Malus micromalus polysaccharide efficient extraction separation preparation process and special equipment

Abstract

The application discloses a high-efficiency extraction and separation preparation process and special equipment for malus micromalus takahashi polysaccharide, and relates to the fields of extraction and separation equipment for medicinal and edible plant polysaccharide and natural product processing technology.The high-efficiency extraction and separation preparation process and special equipment for malus micromalus takahashi polysaccharide comprises an extraction tank, a storage tank and a heating mechanism, a separation mechanism is installed between the bottom of the extraction tank and the top of the storage tank, an agitating mechanism is installed in the extraction tank, the heating mechanism comprises a heat preservation cylinder, an upper circular ring heater and a lower circular ring heater, a first heating part is installed at the bottom of the upper circular ring heater, a second heating part is installed at the top of the lower circular ring heater, a heat recovery assembly is installed between the heat preservation cylinder and a feeding pipe, the heat recovery assembly comprises an air suction fan and a cylinder, heat conduction fins are installed between the inner wall of the cylinder and the surface of the feeding pipe, the purpose is achieved, the paste is avoided, heat is recycled, the extraction and separation effect is good, and the equipment is safe and reliable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of equipment for extracting and separating polysaccharides from medicinal and edible plants and the technology of natural product processing, and in particular to a high-efficiency extraction, separation and preparation process and special equipment for crabapple polysaccharides. Background Technology

[0002] Crabapples are rich in nutrients and are known as the "fruit of a hundred benefits," being both a food and a medicine. Besides being eaten raw, the fruit can be used to make wine, candied fruit, jam, vinegar, and fruit leather. It has the effects of quenching thirst, strengthening the spleen and stomach, and astringing the intestines to stop diarrhea.

[0003] There are various methods for extracting, separating, and preparing different active ingredients from crabapple, such as polyphenols, polysaccharides, oils, and juices. These methods mainly include enzymatic extraction, solvent extraction, and water extraction. Extraction, separation, and preparation equipment is required when extracting active ingredients from crabapple.

[0004] For example, a plant liquid extraction and separation device, as disclosed in Chinese Patent Publication No. CN206965194U, includes a tank, a sealing cap, a steam conduit, a condenser, a liquid conduit, a separation tank, and a heater. The sealing cap is installed at the opening at the top of the tank. The vent at the top of the tank is connected to the inlet of the condenser via the steam conduit, and the outlet of the condenser is connected to the separation tank via the liquid conduit. A heater is provided at the bottom of the tank. When the bottom heater is powered on, it continuously heats the water in the tank to generate steam. The steam carries the vaporized components of the plant aromatic essential oils and enters the condenser along the steam conduit for condensation. After generating stable and continuous steam, the device is adjusted to the heat preservation setting to maintain gentle boiling and ensure stable vaporization and precipitation of the essential oils for plant liquid extraction and separation.

[0005] In existing technical citations, the bottom of the tank can be heated using a heater. However, this design can easily lead to heating dead zones and excessively high local temperatures. Large temperature differences between the top and bottom of the tank, along with localized high-temperature paste, can cause localized overheating and carbonization of the crabapple raw material, affecting the extraction of effective components from the crabapple. Furthermore, it is inconvenient to combine slow deheating with rapid heating, making it unsuitable for adapting to the needs of different raw materials and presenting significant limitations. Traditional processes also suffer from incomplete degreasing, foaming and overflow, heat waste, and backflow of liquid for cross-contamination. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution: A highly efficient extraction, separation, and preparation process for crabapple polysaccharides includes the following steps: Step 1: Select plump crabapples, remove the pits from the crabapples to obtain raw crabapple material, and pre-process the raw material; Step 2: Add water and compound enzyme to the pre-treated crabapple raw material, perform constant temperature enzymatic hydrolysis, inactivate the enzyme in a high temperature water bath, perform multiple ultrasonic extractions, and combine all the water extracts. Step 3: The aqueous extract is concentrated under reduced pressure in the extraction and separation device, and the pigments are removed by decolorization with activated carbon through stirring. Step 4: Add the concentrated liquid to the chloroform-n-butanol mixture, mix thoroughly and let stand to separate the layers. Discard the lower layer of protein precipitate, add anhydrous ethanol to the supernatant while stirring, filter to obtain crude polysaccharide precipitate, and wash with acetone and ether to remove fat-soluble impurities. Step 5: Use a chromatography column to elute neutral polysaccharides with water and acidic polysaccharides with a gradient to remove small molecule monosaccharides and oligosaccharides, and obtain polysaccharide components; Step 6: After dissolving the crude polysaccharide, put it into a dialysis bag, soak it in pure water for dialysis, filter out the salt and small molecule impurities in the system, collect the polysaccharide liquid in the bag, and freeze-dry it to obtain a white and uniformly composed crabapple polysaccharide powder.

