Distributed thermal management method and system based on hydrogen engine exhaust heat energy recovery

Abstract

The application discloses a distributed thermal management method and system based on hydrogen engine tail gas heat energy recovery, and relates to the technical field of solid hydrogen storage systems. The distributed thermal management method comprises the following steps: based on a preset high-fidelity multi-physical field coupling model, a three-dimensional temperature field distribution inside a hydrogen storage material, a reaction front advancing position and a local heat accumulation state are dynamically solved; then, a target hydrogen flow instruction of a downstream hydrogen-using equipment is received, an optimal target temperature field distribution is calculated based on a preset thermodynamics-reaction kinetics combined model, and a heat supply operation strategy is determined according to the optimal target temperature field distribution; according to the heat supply operation strategy, heat exchange control is performed on each sealed micro heat exchange chamber, the deviation of the actual temperature and the target temperature of each independent heating partition is monitored in real time, and the heating power output of each independent heating partition is dynamically adjusted based on a multi-loop decoupling PID controller, so that closed-loop cooperative control of the temperature field of the hydrogen storage tank is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of solid-state hydrogen storage system technology, and more specifically, to a distributed thermal management method and system based on the recovery of thermal energy from hydrogen engine exhaust. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the hydrogen energy industry, solid-state hydrogen storage technology is considered an important technological path for medium- and long-term energy storage and mobile hydrogen supply due to its high volumetric hydrogen storage density, high safety, and good cycle stability. However, solid-state hydrogen storage materials (such as metal hydrides and complexes) are accompanied by significant thermal effects during hydrogen absorption and desorption. The hydrogen release process is usually an endothermic reaction, requiring continuous external heating to maintain the reaction kinetic rate; while the hydrogen absorption process is an exothermic reaction, requiring timely heat dissipation. Therefore, an efficient thermal management system is the core of ensuring the stable operation of solid-state hydrogen storage systems.

[0003] Currently, mainstream solid-state hydrogen storage systems primarily rely on electric heating or liquid heating systems for thermal management. Electric heating typically uses resistance wires wound around the outer wall of the hydrogen storage tank to provide heat. While this structure is simple, it suffers from high energy consumption and low energy utilization. Especially in hydrogen-powered vehicles or distributed energy systems, hydrogen engines generate large amounts of high-temperature exhaust gas during operation. This exhaust gas usually contains considerable sensible heat and some latent heat of water vapor, reaching temperatures of several hundred degrees Celsius. However, in existing technologies, this heat is often directly released into the environment through radiators, resulting in significant energy waste. Therefore, existing technologies exhibit the following main drawbacks: First, the heat energy utilization is singular: it is only used for environmental heating or intake preheating, and the waste heat of the exhaust gas is not deeply coupled to the core hydrogen storage link, resulting in low energy utilization rate.

[0004] Second, the heating method is crude: the single-channel or simple jacketed exhaust gas flow design cannot achieve differentiated heating for multiple areas of the hydrogen storage tank, which can easily lead to the phenomenon of "central cold zone" or "overheating of the outer shell".

[0005] Third, lack of closed-loop control: without feedback adjustment based on the internal state of the hydrogen storage material (such as the reaction front position and internal temperature field), it is difficult to achieve precise thermal management.

[0006] Fourth, energy matching imbalance: The flow rate and temperature of hydrogen engine exhaust fluctuate greatly with operating conditions, and traditional fixed-channel heat exchange structures are difficult to adapt to the heat load requirements under different operating conditions.

[0007] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an integrated closed-loop thermal management method that integrates "exhaust gas from hydrogen energy conversion equipment → high-efficiency heat recovery → intelligent distribution to solid hydrogen storage" to improve the overall energy efficiency and sustainable operation capability of solid hydrogen storage systems. Summary of the Invention

[0008] This application provides a distributed thermal management method and system based on hydrogen engine exhaust heat recovery. By recovering the waste heat from the high-temperature exhaust gas discharged from the hydrogen engine, the solid hydrogen storage tank is partitioned and precisely managed to solve the technical problems of high energy consumption of electric heating, low utilization rate of exhaust gas waste heat and uneven heating in the prior art.

[0009] The specific technical solution is as follows: In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a distributed thermal management method based on the recovery of heat energy from hydrogen engine exhaust gas, applied to a solid hydrogen storage system. The solid hydrogen storage system includes a solid hydrogen storage tank and multiple sealed micro heat exchange chambers. The metal outer shell surface of the solid hydrogen storage tank is divided into multiple independent heating zones. Each independent heating zone is equipped with a sealed micro heat exchange chamber and a temperature sensor. Each sealed micro heat exchange chamber is connected to the exhaust system of a downstream hydrogen-using device to form a parallel gas path. All the temperature sensors constitute a distributed temperature measurement network. The distributed thermal management method includes: Real-time temperature data from multiple locations on the outer wall of the solid hydrogen storage tank are collected. Combined with the geometric parameters, material thermophysical properties, and internal pressure parameters of the solid hydrogen storage tank, a three-dimensional temperature field distribution, reaction front advancement position, and local heat accumulation state inside the hydrogen storage material are dynamically solved based on a preset high-fidelity multiphysics coupling model. Then, the target hydrogen flow command of the downstream hydrogen-using equipment is received, and the optimal target temperature field distribution is calculated based on a preset thermodynamic-reaction kinetic joint model. The heating operation strategy is determined based on the optimal target temperature field distribution. According to the heating operation strategy, heat exchange control is performed on each of the sealed micro heat exchange chambers. At the same time, the deviation between the actual temperature and the target temperature of each independent heating zone is monitored in real time. The heating power output of each independent heating zone is dynamically adjusted based on a multi-loop decoupled PID controller to achieve closed-loop coordinated control of the temperature field of the hydrogen storage tank.

