Electrolytic cell coordinated control method and system based on anode interface maximum temperature prediction

Abstract

The application discloses an electrolytic cell cooperative control method and system based on anode interface maximum temperature prediction, and relates to the technical field of water electrolysis hydrogen production control. The method obtains electrolytic cell operation information in a historical time window before the current time, obtains a maximum temperature prediction value of an anode flow channel and a porous transmission structure contact interface in a prediction time window after the current time according to the operation information, and determines temperature safety information according to the relationship between the maximum temperature prediction value and a temperature safety boundary; the temperature safety information is used as a common control basis to cooperatively control an anode inlet flow and an electrolysis reaction load, at least one of increasing the anode inlet flow and limiting or reducing the electrolysis reaction load is implemented when a preset heat risk suppression condition is met, and the electrolysis reaction load is increased when a preset load up-regulation condition is met. The application helps to improve the timeliness of anode local heat risk response and the coordination of cooling regulation and load regulation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hydrogen production control technology through water electrolysis, and in particular to a collaborative control method and system for electrolyzers based on the prediction of the highest temperature at the anode interface. Background Technology

[0002] Hydrogen production systems using water electrolysis typically control the hydrogen production rate by adjusting the current density. As the current density increases, the amount of hydrogen produced per unit time increases, but the polarization loss, ohmic loss, and local mass transfer resistance within the electrolyzer may also increase, leading to a rise in localized temperature on the anode side. For electrolyzers with an anode flow channel and a gas diffusion layer or porous transport layer, the contact area between the anode flow channel and the gas diffusion layer or porous transport layer is a crucial area for fluid transport and heat exchange within the electrolyzer, and its temperature is easily affected by the electrolyzer's operating conditions and the flow and heat exchange status on the anode side. Existing electrolyzer thermal management typically collects parameters such as the anode inlet temperature, anode outlet temperature, or tank surface temperature, and adjusts the electrolyzer's operating state by increasing the anode inlet flow rate or decreasing the current density when these temperatures approach a set range.

[0003] However, measurable temperatures such as anode inlet temperature, anode outlet temperature, and tank surface temperature mainly reflect the thermal response already generated in the electrolyzer, and there may be a certain time lag between these temperatures and the temperature changes in localized areas within the anode. When the operating conditions of the electrolyzer change, feedback control based solely on these temperatures may not be timely enough to address localized thermal risks at the anode. Furthermore, in existing control methods, the anode inlet flow rate and current density are typically adjusted separately based on corresponding temperatures or operating boundaries, resulting in limited coordination between these two types of adjustments. When using fixed temperature, current, voltage, flow rate, or voltage drop boundaries for operational limits, it may be difficult to simultaneously address thermal safety requirements and hydrogen production load adjustment needs under different operating conditions. Therefore, existing control methods still require improvement in terms of timely response to localized thermal risks at the anode and coordinated adjustment of anode inlet flow rate and current density. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method and system for coordinated control of electrolytic cells based on the prediction of the highest temperature at the anode interface, so as to solve the technical problems of insufficient response to local thermal risks at the anode in existing electrolytic cell control methods, and insufficient coordination between anode inlet flow regulation and electrolytic reaction load regulation.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, according to a first aspect of the present invention, a collaborative control method for an electrolytic cell based on the prediction of the highest temperature at the anode interface is provided. This method is applied to an electrolytic cell having an anode flow channel and a porous transport structure, and is executed by a control device, comprising:

[0006] Obtain electrolyzer operation information within the historical time window preceding the current moment;

[0007] Based on the electrolytic cell operation information, the predicted highest temperature of the contact interface between the anode channel and the porous transport structure is obtained within a predicted time window after the current moment.

[0008] Temperature safety information is determined based on the relationship between the predicted maximum temperature and the temperature safety boundary, and the temperature safety information is used to characterize the degree of thermal risk of the contact interface.

[0009] Using the temperature safety information as a common control basis, the anode inlet flow rate and electrolytic reaction load are controlled in a coordinated manner; wherein, the determination of whether the preset thermal risk suppression condition and the preset load increase condition are met is based at least on the temperature safety information; when it is determined that the preset thermal risk suppression condition is met, at least one of the control of increasing the anode inlet flow rate and the control of limiting or reducing the electrolytic reaction load is implemented; when it is determined that the preset load increase condition is met, the electrolytic reaction load is increased.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the porous transport structure is a gas diffusion layer or a porous transport layer;

[0011] The electrolysis reaction load is adjusted by regulating the current density;

[0012] The electrolytic cell operating information includes the current density, cell voltage, anode inlet temperature, anode outlet temperature, anode inlet flow rate, and anode inlet and outlet voltage drop within the historical time window.

[0013] The pressure drop at the anode inlet and outlet is determined based on the difference between the collected anode inlet pressure and anode outlet pressure.

[0014] In one possible implementation, the maximum temperature prediction value is obtained through a pre-trained maximum temperature prediction model for the anode interface, which is trained based on a model training dataset.

[0015] The temperature labels in the model training dataset are generated by the electrolytic cell anode side simulation model, which includes a secondary current distribution model, a flow channel model, and a thermal model.

[0016] For simulation conditions formed by different values ​​of the current density, the cell voltage, the anode inlet temperature, the anode outlet temperature, the anode inlet flow rate, and the anode inlet and outlet pressure drop, the secondary current distribution model is used to obtain the local current density distribution, the local potential distribution, and the local heat source distribution; the flow channel model is used to obtain the flow velocity distribution and pressure distribution of the anode flow channel; and the thermal model is used to obtain the internal temperature field of the electrolytic cell based on the local heat source distribution and the flow velocity distribution, and to obtain the temperature distribution of the contact interface between the anode flow channel and the porous transmission structure from the internal temperature field of the electrolytic cell, with the highest temperature of the contact interface as the temperature label.

[0017] The model training dataset is constructed using a sliding time window approach. The current density, cell voltage, anode inlet temperature, anode outlet temperature, anode inlet flow rate, and anode inlet / outlet pressure drop within the historical time window before each sampling moment are used as input samples, and the highest temperature of the contact interface within the prediction time window after the corresponding sampling moment is used as the output label.

[0018] In one possible implementation, the temperature safety boundary is a preset temperature safety upper limit, and the temperature safety information includes a temperature safety margin determined based on the highest temperature prediction value and the temperature safety upper limit.

[0019] A first margin threshold and a second margin threshold are preset, wherein the second margin threshold is greater than the first margin threshold;

[0020] When the temperature safety margin is less than the first margin threshold, it is determined that the preset thermal risk suppression condition is met.

[0021] When the temperature safety margin is not less than the first margin threshold and not greater than the second margin threshold, it is determined that the electrolytic cell is in a state where the temperature is controllable and it is not appropriate to increase the electrolytic reaction load.

[0022] When the temperature safety margin is greater than the second margin threshold, the temperature safety margin is determined to be sufficient.

[0023] In one possible implementation, the coordinated control of the anode inlet flow rate and the electrolysis reaction load includes:

[0024] When the temperature safety margin is less than the first margin threshold, the anode inlet flow rate is increased first, wherein the anode inlet flow rate increased in a single instance does not exceed the preset single flow rate adjustment amount, and the adjusted anode inlet flow rate does not exceed the maximum allowable anode inlet flow rate.

[0025] After increasing the anode inlet flow rate, if the predicted maximum temperature of the contact interface is still higher than the upper limit of the temperature safety limit, or if the pressure drop at the anode inlet and outlet exceeds the upper limit of the allowable pressure drop, the electrolysis reaction load shall be limited or reduced.

