A retracted nozzle

Abstract

The present application provides a kind of inner content nozzle, and the inner content nozzle includes tail nozzle component and center cone component, tail nozzle component and center cone component combination form annular exhaust passage around axis;Tail nozzle flange and tail nozzle body are connected by tail nozzle component including tail nozzle flange, tail nozzle body, center cone component includes center cone flange, center cone body, and center cone flange is connected with center cone body;Tail nozzle flange and center cone flange adopt metal material, and tail nozzle body and center cone body adopt ceramic matrix composite material.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of aero engines, and more particularly to an internal nozzle. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, most internal nozzles are made of metal. However, traditional metal materials are limited by their melting points, which further restricts material selection when facing quality requirements. To reduce overall weight while meeting the high-temperature environmental requirements of internal nozzles, ceramic-based fiber-reinforced composite materials can be used in the structural design of internal nozzles.

[0003] Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) have significant potential for weight and noise reduction, effectively lowering engine weight while possessing excellent mechanical, thermophysical, and chemical properties to meet the high-temperature requirements of internal nozzles. However, the difference in thermal expansion coefficients between CMCs and metallic materials presents new challenges for the structural design of internal nozzles and their internal connection structures. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is at least to provide an internal nozzle, which uses ceramic matrix composite material for its structural design, effectively reducing engine weight and meeting the requirements of the high-temperature environment of the internal nozzle.

[0005] The following provides a brief overview of one or more aspects to offer a basic understanding of them. This overview is not an exhaustive summary of all conceived aspects, nor is it intended to identify key or decisive elements of all aspects, nor to define the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form to prepare for the more detailed descriptions that follow.

[0006] One embodiment of the present invention provides an inner nozzle, which includes a tail nozzle assembly and a central cone assembly. The tail nozzle assembly and the central cone assembly are combined to form an annular exhaust channel around the axial direction. The tail nozzle assembly includes a tail nozzle flange and a tail nozzle body, and the tail nozzle flange is connected to the tail nozzle body. The central cone assembly includes a central cone flange and a central cone body, and the central cone flange is connected to the central cone body. The tail nozzle flange and the central cone flange are made of metal materials, and the tail nozzle body and the central cone body are made of ceramic matrix composite materials.

[0007] In some embodiments, the tail nozzle body and the central cone body are laminated plate structures, honeycomb sandwich structures, or a combination of laminated plate structures and honeycomb sandwich structures.

[0008] In some embodiments, the tail nozzle body and the central cone body are honeycomb sandwich structures, the honeycomb sandwich structure including multiple honeycombs distributed around the axial direction.

[0009] In some embodiments, the tail nozzle flange or center cone flange is a hollow structure, which is used to provide deformability.

[0010] In some embodiments, the tailpipe flange and the tailpipe body, or the center cone flange and the center cone body, are connected by a floating connection or a fixed connection.

[0011] In some embodiments, the floating connection includes a floating bolt and a bushing. The mounting through hole penetrates the nozzle flange and the nozzle body, or the center cone flange and the center cone body. The floating bolt is radially disposed in the mounting through hole, connecting the nozzle flange and the nozzle body, or the center cone flange and the center cone body, and fastening it to the nozzle body or the center cone body. The bushing is disposed in the mounting through hole, covering the hole wall of the mounting through hole on the nozzle body. The floating bolt can move radially within the bushing.

[0012] In some embodiments, the inner wall of the bushing has a first axial gap with the floating bolt, and the outer wall of the bushing has a second axial gap with the tail nozzle body or the center cone body.

[0013] In some embodiments, an acoustic liner hole for noise reduction is provided on the inner side of the tail nozzle body or the center cone body.

[0014] In some embodiments, the tail nozzle assembly includes a tail nozzle skin, which is sleeved on the outside of the tail nozzle body. The tail nozzle skin is made of metal, and the tail end of the tail nozzle skin is connected to the tail nozzle body. The connected portion includes a conductive material, which is used to form a conductive path between the tail nozzle skin and the tail nozzle body.

[0015] In some embodiments, a sacrificial layer is pre-set at the tail end of the nozzle skin near the inner surface of the nozzle body. The sacrificial layer is made of ceramic matrix composite material and is used to adapt to the mating connection between the nozzle body and the nozzle skin.

[0016] In some embodiments, a conductive material is disposed on the outer surface of the central cone assembly, and the conductive material is used to form a conductive path to achieve flashover prevention.

