Electrolytic cell body and steel rod temperature on-line detection and monitoring system

Abstract

The application discloses an electrolytic cell body and a steel rod temperature on-line detection and monitoring system, and relates to the technical field of electrolytic aluminum production safety monitoring. The system comprises a temperature measurement and collection unit, which collects temperature data of multiple temperature measurement points; a current collection unit, which collects current data of the cathode steel rod; a data processing unit, which obtains a temperature peak value area and a thermal field distribution based on the temperature data, extracts a hot spot center coordinate, obtains a hot spot migration trajectory, a hot spot migration direction and a hot spot migration rate based on the hot spot center coordinate, obtains a current bias flow coefficient, a coefficient change sequence, a current distribution and a local current abnormal concentration area based on the current data, and performs correlation analysis on the local current abnormal concentration area and the hot spot migration trajectory to obtain a thermoelectric coupling abnormal area; and generates a leakage risk early warning signal when the thermoelectric coupling abnormal area continuously meets a preset condition. The system solves the problems that the electrolytic cell operation state monitoring system only performs leakage early warning through temperature overrun, the early warning is lagged, current redistribution phenomena in the leakage formation process cannot be identified, a temperature field and a current field cooperative analysis mechanism is lacked, and it is difficult to find the development trend of the thermal abnormality diffusion to the cell shell in advance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of safety monitoring technology in electrolytic aluminum production, specifically to an online detection and monitoring system for the temperature of the electrolytic cell body and steel bars. Background Technology

[0002] Electrolytic cells are the core equipment in the electrolytic aluminum production process, and their operating status directly affects the safety, stability, and economy of electrolytic production. Electrolytic cells operate under high temperature, high current, and strong corrosive environments for extended periods. The cell lining, cathode carbon blocks, and steel rod structures gradually age over time. When localized areas of the cell experience lining erosion, cathode structural damage, or abnormal current distribution, localized hot spots can easily form, leading to furnace leakage accidents. Furnace leakage accidents not only cause electrolytic cell shutdowns but can also result in electrolyte and molten aluminum leaks, causing equipment damage, personnel injuries, and significant economic losses. Therefore, how to achieve early identification and warning of furnace leakage risks has become an important research direction in the electrolytic aluminum industry.

[0003] In existing technologies, the monitoring of the operating status of electrolytic cells mainly employs methods such as temperature measurement of the cell shell, temperature measurement of the cathode steel rod, or current detection. Among these, the temperature monitoring system typically collects the surface temperature of the cell using thermocouples or infrared temperature measuring devices and issues over-temperature alarms based on temperature thresholds; the current monitoring system mainly collects the current of the cathode steel rod to analyze the current distribution.

[0004] However, existing technologies still have the following problems: 1) Most monitoring systems only monitor temperature parameters. When an abnormal temperature rise is detected, a significant thermal anomaly area has already formed inside the electrolytic cell, resulting in poor early warning timeliness. 2) Although some systems can acquire steel bar current data, they are usually only used for production operation analysis and fail to correlate current changes with the thermal field evolution process. 3) Existing furnace leakage early warning methods are mainly based on fixed temperature thresholds, which makes it difficult to identify early signs of furnace leakage during the process. 4) The lack of an analysis mechanism for the coupling relationship between changes in the current field and changes in the temperature field makes it impossible to accurately reflect the development trend of thermal anomalies inside the electrolytic cell, resulting in a high rate of missed alarms and false alarms. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problems of electrolytic cell operation status monitoring systems that rely solely on temperature exceeding limits for leak warnings, resulting in delayed warnings, inability to identify current redistribution during leak formation, lack of a coordinated analysis mechanism for temperature and current fields, and difficulty in detecting the spread of thermal anomalies to the cell shell, this invention provides an online temperature detection and monitoring system for the electrolytic cell body and steel bars. The system includes: The temperature acquisition unit is used to collect temperature data from multiple temperature measurement points in the electrolytic cell and cathode steel rod. The current acquisition unit is used to acquire real-time current data of the cathode steel rod. A wireless transmission unit is used to transmit the temperature data and the current data to a data processing unit. The data processing unit is used to construct an electrolytic cell thermal field matrix based on the temperature data, obtain the temperature peak region and thermal field distribution based on the electrolytic cell thermal field matrix, extract the hot spot center coordinates, obtain the hot spot migration trajectory based on the hot spot center coordinates, and calculate the hot spot migration direction and hot spot migration rate based on the hot spot migration trajectory. And for calculating the current deflection coefficient of the cathode steel rod based on the current data, obtaining the coefficient change sequence and current distribution based on the current deflection coefficient, and identifying local current anomaly concentration areas based on the coefficient change sequence; And to perform correlation analysis between the local current anomaly concentration area and the hot spot migration trajectory to obtain the thermoelectric coupling anomaly area, and generate a furnace leakage risk warning signal when the thermoelectric coupling anomaly area continues to meet the preset conditions; The monitoring platform is used to display the thermal field distribution, the current distribution, the hot spot migration trajectory, and the furnace leakage risk warning signal.

