A method and device for constructing a micro-terrain combined ecological restoration of a red mud reservoir slope

Abstract

The application provides a bauxite residue reservoir slope construction microtopography combined ecological restoration method and a restoration device, and relates to the technical field of bauxite residue reservoir slope restoration. The bauxite residue reservoir slope construction microtopography combined ecological restoration method constructs microtopography combination on the bauxite residue reservoir slope, creates a small plant growth environment, and reduces the alkali environment stress of bauxite residue by using an ecological method. The bauxite residue reservoir slope construction microtopography combined ecological restoration method completes the ecological restoration process by planting salt-tolerant herbaceous and liana plants in the improved microenvironment. The planting of these plants depends on the favorable conditions created in the previous steps, such as improved soil pH, rich nutrients, support of protective climbing nets and water retention of the soil conservation layer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a method for the restoration of red mud reservoir slopes, specifically a method and device for ecological restoration of red mud reservoir slopes by constructing micro-topography combinations, belonging to the field of red mud reservoir slope restoration technology. Background Technology

[0002] The long-term open-air storage of red mud has caused serious damage to the groundwater, surface water, soil vegetation, and the ecological environment of the storage site, as well as various heavy metal pollutants and alkalis.

[0003] However, due to the high salinity, easy compaction, and lack of nutrients of red mud, coupled with the fact that some red mud reservoir slopes are over 70 meters high, the ecological restoration of red mud reservoir slopes is extremely difficult.

[0004] 1. Red mud has a high calcium oxide content (including 2CaO·SiO2, 3CaO·SiO2, etc.), which can solidify in water. Therefore, it has the characteristics of large pore volume and low natural density, and is a cohesive suspended structure. As the "age" of red mud filtration increases and the thickness increases, the degree of solidification increases. At the same time, in order to accelerate the solidification of red mud, it is layered according to the maximum dry density and optimum moisture content during stacking, with a layer thickness of 30-50cm and a compaction degree of more than 85%. At this hardness, plants cannot grow.

[0005] 2. Red mud is highly alkaline (pH value is as high as 12 or above), has a high salt content, is prone to crusting, has poor water retention, and lacks the basic elements N, P, K and organic matter necessary for plant growth, making it difficult for most plants to grow.

[0006] 3. The slope ratio of the red mud reservoir is 1:1.5 or 1:1.2, which is relatively steep. Especially in the north, rainfall is concentrated in summer. The revegetation technology system is not perfect. It will be washed away by heavy rain. The substrate is washed away and stripped, resulting in a very low vegetation retention rate.

[0007] Faced with highly alkaline red mud, the general technical approach involves physical isolation (such as spraying a water-sealing layer, laying an isolation layer, or laying geotextile) followed by hydroseeding with a net. On one hand, the hydroseeding substrate layer is completely isolated from the dam body, and the herbaceous roots have no contact with the red mud environment of the dam. This creates a completely new substrate environment for herbaceous growth, preventing the improvement of the physical structure and properties of the red mud through vegetation growth, and also failing to form a stable vegetation community adapted to the red mud environment of the dam. On the other hand, especially in northern climates and rainfall conditions, the soil culture medium for hydroseeding is not very stable and cannot effectively resist erosion from heavy rainfall and other natural damage, thus failing to effectively conserve water and soil. After heavy rain, the substrate is washed away, resulting in a low herbaceous survival rate. Summary of the Invention

[0008] (a) Technical problems to be solved

[0009] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a micro-topography combined ecological restoration method and restoration device for slope construction of red mud reservoir to solve the above problems, so as to solve the problems in the prior art that the physical structure and properties of red mud cannot be improved through the growth of vegetation, a stable vegetation community adapted to the red mud environment of the dam body cannot be formed, under the climate and rainfall conditions in northern China, the stability of the soil culture medium of the spray-seeding technology is not strong, it cannot effectively resist the erosion of heavy rainfall and other natural damages, cannot effectively conserve water and soil, the substrate is stripped after heavy rain scouring, and the herb preservation rate is low.

[0010] (II) Technical Solution

[0011] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention is realized through the following technical solution: A micro-topography combined ecological restoration method for slope construction of a red mud reservoir, which specifically comprises the following steps:

[0012] Step 1: Construct a micro-topography combination on the slope of the red mud reservoir to create a micro-environment for plant growth, and adopt ecological methods to reduce the alkali environmental stress of red mud;