[0017] The internal nozzle involved in this invention comprises a ceramic matrix composite material, which can achieve a weight reduction target of 40% compared with traditional metal materials, thereby reducing the weight of high bypass ratio engines and ensuring engine working efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The above-described features and advantages of the present invention will be better understood after reading the following detailed description of embodiments of the present disclosure in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, components are not necessarily drawn to scale, and components having similar related properties or features may have the same or similar reference numerals. Wherein:

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the internal nozzle structure based on some embodiments;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of a structural schematic diagram of an inner nozzle according to some embodiments;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the tail nozzle flange and the tail nozzle body according to some embodiments;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the center cone flange and the center cone body according to some embodiments;

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the tail nozzle body and the tail nozzle skin end according to some embodiments.

[0024] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0025] 100-Inner nozzle;

[0026] 110 - Tail nozzle assembly;

[0027] 111-Tail nozzle flange;

[0028] 112-Tail nozzle body;

[0029] 113 - Tail nozzle skin;

[0030] 114 - Tail nozzle bushing;

[0031] A-Sacrificial layer setting area;

[0032] 120 - Central cone assembly;

[0033] 121-Center cone flange;

[0034] 122-Central cone body;

[0035] 123 - Central cone bushing. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that the aspects described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments are merely exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention in any way.

[0037] It should be understood that the terms “system,” “device,” “unit,” and / or “module” used herein are one method of distinguishing different components, elements, parts, sections, or assemblies at different levels. However, if other words can achieve the same purpose, they may be replaced by other expressions.

[0038] It is understood that the technical terms that may be used in the description of this specification, such as “center,” “longitudinal,” “lateral,” “front,” “rear,” “left,” “right,” “vertical,” “horizontal,” “top,” “bottom,” “inner,” and “outer,” indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the implementation method and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the invention.

[0039] It should be noted that the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to define features in this article is merely for the purpose of distinguishing the corresponding features. Unless otherwise stated, the above terms have no special meaning and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this invention.

[0040] In the description of this specification, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, an integral connection, or a detachable connection; a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or a connection within two components, etc. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this specification according to the specific circumstances.

[0041] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the internal nozzle structure according to some embodiments.

[0042] This specification provides an embodiment of an internal nozzle 100, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the inner nozzle 100 includes a tail nozzle assembly 110 and a central cone assembly 120, with the tail nozzle assembly 110 covering the outer side of the central cone assembly 120. The tail nozzle assembly 110 and the central cone assembly 120 combine to form an annular exhaust channel. The annular exhaust channel is arranged axially and includes an inner annular exhaust channel and an outer annular exhaust channel. The inner annular exhaust channel is located inside the central cone assembly 120, and the outer annular exhaust channel is located between the tail nozzle assembly 110 and the central cone assembly 120. The exhaust gas is discharged axially (see...). Figure 2 Exhaust is discharged from the annular exhaust channel. The inner nozzle 100 provides an exhaust outlet for the turbine and can increase engine thrust by increasing the turbine exhaust velocity.

[0043] It should be noted that the axial direction mentioned in this manual refers to the direction along the central axis of the engine, and the radial direction refers to the direction along the radius of the central axis of the engine.

[0044] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional view of a schematic diagram of the internal nozzle structure shown in some embodiments.

[0045] like Figure 2 As shown, the tailpipe assembly 110 includes a tailpipe flange 111 and a tailpipe body 112, with the tailpipe flange 111 connected to the tailpipe body 112. The center cone assembly 120 includes a center cone flange 121 and a center cone body 122, with the center cone flange 121 connected to the center cone body 122. The tailpipe flange 111 surrounds the outside of the center cone flange 121, and the tailpipe body 112 surrounds the outside of the center cone body 122.

[0046] The nozzle flange 111 and the center cone flange 121 are not only connected to the nozzle body 112 and the center cone body 122 respectively, but also to other engine structures to achieve the connection between the inner nozzle 100 and other engine components. The nozzle flange 111 and the center cone flange 121 are made of metallic materials. These metallic materials include high-temperature alloys or titanium alloys, such as Inconel 718 alloy, Inconel 625 alloy, Ti-6Al-4V, or Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo.