[0010] In some embodiments of this application, the real-time temperature data collected at multiple locations on the outer wall of the solid hydrogen storage tank, combined with the geometric parameters, material thermophysical properties, and internal pressure parameters of the solid hydrogen storage tank, is dynamically solved based on a preset high-fidelity multiphysics coupling model to determine the three-dimensional temperature field distribution, reaction front advancement position, and local heat accumulation state inside the hydrogen storage material. Specifically, this includes: The temperature data of each independent heating zone is collected by high-frequency sampling using all the temperature sensors. Based on multiple real-time temperature data and the geometric parameters, material thermal properties, and internal pressure parameters of the solid hydrogen storage tank, and using a pre-defined high-fidelity multiphysics coupling model, the three-dimensional temperature field distribution, reaction front advancement position, and local heat accumulation state inside the hydrogen storage material are dynamically solved by employing an inverse heat conduction algorithm and a data assimilation method.

[0011] In some embodiments of this application, the step of dynamically solving the three-dimensional temperature field distribution, reaction front advancement position, and local heat accumulation state inside the hydrogen storage material based on multiple real-time temperature data and the geometric structure parameters, material thermal property parameters, and internal pressure parameters of the solid hydrogen storage tank, using a preset high-fidelity multiphysics coupling model and employing an inverse heat conduction algorithm and data assimilation method, specifically includes: Based on the preset high-fidelity multiphysics coupling model, an iterative calculation process is performed, including: using the geometric structural parameters, material thermal property parameters, and internal pressure parameters of the solid hydrogen storage tank at the current moment to perform forward heat conduction deduction to obtain the predicted surface temperature distribution; calculating the residual between the predicted surface temperature distribution and multiple real-time temperature data; based on the residual, correcting the heat source term distribution and material thermal property parameters inside the preset high-fidelity multiphysics coupling model through an optimization algorithm to minimize the residual, thereby solving the inverse heat conduction problem; and fusing the corrected heat source term distribution and material thermal property parameters into the model state variables of the preset high-fidelity multiphysics coupling model to complete the data assimilation at the current moment and update the state estimate value inside the hydrogen storage material. Based on the updated state estimates, the three-dimensional temperature field distribution, reaction front advancement position, and local heat accumulation state inside the hydrogen storage material are obtained through analysis.

[0012] In some embodiments of this application, the heating operation strategy includes the auxiliary electric heating activation state, and the opening state and airflow ratio of each of the sealed micro heat exchange chambers; the determination of the heating operation strategy based on the optimal target temperature field distribution specifically includes: Determine whether the power required to achieve the optimal target temperature field distribution is greater than the exhaust heat power of the exhaust system. If it is greater, activate the auxiliary electric heating and switch to the mixed heating mode; otherwise, do not activate the auxiliary electric heating and switch to the pure waste heat driven heating mode. In the hybrid heating mode, based on the optimal target temperature field distribution, the opening state and air intake flow ratio of each of the sealed micro heat exchange chambers are determined, and then the heating power of the auxiliary electric heating is determined. In the pure waste heat driven heating mode, the opening state and air intake flow ratio of each of the sealed micro heat exchange chambers are determined according to the optimal target temperature field distribution.

[0013] In some embodiments of this application, receiving the target hydrogen flow rate command from the downstream hydrogen-using equipment and calculating the optimal target temperature field distribution based on a preset thermodynamic-reaction kinetic joint model specifically includes: The system receives the target hydrogen flow rate command from the downstream hydrogen-using equipment, converts the target hydrogen flow rate command into a target hydrogen molar flow rate per unit time, and simultaneously acquires the current internal state parameters of the solid hydrogen storage tank; wherein, the current internal state parameters include the current average pressure inside the tank and the real-time physical property state of the hydrogen storage material in the hydrogen storage tank. The preset thermodynamic-reaction kinetic joint model is invoked, with the target hydrogen molar flow rate, the current average pressure inside the tank, and the real-time physical properties of the hydrogen storage material as input variables. By solving the correlation equation between the hydrogen release reaction rate and temperature and pressure, the internal target temperature field of the hydrogen storage material required to meet the target hydrogen molar flow rate is calculated in reverse. The internal target temperature field includes the theoretical optimal average temperature of the hydrogen storage material and the spatial temperature distribution reference values ​​of each of the independent heating zones. A heat transfer mapping relationship between each independent heating zone and the internal temperature field is constructed. Taking the internal target temperature field as the constraint target, the heating parameters of each independent heating zone are iteratively solved using an optimization algorithm to calculate the optimal target surface temperature setpoint corresponding to each independent heating zone, so as to obtain the optimal target temperature field distribution.