[0026] When the temperature safety margin is not less than the first margin threshold and not greater than the second margin threshold, the current electrolysis reaction load is maintained;

[0027] When the temperature safety margin is greater than the second margin threshold, and the cell voltage, the anode inlet and outlet voltage drop, and the anode inlet flow rate meet the corresponding operating constraints, the electrolysis reaction load is adjusted upward.

[0028] In one possible implementation, the electrolysis reaction load is adjusted by regulating the current density.

[0029] In the determination of the increase in the electrolytic reaction load, the corresponding candidate current density increase amount is determined according to the temperature safety margin, the relationship between the cell voltage and the upper limit of the allowable cell voltage, the relationship between the anode inlet and outlet voltage drop and the upper limit of the allowable voltage drop, and the relationship between the anode inlet flow rate and the maximum allowable anode inlet flow rate.

[0030] The minimum value among the multiple candidate current density increase amounts is determined as the allowable current density increase amount;

[0031] When the allowable current density increase is greater than zero, it is determined that the preset load increase condition is met, the current density is increased, and the increase in current density does not exceed the allowable current density increase.

[0032] When the allowable current density increase is not greater than zero, it is determined that the preset load increase condition is not met, and the current density is prohibited from being increased.

[0033] In one possible implementation, the electrolytic reaction load is adjusted by regulating the current density, and the method further includes:

[0034] After adjusting the anode inlet flow rate or the current density, the actual response of the anode outlet temperature, cell voltage, and anode inlet and outlet voltage drop is obtained, and the actual change of the anode outlet temperature relative to before the corresponding adjustment is performed is determined.

[0035] Based on the relationship between the actual change in the anode outlet temperature and the preset temperature response threshold, the relationship between the cell voltage and the upper limit of the allowable cell voltage, and the relationship between the anode inlet and outlet voltage drop and the upper limit of the allowable voltage drop, the allowable current density increase amount used to limit the current density increase in the next control cycle is modified.

[0036] When the actual change in the anode outlet temperature exceeds the preset temperature response threshold, the cell voltage reaches or exceeds the allowable cell voltage limit, or the anode inlet and outlet voltage drop reaches or exceeds the allowable voltage drop limit, the allowable current density increase is reduced.

[0037] When the actual change in the anode outlet temperature exceeds the preset temperature response threshold, the cell voltage reaches or exceeds the allowable cell voltage limit, or the anode inlet and outlet voltage drop reaches or exceeds the allowable voltage drop limit in multiple consecutive control cycles, a conservative control mode is entered. In the conservative control mode, increasing the current density is prohibited, and the current operating condition is maintained, the anode inlet flow is increased, the current density is reduced, or shutdown protection is executed.

[0038] According to a second aspect of the present invention, an electrolytic cell collaborative control system based on the prediction of the highest temperature at the anode interface is provided for an electrolytic cell having an anode flow channel and a porous transport structure, comprising:

[0039] The operation information acquisition module is used to acquire the electrolyzer operation information within the historical time window prior to the current moment;

[0040] The anode interface maximum temperature prediction module is used to obtain the predicted maximum temperature value of the contact interface between the anode flow channel and the porous transmission structure within a prediction time window after the current moment, based on the electrolytic cell operation information.

[0041] A temperature safety information determination module is used to determine temperature safety information based on the relationship between the maximum temperature prediction value and the temperature safety boundary, wherein the temperature safety information is used to characterize the degree of thermal risk of the contact interface.

[0042] The collaborative control module is used to collaboratively control the anode inlet flow and the electrolytic reaction load based on the temperature safety information as a common control basis. The determination of whether the preset thermal risk suppression condition and the preset load increase condition are met is based at least on the temperature safety information. When the preset thermal risk suppression condition is determined to be met, the collaborative control module is used to implement at least one of the following: increasing the anode inlet flow and limiting or reducing the electrolytic reaction load. It is also used to increase the electrolytic reaction load when the preset load increase condition is determined to be met.

[0043] In one possible implementation, the porous transport structure is a gas diffusion layer or a porous transport layer, and the electrolytic reaction load is adjusted by regulating the current density;

[0044] The electrolytic cell operating information includes the current density, cell voltage, anode inlet temperature, anode outlet temperature, anode inlet flow rate, and anode inlet and outlet voltage drop within the historical time window.

[0045] The system also includes a simulation temperature label generation module and a model training dataset construction module. The maximum temperature prediction module for the anode interface includes a maximum temperature prediction model for the anode interface pre-trained based on the model training dataset.

[0046] The simulation temperature label generation module is used to obtain the temperature distribution of the contact interface between the anode channel and the porous transmission structure through an electrolytic cell anode-side simulation model including a secondary current distribution model, a flow channel model, and a thermal model, for simulation conditions formed by different values ​​of the current density, the cell voltage, the anode inlet temperature, the anode outlet temperature, the anode inlet flow rate, and the anode inlet and outlet pressure drop, and extract the highest temperature from the temperature distribution as the temperature label;

[0047] The model training dataset construction module is used to construct the model training dataset by using a sliding time window method, taking the current density, tank voltage, anode inlet temperature, anode outlet temperature, anode inlet flow rate, and anode inlet / outlet pressure drop within the historical time window before each sampling moment as input samples, and taking the highest temperature of the contact interface within the prediction time window after the corresponding sampling moment as the output label.

[0048] In one possible implementation, the electrolysis reaction load is adjusted by regulating the current density, and the system further includes a response deviation correction module;

[0049] The response deviation correction module is used to obtain the actual response of the anode outlet temperature, cell voltage and anode inlet and outlet voltage drop after adjusting the anode inlet flow or the current density, and to determine the actual change of the anode outlet temperature relative to before the corresponding adjustment was performed. Based on the relationship between the actual change of the anode outlet temperature and the preset temperature response threshold, the relationship between the cell voltage and the upper limit of the allowable cell voltage, and the relationship between the anode inlet and outlet voltage drop and the upper limit of the allowable voltage drop, the module corrects the allowable current density increase amount used to limit the current density increase in the next control cycle.

[0050] When the actual change in the anode outlet temperature exceeds the preset temperature response threshold, the cell voltage reaches or exceeds the allowable cell voltage limit, or the anode inlet and outlet voltage drop reaches or exceeds the allowable voltage drop limit, the response deviation correction module reduces the allowable current density increase.

[0051] The above-described one or more technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention have at least one or more of the following technical effects:

[0052] This invention provides a method and system for coordinated control of an electrolytic cell based on the prediction of the highest temperature at the anode interface. By acquiring electrolytic cell operating information within a historical time window, the system obtains the predicted highest temperature at the interface between the anode flow channel and the porous transport structure within the predicted time window. Temperature safety information is determined based on the relationship between the predicted highest temperature and the temperature safety boundary, thus providing a basis for judging the thermal risk at the anode interface before the relevant thermal risk manifests as a significant temperature change. Furthermore, using the temperature safety information as a common control basis, the anode inlet flow rate and the electrolytic reaction load are coordinated for control. When the thermal risk suppression condition is met, the thermal risk is controlled by at least one of increasing the anode inlet flow rate or limiting or reducing the electrolytic reaction load. When the load increase condition is met, the electrolytic reaction load is increased. This helps improve the timeliness of the response to local thermal risks at the anode and the coordination between cooling regulation and load regulation, while taking into account both the thermal safety requirements of the electrolytic cell and the needs of electrolytic reaction load regulation.

[0053] The above description is merely an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to better understand the technical means of the present invention and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention are described below. Attached Figure Description

[0054] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of a collaborative control method for an electrolyzer based on the prediction of the highest temperature at the anode interface, according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0055] Figure 2 This is a block diagram of a collaborative control system for an electrolyzer based on the prediction of the highest temperature at the anode interface, according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0056] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 100, Operation information acquisition module; 200, Anode interface maximum temperature prediction module; 300, Temperature safety information determination module; 400, Cooperative control module; 500, Simulation temperature label generation module; 600, Model training dataset construction module; 700, Response deviation correction module. Detailed Implementation

[0057] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0058] Exemplary embodiments will now be described in detail, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description relates to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings denote the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with the present invention. Rather, they are merely examples of systems and methods consistent with some aspects of the invention as detailed in the appended claims.