[0047] The nozzle body 112 and the central cone body 122 have a large contact area with the exhaust gas and need to withstand the high temperature of the exhaust gas. Both the nozzle body 112 and the central cone body 122 are made of ceramic matrix composite material (CMC). The nozzle body 112 and the central cone body 122 made of ceramic matrix composite material can effectively reduce the weight of the engine, while possessing excellent mechanical, thermophysical, and chemical properties, meeting the high-temperature environment requirements of the inner nozzle 100. Because the coefficient of thermal expansion of ceramic matrix composite material differs significantly from that of metallic materials, the connection structure design between the nozzle flange 111 and the nozzle body 112, and between the central cone flange 121 and the central cone body 122, needs to accommodate the different degrees of deformation of the two components in cold and hot states. The connection structures between the nozzle flange 111 and the nozzle body 112, and between the central cone flange 121 and the central cone body 122, will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0048] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the tailpipe flange and the tailpipe body according to some embodiments.

[0049] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3As shown, to match the thermal deformation of the metallic material and the ceramic matrix composite material, the nozzle flange 111 has a hollow structure. This hollow structure provides deformation capacity for the nozzle flange 111 and reduces its stiffness. In some embodiments, the hollow structure can be a mesh structure or a structure with multiple holes distributed throughout. The blank areas of the hollow structure provide deformation space for the nozzle flange 111, improving its deformation capacity to accommodate the thermal deformation of the nozzle body 112 connected to the nozzle flange 111. In some embodiments, the center cone flange 121 adopts the same or different hollow structure as the nozzle flange 111 to accommodate the thermal deformation of the center cone body 122 connected to the center cone flange 121.

[0050] In some embodiments, the tailpipe flange 111 is fixedly connected to the tailpipe body 112. Specifically, see Figure 3 The nozzle flange 111 and the nozzle body 112 are fixedly connected by bolts. A mounting through hole is provided through the nozzle flange 111 and the nozzle body 112. A fixing bolt is provided in the mounting through hole and is arranged radially to connect and fix the nozzle flange 111 and the nozzle body 112. As an example only, the fixing bolt includes a screw and a nut. The screw passes through the mounting through hole, and the nut is sleeved on the screw to lock the nozzle flange 111 and the nozzle body 112. In some embodiments, the nozzle body 112 is made of ceramic matrix composite material. The wall of the mounting through hole on it is in contact with the fixing bolt and is easily damaged. To solve the problem of easy damage to the hole wall of ceramic matrix composite material, a nozzle bushing 114 is provided between the wall of the mounting through hole of the nozzle body 112 and the fixing bolt. The nozzle bushing 114 is used to isolate the nozzle body 112 from the fixing bolt. In some embodiments, the nozzle bushing 114 forms flanges on both radial sides toward the nozzle body 112, wrapping around the wall of the mounting through hole of the nozzle body 112, providing support for the edge of the mounting through hole of the nozzle body 112, and preventing the edge of the hole from being crushed. In some embodiments, reinforcing material is added to the edge area of ​​the mounting through hole of the nozzle body 112 to avoid damage to the edge of the hole and prevent the edge of the hole from being crushed. In some embodiments, to prevent the edge of the hole from being crushed, the countersunk angle of the fixing bolt is increased, and correspondingly, the countersunk angle of the nozzle bushing 114 is also increased.

[0051] In some embodiments, due to the mismatch in thermal expansion coefficients between the mounting through hole on the nozzle body 112 and the nozzle bushing 114, the inner wall of the nozzle bushing 114 and the fixing bolt have a first axial gap, and the outer wall of the nozzle bushing 114 and the nozzle body 112 have a second axial gap. In some embodiments, the nozzle flange 111 may deform at high temperatures, causing the fixing bolt to deviate, i.e., the fixing bolt deviates from the radial direction. An annular gap is pre-set around the end of the nozzle bushing 114, and the annular gap is distributed around the axis of the mounting through hole. The end of the nozzle bushing 114 corresponds to the head of the nozzle body 112 connected to the fixing bolt, leaving space for the fixing bolt to deviate, so as to prevent the fixing bolt from being partially jammed.

[0052] In some embodiments, since the nozzle flange 111 is made of metal and the nozzle body 112 is made of CMC, the coefficients of thermal expansion of the nozzle body 112 and the nozzle flange 111 do not match. To match the degree of thermal deformation of the two, the nozzle flange 111 and the nozzle body 112 are connected by a floating connection. For a structural description of the floating connection of the nozzle bushing 114, please refer to... Figure 4 And related content. It should be noted that... Figure 4 The floating connection structure shown and its related descriptions take the floating connection between the center cone flange 121 and the center cone body 122 as an example, and it is equally applicable to the floating connection between the tailpipe flange 111 and the tailpipe body 112. Of course, Figure 3 The fixed connection structure between the tail nozzle flange 111 and the tail nozzle body 112 shown is also applicable to the connection between the center cone flange 121 and the center cone body 122.