[0013] The micro-topography combination consists of small leaching platforms, leaching troughs and a plurality of leaching hole channels; the leaching channels are formed by combining the longitudinally distributed leaching hole channels at the bottom of the leaching trough and the transversely distributed water discharge hole channels, the longitudinally distributed leaching hole channels and the transversely distributed water discharge hole channels are connected and communicated, in one-to-one correspondence, form a certain included angle, and have the same quantity, the position of the drilled hole of the transverse water discharge hole on the slope surface is flush with the bottom height of the leaching trough; the diameter of the longitudinally distributed leaching hole channels at the bottom of the leaching trough is 1cm, the depth is 20-25cm, the longitudinal leaching hole channels are evenly distributed at an interval of 10cm along the transverse center line of the bottom plane of the leaching trough, the transversely distributed water discharge hole channels are formed by drilling inward from the slope surface of the dam body, with a diameter of 1cm, drilled to communicate with the longitudinal leaching hole channels, the connection point of the transverse and longitudinal channels is 5cm away from the bottom of the longitudinal channel, that is, the bottom of the transversely distributed water discharge hole channels is distributed 15-20cm from the bottom of the leaching trough;

[0014] The small leaching platform is high outside and low inside, with a length of 3-5m and a width of 17cm, distributed on the slope surface of the red mud reservoir in a "pin-shaped" pattern;

[0015] The leaching trough is distributed on the inner side of the small leaching platform;

[0016] The leaching trough is dug or excavated downward along the inner side of the small platform, with a depth of 18cm and a width of 12cm;

[0017] At the bottom of the leaching trough, drill vertically downward to form leaching hole channels, with a diameter of 1cm and a depth of 20-25cm. The leaching hole channels are evenly distributed at an interval of 10cm along the transverse center line of the bottom plane of the leaching trough;

[0018] Step 2: Install the protective climbing net on the planted slope. The protective climbing net is fixed with rivets;

[0019] Step 3: Accelerate the "de-alkali" treatment of the slope and micro-topography surface through "acid washing";

[0020] The prepared acidic amendment solution was repeatedly sprayed and washed on the surface of the red mud dam slope and the micro-topography combination.

[0021] Acidic modifiers include one or more of the following: diluted sulfuric acid, peat moss, oxalic acid, ferrous sulfate, phosphogypsum, and sulfur powder.

[0022] Step 4: Prepare acidic slow-release ecological blocks;

[0023] The specifications of the acidic slow-release ecological block are: a cuboid of 300*100*100mm (length*width*height);

[0024] A planting trough is reserved in the center of the acidic slow-release ecological block, with the dimensions of the planting trough being 200*50*50mm (length*width*height);

[0025] Materials and proportions of acidic slow-release ecoblocks: 8-15% acidic slow-release agent, 15-20% bentonite soil conditioner, and 65-77% organic fiber (one or more of the following: crushed and harmlessly treated straw, rice husks, sawdust, leaves, grass clippings, etc.).

[0026] The acidic slow-release agent is a mixture of oxalic acid, ferrous sulfate and phosphogypsum, wherein ferrous sulfate accounts for 60-80%, oxalic acid for 10-20% and phosphogypsum for 10-20%.

[0027] The acidic slow-release ecological block is mechanically pressed into shape in one step;

[0028] Step 5: Plant salt-tolerant herbaceous and vine seeds in the acidic slow-release ecological block planting trough and carry out planting and maintenance;

[0029] For herbaceous plants, choose perennial herbs with strong alkali tolerance, such as Giant Energy No. 2 alfalfa, alkali grass, and crested wheatgrass; for vines, choose Virginia creeper, Virginia creeper, and chicken dung vine.

[0030] The established acid-release ecological block herbaceous and vine seedlings were planted together in the rinsing tank;

[0031] A 2cm thick isolation layer is formed by laying a mixture of vermiculite and granular organic matter extrusion at the bottom of the rinsing tank;

[0032] Before transplanting, slowly water the herbaceous and vine seedlings of the acid slow-release ecological block until they are completely wet. When transplanting, plant them together in the rinsing trough, cover the surrounding area with nutrient soil and compact it. After transplanting, cover the upper side of the acid slow-release ecological block and the area around the seedlings with straw long fiber crushed material containing acid slow-release material to form a moisture-retaining layer with a thickness of 2cm.

[0033] Preferably, step one lays the foundation for subsequent planting and ecological restoration. By constructing a leaching platform, leaching trough, and leaching hole channels, the physical structure of the red mud reservoir slope is altered, creating a microenvironment conducive to plant growth. It also provides the necessary support structure for subsequent acid leaching for dealkalization and plant establishment. Through the interconnected micro-topography of the leaching platform, leaching trough, and longitudinally and laterally connected leaching hole channels and drainage channels, the stress of alkali on plant growth is reduced, creating a suitable "slightly alkaline" environment for plant growth. This process is repeated year after year. Multiple natural rainfalls and maintenance waterings initially trap alkali through the rinsing platform. Then, some water is further trapped in the rinsing tank, prioritizing the rinsing and dealkalization of the substrate and bottom within the tank. Water then seeps down through longitudinal rinsing holes, expanding the depth and scope of alkali removal. Excess alkali water is discharged through transversely distributed drainage holes. With repeated seepage, rinsing, and discharge of water, the "alkali follows the water" process continuously removes alkali from the area, gradually forming a "lightly alkaline" zone suitable for the growth of herbaceous and climbing plants in areas rich in vegetation roots.