[0007] The specific steps for raw material pretreatment are as follows: S1: Raw material cleaning: Rinse the crabapples with clean water and drain the surface water. By employing a pretreatment process that combines washing, hot water rinsing for color protection, low-temperature pulverization, and petroleum ether degreasing, the activity of endogenous polyphenol oxidase in crabapple fruit can be effectively inhibited, completely solving the problem of browning and blackening during raw material processing. At the same time, it efficiently removes fruit wax, surface oil, and weakly polar fat-soluble impurities, reducing the interference of pigments and lipid impurities on subsequent polysaccharide extraction and purification processes from the source, significantly reducing the pressure of subsequent decolorization and impurity removal, and laying the foundation for the preparation of high-purity, high-color-quality polysaccharide products. S2: Inactivate enzymes and protect color. Blanch the washed and drained crabapples in hot water to inhibit polyphenol oxidase, then remove them and cool them quickly in cold water before draining. This method employs a synergistic extraction approach combining constant-temperature enzymatic hydrolysis with multiple ultrasonic extractions. The enzymatic hydrolysis specifically disrupts the cell wall structure of crabapple plants, releasing intracellular bound polysaccharides. Ultrasonic extraction further enhances the polysaccharide dissolution efficiency. Compared to the traditional single water extraction process, this significantly improves the extraction rate of crabapple polysaccharides, effectively avoiding the shortcomings of insufficient polysaccharide dissolution and low raw material utilization in traditional extraction processes. Moreover, water is used as the extraction solvent throughout the process, making it green, pollution-free, and free of organic solvent residues. It is highly safe and meets the production standards for food-grade extracts. S3: Low-temperature drying and pulverization, vacuum drying and ultra-fine pulverization, and sieving through a multi-mesh sieve to obtain crabapple fruit powder. The crabapple fruit powder is stored in a light-proof and sealed container. Through a multi-stage purification process involving vacuum concentration, activated carbon stirring decolorization, removal of protein impurities with a chloroform-n-butanol mixture, ethanol precipitation, acetone-ethyl ether defatting, chromatographic gradient fractionation, and dialysis impurity removal, pigments, proteins, fat-soluble impurities, small molecule monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and inorganic salt impurities in the extraction system can be removed stepwise and precisely. This achieves fine separation and fractionation of crabapple polysaccharides, effectively solving the problems of high impurity content, mixed components, and low polysaccharide purity in traditional processes. It can simultaneously obtain high-purity neutral and acidic polysaccharide components, resulting in products with uniform composition and controllable quality. S4: Add crabapple fruit powder to boiling range petroleum ether, extract at room temperature, filter, and let the filter residue evaporate the petroleum ether for later use to remove fruit wax, oil, and weakly polar fat-soluble impurities. The petroleum ether will be completely removed in subsequent processes. By using pure water dialysis to deeply remove small molecule impurities and salts, and combining this with freeze-drying technology to prepare polysaccharide powder, the problems of polysaccharide structural denaturation, degradation, yellowing and clumping caused by traditional high-temperature drying processes are avoided. This process preserves the bioactivity of crabapple polysaccharides to the greatest extent, and finally obtains crabapple polysaccharide powder with a white color, uniform texture and strong stability, which greatly improves the product's appearance and application value.

[0008] A specialized equipment for the efficient extraction, separation, and preparation of polysaccharides from crabapple fruit includes: a frame, an extraction tank, and a storage tank. The extraction tank and the storage tank are sequentially and detachably fixedly installed inside the frame. A feed pipe is connected to the side of the top of the extraction tank. A condenser is installed on the side of the top of the frame. A heating mechanism is installed on the surface of the extraction tank and the surface of the feed pipe. A separation mechanism is installed between the bottom of the extraction tank and the top of the storage tank. A stirring mechanism is installed inside the extraction tank. The equipment is equipped with a condenser on top, which can quickly condense and reflux the high-temperature steam and volatile organic solvent gases generated during the operation of the extraction tank. In processes such as vacuum concentration, high-temperature enzyme inactivation, and extraction reaction, it can effectively prevent the loss of active ingredients with steam volatilization, greatly reduce material loss, and at the same time avoid the overflow of volatile organic solvents, improve production safety and raw material utilization. It can also stabilize the working pressure and temperature inside the tank, ensure the stable operation of the extraction and concentration processes, and improve product yield. The heating mechanism includes a heat-insulating cylinder, an upper ring heater, and a lower ring heater. The heat-insulating cylinder is fitted onto the surface of the extraction tank. The upper ring heater is fixedly installed at the top of the inner cavity of the heat-insulating cylinder, and the lower ring heater is fixedly installed at the bottom of the inner cavity of the heat-insulating cylinder. A first heating element is installed at the bottom of the upper ring heater, and a second heating element is installed at the top of the lower ring heater. A heat recovery assembly is installed between the heat-insulating cylinder and the feed pipe. By spirally wrapping the first and second heating elements around the surface of the extraction tank, the contact area between the heating device and the extraction tank is increased, and heating from the bottom alone is avoided. At the same time, the heating structure of the upper and lower ring heaters, together with the spiral heating elements, can achieve uniform temperature control throughout the extraction tank, accurately match the different temperature requirements of multiple stages of enzymatic hydrolysis, enzyme inactivation, and extraction, and avoid problems such as insufficient enzymatic hydrolysis and high-temperature degradation of polysaccharides caused by excessive local temperature differences in the tank, and it is less likely to produce high-temperature paste. The heat recovery assembly includes a suction fan and a cylinder. The suction fan is fixedly installed in the middle of the outer circumference of the insulation cylinder. The cylinder is fitted onto the surface of the feed pipe. A bent pipe is detachably fixed between the air inlet at the top of the suction fan and the air inlet at the bottom of the cylinder. The bent pipe is connected to the cylinder to form a gas conveying channel. A heat-conducting fin is installed between the inner wall of the cylinder and the surface of the feed pipe. The air temperature inside the insulation cylinder rises due to heating by the first and second heating elements. The suction force of the suction fan draws the hot air out of the insulation cylinder and, under the conveying force of the bent pipe, the hot air enters the interior of the cylinder. This recovers the waste heat inside the insulation cylinder to preheat the raw materials in the feed pipe, achieving heat energy recycling, reducing the overall energy consumption of the equipment, improving the heat energy utilization rate, saving energy and protecting the environment. Furthermore, the spiral heat-conducting fin increases the heat exchange contact area, resulting in high heat transfer efficiency and good waste heat preheating effect.

[0009] Furthermore, the first heating element is evenly distributed at the bottom of the upper annular heater, and the second heating element is evenly distributed at the top of the lower annular heater. The first and second heating elements are spirally wrapped around the surface of the extraction tank.