[0053] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the center cone flange and the center cone body, according to some embodiments.

[0054] In some embodiments, such as Figure 4 As shown, the center cone flange 121 and the center cone body 122 are connected by a floating connection. In some embodiments, the floating connection includes a floating bolt and a center cone bushing 123. A mounting through hole is provided through the center cone flange 121 and the center cone body 122, and the floating bolt is radially disposed in the mounting through hole to connect the center cone flange 121 and the center cone body 122.

[0055] By way of example only, the floating bolt includes a screw and a nut. The screw passes through the mounting hole, and the nut is fitted onto the screw, locking the screw to the central cone flange 121. The head shape of the floating bolt differs from that of the fixed bolt. The head of the floating bolt is cylindrical, confined within the mounting hole of the central cone body 122, and deforms within the mounting hole. In the cold state, the end face of the floating bolt's head has a first distance from the outer surface of the central cone body 122 to accommodate the expansion of the central cone flange 121, the central cone body 122, and the floating bolt. In the hot state, the end face of the floating bolt's head has a second distance from the outer surface of the central cone body 122, wherein the second distance is less than the first distance, or the second distance is zero. The head of the fixed bolt is conical, allowing for a fixed connection. The floating connection releases the radial degree of freedom of the central cone body 122 without affecting the aerodynamic performance in the hot state.

[0056] In some embodiments, the central cone body 122 is made of ceramic matrix composite material. The wall of the mounting through-hole on the central cone body 122 is in contact with the fixing bolt, making it prone to damage. To address the issue of easy damage to the hole wall of the ceramic matrix composite material, a central cone bushing 123 is provided between the wall of the mounting through-hole of the central cone body 122 and the floating bolt. The central cone bushing 123 isolates the central cone body 122 from the floating bolt, allowing the floating bolt to move radially within the central cone bushing 123. In some embodiments, the central cone bushing 123 forms flanges on both radial sides towards the central cone body 122, wrapping around the wall of the mounting through-hole of the central cone body 122 and providing support for the edge of the mounting through-hole to prevent crushing. In some embodiments, reinforcing material is added to the edge area of ​​the mounting through-hole of the central cone body 122 to prevent damage and crushing. In some embodiments, to prevent crushing, the countersunk angle of the floating bolt is increased, and correspondingly, the countersunk angle of the central cone bushing 123 is also increased.

[0057] In some embodiments, due to the mismatch in thermal expansion coefficients between the mounting through hole on the central cone body 122 and the central cone bushing 123, the inner wall of the central cone bushing 123 and the floating bolt have a first axial gap, and the outer wall of the central cone bushing 123 and the central cone body 122 have a second axial gap. In some embodiments, the deformation of the central cone flange 121 at high temperatures may cause the floating bolt to deviate, i.e., the floating bolt deviates from the radial direction. An annular gap is pre-set around the end of the central cone bushing 123. The annular gap is distributed around the axis of the mounting through hole. The end of the central cone bushing 123 corresponds to the head of the central cone body 122 where the floating bolt is connected, providing deflection space for the floating bolt to prevent the floating bolt from partially jamming.

[0058] In some embodiments, the nozzle body 112 and / or the central cone body 122 are laminated structures, honeycomb sandwich structures, or a combination of laminated structures and honeycomb sandwich structures. In some embodiments, when the nozzle body 112 and / or the central cone body 122 are honeycomb sandwich structures, they include multiple honeycombs distributed axially to increase the structural strength of the nozzle body 112 and / or the central cone body 122 and accommodate more circumferential forces around the axial direction. In some embodiments, the inner side of the nozzle body 112 and / or the central cone body 122 is provided with acoustic liner holes for noise reduction.

[0059] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the tail nozzle body and the tail nozzle skin end according to some embodiments.

[0060] In some embodiments, because the electrical conductivity of ceramic matrix composites is worse than that of metallic materials, when lightning strikes the nozzle body 112 and / or the central cone body 122, the nozzle body 112 and / or the central cone body 122 have difficulty conducting away the accumulated current in a short time, resulting in a temperature rise that exceeds the limiting temperature of the ceramic matrix composite, causing damage to the structure. Figure 5 As shown, the nozzle assembly 110 includes a nozzle skin 113, which is fitted onto the outside of the nozzle body 112. The nozzle skin 113 is made of metal and is used to form a conductive path to achieve flashback protection for the nozzle assembly 110. In some embodiments, the tail end of the nozzle skin 113 is connected to the nozzle body 112, and the connecting portion includes a conductive material. The conductive material is used to form a conductive path between the nozzle skin 113 and the nozzle body 112. For example, the tail end of the nozzle skin 113 is connected to the nozzle body by laying a metal mesh or coating a conductive coating. Similarly, in some embodiments, the outer surface of the central cone body 122 is provided with a conductive material. For example, the outer surface of the central cone body 122 is laid with a metal mesh or coated with a conductive coating, or the conductive material is fused with CMC to form the central cone body 122, thereby achieving flashback protection for the central cone assembly 120.