[0059] This invention provides a collaborative control method for electrolytic cells based on the prediction of the highest temperature at the anode interface, applicable to electrolytic cells with an anode flow channel and a porous transport structure, and executed by a control device. In one specific embodiment, the electrolytic cell includes an electrolytic cell body, an anode flow channel, a cathode flow channel, a gas diffusion layer or a porous transport layer, a membrane electrode assembly, a current collector structure, an end plate, and a power connection terminal. The gas diffusion layer or porous transport layer constitutes the porous transport structure, and the anode flow channel forms a contact interface with the porous transport structure; this contact interface is the region for predicting the highest temperature.

[0060] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of an electrolyzer collaborative control method based on the prediction of the maximum temperature at the anode interface, according to an exemplary embodiment. Figure 1 As shown, the method includes:

[0061] In step S100, the electrolytic cell operation information within the historical time window prior to the current moment is obtained. The current moment serves as the time reference for this prediction of the highest anode interface temperature. The historical time window is located prior to the current moment and has a preset time length. In one specific embodiment, the length of the historical time window can be 30 seconds. The electrolytic cell operation information within the historical time window is used to subsequently obtain the predicted value of the highest temperature at the contact interface between the anode channel and the porous transport structure within the prediction time window.

[0062] In step S200, based on the electrolytic cell operating information, the predicted maximum temperature of the contact interface between the anode channel and the porous transport structure within a predicted time window following the current moment is obtained. The predicted time window is located after the current moment and has a preset time length. Based on the electrolytic cell operating information within the historical time window, the predicted maximum temperature of the contact interface within the predicted time window is obtained. Since the maximum temperature of the contact interface is difficult to measure directly, obtaining the predicted maximum temperature within the predicted time window based on the electrolytic cell operating information can provide a predictive basis for assessing the thermal risk of the contact interface.

[0063] In step S300, temperature safety information is determined based on the relationship between the predicted maximum temperature and the temperature safety boundary. This temperature safety information characterizes the thermal risk level of the contact interface. A comparison relationship is established between the predicted maximum temperature and the temperature safety boundary, and temperature safety information is determined based on this relationship. This temperature safety information links the predicted maximum temperature of the contact interface within the prediction time window to the corresponding safety boundary, characterizing the thermal risk level of the contact interface within the prediction time window, and serving as the basis for the coordinated control of the anode inlet flow rate and the electrolysis reaction load.

[0064] In step S400, the temperature safety information is used as a common control basis to coordinately control the anode inlet flow rate and the electrolytic reaction load. The determination of whether the preset thermal risk suppression condition and the preset load increase condition are met is based at least on the temperature safety information. When the preset thermal risk suppression condition is met, at least one of the following is implemented: increasing the anode inlet flow rate and limiting or reducing the electrolytic reaction load. When the preset load increase condition is met, the electrolytic reaction load is increased. The common control basis means that the control judgments for both the anode inlet flow rate and the electrolytic reaction load are based on the temperature safety information. By using the same temperature safety information as the control basis for both, the anode-side cooling adjustment and the electrolytic reaction load adjustment are both combined with the degree of thermal risk at the contact interface within the predicted time window.

[0065] When the preset thermal risk suppression condition is met, control is performed by at least one of increasing the anode inlet flow rate to enhance the anode-side cooling capacity and by limiting or reducing the electrolytic reaction load to suppress the thermal risk; when the preset load increase condition is met, the electrolytic reaction load is increased.

[0066] By acquiring electrolytic cell operation information within a historical time window, the predicted maximum temperature of the interface between the anode flow channel and the porous transport structure within the predicted time window is obtained. Temperature safety information is then determined based on the relationship between the predicted maximum temperature and the temperature safety boundary. This provides a basis for assessing the thermal risk at the anode interface before the relevant thermal risk manifests as a significant temperature change. Furthermore, using this temperature safety information as a common control basis, the anode inlet flow rate and electrolytic reaction load are coordinated for control. When thermal risk suppression conditions are met, thermal risk is controlled by at least one of increasing the anode inlet flow rate or limiting or reducing the electrolytic reaction load. When load adjustment conditions are met, the electrolytic reaction load is increased. This helps improve the timeliness of the response to localized thermal risks at the anode and the coordination between cooling regulation and load regulation, while also considering both the thermal safety requirements of the electrolytic cell and the needs of electrolytic reaction load regulation.

[0067] In an exemplary embodiment, the porous transport structure is a gas diffusion layer or a porous transport layer;

[0068] The electrolysis reaction load is adjusted by regulating the current density;

[0069] The electrolytic cell operating information includes the current density, cell voltage, anode inlet temperature, anode outlet temperature, anode inlet flow rate, and anode inlet and outlet voltage drop within the historical time window.

[0070] The pressure drop at the anode inlet and outlet is determined based on the difference between the collected anode inlet pressure and anode outlet pressure.

[0071] During the operation of the electrolytic cell, current density, cell voltage, anode inlet temperature, anode outlet temperature, anode inlet flow rate, and anode inlet and outlet pressure drop are collected online. At any given sampling time, the six operational characteristics collected can be expressed as:

[0072]

[0073] in, For current density, Slot voltage, This is the anode inlet temperature. This refers to the anode outlet temperature. This is the anode inlet flow rate. This refers to the pressure drop at the anode inlet and outlet.

[0074] Current density characterizes the electrolytic cell reaction load, cell voltage reflects voltage loss status, anode inlet temperature reflects inlet cooling conditions, anode outlet temperature reflects outlet thermal response, anode inlet flow rate reflects cooling supply capacity, and anode inlet and outlet pressure drop reflects anode flow channel resistance status. By acquiring these six types of operating characteristics, operational information related to anode interface temperature changes can be obtained from aspects such as electrolytic reaction load, voltage status, anode-side thermal status, and flow status. This operational information can then be used to predict the maximum anode interface temperature within a prediction time window.

[0075] In one specific embodiment, the electrolytic cell is connected to an anode circulating water supply module. The anode circulating water supply module includes a water tank, a circulating pump, an anode inlet pipe, an anode outlet pipe, a flow regulating device, an inlet temperature sensor, an outlet temperature sensor, a flow sensor, an inlet pressure sensor, and an outlet pressure sensor.

[0076] The anode inlet and outlet temperatures are acquired using inlet and outlet temperature sensors, respectively, while the anode inlet flow rate is acquired using a flow sensor. The anode inlet and outlet pressures are acquired using inlet and outlet pressure sensors, respectively. A circulating pump and flow control device are used to regulate the anode inlet flow rate; the circulating pump speed is one method of regulating the anode inlet flow rate. The anode inlet flow rate is used as the input characteristic when predicting the maximum anode interface temperature. The calculation formula for the anode inlet and outlet pressure drop is:

[0077]

[0078] in, This is the anode inlet pressure. This is the anode outlet pressure.

[0079] In an exemplary embodiment, the predicted maximum temperature is obtained through a pre-trained maximum temperature prediction model for the anode interface, which is trained based on a model training dataset.

[0080] The temperature labels in the model training dataset are generated by the electrolytic cell anode side simulation model, which includes a secondary current distribution model, a flow channel model, and a thermal model.