[0014] In some embodiments of this application, the real-time monitoring of the deviation between the actual temperature and the target temperature of each of the independent heating zones, and the dynamic adjustment of the heating power output of each of the independent heating zones based on a multi-loop decoupled PID controller, to achieve closed-loop coordinated control of the temperature field of the hydrogen storage tank, specifically includes: Real-time monitoring of the deviation between the actual temperature and the target temperature of each independent heating zone; The dynamic adjustment step includes: inputting all the deviations to the multi-loop decoupled PID controller; the multi-loop decoupled PID controller calculates the thermal interference components between adjacent independent heating zones based on a preset thermal coupling model and the thermal coupling interference matrix of adjacent independent heating zones; and decouples and corrects the initial PID control quantity of each independent heating zone according to the thermal interference components to generate a decoupled temperature control command; converting the decoupled temperature control command into an air intake flow rate adjustment signal for each of the sealed micro heat exchange chambers; and dynamically adjusting the heating power output applied to each independent heating zone. After executing the intake flow rate adjustment signal, the deviation between the actual temperature and the target temperature of each of the independent heating zones is reacquired, and the dynamic adjustment step is executed to form a closed-loop control circuit.

[0015] In some embodiments of this application, the dynamic adjustment of the heating power output applied to each of the independent heating zones specifically includes: When the real-time temperature data of a certain independent heating zone exceeds the preset temperature threshold, the heating power output of that independent heating zone will be reduced first.

[0016] In some embodiments of this application, the distributed thermal management method further includes: The maximum temperature difference and local overheating areas in the three-dimensional temperature field distribution are monitored in real time. When the real-time temperature data of a certain independent heating zone exceeds the material safety threshold, the heating power output of the independent heating zone is forcibly reduced.

[0017] In some embodiments of this application, the distributed thermal management method further includes: Periodically compare the theoretical flow rate derived from the preset thermodynamic-reaction kinetics joint model with the actual flow meter reading, calculate the residual, and if the residual exceeds the preset residual threshold, then correct the kinetic parameters in the preset thermodynamic-reaction kinetics joint model online.

[0018] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a distributed thermal management system based on hydrogen engine exhaust heat recovery, applied to a solid-state hydrogen storage system, the distributed thermal management system comprising: The distributed exhaust gas heat exchange array module includes multiple sealed micro heat exchange chambers and multiple temperature sensors. The metal shell surface of the solid hydrogen storage tank of the solid hydrogen storage system is divided into multiple independent heating zones. Each independent heating zone is equipped with one sealed micro heat exchange chamber and one temperature sensor. Each sealed micro heat exchange chamber is connected to the exhaust system of the downstream hydrogen-using equipment to form a parallel gas path. All the temperature sensors constitute a distributed temperature measurement network. The multi-point temperature sensing and state inversion module is used to collect real-time temperature data at multiple locations on the outer wall of the solid hydrogen storage tank. Combined with the geometric structural parameters, material thermophysical parameters, and internal pressure parameters of the solid hydrogen storage tank, it dynamically solves the three-dimensional temperature field distribution, reaction front advancement position, and local heat accumulation state inside the hydrogen storage material based on a preset high-fidelity multiphysics coupling model. Then, it receives the target hydrogen flow command from the downstream hydrogen-using equipment, calculates the optimal target temperature field distribution based on a preset thermodynamic-reaction kinetic joint model, and determines the heating operation strategy based on the optimal target temperature field distribution. The exhaust gas intelligent distribution and collaborative control module is used to control the heat exchange of each of the sealed micro heat exchange chambers according to the heating operation strategy, while monitoring the deviation between the actual temperature and the target temperature of each of the independent heating zones in real time, and dynamically adjusting the heating power output of each of the independent heating zones based on a multi-loop decoupled PID controller, so as to realize closed-loop collaborative control of the temperature field of the hydrogen storage tank.

[0019] The innovative aspects of this application's embodiments include, but are not limited to, the following: 1. The embodiments of this application adopt waste heat driven thermal management, abandoning the traditional electric heating element and using the high-temperature exhaust gas from the hydrogen engine as the main heat source. The heat is transferred to the outer wall of the hydrogen storage tank through an efficient heat exchange structure, realizing a green and low-carbon heating method.

[0020] 2. The embodiments of this application adopt multi-zone independent thermal control, with multiple micro heat exchange chambers combined with tail gas diversion channels that can switch flow direction and flow rate to form a zoned tail gas heating array, which supports differentiated heating of different areas of the hydrogen storage tank and eliminates temperature gradients.

[0021] 3. The embodiments of this application adopt a heat flow coordinated control strategy to establish a dynamic coupling model of "tail gas parameters - heat exchange efficiency - material temperature field - hydrogen release rate" to realize feedforward prediction and closed-loop regulation based on downstream hydrogen demand, so as to ensure stable hydrogen output.

[0022] 4. The embodiments of this application adopt a fast response and energy buffering mechanism, and introduce an auxiliary electric heating unit as a supplementary heat source. It is activated when the exhaust gas supply is insufficient or the transient load increases suddenly, forming a hybrid heating architecture of "main waste heat and auxiliary electric heating", which takes into account both energy efficiency and response speed.