[0061] In some embodiments, to match the extrusion strength and thermal deformation of the metal material and the ceramic matrix composite material, a sacrificial layer is pre-set on the inner surface of the nozzle skin 113 near the nozzle body 112 along the axial direction at the tail end. Figure 5 Area A shown is the area where the sacrificial layer is set. The sacrificial layer is set in area A and is made of ceramic matrix composite material. When the tail nozzle body 112 is connected to the tail nozzle skin 113, the sacrificial layer is polished to make the tail nozzle body 112 fit and connect with the tail nozzle skin 113.

[0062] The basic concepts have been described above. It is clear that the detailed disclosure above is merely illustrative and does not constitute a limitation of this specification, especially for those skilled in the art. Furthermore, unless expressly stated in the claims, the order of elements and sequences, the use of numbers and letters, or other names in this specification are not intended to limit the order of the processes and methods described herein. Although various examples of currently considered useful embodiments of the invention have been discussed in the foregoing disclosure, it should be understood that such details are for illustrative purposes only, and the appended claims are not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Rather, the claims are intended to cover all modifications and equivalent combinations that conform to the substance and scope of the embodiments described herein.

Claims

1. An internal nozzle, characterized in that, The inner nozzle includes a tail nozzle assembly and a central cone assembly, wherein the tail nozzle assembly and the central cone assembly are combined to form an annular exhaust channel around the axial direction. The tail nozzle assembly includes a tail nozzle flange and a tail nozzle body, the tail nozzle flange being connected to the tail nozzle body; the center cone assembly includes a center cone flange and a center cone body, the center cone flange being connected to the center cone body. The tail nozzle flange and the center cone flange are made of metal materials, while the tail nozzle body and the center cone body are made of ceramic matrix composite materials.

2. The inner nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tail nozzle body and the central cone body are laminated plate structures, honeycomb sandwich structures, or a combination of laminated plate structures and honeycomb sandwich structures.

3. The inner nozzle according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The tail nozzle body and the central cone body are honeycomb sandwich structures, and the honeycomb sandwich structure includes multiple honeycombs distributed around the axial direction.

4. The inner nozzle according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The tail nozzle flange or the center cone flange has a hollow structure, which is used to provide deformation capability.

5. The inner nozzle according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The tail nozzle flange and the tail nozzle body, or the center cone flange and the center cone body, are connected by a floating connection or a fixed connection.

6. The inner nozzle according to claim 5, characterized in that, The floating connection includes a floating bolt and a bushing. The mounting through hole penetrates the tail nozzle flange and the tail nozzle body, or the center cone flange and the center cone body. The floating bolt is radially disposed in the mounting through hole to connect the tail nozzle flange and the tail nozzle body, or the center cone flange and the center cone body, and is fastened to the tail nozzle body or the center cone body. The bushing is disposed within the mounting through hole and covers the hole wall of the mounting through hole on the tail nozzle body. The floating bolt is capable of moving radially within the bushing.

7. The inner nozzle according to claim 6, characterized in that, The inner wall of the bushing has a first gap along the axial direction with the floating bolt, and the outer wall of the bushing has a second gap along the axial direction with the tail nozzle body or the central cone body.

8. The inner nozzle according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The inner side of the tail nozzle body or the central cone body is provided with a sound liner hole for noise reduction.

9. The inner nozzle according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The tail nozzle assembly includes a tail nozzle skin, which is sleeved on the outside of the tail nozzle body. The tail nozzle skin is made of the metal material, and the tail end of the tail nozzle skin is connected to the tail nozzle body. The connecting part includes a conductive material, which is used to form a conductive path between the tail nozzle skin and the tail nozzle body.

10. The inner nozzle according to claim 9, characterized in that, The tail end of the nozzle skin has a sacrificial layer pre-set on the inner side of the nozzle body. The sacrificial layer is made of ceramic matrix composite material and is used to adapt to the fit and connection between the nozzle body and the nozzle skin.

11. The inner nozzle according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The outer surface of the central cone assembly is provided with a conductive material, which is used to form a conductive path to achieve flashover prevention.

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