of the two arc-shaped water-blocking blocks (21) are flush with the two sides of the second water inlet channel (13) and the second water outlet channel (14), respectively.

4. A filtration device for water conservancy projects according to claim 3, characterized in that: The bottom cover (24) has two arc-shaped air grooves (52) symmetrically arranged along the axis and extending into the first retaining ring (51). The two sets of air grooves (52) are located at adjacent positions inside each permeable grid (22). An air inlet (53) is provided in the middle of the lower side of the air groove (52) and extends to the outside. A groove cover (54) is provided on the upper side of the air groove (52) and is flush with the upper surface of the bottom cover (24). Multiple one-way spray valves (55) that communicate with the inside of the air groove (52) are evenly distributed on the groove cover (54). The flow direction of the one-way spray valves (55) is limited to flowing upward from the inside of the air groove (52) to the top of the bottom cover (24).

5. A filtration device for water conservancy projects according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first air inlet pipe (57) and the second air inlet pipe (58) are respectively fixed to the lower side of the second baffle ring (56) and pass through the second baffle ring (56) to communicate with its upper surface. The first air inlet pipe (57) is located directly below the first water inlet channel (11), and the second air inlet pipe (58) is located directly below the second water inlet channel (13). Both the first air inlet pipe (57) and the second air inlet pipe (58) are connected to high-pressure oxygen.

6. A filtration device for water conservancy projects according to claim 5, characterized in that: The bottom cover (24) is provided with a servo motor (3) for driving the flow channel switching mechanism (2) to rotate. The servo motor (3) is provided with a base (4) for support and fixation. The base (4) is provided with multiple support rods (41) to support the cross-shaped flow channel (1). The second retaining ring (56) is fixed on the support rods (41).

7. A filtration device for water conservancy projects according to claim 6, characterized in that: Both the top cover (23) and the bottom cover (24) are made of light-transmitting material. The top cover (23) and the bottom cover (24) are provided with ultraviolet ring lamps (7) extending radially. The top surface of the top cover (23) is provided with a water pressure sensor (6) that penetrates and connects to the inside of the top cover (23).

8. A filtration device for water conservancy projects according to claim 7, characterized in that: In the initial state, when the permeable grid (22) is located at the inner end of the first water inlet channel (11) and the first water outlet channel (12), the first air inlet pipe (57) is aligned and connected with the air inlet hole (53) located on the upstream side air groove (52), and the second air inlet pipe (58) is blocked by the solid part of the first retaining ring (51).

9. A filtration device for water conservancy projects according to claim 8, characterized in that: When the flow channel switching mechanism (2) rotates 90 degrees, the permeable grid (22) is located at the inner end of the second water inlet channel (13) and the second water outlet channel (14). The second air inlet pipe (58) is aligned and connected with the air inlet hole (53) on the upstream side air groove (52), and the first air inlet pipe (57) is blocked by the solid part of the first retaining ring (51).

10. A filtration device for water conservancy projects according to claim 9, characterized in that: When the water pressure sensor (6) detects that the internal pressure has reached the set clogging threshold, the servo motor (3) drives the flow channel switching mechanism (2) to rotate 90 degrees in the opposite direction to the previous rotation, so as to control one of the permeable grids (22) to switch back and forth between the first water inlet channel (11) and the second water outlet channel (14), and the other permeable grid (22) to switch back and forth between the first water outlet channel (12) and the second water inlet channel (13).

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