[0006] Considering that electrolytic cell leaks do not occur suddenly, but rather evolve through a process of abnormal current redistribution, localized thermal anomaly formation, hot spot migration and expansion, furnace lining failure, and finally, leaks, this system simultaneously collects temperature and current data to achieve coordinated monitoring of the temperature and current fields. When furnace lining deterioration or cathode structural anomalies occur in a localized area within the electrolytic cell, the conductivity of the corresponding area changes, causing a redistribution of the cathode steel rod current. This manifests as a continuous increase in the current deviation coefficient of some steel rods. Analysis of the current deviation coefficient can identify the abnormal current redistribution phenomenon before the leak occurs, improving the early warning time. As the current anomaly concentrates, localized Joule heating increases, the thermal field distribution of the electrolytic cell changes, forming a temperature peak region and gradually developing into hot spots. Through continuous-time thermal field matrix analysis, the coordinates of the hot spot center are extracted, and the hot spot migration trajectory is constructed to obtain the hot spot migration direction and rate, thereby characterizing the development trend of the thermal anomaly. By constructing the thermal field matrix and hot spot migration trajectory, the development process of the thermal anomaly can be dynamically reflected. By using a thermoelectric coupling anomaly identification mechanism, the correlation analysis between the local current anomaly concentration area and the hot spot migration trajectory is further carried out to improve the accuracy of furnace leakage identification. When the two show consistency in spatial location and temporal evolution, it is determined that a thermoelectric coupling anomaly area has been formed. The risk area can be detected before the hot spot spreads to the cell shell, realizing early warning of furnace leakage accidents; reducing false alarms and false alarms, and improving the safety of electrolytic cell operation and production continuity.

[0007] Furthermore, the temperature measurement and acquisition unit includes several thermocouple temperature measurement modules, a temperature acquisition chip, and a microprocessor; The thermocouple temperature measurement module is installed on the side wall, bottom, and cathode steel rod of the electrolytic cell. The temperature acquisition chip is used to convert the thermocouple output signal into temperature data. The microprocessor is used to filter the temperature data and transmit it to the wireless transmission unit.

[0008] By arranging thermocouple temperature measurement modules on the sidewalls, bottom, and cathode steel rods of the electrolytic cell, a temperature acquisition network covering the key areas of the electrolytic cell is formed, improving the accuracy and spatial coverage of temperature data acquisition and providing a reliable data foundation for thermal field reconstruction.

[0009] Furthermore, the current acquisition unit includes several Hall current sensors, each corresponding to a cathode steel rod, used to acquire the current data of each cathode steel rod and send it to the data processing unit.

[0010] By using Hall current sensors to collect the current of each cathode steel rod, independent current monitoring of the cathode steel rod is achieved, providing basic data support for current deviation analysis and current anomaly identification.

[0011] Furthermore, the formula for calculating the current deflection coefficient is as follows: ; in, Indicates the first The current deflection coefficient corresponding to the cathode steel rod. Indicates the first Real-time current value of the cathode steel rod. This represents the average real-time current of all cathode steel bars. This indicates the number of the cathode steel rod, when the... Current deflection coefficient of the cathode steel rod When the current deviation is greater than the first preset threshold for N consecutive sampling periods, it is determined that there is an abnormal current deviation in the area corresponding to the cathode steel rod, and it is identified as a local current abnormality concentration area, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

[0012] The current of each cathode steel rod is normalized by using the real-time average current of all cathode steel rods, and a current deviation coefficient is constructed. This makes the determination of local current anomalies mainly depend on the relative current distribution between each cathode steel rod, rather than the overall current change of the electrolytic cell. This reduces the interference of overall load fluctuations on the anomaly identification results and improves the reliability of local current anomaly identification.