[0010] The first heating element is controlled by the upper ring heater, and the second heating element is controlled by the lower ring heater. The first and second heating elements can be turned on simultaneously, resulting in fast heating. Alternatively, one of the first and second heating elements can be turned off, leaving only one heating element for slow heating. With the insulation of the insulation cylinder, heat loss is reduced, adapting to the needs of different raw materials and reducing limitations.

[0011] Furthermore, the air inlet at the bottom of the suction fan is connected to the heat insulation cylinder, the heat-conducting plate is spiral-shaped, and the feed pipe passes through the center of the heat-conducting plate and the center of the cylinder.

[0012] Furthermore, the separation mechanism includes a connector and an anti-backflow device. The connector is fixedly installed on the side of the bottom of the extraction tank, and the anti-backflow device is detachably fixedly installed on the side of the top of the storage tank. A separator is detachably fixedly installed at the end of the connector away from the extraction tank. A suction pump is fixedly installed on the side of the surface of the separator. A right-angle pipe is fixedly installed between the top port of the suction pump and the outer end of the anti-backflow device. The right-angle pipe and the anti-backflow device are connected to form a liquid delivery channel.

[0013] With the connection of the connector, the suction force generated by the suction pump can realize the closed, continuous and automated conveying and separation of the liquid in the extraction tank. The separator can intercept solid residues to achieve solid-liquid separation. The anti-backflow device is in the open state under the pressure of the fluid, which facilitates the liquid to enter the storage tank. When the suction pump stops working and the fluid pressure disappears, the anti-backflow device seals the fluid in time, which can prevent the liquid in the storage tank from flowing back and contaminating the raw materials in the extraction tank, ensuring the cleanliness of the entire extraction and purification process, avoiding cross-contamination, ensuring the purity of polysaccharide products, and improving the continuous production capacity of the equipment.

[0014] Furthermore, the agitation mechanism includes a servo motor and a rotating shaft. The servo motor is fixedly installed at the middle of the top of the extraction tank. The top of the outer circular surface of the rotating shaft is rotatably installed at the top of the inner cavity of the extraction tank through a bushing. A cross support frame is fixedly connected to the outer circular surface of the rotating shaft. An agitating blade is fixedly connected to the outer end of the cross support frame. A defoaming component is installed on the outer circular surface of the rotating shaft near the top.

[0015] The rotation of the servo motor output drives the shaft to rotate, and with the support of the cross support frame, the stirring blades are also driven to rotate, agitating the liquid entering the extraction tank from the feed pipe. The spiral stirring blades, which are attached to the tank wall, and the evenly distributed cross support frame structure ensure that the stirring coverage is thorough and without dead corners. This allows the raw materials, enzyme solution, decolorizing agent, and extractant in the tank to be fully and evenly mixed, effectively improving the efficiency of the enzymatic reaction, the uniformity of decolorization, and the extraction and separation effect. Furthermore, the stirring blades are installed in a way that is attached to the tank wall, which can scrape the walls of the extraction tank and reduce the amount of liquid sticking to the inner wall.

[0016] Furthermore, the rotating shaft is installed vertically, and the top end of the rotating shaft is fixedly installed to the output end of the servo motor through a coupling. The cross support frame is evenly distributed on the outer circular surface of the rotating shaft, and the stirring blade is spiral-shaped, with the curved edge of the outer side of the stirring blade fitting against the inner wall of the extraction tank.

[0017] Furthermore, the defoaming component includes a connecting sleeve, which is detachably fixed to the outer circular surface of the rotating shaft. An upper V-shaped plate is fixedly connected to the top of the outer circular surface of the connecting sleeve, and an inverted V-shaped plate is fixedly installed to the bottom of the outer circular surface of the connecting sleeve. A diamond-shaped piece is connected between the upper V-shaped plate and the inverted V-shaped plate. V-shaped notches are provided at the outer edges of both the upper V-shaped plate and the inverted V-shaped plate.

[0018] When the shaft rotates, the entire defoaming component is driven to rotate as well. Utilizing V-shaped notches evenly distributed on the outer edges of the upper V-shaped plate and the outer edges of the inverted V-shaped plate, forming a serrated shape, it rotates synchronously with the stirring. The serrated edges of the upper and inverted V-shaped plates come into contact with air bubbles on the liquid surface in the extraction tank, thus puncturing the air bubbles and achieving defoaming. At the same time, the diamond-shaped plates evenly distributed between the upper and inverted V-shaped plates cut the foam, further defoaming it. No additional chemical defoamers are needed. The equipment structure solves the problems of foaming and overflow, material loss, and impurity contamination during the extraction process, ensuring the purity of the extraction system throughout the process, without introducing external impurities, and maximizing the preservation of the purity and bioactivity of the polysaccharide product.

[0019] Furthermore, the inverted V-shaped plate is installed directly below the upper V-shaped plate, the rhomboid pieces are evenly distributed between the upper V-shaped plate and the inverted V-shaped plate, and the V-shaped notches are evenly distributed at the outer edges of the upper V-shaped plate and the outer edges of the inverted V-shaped plate, forming a serrated shape.

[0020] Through the synergistic combination of a segmented constant temperature heating waste heat recovery structure, an anti-backflow sealed separation structure, a dead-angle-free stirring structure, and an adaptive defoaming structure, the entire process of extracting, concentrating, and separating crabapple polysaccharides is achieved in a highly efficient, energy-saving, clean, and automated manner, meeting the requirements of a complete set of refined extraction processes.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the technical solution provided by this invention include: First, by spirally wrapping the first and second heating elements around the surface of the extraction tank, the contact area between the heating device and the extraction tank is increased, and heating from the bottom alone is avoided. At the same time, the heating structure of the upper and lower ring heaters, together with the spiral heating elements, can achieve uniform temperature control throughout the extraction tank, accurately match the different temperature requirements of multiple stages of enzymatic hydrolysis, enzyme inactivation, and extraction, and avoid problems such as insufficient enzymatic hydrolysis and high-temperature degradation of polysaccharides caused by excessive local temperature differences in the tank, thus reducing the likelihood of high-temperature paste.