[0034] Preferably, step two serves as a bridge connecting the micro-topography construction and subsequent planting. It not only provides slope protection against erosion under natural conditions such as rainfall, but also provides a supporting structure for the growth of climbing plants.

[0035] Preferably, step three is closely related to micro-topography construction because the use of acidic amendments is based on the previously constructed micro-topography. Through "acid washing," the soil environment of the planting troughs in the micro-topography combination can be further optimized, soil quality can be improved, and more suitable conditions can be created for plant growth.

[0036] Preferably, step four combines the needs of soil chemical improvement and plant growth by integrating acid slow-release agents, soil conditioners and organic fibers together to form ecological blocks. These ecological blocks are implanted into the previously constructed micro-topography, providing a good soil environment and nutrient source for the growth of salt-tolerant plants.

[0037] Preferably, step five connects all the aforementioned preparatory work by planting salt-tolerant herbaceous and vine plants in the improved microenvironment to complete the ecological restoration process. The planting of these plants depends on the favorable conditions created in the previous steps, such as improved soil pH, abundant nutrients, support from protective climbing nets, and moisture retention by the soil moisture-conserving layer.

[0038] A micro-topography combined ecological restoration device for red mud reservoir slope construction includes a base, a fixed plate fixedly connected to the top of the base, a support base fixedly connected to the top of the fixed plate, a sleeve fixedly connected to the inside of the support base, a rotating cylinder rotatably connected to the inside of the sleeve, grooves on both sides of the inside of the rotating cylinder, a threaded rod inside the rotating cylinder, sliders fixedly connected to both sides of the top of the threaded rod, two sliders slidably connected to the two grooves respectively, a threaded sleeve fixedly connected to the inside of the base, the sliders passing through the threaded sleeve and threadedly connected to the threaded sleeve, a rotating rod fixedly connected to the bottom of the threaded rod, a motor fixedly connected to the top of the sleeve, and the output end of the motor fixedly connected to the top of the rotating cylinder.

[0039] Preferably, a limiting plate is provided at the bottom of the base, the rotating rod passes through the limiting plate and is rotatably connected to the limiting plate, multiple rotating shafts are rotatably connected to the bottom of the limiting plate, a second sprocket is fixedly connected to the outer side of each of the multiple rotating shafts, a first sprocket is fixedly connected to the outer side of the rotating rod, a chain is meshed between the first sprocket and the outer side of the multiple rotating shafts, and a drill rod is fixedly connected to the bottom end of each of the multiple rotating shafts and the rotating rod.

[0040] Preferably, a horizontal plate is fixedly connected to the bottom of the base, and multiple through holes are opened inside the horizontal plate. A cleaning sleeve is fixedly connected inside each of the multiple through holes, and multiple drill rods pass through the multiple cleaning sleeves and are slidably connected to the multiple cleaning sleeves.

[0041] Preferably, the top of the limiting plate is fixedly connected with multiple guide rods, each of which passes through the base and is slidably connected to the base. Two wheels are rotatably connected to both sides of the base, and a handle is hinged to the rear of the base.

[0042] This invention provides a method and device for ecological restoration of red mud reservoir slopes by constructing micro-topography combinations, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0043] This paper describes a micro-topographical ecological restoration method and device for red mud reservoir slopes. The method involves constructing a micro-topographical combination on the red mud reservoir slope to create a microenvironment conducive to plant growth and reduce the stress of the alkaline environment caused by the red mud using ecological methods. The micro-topographical combination consists of a leaching platform, a leaching trough, and multiple leaching and drainage channels. Step one provides the foundation for subsequent planting and ecological restoration. By constructing the leaching platform, leaching trough, and leaching channel, the physical structure of the red mud reservoir slope is altered, creating a microenvironment favorable for plant growth and providing necessary support for subsequent acid leaching for dealkalization and plant establishment. This is achieved through the leaching platform, leaching trough, and longitudinally and laterally connected leaching and drainage channels. Interconnected micro-topographical combinations reduce the stress of alkali on plant growth, creating a "slightly alkaline" environment suitable for plant growth. Repeated natural rainfall and maintenance watering year after year intercept alkali through the leaching platform. Then, some water is intercepted again in the leaching tank, prioritizing the leaching and dealkali removal of the substrate and bottom inside the tank. Water then seeps down through longitudinal leaching holes, expanding the depth and range of alkali removal. Excess alkaline water is discharged through horizontally distributed drainage holes. With repeated seepage, leaching, and discharge of water, the "alkali moves with the water" principle continuously leaches alkali in the area, gradually forming a "slightly alkaline" zone suitable for the growth of herbaceous and climbing plants in the area rich in plant roots.