[0013] Furthermore, the data processing unit is used to construct the electrolytic cell thermal field matrix based on the temperature data and spatial coordinates of each temperature measurement point; A spatial reconstruction algorithm is used to interpolate the thermal field matrix of the electrolytic cell to generate a continuous thermal field distribution model. Based on the continuous thermal field distribution model, the temperature peak region and the thermal field distribution of the electrolytic cell are obtained. The spatial reconstruction algorithm includes one or more of the following: inverse distance weighted interpolation algorithm, kriging interpolation algorithm, and radial basis function interpolation algorithm.

[0014] By constructing a continuous thermal field distribution model through a spatial reconstruction algorithm, the limitations of discrete temperature measurement points are overcome, enabling visualization of the overall temperature field of the electrolytic cell and improving the ability to identify hot spots.

[0015] Furthermore, the data processing unit is used to take the geometric center coordinates of the temperature peak region as the hot spot center coordinates, and form a hot spot migration trajectory based on the hot spot center coordinates at consecutive times. Construct a hotspot migration vector based on the positional change between the coordinates of the hotspot center at any two adjacent time points; The hotspot migration direction is obtained based on the hotspot migration vector; The hotspot migration rate is calculated based on the change in the coordinates of the hotspot center per unit time. When the hot spot migration direction continues to point towards the tank shell area and the hot spot migration rate continues to increase, it is determined that the heat is abnormally spreading towards the tank shell.

[0016] By analyzing the hotspot center coordinates, hotspot migration vectors, and hotspot migration rates, dynamic tracking of the thermal anomaly expansion trend can be achieved, enabling the identification of the heat diffusion process into the furnace shell and improving the ability to predict furnace leakage.

[0017] Furthermore, the thermoelectric coupling anomalous region satisfies the following conditions: The current deviation coefficient in the local current anomaly concentrated area exceeds the second preset threshold for multiple consecutive sampling cycles. The hotspot migration rate in areas of localized current anomaly concentration continues to increase; The temperature rise rate in the area of ​​localized abnormal current concentration exceeds the third preset threshold for multiple consecutive sampling cycles. When the above conditions are met simultaneously, the data processing unit determines the local current anomaly concentration area as a thermoelectric coupling anomaly area.

[0018] By simultaneously introducing the current deflection coefficient, hot spot migration rate, and temperature rise rate, the identification of thermoelectric coupling abnormal areas is achieved, thereby improving the reliability and accuracy of anomaly determination.

[0019] Furthermore, the data processing unit generates a furnace leakage risk warning signal based on the following decision rules: When the data processing unit identifies a region with concentrated local current anomalies, it generates a Level 1 warning. A level 2 warning is generated when the hot spot migration direction in the abnormal thermoelectric coupling region continues to point towards the tank shell region. A Level 3 warning is generated when the hot spot migration rate in the abnormal thermoelectric coupling region exceeds the fourth preset threshold and the temperature rise rate continues to increase. When all three levels of early warning (Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3) are met simultaneously, it is determined that there is a risk of furnace leakage in the area of ​​abnormal thermoelectric coupling.

[0020] By establishing a three-level furnace leakage risk early warning mechanism, the risk of furnace leakage can be identified in stages and warned at each level, thereby improving the ability of on-site operators to grasp the development of risks and their response efficiency.

[0021] Furthermore, the monitoring platform generates corresponding audible and visual alarm information, mobile terminal alarm information, and remote monitoring alarm information based on the furnace leakage risk level; and records the corresponding temperature data, current data, hotspot migration trajectory, and alarm time information.

[0022] By combining audible and visual alarms, mobile terminal alarms, and remote monitoring alarms, multi-level and multi-terminal early warning notifications can be achieved, improving the timeliness of handling furnace leakage risks.

[0023] Furthermore, the wireless transmission unit adopts a LoRa wireless communication network; The temperature acquisition unit is powered by a lithium battery. The temperature measurement and acquisition unit also includes a display module and a parameter configuration module. The display module is used to display the electrolytic cell number, the temperature measurement channel number, and real-time temperature information. The parameter configuration module is used to set the temperature measurement channel parameters, sampling period parameters, and early warning threshold parameters.