[0081] For simulation conditions formed by different values ​​of the current density, the cell voltage, the anode inlet temperature, the anode outlet temperature, the anode inlet flow rate, and the anode inlet and outlet pressure drop, the secondary current distribution model is used to obtain the local current density distribution, the local potential distribution, and the local heat source distribution; the flow channel model is used to obtain the flow velocity distribution and pressure distribution of the anode flow channel; and the thermal model is used to obtain the internal temperature field of the electrolytic cell based on the local heat source distribution and the flow velocity distribution, and to obtain the temperature distribution of the contact interface between the anode flow channel and the porous transmission structure from the internal temperature field of the electrolytic cell, with the highest temperature of the contact interface as the temperature label.

[0082] The model training dataset is constructed using a sliding time window approach. The current density, cell voltage, anode inlet temperature, anode outlet temperature, anode inlet flow rate, and anode inlet / outlet pressure drop within the historical time window before each sampling moment are used as input samples, and the highest temperature of the contact interface within the prediction time window after the corresponding sampling moment is used as the output label.

[0083] By setting different values ​​for current density, cell voltage, anode inlet temperature, anode outlet temperature, anode inlet flow rate, and anode inlet and outlet pressure drop, corresponding simulation conditions are formed. The temperature distribution at the interface between the anode flow channel and the porous transport structure under the corresponding simulation conditions is obtained through the simulation model of the anode side of the electrolytic cell, so as to generate the temperature label required for training the anode interface maximum temperature prediction model.

[0084] A secondary current distribution model is used to calculate the potential distribution, current density distribution, and electrochemical polarization behavior inside the electrolytic cell. This model considers electrode reaction kinetics and ohmic losses to obtain local current density distribution, local potential distribution, local voltage loss, and local heat source distribution. The local heat source distribution is used in the thermal model to calculate the temperature field inside the electrolytic cell.

[0085] The flow channel model obtains the velocity and pressure distribution within the anode channel based on the anode inlet flow rate, anode inlet pressure, anode outlet pressure, and anode channel structure, and also obtains the pressure drop at the anode inlet and outlet. The velocity distribution reflects the flow state of the fluid within the anode channel and serves as input for the thermal model to calculate the temperature field inside the electrolytic cell.

[0086] The thermal model describes the heat generation, conduction, and convective heat transfer processes inside the electrolytic cell. It calculates the internal temperature field of the electrolytic cell based on the local heat source distribution output by the secondary current distribution model and the flow velocity distribution output by the flow channel model. The temperature distribution at the interface between the anode flow channel and the porous transport structure is obtained from the internal temperature field of the electrolytic cell, and the highest temperature is extracted from the temperature distribution at the interface as a temperature label, denoted as [missing information]. ,in, This represents the highest temperature at the interface between the anode channel and the porous transport structure. By combining the local heat source distribution and the flow velocity distribution within the anode channel in the temperature field calculation, the obtained interface temperature distribution corresponds to the local heating conditions and the flow conditions within the anode channel under the corresponding simulation conditions.

[0087] Furthermore, a sliding time window approach is used to construct the model training dataset. For any sampling time... Six types of operational features within a historical time window prior to the sampling time are selected as input samples. The input samples are:

[0088]

[0089] in, The length of the historical time window. and These represent the operating characteristic sequences of current density, cell voltage, anode inlet temperature, anode outlet temperature, anode inlet flow rate, and anode inlet and outlet voltage drop within the historical time window. The six types of operating characteristic sequences within the historical time window contain electrolytic cell operating information for the corresponding time range, used to establish the correspondence between historical operating states and future maximum anode interface temperatures.

[0090] The output label represents the highest temperature of the anode interface within the predicted time window after the corresponding sampling time. Its calculation formula is as follows:

[0091]

[0092] in, To be related to the sampling time The corresponding output labels, To predict the length of the time window, a model training dataset is constructed using the aforementioned sliding time window method. This dataset takes six types of operational feature sequences from the historical time window before the sampling time as input and the highest anode interface temperature within the predicted time window after the sampling time as the output label. This training dataset is used to establish a mapping relationship between historical operational information and the future highest anode interface temperature, providing a predictive basis for the early identification of anode interface thermal risks.

[0093] A maximum anode interface temperature prediction model is pre-trained based on the aforementioned model training dataset. During the online operation of the electrolyzer, the maximum anode interface temperature prediction model uses the aforementioned input samples. As input to the model, and outputting the predicted maximum temperature of the anode interface within the predicted time window after the current moment, the model output is:

[0094]

[0095] in, This is the predicted maximum temperature of the anode interface within the prediction time window. Both the output labels during model training and the predicted maximum temperature during online operation correspond to the maximum anode interface temperature within the prediction time window, enabling the mapping relationship between historical operating information obtained during training and the future maximum anode interface temperature to be used for online prediction.

[0096] In one specific implementation, the maximum anode interface temperature prediction model employs a feedforward neural network model. The feedforward neural network model includes an input layer, a hidden layer, and an output layer. The input layer receives six types of operational feature sequences within a historical time window. The hidden layer extracts the nonlinear mapping relationship between the operational features and the anode interface temperature change. The output layer outputs the maximum anode interface temperature within the prediction time window. The maximum anode interface temperature prediction model can also employ regression models, time series models, support vector regression models, random forest models, gradient boosting tree models, or other machine learning models to establish a mapping relationship between operational information within the historical time window and the maximum anode interface temperature within the prediction time window.

[0097] In an exemplary embodiment, the temperature safety boundary is a preset temperature safety upper limit, and the temperature safety information includes a temperature safety margin determined based on the highest temperature prediction value and the temperature safety upper limit;

[0098] A first margin threshold and a second margin threshold are preset, wherein the second margin threshold is greater than the first margin threshold;

[0099] When the temperature safety margin is less than the first margin threshold, it is determined that the preset thermal risk suppression condition is met.

[0100] When the temperature safety margin is not less than the first margin threshold and not greater than the second margin threshold, it is determined that the electrolytic cell is in a state where the temperature is controllable and it is not appropriate to increase the electrolytic reaction load.

[0101] When the temperature safety margin is greater than the second margin threshold, the temperature safety margin is determined to be sufficient.

[0102] The upper limit of temperature safety refers to the maximum safe temperature at the anode interface, used for comparison with the highest predicted temperature within the prediction time window. This upper limit can be determined based on the membrane electrode material, sealing material, structural form, operating pressure, and the manufacturer's maximum permissible operating temperature of the electrolyzer. The specific value of this upper limit can be set according to different electrolyzer models.

[0103] The temperature safety margin is determined according to the following formula:

[0104]

[0105] in, For temperature safety margin, This represents the maximum safe temperature limit for the anode interface. This refers to the predicted maximum temperature at the anode interface within the predicted time window. The temperature safety margin represents the temperature margin remaining relative to the upper limit of the temperature safety range, and serves as the basis for subsequent coordinated control decisions.

[0106] Furthermore, a first margin threshold is preset. Second margin threshold And satisfy .

[0107] When satisfied When the time window is set, it is determined that there is a risk of temperature exceeding the limit within the prediction time window, and the preset thermal risk suppression conditions are met.

[0108] When satisfied At that time, it is determined that the electrolytic cell is in a state where the temperature is controllable and it is not appropriate to increase the electrolytic reaction load.

[0109] When satisfied If the temperature safety margin is deemed sufficient, the electrolysis reaction load can be adjusted accordingly.

[0110] In an exemplary embodiment, the coordinated control of the anode inlet flow rate and the electrolysis reaction load includes:

[0111] When the temperature safety margin is less than the first margin threshold, the anode inlet flow rate is increased first, wherein the anode inlet flow rate increased in a single instance does not exceed the preset single flow rate adjustment amount, and the adjusted anode inlet flow rate does not exceed the maximum allowable anode inlet flow rate.

[0112] After increasing the anode inlet flow rate, if the predicted maximum temperature of the contact interface is still higher than the upper limit of the temperature safety limit, or if the pressure drop at the anode inlet and outlet exceeds the upper limit of the allowable pressure drop, the electrolysis reaction load shall be limited or reduced.