[0022] Second, the first heating element is controlled by the upper ring heater, and the second heating element is controlled by the lower ring heater. The first and second heating elements can be turned on simultaneously, resulting in fast heating. Alternatively, one of the first and second heating elements can be turned off, leaving only one heating element for heating, which allows for slow heating. With the insulation of the insulation cylinder, heat loss is reduced, adapting to the needs of different raw materials and reducing limitations.

[0023] Third, by using the suction force of the suction fan, the hot air inside the insulation cylinder is drawn out and transported into the interior of the cylinder through the bend pipe. The waste heat inside the insulation cylinder can be recovered to preheat the raw materials in the feed pipe, realizing the recycling of heat energy, reducing the overall energy consumption of the equipment, improving the heat energy utilization rate, saving energy and protecting the environment. In addition, the spiral heat-conducting fins increase the heat exchange contact area, resulting in high heat transfer efficiency and good waste heat preheating effect.

[0024] IV. With the connection of the connector, the suction force generated by the suction pump can realize the closed, continuous, and automated conveying and separation of the liquid in the extraction tank. The separator can intercept solid residues to achieve solid-liquid separation. The anti-backflow device is in the open state under the pressure of the fluid, which facilitates the liquid to enter the storage tank. When the suction pump stops working and the fluid pressure disappears, the anti-backflow device seals the fluid in time, which can prevent the liquid in the storage tank from flowing back and contaminating the raw materials in the extraction tank. This ensures the cleanliness of the entire extraction and purification process, avoids cross-contamination, ensures the purity of polysaccharide products, and improves the continuous production capacity of the equipment.

[0025] 5. The rotation of the servo motor output can drive the rotating shaft to rotate, and under the support of the cross support frame, the stirring blades are driven to rotate together, stirring the liquid entering the extraction tank from the feed pipe. The spiral stirring blades that fit against the tank wall, together with the evenly distributed cross support frame structure, ensure that the stirring coverage is complete and there are no dead corners. This allows the raw materials, enzyme solution, decolorizing agent, and extractant in the tank to be fully and evenly mixed, effectively improving the efficiency of the enzymatic reaction, the uniformity of decolorization, and the extraction and separation effect. In addition, the stirring blades are installed in a way that fits against the tank wall, which can scrape the wall of the extraction tank and reduce the liquid from sticking to the inner wall.

[0026] VI. When the shaft rotates, the entire defoaming component will be driven to rotate as well. The V-shaped notches are evenly distributed on the outer edges of the upper V-shaped plate and the outer edges of the inverted V-shaped plate, forming a serrated shape. Rotating synchronously with the stirring, the serrated edges of the upper V-shaped plate and the inverted V-shaped plate come into contact with the air bubbles on the liquid surface in the extraction tank, thus puncturing the air bubbles and achieving defoaming. At the same time, the diamond-shaped plates evenly distributed between the upper V-shaped plate and the inverted V-shaped plate cut the foam, further defoaming it. No additional chemical defoaming agents are needed. The equipment structure solves the problems of foaming and overflow, material loss, and impurity mixing in the extraction process, ensuring the purity of the extraction system throughout the process, without introducing external impurities, and preserving the purity and biological activity of the polysaccharide product to the greatest extent. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a high-efficiency extraction, separation, and preparation process for crabapple polysaccharides provided in this embodiment of the invention; Figure 2 This is a block diagram of the raw material pretreatment method provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a special equipment for the efficient extraction, separation and preparation of crabapple polysaccharides, provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a bottom view schematic diagram of a special equipment for efficient extraction, separation and preparation of crabapple polysaccharides provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the heat insulation cylinder provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a cylindrical cross-section provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the separation mechanism and the extraction tank and storage tank provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the extraction tank provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the stirring mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the defoaming component provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] In the diagram: 1. Frame; 2. Extraction tank; 3. Storage tank; 4. Feed pipe; 5. Condenser; 6. Heating mechanism; 61. Insulation cylinder; 62. Upper ring heater; 63. Lower ring heater; 64. First heating element; 65. Second heating element; 66. Heat recovery assembly; 661. Suction fan; 662. Cylinder; 663. Bent pipe; 664. Heat-conducting plate; 7. Separation mechanism; 71. Connector; 72. Anti-backflow device; 73. Separator; 74. Suction pump; 75. Right-angle pipe; 8. Agitation mechanism; 81. Servo motor; 82. Rotating shaft; 83. Cross support frame; 84. Agitator blades; 85. Defoaming assembly; 851. Connecting sleeve; 852. Upper V-shaped plate; 853. Inverted V-shaped plate; 854. Diamond-shaped plate; 855. V-shaped notch. Detailed Implementation