[0024] The LoRa wireless communication network enables long-distance, low-power communication between the temperature measurement terminal and the data processing unit. Combined with a lithium battery power supply structure, this improves the system's deployment flexibility and field adaptability.

[0025] One or more technical solutions provided by this invention have at least the following technical effects or advantages: This system simultaneously collects temperature and current data, enabling coordinated monitoring of the temperature and current fields. It identifies abnormal current redistribution phenomena before furnace leakage occurs through current deviation coefficient analysis, improving early warning time. Through continuous-time thermal field matrix analysis, it extracts the coordinates of hotspot centers and constructs hotspot migration trajectories, obtaining the migration direction and rate to characterize the development trend of thermal anomalies. The system dynamically reflects the development process of thermal anomalies by constructing the thermal field matrix and hotspot migration trajectories. Furthermore, through a thermoelectric coupling anomaly identification mechanism, it correlates local current anomaly concentration areas with hotspot migration trajectories, improving the accuracy of furnace leakage identification. When the two show consistency in spatial location and temporal evolution, a thermoelectric coupling anomaly region is determined to have formed. This allows for the detection of risk areas before the hotspot spreads to the cell shell, achieving early warning of furnace leakage accidents; reducing false alarms and missed alarms, and improving the operational safety and production continuity of the electrolytic cell. Attached Figure Description

[0026] The accompanying drawings, which are provided to further illustrate embodiments of the invention and constitute a part of this invention, are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the process for an online temperature detection and monitoring system for an electrolytic cell and steel bars according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To better understand the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that, where there is no conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features thereof can be combined with each other.

[0028] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, the invention may also be practiced in other ways different from those described herein, and therefore the scope of protection of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0029] Example 1 refer to Figure 1 This embodiment provides an online temperature detection and monitoring system for the electrolytic cell body and steel bars, the system comprising: The temperature acquisition unit is used to collect temperature data from multiple temperature measurement points in the electrolytic cell and cathode steel rod. The temperature measurement and acquisition unit includes several thermocouple temperature measurement modules, a temperature acquisition chip, and a microprocessor. The thermocouple temperature measurement module is installed on the side wall, bottom, and cathode steel rod of the electrolytic cell; and multiple temperature measurement points are arranged in the side wall area, bottom area, and cathode steel rod area. Each thermocouple temperature measurement module transmits the thermocouple output signal to the temperature acquisition chip.

[0030] The temperature acquisition chip is used to convert the thermocouple output signal into temperature data. The microprocessor is used to filter the temperature data, encapsulate the data according to a preset sampling period (e.g., 30s), and then transmit it to the wireless transmission unit.

[0031] The current acquisition unit is used to acquire real-time current data of the cathode steel rod. The current acquisition unit includes several Hall current sensors, each corresponding to a cathode steel rod, used to acquire the current data of each cathode steel rod and send it to the data processing unit.

[0032] A wireless transmission unit is used to transmit the temperature data and the current data to a data processing unit. The wireless transmission unit uses a LoRa wireless communication network. The temperature acquisition unit is powered by a lithium battery. The temperature measurement and acquisition unit also includes a display module and a parameter configuration module. The display module is used to display the electrolytic cell number, the temperature measurement channel number, and real-time temperature information. The parameter configuration module is used to set the temperature measurement channel parameters, sampling period parameters, and early warning threshold parameters.

[0033] The data processing unit is used to construct an electrolytic cell thermal field matrix based on the temperature data, obtain the temperature peak region and thermal field distribution based on the electrolytic cell thermal field matrix, and extract the coordinates of the hot spot center. The data processing unit is used to construct the electrolytic cell thermal field matrix based on the temperature data and spatial coordinates of each temperature measuring point, that is, to form an m×n matrix according to the two-dimensional coordinates of the temperature measuring points. Since the temperature measurement points are discretely distributed, this embodiment uses a spatial reconstruction algorithm to interpolate the electrolytic cell's thermal field matrix to generate a continuous thermal field distribution model. Based on the continuous thermal field distribution model, the temperature peak region and the thermal field distribution of the electrolytic cell are obtained. That is, the temperature value at any position of the electrolytic cell is obtained through interpolation calculation, and a continuous thermal field distribution cloud map is generated. In this embodiment, the region where the temperature value is located in the top 5% of all temperature data is determined as the temperature peak region.