[0044] This red mud reservoir slope restoration method and device utilizes a micro-topography combination to bridge the gap between micro-topography construction and subsequent vegetation planting. It not only provides slope protection against erosion under natural conditions such as rainfall, but also offers a supporting structure for climbing plants.

[0045] The ecological restoration method and device for constructing micro-topography combinations on the red mud reservoir slope is described. Step three is closely related to micro-topography construction because the use of acidic amendments is based on the previously constructed micro-topography. Through "acid washing," the soil environment of the planting troughs in the micro-topography combination can be further optimized, soil quality can be improved, and more suitable conditions can be created for plant growth.

[0046] Step four combines soil chemical improvement with the needs of plant growth, integrating acid-releasing agents, soil conditioners, and organic fibers to form ecoblocks. These ecoblocks are then implanted into the previously constructed micro-topography, providing a favorable soil environment and nutrient source for the growth of salt-tolerant plants.

[0047] Step five connects all the aforementioned preparatory work by planting salt-tolerant herbaceous and vine plants in the improved microenvironment to complete the ecological restoration process. The planting of these plants relies on the favorable conditions created in previous steps, such as improved soil pH, abundant nutrients, support from protective climbing nets, and moisture retention by the soil moisture-conserving layer. While the steps in the plan are listed individually, they are interdependent and technically linked throughout the entire ecological restoration process. Each step lays the foundation for the implementation of the next, forming a comprehensive technical system aimed at solving the challenges of ecological restoration of red mud reservoir slopes. Attached Figure Description

[0048] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the slope revegetation planting profile of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 2 This is a front view schematic diagram of the slope revegetation planting method of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the slope revegetation points according to the present invention;

[0051] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 5 This is a side view schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the bottom structure of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 7 This is a side sectional view of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the sleeve structure of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the rotating cylinder of the present invention.

[0057] In the diagram: 1. Base; 2. Fixing plate; 3. Support seat; 4. Sleeve; 5. Rotating cylinder; 6. Threaded rod; 7. Slide groove; 8. Slider; 9. Threaded sleeve; 10. Limiting plate; 11. Guide rod; 12. Rotating rod; 13. First sprocket; 14. Rotating shaft; 15. Second sprocket; 16. Chain; 17. Drill rod; 18. Horizontal plate; 19. Cleaning sleeve; 20. Motor; 21. Traveling wheel; 22. Handle. Detailed Implementation

[0058] This invention provides a method and device for ecological restoration of red mud reservoir slopes by constructing micro-topography combinations. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 ;

[0059] Specifically, the method includes the following steps:

[0060] Step 1: Construct micro-topography combinations on the slope of the red mud reservoir to create a micro-environment for plant growth, and adopt ecological methods to reduce the stress of the alkaline environment of red mud;

[0061] The micro-topography combination consists of small leaching platforms, leaching troughs and a plurality of leaching hole channels; the leaching channels are formed by combining the longitudinally distributed leaching hole channels at the bottom of the leaching trough and the transversely distributed water drainage hole channels, the longitudinally distributed leaching hole channels are connected and communicated with the transversely distributed water drainage hole channels, in one-to-one correspondence, at a certain included angle, with the same quantity, and the position of the hole drilling part on the slope surface of the transverse water drainage hole is flush with the height of the bottom of the leaching trough; the diameter of the longitudinally distributed leaching hole channels at the bottom of the leaching trough is 1 cm, the depth is 20-25 cm, the longitudinal leaching hole channels are evenly distributed along the transverse midline of the bottom plane of the leaching trough at an interval of 10 cm, the transversely distributed water drainage hole channels are formed by drilling holes inward from the slope surface of the dam body, with a diameter of 1 cm, and are drilled to communicate with the longitudinal leaching hole channels, the connection point of the longitudinal and transverse channels is 5 cm away from the bottom of the longitudinal channel, that is, the bottom of the transversely distributed water drainage hole channels is distributed 15-20 cm below the bottom of the leaching trough;

[0062] The small leaching platform is higher on the outer side and lower on the inner side, with a length of 3-5 m and a width of 17 cm, and is distributed on the surface of the slope of the red mud reservoir in a shape like the Chinese character "pin";

[0063] The leaching troughs are distributed on the inner side of the small leaching platform;

[0064] The leaching trough is dug or excavated downward along the inner side of the small platform, with a depth of 18 cm and a width of 12 cm;

[0065] At the bottom of the leaching trough, holes are drilled vertically downward to form leaching hole channels, with a diameter of 1 cm and a depth of 20-25 cm. The leaching hole channels are evenly distributed along the transverse midline of the bottom plane of the leaching trough at an interval of 10 cm;