[0023] The beneficial effects of the embodiments of this application are as follows: This application uses the high-temperature exhaust gas emitted by the hydrogen engine as the main heat source to replace the traditional electric heating method, making full use of its thermal energy and realizing the cascade utilization of waste heat energy. Through an intelligent heat exchange system, the originally lost heat is converted into effective energy to drive the hydrogen release reaction, which greatly reduces the dependence on external power. The overall energy efficiency is improved by more than 40%, significantly reducing operating costs and carbon footprint, realizing efficient recovery and utilization of waste heat, and significantly reducing system energy consumption.

[0024] This application adopts a distributed exhaust gas heat exchange array structure, with each heating zone independently controlled for on / off and flow rate. Combined with a temperature field inversion model, the heating intensity of each zone is dynamically adjusted, supporting precise heating in multiple areas, ensuring a uniform and stable temperature field, effectively eliminating the phenomenon of "cold central zone and overheated outer shell", avoiding local thermal stress damage to the material structure, ensuring that the hydrogen storage material works in a uniform thermal environment, and improving the consistency of hydrogen release reaction and system safety.

[0025] This application possesses intelligent collaborative control capabilities, integrating feedforward prediction and closed-loop feedback control strategies. It calculates the target temperature field in real time based on downstream hydrogen demand and intelligently allocates heat in conjunction with exhaust gas parameters. When exhaust gas is insufficient, it automatically activates auxiliary electric heating, achieving seamless switching between "main waste heat and auxiliary electric heating," balancing energy efficiency and transient response capabilities. This meets the stable hydrogen supply requirements under rapid load fluctuations, offering fast response and reliable operation. Attached Figure Description

[0026] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0027] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a solid-state hydrogen storage system used in a distributed thermal management method based on hydrogen engine exhaust heat recovery, provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 A schematic flowchart of a distributed thermal management method based on hydrogen engine exhaust heat recovery provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the composition of a distributed thermal management system based on hydrogen engine exhaust heat recovery, provided as an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0029] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. The terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, in the embodiments and drawings of this application are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but may optionally include steps or units not listed, or may optionally include other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products, or devices.

[0030] This application discloses a distributed thermal management method based on the recovery of heat energy from hydrogen engine exhaust. It abandons the traditional resistance wire electric heating method and uses the high-temperature exhaust gas from the hydrogen engine as the main heat source. By setting a distributed, independently controllable array of micro heat exchange chambers on the outer wall of the hydrogen storage tank, it achieves differentiated heating of the hydrogen storage material in different zones. Combined with a multiphysics coupling model and a distributed sensor network, it inverts the internal temperature field state of the hydrogen storage material in real time, and dynamically adjusts the exhaust gas flow and heat distribution in each zone according to downstream hydrogen demand, achieving precise thermal management driven by waste heat. Detailed descriptions follow.

[0031] The distributed thermal management method based on hydrogen engine exhaust heat recovery in this application is applied to solid-state hydrogen storage systems, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the solid-state hydrogen storage system includes a solid-state hydrogen storage tank 1 and multiple sealed micro heat exchange chambers 2. The metal outer shell of the solid-state hydrogen storage tank 1 is divided into multiple independent heating zones. Each independent heating zone is equipped with a sealed micro heat exchange chamber 2 and a temperature sensor 3. The multiple sealed micro heat exchange chambers 2 are arranged in a fan shape, and each sealed micro heat exchange chamber 2 is connected to the exhaust system of the downstream hydrogen-using equipment, forming a parallel gas path. All temperature sensors 3 constitute a distributed temperature measurement network. In addition, the solid-state hydrogen storage system also includes a pressure and flow detection device 4 connected to the solid-state hydrogen storage tank 1, used to monitor the internal pressure and hydrogen output flow rate of the solid-state hydrogen storage tank 1 in real time. Furthermore, each sealed micro heat exchange chamber 2 is equipped with fins, spiral flow channels, or corrugated plate structures to enhance heat transfer efficiency, and is externally connected to the exhaust system of the hydrogen engine through high-temperature resistant pipes. Each sealed micro heat exchange chamber 2 has an independent exhaust gas inlet and outlet, forming a parallel gas path layout, which allows different areas to selectively receive exhaust gas according to actual heat demand, achieving precise heat distribution in space.

[0032] In a specific embodiment, the metal outer shell surface of the solid hydrogen storage tank 1 is divided into multiple independent heating zones along the axial and / or circumferential directions. Each independent heating zone is equipped with a sealed micro heat exchange chamber 2. Figure 1 As shown, these chambers can be arranged in a fan shape, covering different reaction zones corresponding to the hydrogen storage material. Each sealed micro heat exchange chamber 2 has a finned or spiral flow channel structure inside to enhance heat transfer efficiency. The inlet and outlet of each sealed micro heat exchange chamber 2 are connected to the exhaust gas main pipe of the exhaust system through high-temperature resistant pipes, and each sealed micro heat exchange chamber 2 is equipped with an independent electromagnetic pneumatic valve to control each sealed micro heat exchange chamber 2.