[0034] The spatial reconstruction algorithm includes one or more of the following: inverse distance weighted interpolation algorithm, kriging interpolation algorithm, and radial basis function interpolation algorithm.

[0035] The hotspot migration trajectory is obtained based on the hotspot center coordinates, and the hotspot migration direction and hotspot migration rate are calculated based on the hotspot migration trajectory. The data processing unit is used to take the geometric center coordinates of the temperature peak region as the hot spot center coordinates and form a hot spot migration trajectory based on the hot spot center coordinates at consecutive times. Construct a hotspot migration vector based on the positional change between the coordinates of the hotspot center at any two adjacent time points; The hotspot migration direction is obtained based on the hotspot migration vector; The hotspot migration rate is calculated based on the change in the coordinates of the hotspot center per unit time. If the time is set The corresponding coordinates of the hotspot center are: ,time The corresponding coordinates of the hotspot center are: Then the hotspot migration vector is represented as: The hotspot migration rate is expressed as: ,in This represents the time interval between two adjacent sampling times.

[0036] When the hotspot migration direction continuously points towards the tank shell area and the hotspot migration rate continuously increases, it is determined that the heat is abnormally diffused towards the tank shell. In this embodiment, a geometric coordinate system of the tank can be established, and the angle between the hotspot migration vector and the normal direction of the tank shell can be calculated. When the angle is less than a first angle threshold, it is considered that the hotspot migration direction is pointing towards the tank shell.

[0037] And a current deflection coefficient for calculating the cathode steel rod based on the current data; wherein, the formula for obtaining the current deflection coefficient is: ; in, Indicates the first The current deflection coefficient corresponding to the cathode steel rod. Indicates the first Real-time current value of the cathode steel rod. This represents the average real-time current of all cathode steel bars. This indicates the number of the cathode steel rod, when the... Current deflection coefficient of the cathode steel rod When the current deviation is greater than the first preset threshold for N consecutive sampling periods, it is determined that there is an abnormal current deviation in the area corresponding to the cathode steel rod, and it is identified as a local current abnormality concentration area, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

[0038] Based on the current deflection coefficient, a coefficient change sequence and current distribution are obtained, and based on the coefficient change sequence, a local current anomaly concentration area is identified. And for the same time window, to perform correlation analysis on the local current anomaly concentration area and the hot spot migration trajectory. When the hot spot migration trajectory passes through the local current anomaly concentration area and the distance from the hot spot center to the geometric center of the area is calculated, if the distance is less than a preset threshold, it is considered that there is a spatial correlation between the two, and the thermoelectric coupling anomaly area is obtained. The thermoelectric coupling anomaly region satisfies the following conditions: The current deviation coefficient in the local current anomaly concentrated area exceeds the second preset threshold for multiple consecutive sampling cycles. The hot spot migration rate in the region of local current anomaly concentration continues to increase; for example, the hot spot migration rate continues to increase over multiple consecutive time periods.

[0039] The temperature rise rate in the region of localized current anomaly concentration exceeds a third preset threshold for multiple consecutive sampling cycles; in this embodiment, the temperature rise rate can be expressed as: ,in, and Representing time respectively and Temperature value.

[0040] When the above conditions are met simultaneously, the data processing unit determines the local current anomaly concentration area as a thermoelectric coupling anomaly area.

[0041] When the thermoelectric coupling abnormal region continues to meet the preset conditions, a furnace leakage risk warning signal is generated; The data processing unit generates a furnace leakage risk warning signal based on the following decision rules: When the data processing unit identifies a region with concentrated local current anomalies, it generates a Level 1 warning. A level 2 warning is generated when the hot spot migration direction in the abnormal thermoelectric coupling region continues to point towards the tank shell region. A Level 3 warning is generated when the hot spot migration rate in the abnormal thermoelectric coupling region exceeds the fourth preset threshold and the temperature rise rate continues to increase. When all three levels of early warning (Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3) are met simultaneously, it is determined that there is a risk of furnace leakage in the area of ​​abnormal thermoelectric coupling.

[0042] The monitoring platform is used to display the thermal field distribution, the current distribution, the hot spot migration trajectory, and the furnace leakage risk warning signal.

[0043] The monitoring platform generates corresponding audible and visual alarm information, mobile terminal alarm information, and remote monitoring alarm information based on the furnace leakage risk level; and records the corresponding temperature data, current data, hotspot migration trajectory, and alarm time information.