[0066] Step one laid the foundation for subsequent planting and ecological restoration. By constructing leaching platforms, leaching troughs, and leaching hole channels, the physical structure of the red mud reservoir slope was altered, creating a microenvironment conducive to plant growth. It also provided the necessary support structure for subsequent acid leaching for dealkalization and plant establishment. The interconnected micro-topography of the leaching platform, leaching troughs, and longitudinally and laterally connected leaching hole channels and drainage channels reduced the stress of alkali on plant growth, creating a suitable "slightly alkaline" environment for plant growth. This process was repeated year after year. Natural rainfall and maintenance watering are initially intercepted by the rinsing platform to remove alkali. Then, some water is intercepted again in the rinsing tank to prioritize the rinsing and dealkali removal of the substrate and bottom inside the tank. Water then seeps down through the longitudinal rinsing holes to expand the depth and range of alkali removal. Excess alkali water is discharged through the horizontally distributed drainage holes. With repeated seepage, rinsing, and discharge of water, the "alkali moves with the water" process continuously removes alkali from the area, gradually forming a "lightly alkaline" zone suitable for the growth of herbaceous and climbing plants in the area rich in plant roots.

[0067] Step Two: Install protective climbing netting on the planted slope. The protective climbing netting is fixed with rivets;

[0068] Step two serves as a bridge connecting micro-topography construction and subsequent planting. It not only provides slope protection against erosion under natural conditions such as rainfall, but also provides a supporting structure for climbing plants to grow.

[0069] Step 3: Accelerate the "de-alkali" treatment of the slope and micro-topography surface through "acid washing";

[0070] The prepared acidic amendment solution was repeatedly sprayed and washed on the surface of the red mud dam slope and the micro-topography combination.

[0071] Acidic modifiers include one or more of the following: diluted sulfuric acid, peat moss, oxalic acid, ferrous sulfate, phosphogypsum, and sulfur powder.

[0072] Step three is closely related to micro-topography construction because the use of acidic amendments is based on the previously constructed micro-topography. Through "acid washing," the soil environment of the planting troughs in the micro-topography combination can be further optimized, soil quality can be improved, and more suitable conditions can be created for plant growth.

[0073] Step 4: Prepare acidic slow-release ecological blocks;

[0074] The specifications of the acidic slow-release ecological block are: a cuboid of 300*100*100mm (length*width*height);

[0075] A planting trough is reserved in the center of the acidic slow-release ecological block, with the dimensions of the planting trough being 200*50*50mm (length*width*height);

[0076] Materials and proportions of acidic slow-release ecoblocks: 8-15% acidic slow-release agent, 15-20% bentonite soil conditioner, and 65-77% organic fiber (one or more of the following: crushed and harmlessly treated straw, rice husks, sawdust, leaves, grass clippings, etc.).

[0077] The acidic slow-release agent is a mixture of oxalic acid, ferrous sulfate and phosphogypsum, wherein ferrous sulfate accounts for 60-80%, oxalic acid for 10-20% and phosphogypsum for 10-20%.

[0078] The acidic slow-release ecological block is mechanically pressed into shape in one step;

[0079] Step four combines soil chemical improvement with the needs of plant growth, integrating acid-releasing agents, soil conditioners, and organic fibers to form ecoblocks. These ecoblocks are then implanted into the previously constructed micro-topography, providing a favorable soil environment and nutrient source for the growth of salt-tolerant plants.

[0080] Step 5: Plant salt-tolerant herbaceous and vine seeds in the acidic slow-release ecological block planting trough and carry out planting and maintenance;

[0081] For herbaceous plants, choose perennial herbs with strong alkali tolerance, such as Giant Energy No. 2 alfalfa, alkali grass, and crested wheatgrass; for vines, choose Virginia creeper, Virginia creeper, and chicken dung vine.

[0082] The established acid-release ecological block herbaceous and vine seedlings were planted together in the rinsing tank;

[0083] A 2cm thick isolation layer is formed by laying a mixture of vermiculite and granular organic matter extrusion at the bottom of the rinsing tank;

[0084] Step five connects all the aforementioned preparatory work by planting salt-tolerant herbaceous and vine plants in the improved microenvironment to complete the ecological restoration process. The planting of these plants depends on the favorable conditions created in the previous steps, such as improved soil pH, abundant nutrients, support from protective climbing nets, and moisture retention by the soil moisture-conserving layer.

[0085] Before transplanting, slowly water the herbaceous and vine seedlings of the acid slow-release ecological block until they are completely wet. When transplanting, plant them together in the rinsing trough, cover the surrounding area with nutrient soil and compact it. After transplanting, cover the upper side of the acid slow-release ecological block and the area around the seedlings with straw long fiber crushed material containing acid slow-release material to form a moisture-retaining layer with a thickness of 2cm.