[0113] When the temperature safety margin is not less than the first margin threshold and not greater than the second margin threshold, the current electrolysis reaction load is maintained;

[0114] When the temperature safety margin is greater than the second margin threshold, and the cell voltage, the anode inlet and outlet voltage drop, and the anode inlet flow rate meet the corresponding operating constraints, the electrolysis reaction load is adjusted upward.

[0115] The coordinated control is based on the temperature safety margin and generates corresponding control commands by combining the anode inlet flow rate, cell voltage and anode inlet and outlet voltage drop.

[0116] When the temperature safety margin is less than the first margin threshold, the anode inlet flow rate should be increased first to enhance the anode-side cooling capacity. The anode inlet flow rate is adjusted according to the following formula:

[0117]

[0118] in, The anode inlet flow rate for the current control cycle. The anode inlet flow rate for the next control cycle. For flow regulation.

[0119] The flow rate regulation amount satisfies:

[0120]

[0121] in, This refers to the amount of flow adjustment per cycle. The maximum permissible anode inlet flow rate is determined by the single flow rate adjustment and the maximum permissible anode inlet flow rate.

[0122] After increasing the anode inlet flow rate, if the predicted maximum contact interface temperature still exceeds the upper limit of temperature safety, or if the anode inlet and outlet pressure drop exceeds the upper limit of allowable pressure drop, the electrolytic reaction load should be limited or reduced. By prioritizing the increase of the anode inlet flow rate to enhance the anode-side cooling capacity, and limiting or reducing the electrolytic reaction load when flow regulation still cannot meet temperature safety requirements or is constrained by the anode inlet and outlet pressure drop, the anode inlet flow rate regulation and the electrolytic reaction load regulation are coordinated.

[0123] The current electrolytic reaction load is maintained when the temperature safety margin is not less than the first margin threshold and not greater than the second margin threshold. In one specific embodiment, the anode inlet flow rate is slightly adjusted based on changes in the anode inlet temperature, anode outlet temperature, and anode inlet and outlet pressure drops.

[0124] When the temperature safety margin is greater than the second margin threshold, and the cell voltage, anode inlet and outlet voltage drop, and anode inlet flow rate meet the corresponding operating constraints, the electrolysis reaction load is adjusted upward.

[0125] In an exemplary embodiment, the electrolysis reaction load is adjusted by regulating the current density.

[0126] In the determination of the increase in the electrolytic reaction load, the corresponding candidate current density increase amount is determined according to the temperature safety margin, the relationship between the cell voltage and the upper limit of the allowable cell voltage, the relationship between the anode inlet and outlet voltage drop and the upper limit of the allowable voltage drop, and the relationship between the anode inlet flow rate and the maximum allowable anode inlet flow rate.

[0127] The minimum value among the multiple candidate current density increase amounts is determined as the allowable current density increase amount;

[0128] When the allowable current density increase is greater than zero, it is determined that the preset load increase condition is met, the current density is increased, and the increase in current density does not exceed the allowable current density increase.

[0129] When the allowable current density increase is not greater than zero, it is determined that the preset load increase condition is not met, and the current density is prohibited from being increased.

[0130] After determining whether to increase the electrolysis reaction load, the electrolysis reaction load is adjusted by regulating the current density. The adjustment relationship of the current density is as follows:

[0131]

[0132] in, The current density for the current control cycle. The current density for the next control cycle, This is the amount by which the current density is increased.

[0133] Furthermore, based on the temperature safety margin, the relationship between the cell voltage and the upper limit of the allowable cell voltage, the relationship between the anode inlet and outlet voltage drops and the upper limit of the allowable voltage drops, and the relationship between the anode inlet flow rate and the maximum allowable anode inlet flow rate, the corresponding candidate current density increase amounts are determined. The allowable current density increase amount is determined according to the following formula:

[0134]

[0135] in, To allow for an increase in current density; This is the adjustment amount of the candidate current density determined based on the temperature safety margin. The candidate current density upscaling amount is determined based on the relationship between the slot voltage and the upper limit of the allowable slot voltage. This is the upward adjustment amount of the candidate current density determined based on the relationship between the anode inlet and outlet voltage drops and the upper limit of the allowable voltage drop; This is the candidate current density adjustment amount determined based on the relationship between the anode inlet flow rate and the maximum allowable anode inlet flow rate.

[0136] In a preferred embodiment, multiple state intervals can be preset for the temperature safety margin, the relationship between the cell voltage and the upper limit of the allowable cell voltage, the relationship between the anode inlet and outlet voltage drops and the upper limit of the allowable voltage drops, and the relationship between the anode inlet flow rate and the maximum allowable anode inlet flow rate, and corresponding candidate current density adjustment amounts can be configured for each state interval.

[0137] When determining the load increase for the electrolytic reaction, the corresponding state range is determined based on the current temperature safety margin, and the corresponding candidate current density increase amount is obtained for that state range; the corresponding state range is determined based on the relationship between the current cell voltage and the upper limit of the allowable cell voltage, and the corresponding candidate current density increase amount is obtained; the corresponding state range is determined based on the relationship between the current anode inlet and outlet voltage drop and the upper limit of the allowable voltage drop, and the corresponding candidate current density increase amount is obtained; the corresponding state range is determined based on the relationship between the current anode inlet flow rate and the maximum allowable anode inlet flow rate, and the corresponding candidate current density increase amount is obtained.

[0138] The candidate current density adjustment amount for each state interval is preset. Specifically, the smaller the temperature safety margin, the smaller the corresponding candidate current density adjustment amount; the closer the cell voltage, anode inlet / outlet voltage drop, or anode inlet flow rate is to the corresponding allowable upper limit, the smaller the corresponding candidate current density adjustment amount. Each candidate current density adjustment amount reflects the degree to which the corresponding operating constraints limit the current current density adjustment range.

[0139] The minimum value among the candidate current density increase amounts is taken as the allowable current density increase amount, so that the current density increase is simultaneously subject to the above-mentioned operating conditions.

[0140] When the allowable current density increase is greater than zero, the preset load increase condition is deemed met, and the current density is increased. The current density increase amount is satisfied.

[0141]

[0142] When satisfied If the preset load increase conditions are not met, the current density will be prohibited from being increased.

[0143] In an exemplary embodiment, the electrolysis reaction load is adjusted by regulating the current density, and the method further includes:

[0144] After adjusting the anode inlet flow rate or the current density, the actual response of the anode outlet temperature, cell voltage, and anode inlet and outlet voltage drop is obtained, and the actual change of the anode outlet temperature relative to before the corresponding adjustment is performed is determined.

[0145] Based on the relationship between the actual change in the anode outlet temperature and the preset temperature response threshold, the relationship between the cell voltage and the upper limit of the allowable cell voltage, and the relationship between the anode inlet and outlet voltage drop and the upper limit of the allowable voltage drop, the allowable current density increase amount used to limit the current density increase in the next control cycle is modified.

[0146] When the actual change in the anode outlet temperature exceeds the preset temperature response threshold, the cell voltage reaches or exceeds the allowable cell voltage limit, or the anode inlet and outlet voltage drop reaches or exceeds the allowable voltage drop limit, the allowable current density increase is reduced.

[0147] When the actual change in the anode outlet temperature exceeds the preset temperature response threshold, the cell voltage reaches or exceeds the allowable cell voltage limit, or the anode inlet and outlet voltage drop reaches or exceeds the allowable voltage drop limit in multiple consecutive control cycles, a conservative control mode is entered. In the conservative control mode, increasing the current density is prohibited, and the current operating condition is maintained, the anode inlet flow is increased, the current density is reduced, or shutdown protection is executed.