[0044] Example 2 Based on Embodiment 1, in this embodiment, as a further optimization of the spatial reconstruction algorithm, considering that the electrolytic cell body comprises, from the inside out, a cathode carbon block layer, a refractory material layer, a thermal insulation material layer, and a steel shell, and that the thermal conductivity of different media varies significantly, the data processing unit employs an anisotropic reconstruction model based on the thermal conductivity characteristics of the medium when interpolating the electrolytic cell thermal field matrix using the spatial reconstruction algorithm. First, based on the physical spatial location of the temperature measurement point, a characteristic value of the thermal conductivity of the medium corresponding to each spatial node is assigned. For example, a three-dimensional (or two-dimensional cross-section) Cartesian coordinate system corresponding to the electrolytic cell is established, and the coordinate system is divided into multiple spatial domains according to the internal structure of the electrolytic cell. For example: cathode carbon block area: coordinate range (x1-x2, y1-y2), refractory brick area: (x2-x3, y2-y3), insulation board area: coordinate range (x3-x4, y3-y4), steel shell area: the edge of the coordinate range. During initialization, the standard thermal conductivity of the materials in the above areas is pre-entered. When the algorithm generates spatial reconstruction nodes, it obtains the three-dimensional coordinates of the node, determines which area it falls into, and then automatically assigns it a value.

[0045] A thermal resistance anisotropy weighting matrix is ​​constructed based on the reciprocal integral of the eigenvalues ​​of the thermal conductivity of the medium. Thermal conductivity is inversely proportional to thermal resistance; the higher the thermal conductivity, the lower the resistance to heat transfer.

[0046] Then, a thermal resistance anisotropy weight matrix is ​​introduced into the distance metric function of the inverse distance weighted interpolation algorithm or the Kriging interpolation algorithm. The calculation formula is: ,in For effective heat transfer distance, This is the actual geometric distance. The thermal resistance weight is formed by the inverse integral of the characteristic value of the thermal conductivity of the medium at the current location node. By introducing a continuous thermal field distribution model constructed using a thermal resistance anisotropic weight matrix, pseudo-hot spots caused by heat transfer delays due to material heterogeneity can be filtered out, making the extracted hot spot center coordinates and hot spot migration trajectories closer to the actual physical morphology of molten pool erosion inside the electrolytic cell.

[0047] Although preferred embodiments of the invention have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including both the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the invention.

[0048] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents, this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. An online temperature detection and monitoring system for an electrolytic cell body and steel bars, characterized in that, The system includes: The temperature acquisition unit is used to collect temperature data from multiple temperature measurement points in the electrolytic cell and cathode steel rod. The current acquisition unit is used to acquire real-time current data of the cathode steel rod. A wireless transmission unit is used to transmit the temperature data and the current data to a data processing unit. The data processing unit is used to construct an electrolytic cell thermal field matrix based on the temperature data, obtain the temperature peak region and thermal field distribution based on the electrolytic cell thermal field matrix, extract the hot spot center coordinates, obtain the hot spot migration trajectory based on the hot spot center coordinates, and calculate the hot spot migration direction and hot spot migration rate based on the hot spot migration trajectory. And for calculating the current deflection coefficient of the cathode steel rod based on the current data, obtaining the coefficient change sequence and current distribution based on the current deflection coefficient, and identifying local current anomaly concentration areas based on the coefficient change sequence; And to perform correlation analysis between the local current anomaly concentration area and the hot spot migration trajectory to obtain the thermoelectric coupling anomaly area, and generate a furnace leakage risk warning signal when the thermoelectric coupling anomaly area continues to meet the preset conditions; The monitoring platform is used to display the thermal field distribution, the current distribution, the hot spot migration trajectory, and the furnace leakage risk warning signal.

2. The online temperature detection and monitoring system for the electrolytic cell body and steel bars according to claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature measurement and acquisition unit includes several thermocouple temperature measurement modules, a temperature acquisition chip, and a microprocessor. The thermocouple temperature measurement module is installed on the side wall, bottom, and cathode steel rod of the electrolytic cell. The temperature acquisition chip is used to convert the thermocouple output signal into temperature data. The microprocessor is used to filter the temperature data and transmit it to the wireless transmission unit.