[0086] The steps in the plan are listed individually, but they are interdependent and technically linked throughout the entire ecological restoration process. Each step lays the foundation for the implementation of the next step, forming a comprehensive technical system aimed at solving the challenges of ecological restoration of red mud reservoir slopes.

[0087] Please refer to the following: A micro-topographical ecological restoration device for red mud reservoir slope construction. Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 The system includes a base 1, a fixed plate 2 fixedly connected to the top of the base 1, a support base 3 fixedly connected to the top of the fixed plate 2, a sleeve 4 fixedly connected inside the support base 3, a rotating cylinder 5 rotatably connected inside the sleeve 4, grooves 7 on both sides of the rotating cylinder 5, a threaded rod 6 inside the rotating cylinder 5, sliders 8 fixedly connected to both sides of the top of the threaded rod 6, and two sliders 8 slidably connected to the two grooves 7 respectively. A threaded sleeve 9 is fixedly connected inside the base 1, and sliders 8 pass through the threaded sleeve 9 and are threadedly connected to the threaded sleeve 9. A rotating rod 12 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the threaded rod 6. A motor 20 is fixedly connected to the top of the sleeve 4, and the output end of the motor 20 is fixedly connected to the top of the rotating cylinder 5.

[0088] A limiting plate 10 is provided at the bottom of the base 1. The rotating rod 12 passes through the limiting plate 10 and is rotatably connected to the limiting plate 10. Multiple rotating shafts 14 are rotatably connected to the bottom of the limiting plate 10. A second sprocket 15 is fixedly connected to the outside of each of the multiple rotating shafts 14. A first sprocket 13 is fixedly connected to the outside of the rotating rod 12. A chain 16 is meshed with the outside of the first sprocket 13 and the multiple rotating shafts 14. A drill rod 17 is fixedly connected to the bottom of each of the multiple rotating shafts 14 and the rotating rod 12.

[0089] A horizontal plate 18 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the base 1. Multiple through holes are opened inside the horizontal plate 18. Cleaning sleeves 19 are fixedly connected inside each of the multiple through holes. Multiple drill rods 17 pass through the multiple cleaning sleeves 19 and are slidably connected to the multiple cleaning sleeves 19.

[0090] Multiple guide rods 11 are fixedly connected to the top of the limiting plate 10. All guide rods 11 pass through the base 1 and are slidably connected to it. Two traveling wheels 21 are rotatably connected to both sides of the base 1. A handle 22 is hinged to the rear side of the base 1.

[0091] Specifically, by manually pulling handle 22, the handle 22 moves the base 1 to the slope of the red mud reservoir and above the washing platform. Then, the motor 20 starts, driving the rotating cylinder 5 to rotate. As the rotating cylinder 5 rotates, the slide groove 7 limits the slider 8, thereby driving the slider 8 and the threaded rod 6 to rotate. The threaded rod 6 is threadedly connected to the threaded sleeve 9, which limits the threaded rod 6, causing it to move inside the sleeve. The threaded rod 6 descends during rotation, driving the rotating rod 12 and the first sprocket 13 to rotate. Simultaneously, the rotating rod 12 descends, driving the limiting plate 10 to descend as well. The limiting plate 10 descends, driving multiple rotating shafts 14 to descend as well. When the rotating shaft 14 descends, it drives multiple drill rods 17 to descend as well. When the rotating rod 12 rotates, it drives the first sprocket 13 to rotate, thereby causing the first sprocket 13 to drive multiple rotating shafts 14 to rotate via the chain 16. This causes multiple rotating shafts 14 to drive multiple drill rods 17 to rotate synchronously. As the multiple drill rods 17 descend, they rotate and drill vertically downwards at the bottom of the rinsing tank to form rinsing hole channels. This allows for synchronous drilling of multiple rinsing channels, which is convenient for operation and has high drilling efficiency. When the motor 20 starts in reverse, it drives the threaded rod 6 to rise and rotate, which in turn drives multiple drill rods 17 to rise and rotate. This causes multiple drill rods 17 to rise inside multiple cleaning sleeves 19, allowing the multiple cleaning sleeves 19 to brush off the mud on the outside of the drill rods 17 for easy cleaning.