[0148] After the anode inlet flow rate or current density is adjusted, the anode outlet temperature, cell voltage, and anode inlet and outlet voltage drops are collected to obtain the actual operating response after the corresponding control action is executed. The actual change in anode outlet temperature is determined based on the collected data before and after the adjustment. In one specific embodiment, the actual changes in cell voltage and anode inlet and outlet voltage drops relative to before the corresponding adjustment are also determined. The anode outlet temperature, cell voltage, and anode inlet and outlet voltage drops are all online measurable operating parameters, and the actual operating response is used to verify the effectiveness of the control action.

[0149] Based on the relationship between the actual change in anode outlet temperature and the preset temperature response threshold, the relationship between the cell voltage and the upper limit of the allowable cell voltage, and the relationship between the anode inlet and outlet voltage drops and the upper limit of the allowable voltage drop, the allowable current density increase for the next control cycle is corrected. Thus, the actual operating response after the control action is executed is fed back to the next control cycle, correcting the subsequent current density increase range.

[0150] When the actual change in anode outlet temperature exceeds the preset temperature response threshold, or the cell voltage reaches or exceeds the upper limit of allowable cell voltage, or the voltage drop at the anode inlet and outlet reaches or exceeds the upper limit of allowable voltage drop, the allowable current density increase for the next control cycle is reduced.

[0151] When the above situation occurs for several consecutive control cycles, the system enters conservative control mode. In conservative control mode, increasing the current density is prohibited, and the current operating conditions are maintained, the anode inlet flow is increased, the current density is decreased, or shutdown protection is executed.

[0152] In an exemplary embodiment, please refer to Figure 2 The present invention also provides a collaborative control system for an electrolyzer based on the prediction of the highest temperature at the anode interface, for an electrolyzer with an anode flow channel and a porous transport structure, comprising:

[0153] The operation information acquisition module 100 is used to acquire the electrolytic cell operation information within the historical time window prior to the current moment;

[0154] The anode interface maximum temperature prediction module 200 is used to obtain the predicted value of the maximum temperature of the contact interface between the anode flow channel and the porous transmission structure within a prediction time window after the current moment, based on the electrolytic cell operation information.

[0155] Temperature safety information determination module 300 is used to determine temperature safety information based on the relationship between the maximum temperature prediction value and the temperature safety boundary, wherein the temperature safety information is used to characterize the degree of thermal risk of the contact interface.

[0156] The collaborative control module 400 is used to collaboratively control the anode inlet flow and the electrolytic reaction load based on the temperature safety information as a common control basis. The determination of whether the preset thermal risk suppression condition and the preset load increase condition are met is based at least on the temperature safety information. When the preset thermal risk suppression condition is determined to be met, the collaborative control module 400 is used to implement at least one of the following: increasing the anode inlet flow and limiting or reducing the electrolytic reaction load. It is also used to increase the electrolytic reaction load when the preset load increase condition is determined to be met.

[0157] The operation information acquisition module 100 acquires the electrolytic cell operation information within a historical time window and provides the electrolytic cell operation information to the anode interface maximum temperature prediction module 200. The anode interface maximum temperature prediction module 200 obtains the predicted value of the maximum temperature of the contact interface within the prediction time window based on the electrolytic cell operation information and provides the maximum temperature prediction value to the temperature safety information determination module 300.

[0158] The temperature safety information determination module 300 determines temperature safety information based on the relationship between the predicted maximum temperature and the temperature safety boundary, and provides the temperature safety information to the collaborative control module 400. The temperature safety information characterizes the degree of thermal risk at the contact interface within the prediction time window and serves as the basis for the collaborative control module 400 to make control decisions.

[0159] The collaborative control module 400 uses temperature safety information as the common control basis for the anode inlet flow rate and the electrolytic reaction load, and at least determines whether the preset thermal risk suppression conditions and preset load increase conditions are met based on the temperature safety information. By using the same temperature safety information for control judgment, both the anode inlet flow rate adjustment and the electrolytic reaction load adjustment are implemented in conjunction with the thermal risk status of the contact interface within the predicted time window.

[0160] When the preset thermal risk suppression condition is met, the collaborative control module 400 implements at least one of the following: increasing the anode inlet flow rate and limiting or reducing the electrolytic reaction load. Increasing the anode inlet flow rate enhances the anode-side cooling capacity; limiting or reducing the electrolytic reaction load suppresses the thermal risk under the corresponding operating conditions.

[0161] When the preset load increase conditions are met, the collaborative control module 400 increases the electrolytic reaction load. In one specific embodiment, the collaborative control module 400 sends corresponding control commands to the flow regulating device and the power supply module to respectively regulate the anode inlet flow and the electrolytic reaction load.

[0162] In an exemplary embodiment, the porous transport structure is a gas diffusion layer or a porous transport layer, and the electrolytic reaction load is adjusted by regulating the current density;

[0163] The electrolytic cell operating information includes the current density, cell voltage, anode inlet temperature, anode outlet temperature, anode inlet flow rate, and anode inlet and outlet voltage drop within the historical time window.

[0164] The system also includes a simulation temperature label generation module 500 and a model training dataset construction module 600. The maximum temperature prediction module 200 for the anode interface includes a maximum temperature prediction model for the anode interface pre-trained based on the model training dataset.

[0165] The simulation temperature label generation module 500 is used to obtain the temperature distribution of the contact interface between the anode channel and the porous transmission structure through an electrolytic cell anode-side simulation model including a secondary current distribution model, a flow channel model, and a thermal model, for simulation conditions formed by different values ​​of the current density, the cell voltage, the anode inlet temperature, the anode outlet temperature, the anode inlet flow rate, and the anode inlet and outlet pressure drop, and extract the highest temperature from the temperature distribution as a temperature label;

[0166] The model training dataset construction module 600 is used to construct the model training dataset by using a sliding time window method, taking the current density, the tank voltage, the anode inlet temperature, the anode outlet temperature, the anode inlet flow rate, and the anode inlet and outlet pressure drop within the historical time window before each sampling moment as input samples, and taking the highest temperature of the contact interface within the prediction time window after the corresponding sampling moment as the output label.

[0167] The operation information acquisition module 100 acquires the current density, cell voltage, anode inlet temperature, anode outlet temperature, anode inlet flow rate, and anode inlet and outlet voltage drop within a historical time window. This operation information reflects the electrolytic cell's reaction load, voltage loss status, inlet cooling conditions, outlet thermal response, cooling supply capacity, and anode flow channel resistance status, respectively, and serves as input information for the online prediction of the anode interface maximum temperature prediction model.

[0168] The simulation temperature label generation module 500 establishes a simulation model of the anode side of the electrolytic cell. This model includes a secondary current distribution model, a flow channel model, and a thermal model. The secondary current distribution model is used to calculate the potential distribution, current density distribution, and electrochemical polarization behavior inside the electrolytic cell, and considers electrode reaction kinetics and ohmic losses to obtain local current density distribution, local potential distribution, local voltage loss, and local heat source distribution.

[0169] The flow channel model, based on the anode inlet flow rate, anode inlet pressure, anode outlet pressure, and anode flow channel structure, obtains the velocity and pressure distribution within the anode flow channel, and also obtains the pressure drop at the anode inlet and outlet. The thermal model describes the heat generation, conduction, and convective heat transfer processes inside the electrolytic cell. Based on the local heat source distribution output by the secondary current distribution model and the velocity distribution output by the flow channel model, it calculates the internal temperature field of the electrolytic cell and obtains the temperature distribution at the interface between the anode flow channel and the gas diffusion layer or porous transport layer.

[0170] The simulation temperature label generation module 500 extracts the highest temperature from the temperature distribution of the contact interface as the temperature label. The local heat source distribution output by the secondary current distribution model and the flow velocity distribution output by the flow channel model are used together as inputs for the thermal model to calculate the temperature distribution of the contact interface, so that the temperature label corresponds to the local heating state and flow state under the corresponding simulation conditions.