3. The online temperature detection and monitoring system for the electrolytic cell body and steel bars according to claim 1, characterized in that, The current acquisition unit includes several Hall current sensors, each corresponding to a cathode steel rod, used to acquire the current data of each cathode steel rod and send it to the data processing unit.

4. The online temperature detection and monitoring system for the electrolytic cell body and steel bars according to claim 1, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the current deflection coefficient is as follows: ； in, Indicates the first The current deflection coefficient corresponding to the cathode steel rod. Indicates the first Real-time current value of the cathode steel rod. This represents the average real-time current of all cathode steel bars. This indicates the number of the cathode steel rod, when the... Current deflection coefficient of the cathode steel rod When the current deviation is greater than the first preset threshold for N consecutive sampling periods, it is determined that there is an abnormal current deviation in the area corresponding to the cathode steel rod, and it is identified as a local current abnormality concentration area, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

5. The online temperature detection and monitoring system for the electrolytic cell body and steel bars according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data processing unit is used to construct the electrolytic cell thermal field matrix based on the temperature data and spatial coordinates of each temperature measurement point; A spatial reconstruction algorithm is used to interpolate the thermal field matrix of the electrolytic cell to generate a continuous thermal field distribution model. Based on the continuous thermal field distribution model, the temperature peak region and the thermal field distribution of the electrolytic cell are obtained. The spatial reconstruction algorithm includes one or more of the following: inverse distance weighted interpolation algorithm, kriging interpolation algorithm, and radial basis function interpolation algorithm.

6. The online temperature detection and monitoring system for the electrolytic cell body and steel bars according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data processing unit is used to take the geometric center coordinates of the temperature peak region as the hot spot center coordinates, and to form a hot spot migration trajectory based on the hot spot center coordinates at continuous time. Construct a hotspot migration vector based on the positional change between the coordinates of the hotspot center at any two adjacent time points; The hotspot migration direction is obtained based on the hotspot migration vector; The hotspot migration rate is calculated based on the change in the coordinates of the hotspot center per unit time. When the hot spot migration direction continues to point towards the tank shell area and the hot spot migration rate continues to increase, it is determined that the heat is abnormally spreading towards the tank shell.

7. The online temperature detection and monitoring system for the electrolytic cell body and steel bars according to claim 6, characterized in that, The thermoelectric coupling anomaly region satisfies the following conditions: The current deviation coefficient in the local current anomaly concentrated area exceeds the second preset threshold for multiple consecutive sampling cycles. The hotspot migration rate in areas of localized current anomaly concentration continues to increase; The temperature rise rate in the area of ​​localized abnormal current concentration exceeds the third preset threshold for multiple consecutive sampling cycles. When the above conditions are met simultaneously, the data processing unit determines the local current anomaly concentration area as a thermoelectric coupling anomaly area.

8. The online temperature detection and monitoring system for the electrolytic cell body and steel bars according to claim 4, characterized in that, The data processing unit generates a furnace leakage risk warning signal based on the following decision rules: When the data processing unit identifies a region with concentrated local current anomalies, it generates a Level 1 warning. A level 2 warning is generated when the hot spot migration direction in the abnormal thermoelectric coupling region continues to point towards the tank shell region. A Level 3 warning is generated when the hot spot migration rate in the abnormal thermoelectric coupling region exceeds the fourth preset threshold and the temperature rise rate continues to increase. When all three levels of early warning (Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3) are met simultaneously, it is determined that there is a risk of furnace leakage in the area of ​​abnormal thermoelectric coupling.

9. The online temperature detection and monitoring system for the electrolytic cell body and steel bars according to claim 8, characterized in that, The monitoring platform generates corresponding audible and visual alarm information, mobile terminal alarm information, and remote monitoring alarm information based on the furnace leakage risk level; and records the corresponding temperature data, current data, hot spot migration trajectory, and alarm time information.

10. The online temperature detection and monitoring system for the electrolytic cell body and steel bars according to claim 1, characterized in that, The wireless transmission unit uses a LoRa wireless communication network; The temperature acquisition unit is powered by a lithium battery. The temperature measurement and acquisition unit also includes a display module and a parameter configuration module. The display module is used to display the electrolytic cell number, the temperature measurement channel number, and real-time temperature information. The parameter configuration module is used to set the temperature measurement channel parameters, sampling period parameters, and early warning threshold parameters.

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