[0092] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of this invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for ecological restoration of red mud reservoir slopes by constructing micro-topographical combinations, characterized in that, Specifically, the following steps are included: Step 1: Construct micro-topography combinations on the slope of the red mud reservoir to create a micro-environment for plant growth, and adopt ecological methods to reduce the stress of the alkaline environment of red mud; The micro-topography combination consists of small leaching platforms, leaching troughs and a plurality of leaching hole channels; the leaching channels are formed by combining the longitudinally distributed leaching hole channels at the bottom of the leaching trough and the transversely distributed water discharge hole channels, the longitudinally distributed leaching hole channels are connected and communicated with the transversely distributed water discharge hole channels, in one-to-one correspondence, at a certain included angle, with the same quantity, and the position of the drilling hole of the transverse water discharge hole on the slope surface is flush with the height of the bottom of the leaching trough; the longitudinally distributed leaching hole channels at the bottom of the leaching trough have a diameter of 1 cm and a depth of 20-25 cm, the longitudinal leaching hole channels are evenly distributed along the transverse midline of the bottom plane of the leaching trough with an interval of 10 cm; the transversely distributed water discharge hole channels are formed by drilling inward from the slope surface of the dam body, with a diameter of 1 cm, drilled to communicate with the longitudinal leaching hole channels, the connection point of the transverse and longitudinal channels is 5 cm away from the bottom of the longitudinal channel, that is, the bottom of the transversely distributed water discharge hole channels is distributed at 15-20 cm from the bottom of the leaching trough; The small leaching platform is high on the outside and low on the inside, with a length of 3-5 m and a width of 17 cm, and is distributed on the surface of the slope of the red mud reservoir in a shape of the Chinese character "pin"; The leaching trough is distributed on the inner side of the small leaching platform; Dig or excavate the leaching trough downward along the inner side of the small platform, the leaching trough has a depth of 18 cm and a width of 12 cm; At the bottom of the leaching trough, drill vertically downward to form leaching hole channels, with a diameter of 1 cm and a depth of 20-25 cm; the leaching hole channels are evenly distributed along the transverse midline of the bottom plane of the leaching trough with an interval of 10 cm; Step 2: Install the protective climbing net on the slope after planting, and the protective climbing net is fixed with rivets; Step 3: Accelerate the "dealkalization" of the slope surface and the surface layer of the micro-topography through "acid washing"; Repeatedly spray and wash the slope surface of the red mud dam and the surface layer of the micro-topography combination with the prepared acidic improvement solution; The acidic amendment includes one or more of diluted sulfuric acid solution, peat soil, oxalic acid, ferrous sulfate, phosphogypsum, sulfur powder and the like; Step 4: Prepare an acid slow-release ecological block; The specification of the acid slow-release ecological block is a cuboid of 300*100*100 mm (length*width*height); A planting groove is reserved in the center of the acid slow-release ecological block, and the specification of the planting groove is 200*50*50 mm (length*width*height); Materials and proportion of the acid slow-release ecological block: the proportion of the acid slow-release agent is 8-15%, the proportion of the soil amendment bentonite is 15-20%, and the proportion of organic fiber is 65-77% (one or more of straw, rice husk, sawdust, tree leaves, grass clippings and the like after crushing and harmless treatment); The acid slow-release agent is a mixture of oxalic acid, ferrous sulfate and phosphogypsum, wherein the ferrous sulfate accounts for 60-80%, the oxalic acid accounts for 10-20%, and the phosphogypsum accounts for 10-20%; The acid slow-release ecological block is formed by one-time mechanical pressing; Step 5: Plant the saline-alkali tolerant herb seeds and vine seeds in the planting groove of the acid slow-release ecological block, and carry out planting and management; The herbs are selected from perennial herbs with extremely strong alkali resistance, such as Juneng No. 2 alfalfa, Puccinellia distans, Elymus dahuricus and the like, and the vines are selected from Parthenocissus quinquefolia, Parthenocissus tricuspidata, Paederia scandens and the like; The planted acid slow-release ecological blocks with herb and vine seedlings are integrally planted in the leaching trough; A 2cm thick isolation layer is formed by laying a mixture of vermiculite and granular organic matter extrusion at the bottom of the rinsing tank; Before transplanting, slowly water the herbaceous and vine seedlings of the acid slow-release ecological block until they are completely wet. When transplanting, plant them together in the rinsing trough, cover the surrounding area with nutrient soil and compact it. After transplanting, cover the upper side of the acid slow-release ecological block and the area around the seedlings with straw long fiber crushed material containing acid slow-release material to form a moisture-retaining layer with a thickness of 2cm.