[0029] Example 1, see Figures 1-6 A technical solution is provided: A special equipment for efficient extraction, separation and preparation of crabapple polysaccharides includes: a frame 1, an extraction tank 2 and a storage tank 3. The extraction tank 2 and the storage tank 3 are detachably and fixedly installed inside the frame 1. A feed pipe 4 is connected to the side of the top of the extraction tank 2. A condenser 5 is installed on the side of the top of the frame 1. A heating mechanism 6 is installed on the surface of the extraction tank 2 and the surface of the feed pipe 4. A separation mechanism 7 is installed between the bottom of the extraction tank 2 and the top of the storage tank 3. An agitation mechanism 8 is installed inside the extraction tank 2. The heating mechanism 6 includes a heat-insulating cylinder 61, an upper ring heater 62, and a lower ring heater 63. The heat-insulating cylinder 61 is fitted onto the surface of the extraction tank 2. The upper ring heater 62 is fixedly installed at the top of the inner cavity of the heat-insulating cylinder 61, and the lower ring heater 63 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the inner cavity of the heat-insulating cylinder 61. A first heating element 64 is installed at the bottom of the upper ring heater 62, and a second heating element 65 is installed at the top of the lower ring heater 63. A heat recovery assembly 66 is installed between the heat-insulating cylinder 61 and the feed pipe 4. The first heating element 64 and the second heating element 65 are spirally wrapped around the surface of the extraction tank 2 to increase the contact area between the heating device and the extraction tank 2 and to avoid heating from the bottom alone. At the same time, the heating structure of the upper ring heater 62 and the lower ring heater 63, together with the spiral heating element, can achieve uniform temperature control throughout the extraction tank, accurately match the different temperature requirements of multiple stages of enzymatic hydrolysis, enzyme inactivation, and extraction, avoid insufficient enzymatic hydrolysis and high-temperature degradation of polysaccharides caused by excessive local temperature differences in the tank, and prevent the formation of high-temperature paste. The first heating element 64 is evenly distributed at the bottom of the upper ring heater 62, and the second heating element 65 is evenly distributed at the top of the lower ring heater 63. The first heating element 64 and the second heating element 65 are spirally wrapped around the surface of the extraction tank 2. The first heating element 64 is controlled by the upper ring heater 62, and the second heating element 65 is controlled by the lower ring heater 63. The first heating element 64 and the second heating element 65 can be turned on at the same time, so that the heating speed is fast. Alternatively, one of the first heating element 64 and the second heating element 65 can be turned off, so that only one heating device is kept on for heating, which can achieve slow heating. Under the heat preservation of the heat preservation cylinder 61, heat loss is reduced, adapting to the needs of different raw materials and reducing limitations.

[0030] The heat recovery assembly 66 includes a suction fan 661 and a cylinder 662. The suction fan 661 is fixedly installed in the middle of the outer circumference of the insulation cylinder 61. The cylinder 662 is sleeved on the surface of the feed pipe 4. A bent pipe 663 is detachably fixed between the air port at the top of the suction fan 661 and the air port at the bottom of the cylinder 662. The bent pipe 663 is connected to the cylinder 662 to form a gas conveying channel. A heat-conducting plate 664 is installed between the inner wall of the cylinder 662 and the surface of the feed pipe 4.

[0031] Heating by the first heating element 64 and the second heating element 65 raises the air temperature inside the insulation cylinder 61. The operator then turns on the suction fan 661 to draw out the hot air from the insulation cylinder 61. The hot air is then transported into the cylinder 662 through the bent pipe 663. This allows the residual heat inside the insulation cylinder 61 to be recovered and preheat the raw materials in the feed pipe 4, achieving heat energy recycling, reducing overall equipment energy consumption, improving heat energy utilization, and saving energy and protecting the environment. Furthermore, the spiral heat-conducting fins 664 increase the heat exchange contact area, resulting in high heat transfer efficiency and good waste heat preheating effect.

[0032] The air inlet at the bottom of the suction fan 661 is connected to the heat insulation cylinder 61. The heat-conducting plate 664 is spiral-shaped, and the feed pipe 4 passes through the center of the heat-conducting plate 664 and the center of the cylinder 662.

[0033] Example 2, based on Example 1, see [link / reference] Figures 1 to 7 A technical solution is provided: The separation mechanism 7 includes a connector 71 and an anti-backflow device 72. The connector 71 is fixedly installed on the side of the bottom of the extraction tank 2, and the anti-backflow device 72 is detachably fixedly installed on the side of the top of the storage tank 3. A separator 73 is detachably fixedly installed at the end of the connector 71 away from the extraction tank 2. A suction pump 74 is fixedly installed on the side of the surface of the separator 73. A right-angle pipe 75 is fixedly installed between the top port of the suction pump 74 and the outer end of the anti-backflow device 72. The right-angle pipe 75 and the anti-backflow device 72 are connected to form a delivery channel. With the connection of the connector 71, the fluid is pumped through the suction pump 74. The suction force generated by the suction pump 74 enables the closed, continuous, and automated conveying and separation of the liquid in the extraction tank 2. The separator 73 can intercept solid residues to achieve solid-liquid separation. The anti-backflow device 72 is in the open state under the pressure of the fluid, which facilitates the liquid to enter the storage tank 3. When the suction pump 74 stops working and the fluid pressure disappears, the anti-backflow device 72 seals the fluid in time, which can prevent the liquid in the storage tank 3 from flowing back and contaminating the raw materials in the extraction tank 2. This ensures the cleanliness of the entire extraction and purification process, avoids cross-contamination, ensures the purity of polysaccharide products, and improves the continuous production capacity of the equipment.

[0034] Example 3, based on Examples 1 and 2, see [reference] Figures 1 to 10 A technical solution is provided: The stirring mechanism 8 includes a servo motor 81 and a rotating shaft 82. The servo motor 81 is fixedly installed at the middle of the top of the extraction tank 2. The top of the outer circular surface of the rotating shaft 82 is rotatably installed at the top of the inner cavity of the extraction tank 2 through a bushing. A cross support frame 83 is fixedly connected to the outer circular surface of the rotating shaft 82. A stirring blade 84 is fixedly connected to the outer end of the cross support frame 83. A defoaming component 85 is installed on the outer circular surface of the rotating shaft 82 near the top.