[0171] Furthermore, the model training dataset construction module 600 employs a sliding time window approach to construct training samples. For each sampling moment, current density, cell voltage, anode inlet temperature, anode outlet temperature, anode inlet flow rate, and anode inlet / outlet pressure drop within the historical time window preceding that sampling moment are selected as input samples. The highest anode interface temperature within the predicted time window following the corresponding sampling moment is used as the output label to construct the model training dataset. This model training dataset is used to establish a mapping relationship between historical operating information and the future highest anode interface temperature.

[0172] A maximum anode interface temperature prediction model is pre-trained based on the model training dataset. During the online operation of the electrolytic cell, the maximum anode interface temperature prediction module 200 calls the pre-trained maximum anode interface temperature prediction model and obtains the predicted maximum anode interface temperature for the prediction time window after the current moment based on six types of operating characteristics within the historical time window before the current moment.

[0173] In one specific implementation, the maximum anode interface temperature prediction model employs a feedforward neural network model, including an input layer, a hidden layer, and an output layer. The input layer receives six types of operational feature sequences within a historical time window, the hidden layer extracts the nonlinear mapping relationship between the operational features and the anode interface temperature change, and the output layer outputs the maximum anode interface temperature within the prediction time window. The maximum anode interface temperature prediction model can also employ regression models, time series models, support vector regression models, random forest models, gradient boosting tree models, or other machine learning models.

[0174] In an exemplary embodiment, the electrolysis reaction load is adjusted by regulating the current density, and the system further includes a response deviation correction module 700;

[0175] The response deviation correction module 700 is used to obtain the actual response of the anode outlet temperature, cell voltage and anode inlet and outlet voltage drop after adjusting the anode inlet flow or the current density, and to determine the actual change of the anode outlet temperature relative to before the corresponding adjustment was performed. Based on the relationship between the actual change of the anode outlet temperature and the preset temperature response threshold, the relationship between the cell voltage and the upper limit of the allowable cell voltage, and the relationship between the anode inlet and outlet voltage drop and the upper limit of the allowable voltage drop, the module corrects the allowable current density increase amount used to limit the current density increase in the next control cycle.

[0176] When the actual change in the anode outlet temperature exceeds the preset temperature response threshold, the cell voltage reaches or exceeds the allowable cell voltage limit, or the anode inlet and outlet voltage drop reaches or exceeds the allowable voltage drop limit, the response deviation correction module 700 reduces the allowable current density increase.

[0177] After the collaborative control module 400 performs anode inlet flow rate or current density adjustment, the response deviation correction module 700 acquires the anode outlet temperature, cell voltage, and anode inlet and outlet voltage drop after the adjustment is executed, and obtains the actual changes of the above operating parameters relative to the time before the corresponding adjustment based on the acquisition results before and after the adjustment. The anode outlet temperature, cell voltage, and anode inlet and outlet voltage drop are all acquired online; the anode interface maximum temperature prediction model is used to obtain the predicted value of the maximum temperature of the contact interface within the prediction time window. The actual operating response is used to provide feedback verification of the execution effect of the corresponding adjustment.

[0178] The response deviation correction module 700 compares the actual change in anode outlet temperature with a preset temperature response threshold, and compares the cell voltage and anode inlet / outlet voltage drop after adjustment with their corresponding allowable upper limits. Based on the comparison results, it corrects the allowable current density increase amount used to limit the current density increase in the next control cycle. By feeding back the actual operating response after adjustment to the next control cycle, the subsequent current density increase range is corrected.

[0179] When the actual change in anode outlet temperature exceeds the preset temperature response threshold, the cell voltage reaches or exceeds the upper limit of allowable cell voltage, or the voltage drop at the anode inlet and outlet reaches or exceeds the upper limit of allowable voltage drop, the response deviation correction module 700 reduces the allowable current density increase in the next control cycle.

[0180] Furthermore, when the actual operating response exceeds the corresponding threshold or allowable upper limit for multiple consecutive control cycles, a conservative control mode is entered. In conservative control mode, increasing the current density is prohibited; only maintaining the current operating conditions, increasing the anode inlet flow, decreasing the current density, or executing shutdown protection are permitted.

[0181] In one specific embodiment, the system further includes a safety protection module, which is used to handle abnormal operating conditions during the operation of the electrolytic cell.

[0182] The above description describes specific embodiments of the present invention. Without departing from the inventive concept, those skilled in the art can make equivalent substitutions or modifications to the corresponding technical features based on the disclosed content of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A collaborative control method for electrolytic cells based on the prediction of the highest temperature at the anode interface, applied to electrolytic cells with anode flow channels and porous transport structures, characterized in that, Performed by a control device, including: Obtain electrolyzer operation information within the historical time window preceding the current moment; Based on the electrolytic cell operation information, the predicted highest temperature of the contact interface between the anode channel and the porous transport structure is obtained within a predicted time window after the current moment. Temperature safety information is determined based on the relationship between the predicted maximum temperature and the temperature safety boundary, and the temperature safety information is used to characterize the degree of thermal risk of the contact interface. Using the temperature safety information as a common control basis, the anode inlet flow rate and electrolytic reaction load are controlled in a coordinated manner; wherein, the determination of whether the preset thermal risk suppression condition and the preset load increase condition are met is based at least on the temperature safety information; when it is determined that the preset thermal risk suppression condition is met, at least one of the control of increasing the anode inlet flow rate and the control of limiting or reducing the electrolytic reaction load is implemented; when it is determined that the preset load increase condition is met, the electrolytic reaction load is increased.

2. The electrolytic cell collaborative control method based on the prediction of the highest temperature at the anode interface according to claim 1, characterized in that, The porous transport structure is a gas diffusion layer or a porous transport layer; The electrolysis reaction load is adjusted by regulating the current density; The electrolytic cell operating information includes the current density, cell voltage, anode inlet temperature, anode outlet temperature, anode inlet flow rate, and anode inlet and outlet voltage drop within the historical time window. The pressure drop at the anode inlet and outlet is determined based on the difference between the collected anode inlet pressure and anode outlet pressure.

3. The electrolytic cell collaborative control method based on the prediction of the highest temperature at the anode interface according to claim 2, characterized in that, The predicted maximum temperature is obtained through a pre-trained maximum temperature prediction model for the anode interface, which is trained based on a model training dataset. The temperature labels in the model training dataset are generated by the electrolytic cell anode side simulation model, which includes a secondary current distribution model, a flow channel model, and a thermal model. For simulation conditions formed by different values ​​of the current density, the cell voltage, the anode inlet temperature, the anode outlet temperature, the anode inlet flow rate, and the anode inlet and outlet pressure drop, the secondary current distribution model is used to obtain the local current density distribution, the local potential distribution, and the local heat source distribution; the flow channel model is used to obtain the flow velocity distribution and pressure distribution of the anode flow channel; and the thermal model is used to obtain the internal temperature field of the electrolytic cell based on the local heat source distribution and the flow velocity distribution, and to obtain the temperature distribution of the contact interface between the anode flow channel and the porous transmission structure from the internal temperature field of the electrolytic cell, with the highest temperature of the contact interface as the temperature label. The model training dataset is constructed using a sliding time window approach. The current density, cell voltage, anode inlet temperature, anode outlet temperature, anode inlet flow rate, and anode inlet / outlet pressure drop within the historical time window before each sampling moment are used as input samples, and the highest temperature of the contact interface within the prediction time window after the corresponding sampling moment is used as the output label.