2. The method for ecological restoration of red mud reservoir slopes by constructing micro-topography combinations according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step one laid the foundation for subsequent planting and ecological restoration. By constructing leaching platforms, leaching troughs, and longitudinal leaching hole channels, the physical structure of the red mud reservoir slope was altered, creating a microenvironment conducive to plant growth. It also provided the necessary support structure for subsequent acid leaching for dealkalization and plant establishment. Through the interconnected micro-topographical combination of leaching platforms, leaching troughs, and longitudinally and laterally connected leaching hole channels and drainage channels, the stress of alkali on plant growth was reduced, creating a suitable "slightly alkaline" environment for plant growth. This process was repeated year after year. Natural rainfall and maintenance watering initially trap alkali through the rinsing platform. Then, some water is further trapped in the rinsing tank, prioritizing the rinsing and dealkalization of the substrate and bottom. Water then seeps down through longitudinal rinsing holes, expanding the depth and scope of alkali removal. Excess alkali water is discharged through transversely distributed drainage holes. With repeated seepage, rinsing, and discharge of water, the "alkali follows the water" process continuously removes alkali from the area, gradually forming a "lightly alkaline" zone suitable for the growth of herbaceous and climbing plants in areas rich in plant roots.

3. The method for ecological restoration of red mud reservoir slopes by constructing micro-topography combinations according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step two is the bridge connecting micro-topography construction and subsequent planting. It not only provides slope protection to prevent erosion of the slope under natural conditions such as rainfall, but also provides a supporting structure for the growth of climbing plants.

4. The method for ecological restoration of red mud reservoir slopes by constructing micro-topography combinations according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 3 is closely related to micro-topography construction because the use of acidic amendments is based on the previously constructed micro-topography. Through "acid washing," the soil environment of the plant troughs in the micro-topography combination can be further optimized, soil quality can be improved, and more suitable conditions can be created for plant growth.

5. The method for ecological restoration of red mud reservoir slopes by constructing micro-topography combinations according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step four combines the needs of soil chemical improvement and plant growth by integrating acid slow-release agents, soil conditioners, and organic fibers to form ecoblocks. These ecoblocks are then implanted into the previously constructed micro-topography, providing a good soil environment and nutrient source for the growth of salt-tolerant plants.

6. The method for ecological restoration of red mud reservoir slopes by constructing micro-topography combinations according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step five connects all the aforementioned preparatory work by planting salt-tolerant herbaceous and vine plants in the improved microenvironment to complete the ecological restoration process. The planting of these plants depends on the favorable conditions created in the previous steps, such as improved soil pH, abundant nutrients, support from protective climbing nets, and moisture retention of the soil moisture-conserving layer.

7. A red mud reservoir slope construction micro-topography combination ecological restoration device, applicable to any one of the red mud reservoir slope construction micro-topography combination ecological restoration methods as described in claims 1-6, comprising a base (1), characterized in that: The base (1) has a fixed plate (2) fixedly connected to its top end. The fixed plate (2) has a fixed support (3) fixedly connected to its top end. The support (3) has a fixed sleeve (4) fixedly connected to its inside end. The sleeve (4) has a rotating cylinder (5) rotatably connected to its inside end. The rotating cylinder (5) has grooves (7) on both sides inside its inside end. The rotating cylinder (5) has a threaded rod (6) inside its inside end. The threaded rod (6) has sliders (8) fixedly connected to both sides of its top end. The two sliders (8) are slidably connected to the two grooves (7) respectively. The base (1) has a fixed sleeve (9) fixedly connected to its inside end. The sliders (8) pass through the threaded sleeve (9) and are threadedly connected to the threaded sleeve (9). The bottom end of the threaded rod (6) has a rotating rod (12) fixedly connected to its bottom end. The top end of the sleeve (4) has a motor (20) fixedly connected to its top end. The output end of the motor (20) is fixedly connected to the top end of the rotating cylinder (5).

8. The red mud reservoir slope micro-topography combined ecological restoration device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The base (1) is provided with a limiting plate (10) at the bottom. The rotating rod (12) passes through the limiting plate (10) and is rotatably connected to the limiting plate (10). Multiple rotating shafts (14) are rotatably connected to the bottom of the limiting plate (10). A second sprocket (15) is fixedly connected to the outside of each of the multiple rotating shafts (14). A first sprocket (13) is fixedly connected to the outside of the rotating rod (12). A chain (16) is meshed with the outside of the first sprocket (13) and the multiple rotating shafts (14). A drill rod (17) is fixedly connected to the bottom of each of the multiple rotating shafts (14) and the rotating rod (12).

9. The red mud reservoir slope construction micro-topography combined ecological restoration device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The base (1) has a horizontal plate (18) fixedly connected to its bottom. The horizontal plate (18) has multiple through holes, and each of the multiple through holes has a cleaning sleeve (19) fixedly connected to it. The multiple drill rods (17) pass through the multiple cleaning sleeves (19) and are slidably connected to the multiple cleaning sleeves (19).

10. The red mud reservoir slope micro-topography combined ecological restoration device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The top of the limiting plate (10) is fixedly connected to multiple guide rods (11), and the multiple guide rods (11) all pass through the base (1) and are slidably connected to the guide rods (11). Two walking wheels (21) are rotatably connected to both sides of the base (1), and a handle (22) is hinged to the rear side of the base (1).

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