[0035] The rotating shaft 82 is installed vertically, and its top end is fixed to the output end of the servo motor 81 via a coupling. The cross support frame 83 is evenly distributed on the outer surface of the rotating shaft 82. The stirring blade 84 is spiral-shaped, and the curved edge of the outer side of the stirring blade 84 is in contact with the inner wall of the extraction tank 2. When the servo motor 81 is turned on, the rotation of the output end of the servo motor 81 drives the rotating shaft 82 to rotate. With the support of the cross support frame 83, the stirring blade 84 is also driven to rotate, stirring the liquid entering the extraction tank 2 from the feed pipe 4. The spiral stirring blade 84, which is in contact with the tank wall, and the evenly distributed cross support frame 83 structure ensure that the stirring coverage is complete without dead corners, so that the raw materials, enzyme solution, decolorizing agent, and extract solution in the tank are fully and evenly mixed, effectively improving the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis, the uniformity of decolorization, and the extraction separation effect. In addition, the stirring blade 84 is installed in a way that is in contact with the tank wall, which can scrape the wall of the extraction tank 2 and reduce the liquid from sticking to the inner wall.

[0036] The defoaming component 85 includes a connecting sleeve 851, which is detachably fixed to the outer surface of the rotating shaft 82. An upper V-shaped plate 852 is fixedly connected to the top of the outer surface of the connecting sleeve 851, and an inverted V-shaped plate 853 is fixedly installed to the bottom of the outer surface of the connecting sleeve 851. A diamond-shaped piece 854 connects the upper V-shaped plate 852 and the inverted V-shaped plate 853. V-shaped notches 855 are provided at the outer edges of both the upper V-shaped plate 852 and the inverted V-shaped plate 853. When the rotating shaft 82 rotates, defoaming occurs. The entire component 85 will be driven to rotate together. The V-shaped notches 855 are evenly distributed on the outer edges of the upper V-shaped plate 852 and the outer edges of the inverted V-shaped plate 853, forming a serrated shape. As it rotates synchronously with the stirring, the serrated edges of the upper V-shaped plate 852 and the inverted V-shaped plate 853 come into contact with the air bubbles on the liquid surface in the extraction tank 2, which can puncture the air bubbles and achieve defoaming. At the same time, the diamond-shaped pieces 854 evenly distributed between the upper V-shaped plate 852 and the inverted V-shaped plate 853 cut the foam and further defoam.

[0037] An inverted V-shaped plate 853 is installed directly below the upper V-shaped plate 852. Rhomboid pieces 854 are evenly distributed between the upper V-shaped plate 852 and the inverted V-shaped plate 853. V-shaped notches 855 are evenly distributed on the outer edges of the upper V-shaped plate 852 and the outer edges of the inverted V-shaped plate 853, forming a serrated shape.

[0038] A specialized device for the efficient extraction, separation, and preparation of crabapple polysaccharides includes the following steps: Step 1: Select plump crabapples, remove the pits from the crabapples to obtain raw crabapple material, and pre-process the raw material; Step 2: Add water and compound enzyme to the pre-treated crabapple raw material, perform constant temperature enzymatic hydrolysis, inactivate the enzyme in a high temperature water bath, perform multiple ultrasonic extractions, and combine all the water extracts. Step 3: The aqueous extract is concentrated under reduced pressure in the extraction and separation device, and the pigments are removed by decolorization with activated carbon through stirring. Step 4: Add the concentrated liquid to the chloroform-n-butanol mixture, mix thoroughly and let stand to separate the layers. Discard the lower layer of protein precipitate, add anhydrous ethanol to the supernatant while stirring, filter to obtain crude polysaccharide precipitate, and wash with acetone and ether to remove fat-soluble impurities. Step 5: Use a chromatography column to elute neutral polysaccharides with water and acidic polysaccharides with a gradient to remove small molecule monosaccharides and oligosaccharides, and obtain polysaccharide components; Step 6: After dissolving the crude polysaccharide, put it into a dialysis bag, soak it in pure water for dialysis, filter out the salt and small molecule impurities in the system, collect the polysaccharide liquid in the bag, and freeze-dry it to obtain a white and uniformly composed crabapple polysaccharide powder.

[0039] The specific steps for raw material pretreatment are as follows: S1: Raw material cleaning: Rinse the crabapples with clean water and drain the surface water. S2: Inactivate enzymes and protect color. Blanch the washed and drained crabapples in hot water to inhibit polyphenol oxidase, then remove them and cool them quickly in cold water before draining. S3: Low-temperature drying and pulverization, vacuum drying and ultra-fine pulverization, and sieving through a multi-mesh sieve to obtain crabapple fruit powder. The crabapple fruit powder is stored in a light-proof and sealed container. S4: Add crabapple fruit powder to boiling range petroleum ether, extract at room temperature, filter, and let the filter residue evaporate the petroleum ether for later use to remove fruit wax, oil, and weakly polar fat-soluble impurities. The petroleum ether will be completely removed in subsequent processes.