[0033] Figure 1 This paper illustrates a distributed thermal management method based on hydrogen engine exhaust heat recovery, according to an embodiment of this application. For example... Figure 1 As shown, the distributed thermal management method includes the following steps: Step S110: Collect real-time temperature data from multiple locations on the outer wall of the solid hydrogen storage tank, and combine the geometric parameters, material thermophysical parameters, and internal pressure parameters of the solid hydrogen storage tank. Based on a preset high-fidelity multiphysics coupling model, dynamically solve the three-dimensional temperature field distribution inside the hydrogen storage material, the position of the reaction front advancement, and the local heat accumulation state. Then, receive the target hydrogen flow command from the downstream hydrogen-using equipment, calculate the optimal target temperature field distribution based on the preset thermodynamic-reaction kinetic joint model, and determine the heating operation strategy based on the optimal target temperature field distribution.

[0034] In some embodiments, real-time temperature data from multiple locations on the outer wall of the solid hydrogen storage tank are collected. Combined with the tank's geometric parameters, material thermal properties, and internal pressure parameters, a pre-defined high-fidelity multiphysics coupling model is used to dynamically solve for the three-dimensional temperature field distribution, reaction front advancement position, and local heat accumulation state within the hydrogen storage material. Specifically, this includes: using all temperature sensors to perform high-frequency sampling on each independent heating zone to collect real-time temperature data for each independent heating zone; and based on multiple real-time temperature data and the solid hydrogen storage tank's geometric parameters, material thermal properties, and internal pressure parameters, using a pre-defined high-fidelity multiphysics coupling model, employing an inverse heat conduction algorithm and a data assimilation method to dynamically solve for the three-dimensional temperature field distribution, reaction front advancement position, and local heat accumulation state within the hydrogen storage material. The preset high-fidelity multiphysics coupling model is based on parameters such as the geometric dimensions of the solid hydrogen storage tank (e.g., radius and length), the thermal properties of the hydrogen storage material (e.g., thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, density, and enthalpy of reaction), and boundary conditions (convective heat transfer coefficient of the closed micro heat exchange chamber).

[0035] Furthermore, based on multiple real-time temperature data and the geometric parameters, material thermal properties, and internal pressure parameters of the solid hydrogen storage tank, and using a pre-defined high-fidelity multiphysics coupling model, an inverse heat conduction algorithm and data assimilation method are employed to dynamically solve for the three-dimensional temperature field distribution, reaction front advancement position, and local heat accumulation state within the hydrogen storage material. Specifically, this includes: performing an iterative calculation process based on the pre-defined high-fidelity multiphysics coupling model, including: using the current geometric parameters, material thermal properties, and internal pressure parameters of the solid hydrogen storage tank to perform forward heat conduction deduction to obtain the predicted surface temperature distribution; and calculating... The process involves calculating the residual between the predicted surface temperature distribution and multiple real-time temperature data. Based on this residual, an optimization algorithm is used to correct the distribution of heat source terms and material thermal properties within a pre-defined high-fidelity multiphysics coupling model to minimize the residual and thus solve the inverse heat conduction problem. The corrected heat source term distribution and material thermal properties are then integrated into the model state variables of the pre-defined high-fidelity multiphysics coupling model to complete the data assimilation at the current moment and update the state estimate of the hydrogen storage material. Based on the updated state estimate, the three-dimensional temperature field distribution, reaction front advancement position, and local heat accumulation state within the hydrogen storage material are analyzed. Furthermore, a visualized virtual temperature cloud map is generated during the aforementioned process to intuitively display the "cold zones," "hot spots," and temperature gradients.

[0036] In this embodiment, the heating operation strategy includes the activation status of the auxiliary electric heater and the opening status and intake flow ratio of each sealed micro heat exchange chamber. Specifically, determining the heating operation strategy based on the optimal target temperature field distribution includes: determining whether the power required to achieve the optimal target temperature field distribution is greater than the exhaust heat power of the exhaust system; if so, activating the auxiliary electric heater and switching to a mixed heating mode; otherwise, deactivating the auxiliary electric heater and switching to a pure waste heat driven heating mode; in the mixed heating mode, determining the opening status and intake flow ratio of each sealed micro heat exchange chamber based on the optimal target temperature field distribution, and then determining the heating power of the auxiliary electric heater; in the pure waste heat driven heating mode, determining the opening status and intake flow ratio of each sealed micro heat exchange chamber based on the optimal target temperature field distribution.

[0037] In other embodiments, receiving the target hydrogen flow rate command from the downstream hydrogen-using equipment and calculating the optimal target temperature field distribution based on a preset thermodynamic-reaction kinetics joint model specifically includes: receiving the target hydrogen flow rate command from the downstream hydrogen-using equipment, converting the target hydrogen flow rate command into a target hydrogen molar flow rate per unit time, and simultaneously acquiring the current internal state parameters of the solid hydrogen storage tank; wherein, the current internal state parameters include the current average pressure inside the tank and the real-time physical property state of the hydrogen storage material in the hydrogen storage tank; invoking the preset thermodynamic-reaction kinetics joint model to calculate the target hydrogen molar flow rate, the current average pressure inside the tank, and the real-time physical property state of the hydrogen storage material. Using the state as an input variable, the internal target temperature field of the hydrogen storage material is calculated inversely by solving the correlation equation between the hydrogen release reaction rate and temperature and pressure to meet the target hydrogen molar flow rate. The internal target temperature field includes the theoretical optimal average temperature of the hydrogen storage material and the spatial temperature distribution reference values ​​of each independent heating zone. The heat transfer mapping relationship between each independent heating zone and the internal temperature field is constructed. With the internal target temperature field as the constraint target, the heating parameters of each independent heating zone are iteratively solved using an optimization algorithm to calculate the optimal target surface temperature setpoint corresponding to each independent heating zone, so as to obtain the optimal target temperature field distribution.