4. The electrolytic cell collaborative control method based on the prediction of the highest temperature at the anode interface according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The temperature safety boundary is a preset temperature safety upper limit, and the temperature safety information includes a temperature safety margin determined based on the highest temperature prediction value and the temperature safety upper limit. A first margin threshold and a second margin threshold are preset, wherein the second margin threshold is greater than the first margin threshold; When the temperature safety margin is less than the first margin threshold, it is determined that the preset thermal risk suppression condition is met. When the temperature safety margin is not less than the first margin threshold and not greater than the second margin threshold, it is determined that the electrolytic cell is in a state where the temperature is controllable and it is not appropriate to increase the electrolytic reaction load. When the temperature safety margin is greater than the second margin threshold, the temperature safety margin is determined to be sufficient.

5. The electrolytic cell collaborative control method based on the prediction of the highest temperature at the anode interface according to claim 4, characterized in that, The coordinated control of the anode inlet flow rate and the electrolysis reaction load includes: When the temperature safety margin is less than the first margin threshold, the anode inlet flow rate is increased first, wherein the anode inlet flow rate increased in a single instance does not exceed the preset single flow rate adjustment amount, and the adjusted anode inlet flow rate does not exceed the maximum allowable anode inlet flow rate. After increasing the anode inlet flow rate, if the predicted maximum temperature of the contact interface is still higher than the upper limit of the temperature safety limit, or if the pressure drop at the anode inlet and outlet exceeds the upper limit of the allowable pressure drop, the electrolysis reaction load shall be limited or reduced. When the temperature safety margin is not less than the first margin threshold and not greater than the second margin threshold, the current electrolysis reaction load is maintained; When the temperature safety margin is greater than the second margin threshold, and the cell voltage, the anode inlet and outlet voltage drop, and the anode inlet flow rate meet the corresponding operating constraints, the electrolysis reaction load is adjusted upward.

6. The electrolytic cell collaborative control method based on the prediction of the highest temperature at the anode interface according to claim 5, characterized in that, The electrolysis reaction load is adjusted by regulating the current density. In the determination of the increase in the electrolytic reaction load, the corresponding candidate current density increase amount is determined according to the temperature safety margin, the relationship between the cell voltage and the upper limit of the allowable cell voltage, the relationship between the anode inlet and outlet voltage drop and the upper limit of the allowable voltage drop, and the relationship between the anode inlet flow rate and the maximum allowable anode inlet flow rate. The minimum value among the multiple candidate current density increase amounts is determined as the allowable current density increase amount; When the allowable current density increase is greater than zero, it is determined that the preset load increase condition is met, the current density is increased, and the increase in current density does not exceed the allowable current density increase. When the allowable current density increase is not greater than zero, it is determined that the preset load increase condition is not met, and the current density is prohibited from being increased.

7. The electrolytic cell collaborative control method based on the prediction of the highest temperature at the anode interface according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electrolysis reaction load is adjusted by regulating the current density, and further includes: After adjusting the anode inlet flow rate or the current density, the actual response of the anode outlet temperature, cell voltage, and anode inlet and outlet voltage drop is obtained, and the actual change of the anode outlet temperature relative to before the corresponding adjustment is performed is determined. Based on the relationship between the actual change in the anode outlet temperature and the preset temperature response threshold, the relationship between the cell voltage and the upper limit of the allowable cell voltage, and the relationship between the anode inlet and outlet voltage drop and the upper limit of the allowable voltage drop, the allowable current density increase amount used to limit the current density increase in the next control cycle is modified. When the actual change in the anode outlet temperature exceeds the preset temperature response threshold, the cell voltage reaches or exceeds the allowable cell voltage limit, or the anode inlet and outlet voltage drop reaches or exceeds the allowable voltage drop limit, the allowable current density increase is reduced. When the actual change in the anode outlet temperature exceeds the preset temperature response threshold, the cell voltage reaches or exceeds the allowable cell voltage limit, or the anode inlet and outlet voltage drop reaches or exceeds the allowable voltage drop limit in multiple consecutive control cycles, a conservative control mode is entered. In the conservative control mode, increasing the current density is prohibited, and the current operating condition is maintained, the anode inlet flow is increased, the current density is reduced, or shutdown protection is executed.

8. A collaborative control system for an electrolytic cell based on the prediction of the highest temperature at the anode interface, used in an electrolytic cell with an anode flow channel and a porous transport structure, characterized in that, include: The operation information acquisition module is used to acquire the electrolyzer operation information within the historical time window prior to the current moment; The anode interface maximum temperature prediction module is used to obtain the predicted maximum temperature value of the contact interface between the anode flow channel and the porous transmission structure within a prediction time window after the current moment, based on the electrolytic cell operation information. A temperature safety information determination module is used to determine temperature safety information based on the relationship between the maximum temperature prediction value and the temperature safety boundary, wherein the temperature safety information is used to characterize the degree of thermal risk of the contact interface. The collaborative control module is used to collaboratively control the anode inlet flow and electrolysis reaction load based on the temperature safety information; wherein the determination of whether the preset thermal risk suppression condition and the preset load increase condition are met is based at least on the temperature safety information. The collaborative control module is used to implement at least one of the following when it is determined that the preset thermal risk suppression condition is met: increasing the anode inlet flow rate and limiting or reducing the electrolytic reaction load. It is also used to increase the electrolytic reaction load when it is determined that the preset load increase condition is met.

9. The electrolytic cell collaborative control system based on the prediction of the highest temperature at the anode interface according to claim 8, characterized in that, The porous transport structure is a gas diffusion layer or a porous transport layer, and the electrolytic reaction load is adjusted by regulating the current density; The electrolytic cell operating information includes the current density, cell voltage, anode inlet temperature, anode outlet temperature, anode inlet flow rate, and anode inlet and outlet voltage drop within the historical time window. The system also includes a simulation temperature label generation module and a model training dataset construction module. The maximum temperature prediction module for the anode interface includes a maximum temperature prediction model for the anode interface pre-trained based on the model training dataset. The simulation temperature label generation module is used to obtain the temperature distribution of the contact interface between the anode channel and the porous transmission structure through an electrolytic cell anode-side simulation model including a secondary current distribution model, a flow channel model, and a thermal model, for simulation conditions formed by different values ​​of the current density, the cell voltage, the anode inlet temperature, the anode outlet temperature, the anode inlet flow rate, and the anode inlet and outlet pressure drop, and extract the highest temperature from the temperature distribution as the temperature label; The model training dataset construction module is used to construct the model training dataset by using a sliding time window method, taking the current density, tank voltage, anode inlet temperature, anode outlet temperature, anode inlet flow rate, and anode inlet / outlet pressure drop within the historical time window before each sampling moment as input samples, and taking the highest temperature of the contact interface within the prediction time window after the corresponding sampling moment as the output label.

10. The electrolytic cell collaborative control system based on the prediction of the highest temperature at the anode interface according to claim 8, characterized in that, The electrolysis reaction load is adjusted by regulating the current density, and the system also includes a response deviation correction module; The response deviation correction module is used to obtain the actual response of the anode outlet temperature, cell voltage and anode inlet and outlet voltage drop after adjusting the anode inlet flow or the current density, and to determine the actual change of the anode outlet temperature relative to before the corresponding adjustment was performed. Based on the relationship between the actual change of the anode outlet temperature and the preset temperature response threshold, the relationship between the cell voltage and the upper limit of the allowable cell voltage, and the relationship between the anode inlet and outlet voltage drop and the upper limit of the allowable voltage drop, the module corrects the allowable current density increase amount used to limit the current density increase in the next control cycle. When the actual change in the anode outlet temperature exceeds the preset temperature response threshold, the cell voltage reaches or exceeds the allowable cell voltage limit, or the anode inlet and outlet voltage drop reaches or exceeds the allowable voltage drop limit, the response deviation correction module reduces the allowable current density increase.

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