[0040] In use, first turn on the ring heater 62 and the lower ring heater 63, and preheat the extraction tank 2 through the first heating element 64 and the second heating element 65, and inject the raw material into the extraction tank 2 from the feed pipe 4; Heating by the first heating element 64 and the second heating element 65 raises the air temperature inside the insulation cylinder 61. The operator turns on the suction fan 661 to draw out the hot air from the insulation cylinder 61. The hot air is then transported into the cylinder 662 through the bent pipe 663. The residual heat inside the insulation cylinder 61 can be recovered to preheat the raw materials in the feed pipe 4, realizing the recycling of heat energy, reducing the overall energy consumption of the equipment, improving the heat energy utilization rate, saving energy and protecting the environment. In addition, the spiral heat-conducting plate 664 increases the heat exchange contact area, resulting in high heat transfer efficiency and good waste heat preheating effect. The operator starts the servo motor 81 to operate. The rotation of the output end of the servo motor 81 drives the rotating shaft 82 to rotate. With the support of the cross support frame 83, the stirring blade 84 is driven to rotate as well, stirring the liquid entering the extraction tank 2 from the feed pipe 4. The spiral stirring blade 84, which is attached to the tank wall, and the evenly distributed cross support frame 83 structure, ensure that the stirring coverage is complete and there are no dead corners. This allows the raw materials, enzyme solution, decolorizing agent, and extract to be fully and evenly mixed in the tank, effectively improving the efficiency of the enzymatic reaction, the uniformity of decolorization, and the extraction separation effect. In addition, the stirring blade 84 is installed in a way that is attached to the tank wall, which can scrape the wall of the extraction tank 2 and reduce the liquid from sticking to the inner wall. Simultaneously, when the rotating shaft 82 rotates, the defoaming component 85 will be driven to rotate as well. The V-shaped notches 855 are evenly distributed on the outer edges of the upper V-shaped plate 852 and the outer edges of the inverted V-shaped plate 853, forming a serrated shape. As it rotates synchronously with the stirring, the serrated edges of the upper V-shaped plate 852 and the inverted V-shaped plate 853 come into contact with the air bubbles on the liquid surface in the extraction tank 2, which can puncture the air bubbles and achieve defoaming. At the same time, the diamond-shaped pieces 854 evenly distributed between the upper V-shaped plate 852 and the inverted V-shaped plate 853 cut the foam and further defoam. Furthermore, the first heating element 64 and the second heating element 65 are spirally wrapped around the surface of the extraction tank 2, increasing the contact area between the heating device and the extraction tank 2 and avoiding heating from the bottom alone. At the same time, the heating structure of the upper ring heater 62 and the lower ring heater 63, together with the spiral heating element, can achieve uniform temperature control throughout the extraction tank, accurately match the different temperature requirements of multiple stages of enzymatic hydrolysis, enzyme inactivation, and extraction, avoid insufficient enzymatic hydrolysis and high-temperature degradation of polysaccharides caused by excessive local temperature difference in the tank, and prevent the formation of high-temperature paste. The first heating element 64 is controlled by the upper ring heater 62, and the second heating element 65 is controlled by the lower ring heater 63. The first heating element 64 and the second heating element 65 can be turned on at the same time, so that the heating speed is fast. Alternatively, one of the first heating element 64 and the second heating element 65 can be turned off, so that only one heating device is kept on for heating, which can be used for slow heating. Under the heat preservation of the heat preservation cylinder 61, heat loss is reduced, adapting to the needs of different raw materials and reducing limitations. With the connection of connector 71, the suction force generated by the suction pump 74 enables the closed, continuous, and automated conveying and separation of the liquid in the extraction tank 2. The separator 73 can intercept solid residues to achieve solid-liquid separation. The anti-backflow device 72 is in the open state under the pressure of the fluid, which facilitates the liquid to enter the storage tank 3. When the suction pump 74 stops working and the fluid pressure disappears, the anti-backflow device 72 seals the fluid in time, which can prevent the liquid in the storage tank 3 from flowing back and contaminating the raw materials in the extraction tank 2, ensuring the cleanliness of the entire extraction and purification process, avoiding cross-contamination, ensuring the purity of polysaccharide products, and improving the continuous production capacity of the equipment.

[0041] The above are merely specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. The scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A highly efficient extraction, separation, and preparation process for crabapple polysaccharides, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Select plump crabapples, remove the pits from the crabapples to obtain raw crabapple material, and pre-process the raw material; Step 2: Add water and compound enzyme to the pre-treated crabapple raw material, perform constant temperature enzymatic hydrolysis, inactivate the enzyme in a high temperature water bath, perform multiple ultrasonic extractions, and combine all the water extracts. Step 3: The aqueous extract is concentrated under reduced pressure in the extraction and separation device, and the pigments are removed by decolorization with activated carbon through stirring. Step 4: Add the concentrated liquid to the chloroform-n-butanol mixture, mix thoroughly and let stand to separate the layers. Discard the lower layer of protein precipitate, add anhydrous ethanol to the supernatant while stirring, filter to obtain crude polysaccharide precipitate, and wash with acetone and ether to remove fat-soluble impurities. Step 5: Use a chromatography column to elute neutral polysaccharides with water and acidic polysaccharides with a gradient to remove small molecule monosaccharides and oligosaccharides, and obtain polysaccharide components; Step 6: After dissolving the crude polysaccharide, put it into a dialysis bag, soak it in pure water for dialysis, filter out the salt and small molecule impurities in the system, collect the polysaccharide liquid in the bag, and freeze-dry it to obtain a white and uniformly composed crabapple polysaccharide powder.

2. The efficient extraction, separation, and preparation process of crabapple polysaccharides according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps of raw material pretreatment in step one are as follows: S1: Raw material cleaning: Rinse the crabapples with clean water and drain the surface water. S2: Inactivate enzymes and protect color. Blanch the washed and drained crabapples in hot water to inhibit polyphenol oxidase, then remove them and cool them quickly in cold water before draining. S3: Low-temperature drying and pulverization, vacuum drying and ultra-fine pulverization, and sieving through a multi-mesh sieve to obtain crabapple fruit powder. The crabapple fruit powder is stored in a light-proof and sealed container. S4: Add crabapple fruit powder to boiling range petroleum ether, extract at room temperature, filter, and let the filter residue evaporate the petroleum ether for later use to remove fruit wax, oil, and weakly polar fat-soluble impurities. The petroleum ether will be completely removed in subsequent processes.