[0038] In the specific implementation process, the distributed thermal management method also includes: periodically comparing the theoretical flow rate inverted by the preset thermodynamic-reaction kinetic joint model with the actual flow meter reading, calculating the residual, and if the residual exceeds the preset residual threshold, then correcting the kinetic parameters in the preset thermodynamic-reaction kinetic joint model online.

[0039] Step S120: According to the heating operation strategy, heat exchange control is performed on each sealed micro heat exchange chamber. At the same time, the deviation between the actual temperature and the target temperature of each independent heating zone is monitored in real time. The heating power output of each independent heating zone is dynamically adjusted based on the multi-loop decoupled PID controller to achieve closed-loop coordinated control of the temperature field of the hydrogen storage tank.

[0040] In some embodiments, the deviation between the actual temperature and the target temperature of each independent heating zone is monitored in real time, and the heating power output of each independent heating zone is dynamically adjusted based on a multi-loop decoupled PID controller to achieve closed-loop coordinated control of the temperature field of the hydrogen storage tank. Specifically, this includes: real-time monitoring of the deviation between the actual temperature and the target temperature of each independent heating zone; executing a dynamic adjustment step, which includes: inputting all deviations to the multi-loop decoupled PID controller, which calculates the thermal interference components between adjacent independent heating zones based on a preset thermal coupling model and the thermal coupling interference matrix of adjacent independent heating zones, and decouples and corrects the initial PID control quantities of each independent heating zone according to the thermal interference components to generate a decoupled temperature control command, converting the decoupled temperature control command into an airflow adjustment signal for each sealed micro heat exchange chamber, and dynamically adjusting the heating power output applied to each independent heating zone; after executing the airflow adjustment signal, the deviation between the actual temperature and the target temperature of each independent heating zone is reacquired, and the dynamic adjustment step is executed to form a closed-loop control loop.

[0041] Furthermore, the heating power output applied to each independent heating zone is dynamically adjusted, specifically including: when the real-time temperature data of an independent heating zone exceeds a preset temperature threshold, the heating power output of that independent heating zone is reduced first.

[0042] In the specific implementation process, the distributed thermal management method also includes: real-time monitoring of the maximum temperature difference and local overheating areas in the three-dimensional temperature field distribution; when the real-time temperature data of an independent heating zone exceeds the material safety threshold, the heating power output of that independent heating zone is forcibly reduced.

[0043] The above describes the steps of the distributed thermal management method based on hydrogen engine exhaust heat recovery provided in this embodiment. The complete working process of the distributed thermal management method based on hydrogen engine exhaust heat recovery will be described in detail below.

[0044] After the solid-state hydrogen storage system is started, a distributed temperature sensor array arranged on the surface of the sealed micro heat exchange chamber first performs high-frequency sampling on each independent heating zone, collecting real-time temperature data at multiple key locations on the outer wall of the solid-state hydrogen storage tank. In this embodiment, multiple temperature sensors are evenly distributed axially and circumferentially, covering different reaction regions corresponding to the hydrogen storage material, ensuring sufficient spatial resolution to support subsequent control decisions. All temperature sensor signals are transmitted to the central controller of the solid-state hydrogen storage system. The central controller, combined with a pre-stored high-fidelity multiphysics coupling model and inputting the current tank pressure value, uses an inverse heat conduction algorithm and data assimilation method to dynamically solve the three-dimensional temperature field distribution inside the hydrogen storage material, the position of the reaction front advancement, and the local heat accumulation state. This provides basic sensing capabilities for the intelligent control of the entire system and is a prerequisite for achieving precise heating. This process generates a visualized virtual temperature cloud map, intuitively displaying "cold zones," "hot spots," and temperature gradients, enabling a comprehensive understanding of the thermodynamic state without implanting sensors inside the material.

[0045] When the solid-state hydrogen storage system receives a target hydrogen flow command from the downstream power unit, the central controller immediately analyzes the demand and converts it into the amount of hydrogen moles to be released per unit time. It then invokes a built-in, preset thermodynamic-reaction kinetic joint model, comprehensively considering the current average temperature of the hydrogen storage material, the hydrogen pressure level, and the material's phase transition characteristics, to calculate the optimal target temperature field distribution required to achieve stable and controllable hydrogen release—that is, the optimal surface temperature setpoint that each independent heating zone should maintain. Next, the exhaust heat power of the exhaust system is compared with the total heat power required by the system (i.e., the power required for the optimal target temperature field distribution). If the exhaust system provides sufficient heat, it determines that it can rely entirely on exhaust gas for heating, entering a pure waste heat drive mode. If the exhaust system provides insufficient heat, a backup small electric heating element is automatically activated as a supplementary heat source, forming a hybrid heating strategy of "main waste heat and auxiliary electric heating," and then the heating scheme is determined. This completes the logical judgment from "how much hydrogen is needed" to "how much heat is needed" to "can exhaust gas be used for heating," achieving intelligent selection of energy sources and optimal resource allocation.

[0046] After determining the heating scheme, the central controller sends precise control commands to the multi-channel electromagnetic pneumatic valve assembly based on the required heating intensity of each independent heating zone, adjusting the opening status and intake flow ratio of each sealed micro heat exchange chamber. The high-temperature exhaust gas, after purification, is diverted to the corresponding sealed micro heat exchange chamber. The solid-state hydrogen storage system continuously monitors the inlet and outlet temperature difference, surface temperature rise rate, and internal pressure change rate of each independent heating zone. It compares the measured external wall temperature field with the previously calculated optimal target temperature field distribution point by point, generating a temperature deviation signal for each independent heating zone. This temperature deviation signal is input to a multi-loop decoupled PID controller, which not only corrects the heating power output of a single independent heating zone but also compensates for thermal coupling interference between adjacent independent heating zones, achieving truly independent and precise control. Throughout the process, the solid-state hydrogen storage system's control system maintains communication and linkage with the hydrogen engine ECU, supporting seamless switching between multiple operating modes.

[0047] This application reconstructs the control logic under the traditional electric heating mode. Based on precise temperature control, it introduces the internal energy self-circulation mechanism of the hydrogen energy system, making waste exhaust gas an active energy element, significantly improving overall energy efficiency and sustainability, and possessing high innovation and industrialization value.

[0048] Corresponding to the above method embodiments, another embodiment of this application provides a distributed thermal management system based on hydrogen engine exhaust heat recovery, applied to a solid-state hydrogen storage system. For example... Figure 3 As shown, the distributed thermal management system includes: a distributed exhaust gas heat exchange array module 210, a multi-point temperature sensing and state inversion module 220, and an exhaust gas intelligent distribution and collaborative control module 230.

[0049] Among them, the distributed exhaust gas heat exchange array module 210 serves as the core heating structure, which includes multiple sealed micro heat exchange chambers and multiple temperature sensors. The metal shell surface of the solid hydrogen storage tank of the solid hydrogen storage system is divided into multiple independent heating zones. Each independent heating zone is equipped with a sealed micro heat exchange chamber and a temperature sensor. Each sealed micro heat exchange chamber is connected to the exhaust system of the downstream hydrogen-using equipment to form a parallel gas path. All temperature sensors constitute a distributed temperature measurement network.

[0050] In this embodiment, multiple independent heating zones are divided on the outer surface of the solid hydrogen storage tank's metal shell. Each independent heating zone is equipped with a sealed micro heat exchange chamber. The interior of the sealed micro heat exchange chamber is equipped with fins, spiral flow channels, or corrugated plate structures to enhance heat transfer efficiency. Externally, it is connected to the exhaust system of the hydrogen engine through a high-temperature resistant pipe. Each sealed micro heat exchange chamber has an independent exhaust gas inlet and outlet, forming a parallel gas path layout, allowing different areas to selectively receive exhaust gas according to actual heat demand, achieving precise heat distribution in space. The sealed micro heat exchange chamber is made of a high thermal conductivity metal material (such as stainless steel) and is tightly fitted to the outer wall of the tank to ensure that the sensible heat in the exhaust gas can be quickly conducted to the hydrogen storage material layer. This structure abandons the traditional resistance wire electric heating method and instead uses the originally discarded high-temperature exhaust gas as the main heat source. This not only reduces the dependence of the solid hydrogen storage system on external power, but also improves the overall energy utilization efficiency. At the same time, through the independent design of multiple independent heating zones, it effectively avoids the problems of "local overheating" or "central cold zone" caused by single-channel heating, and provides a physical basis for achieving a uniform temperature field.

[0051] The multi-point temperature sensing and state inversion module 220 serves as the core module, used to collect real-time temperature data from multiple locations on the outer wall of the solid hydrogen storage tank. Combined with the geometric structural parameters, material thermophysical parameters, and internal pressure parameters of the solid hydrogen storage tank, it dynamically solves the three-dimensional temperature field distribution inside the hydrogen storage material, the position of the reaction front, and the local heat accumulation state based on a preset high-fidelity multiphysics coupling model. Then, it receives the target hydrogen flow command from downstream hydrogen-using equipment, calculates the optimal target temperature field distribution based on a preset thermodynamic-reaction kinetic joint model, and determines the heating operation strategy based on the optimal target temperature field distribution.

[0052] In this embodiment, high-precision temperature sensors are integrated at corresponding locations in each independent heating zone to form a distributed temperature measurement network. This network collects surface temperature data from each independent heating zone in real time and uploads it to the central processing unit (CPU). Based on a pre-established high-fidelity multiphysics coupling model, and combining information such as the hydrogen storage tank's geometry, material thermophysical parameters (thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, density), reaction enthalpy change, and current tank pressure, the CPU dynamically reconstructs the three-dimensional temperature field distribution inside the hydrogen storage material, the position of the reaction front, and the heat accumulation state by solving the inverse heat conduction equation and using a data assimilation algorithm. It then generates a visualized temperature cloud map. This virtual internal temperature field serves as the core basis for subsequent control decisions, enabling the solid-state hydrogen storage system to achieve comprehensive perception of key thermal states without implanting sensors inside the material, supporting high-precision closed-loop control.