3. A specialized device for the efficient extraction, separation, and preparation of crabapple polysaccharides, based on the efficient extraction, separation, and preparation process of crabapple polysaccharides described in claim 1, characterized in that... include: The machine includes a frame (1), an extraction tank (2), and a storage tank (3). The extraction tank (2) and the storage tank (3) are detachably and fixedly installed inside the machine frame (1). A feed pipe (4) is connected to the side of the top of the extraction tank (2). A condenser (5) is installed on the side of the top of the machine frame (1). A heating mechanism (6) is installed on the surface of the extraction tank (2) and the surface of the feed pipe (4). A separation mechanism (7) is installed between the bottom of the extraction tank (2) and the top of the storage tank (3). An agitation mechanism (8) is installed inside the extraction tank (2). The heating mechanism (6) includes a heat preservation cylinder (61), an upper ring heater (62), and a lower ring heater (63). The heat preservation cylinder (61) is sleeved on the surface of the extraction tank (2). The upper ring heater (62) is fixedly installed at the top of the inner cavity of the heat preservation cylinder (61). The lower ring heater (63) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the inner cavity of the heat preservation cylinder (61). A first heating element (64) is installed at the bottom of the upper ring heater (62). A second heating element (65) is installed at the top of the lower ring heater (63). A heat recovery assembly (66) is installed between the heat preservation cylinder (61) and the feed pipe (4). The heat recovery assembly (66) includes a suction fan (661) and a cylinder (662). The suction fan (661) is fixedly installed in the middle of the outer circular surface of the insulation cylinder (61). The cylinder (662) is sleeved on the surface of the feed pipe (4). A bent pipe (663) is detachably fixed between the air port at the top of the suction fan (661) and the air port at the bottom of the cylinder (662). The bent pipe (663) is connected to the cylinder (662) to form a gas conveying channel. A heat-conducting plate (664) is installed between the inner wall of the cylinder (662) and the surface of the feed pipe (4).

4. The specialized equipment for efficient extraction, separation, and preparation of crabapple polysaccharides according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first heating element (64) is evenly distributed at the bottom of the upper ring heater (62), and the second heating element (65) is evenly distributed at the top of the lower ring heater (63). The first heating element (64) and the second heating element (65) are spirally wrapped around the surface of the extraction tank (2).

5. The specialized equipment for efficient extraction, separation, and preparation of crabapple polysaccharides according to claim 3, characterized in that: The air inlet at the bottom of the suction fan (661) is connected to the heat insulation cylinder (61), the heat-conducting plate (664) is spiral, and the feed pipe (4) passes through the center of the heat-conducting plate (664) and the center of the cylinder (662).

6. The specialized equipment for efficient extraction, separation, and preparation of crabapple polysaccharides according to claim 3, characterized in that: The separation mechanism (7) includes a connector (71) and an anti-backflow device (72). The connector (71) is fixedly installed on the side of the bottom of the extraction tank (2). The anti-backflow device (72) is detachably fixedly installed on the side of the top of the storage tank (3). A separator (73) is detachably fixedly installed at the end of the connector (71) away from the extraction tank (2). A suction pump (74) is fixedly installed on the side of the surface of the separator (73). A right-angle pipe (75) is fixedly installed between the port at the top of the suction pump (74) and the end of the anti-backflow device (72) on the outside. The right-angle pipe (75) and the anti-backflow device (72) are connected to form an infusion channel.

7. The equipment for efficient extraction, separation and preparation of crabapple polysaccharides according to claim 3, characterized in that: The stirring mechanism (8) includes a servo motor (81) and a rotating shaft (82). The servo motor (81) is fixedly installed at the middle of the top of the extraction tank (2). The top of the outer circular surface of the rotating shaft (82) is rotatably installed at the top of the inner cavity of the extraction tank (2) through a bushing. A cross support frame (83) is fixedly connected to the outer circular surface of the rotating shaft (82). A stirring blade (84) is fixedly connected to the outer end of the cross support frame (83). A defoaming component (85) is installed on the outer circular surface of the rotating shaft (82) near the top.

8. The specialized equipment for efficient extraction, separation, and preparation of crabapple polysaccharides according to claim 7, characterized in that: The rotating shaft (82) is installed vertically, and the top end of the rotating shaft (82) is fixedly installed to the output end of the servo motor (81) through a coupling. The cross support frame (83) is evenly distributed on the outer circular surface of the rotating shaft (82). The stirring blade (84) is spiral-shaped, and the curved edge of the outer side of the stirring blade (84) is in contact with the inner wall of the extraction tank (2).

9. The specialized equipment for efficient extraction, separation, and preparation of crabapple polysaccharides according to claim 7, characterized in that: The defoaming component (85) includes a connecting sleeve (851), which is detachably fixed to the outer circular surface of the rotating shaft (82). An upper V-shaped plate (852) is fixedly connected to the top of the outer circular surface of the connecting sleeve (851), and an inverted V-shaped plate (853) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the outer circular surface of the connecting sleeve (851). A rhomboid piece (854) is connected between the upper V-shaped plate (852) and the inverted V-shaped plate (853). V-shaped notches (855) are provided at the outer edge of the upper V-shaped plate (852) and the outer edge of the inverted V-shaped plate (853).

10. A special equipment for efficient extraction, separation and preparation of crabapple polysaccharides according to claim 9, characterized in that: The inverted V-shaped plate (853) is installed directly below the upper V-shaped plate (852). The rhomboid pieces (854) are evenly distributed between the upper V-shaped plate (852) and the inverted V-shaped plate (853). The V-shaped notches (855) are evenly distributed at the outer edges of the upper V-shaped plate (852) and the outer edges of the inverted V-shaped plate (853), forming a serrated shape.

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