[0053] The exhaust gas intelligent distribution and collaborative control module 230 is used to control the heat exchange of each sealed micro heat exchange chamber according to the heating operation strategy. At the same time, it monitors the deviation between the actual temperature and the target temperature of each independent heating zone in real time, and dynamically adjusts the heating power output of each independent heating zone based on a multi-loop decoupled PID controller to achieve closed-loop collaborative control of the temperature field of the hydrogen storage tank.

[0054] In this embodiment, the solid-state hydrogen storage system includes a multi-channel electromagnetic pneumatic valve group and a mass flow regulating valve. It receives the target hydrogen flow command and current exhaust gas parameters from the multi-point temperature sensing and state inversion module 220. First, it determines whether the available heat of the exhaust gas meets the total heat load required for hydrogen release. If so, it activates the pneumatic valves of the corresponding independent heating zones and adjusts the flow of each branch to make the actual heat distribution approximate the target distribution. If insufficient, it automatically activates a backup small electric heating belt for power compensation, forming an energy-saving priority strategy of "waste heat as the main source and electric heating as a supplement." The central processing unit adopts a feedforward and feedback composite control logic. The feedforward part predicts the required temperature field and heating intensity of each zone based on the downstream hydrogen flow demand using a preset thermodynamic-reaction kinetic joint model. The feedback part performs PID dynamic correction based on the deviation between the measured surface temperature and the target value, while also considering the thermal coupling effect between adjacent heat exchange zones to achieve multi-zone decoupled control. The entire process is linked with the hydrogen engine ECU and hydrogen storage management system via CAN or Ethernet to complete the intelligent response across the entire chain from "hydrogen demand" to "precise delivery of exhaust heat", ensuring that the hydrogen release process is stable, fast and efficient.

[0055] The above-described embodiment of the distributed thermal management system based on hydrogen engine exhaust heat energy recovery corresponds to the embodiment of the distributed thermal management method based on hydrogen engine exhaust heat energy recovery, and has the same technical effects as the method embodiment. For details, please refer to the method embodiment. This distributed thermal management system embodiment is based on the method embodiment; for detailed explanation, please refer to the method embodiment section, which will not be repeated here.

[0056] In summary, this application provides a distributed thermal management method and system based on hydrogen engine exhaust heat recovery. It abandons traditional electric heating methods and uses the high-temperature exhaust gas from the hydrogen engine as the main heat source. Multiple independent heat exchange chambers distributed on the outer wall of the hydrogen storage tank achieve zoned heating of the hydrogen storage material. It employs an independently controllable exhaust gas heat exchange array, with sealed micro-heat exchange chambers arranged in a fan shape on the solid hydrogen storage tank shell. Each chamber is equipped with an independent inlet and outlet and is connected to the main exhaust gas pipeline via a multi-channel pneumatic valve, allowing any heating zone to be opened or closed as needed. Simultaneously, this application employs temperature field inversion and exhaust gas coordinated control. The solid hydrogen storage system includes a distributed temperature sensor network and a central controller, which can invert the internal temperature field of the hydrogen storage material based on real-time collected surface temperature data and a thermodynamic model, and dynamically adjust the exhaust gas flow rate and distribution ratio of each independent heat exchange chamber accordingly. In addition, this application adopts a hybrid heating strategy that prioritizes waste heat and supplements it with electric heating. The central controller first assesses the available heat of the exhaust gas. If it is insufficient to meet the heating demand, it automatically starts the auxiliary electric heating unit for power compensation, forming an energy-saving dual-mode heating mechanism with "waste heat as the main source and electric heating as the auxiliary source".

[0057] Those skilled in the art will understand that the accompanying drawings are merely schematic diagrams of one embodiment, and the modules or processes shown in the drawings are not necessarily essential for implementing this application. Furthermore, the modules in the apparatus of the embodiments may be distributed throughout the apparatus of the embodiment as described in the embodiments, or they may be located in one or more apparatuses different from this embodiment, with corresponding changes. The modules of the above embodiments may be combined into one module, or they may be further divided into multiple sub-modules.

[0058] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the above embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A distributed thermal management method based on hydrogen engine exhaust heat recovery, characterized in that, The invention is applied to a solid-state hydrogen storage system, which includes a solid-state hydrogen storage tank and multiple sealed micro heat exchange chambers. The metal outer shell surface of the solid-state hydrogen storage tank is divided into multiple independent heating zones. Each independent heating zone is equipped with a sealed micro heat exchange chamber and a temperature sensor. Each sealed micro heat exchange chamber is connected to the exhaust system of a downstream hydrogen-using device to form a parallel gas path. All the temperature sensors constitute a distributed temperature measurement network. The distributed thermal management method includes: Real-time temperature data from multiple locations on the outer wall of the solid hydrogen storage tank are collected. Combined with the geometric parameters, material thermophysical properties, and internal pressure parameters of the solid hydrogen storage tank, a three-dimensional temperature field distribution, reaction front advancement position, and local heat accumulation state inside the hydrogen storage material are dynamically solved based on a preset high-fidelity multiphysics coupling model. Then, the target hydrogen flow command of the downstream hydrogen-using equipment is received, and the optimal target temperature field distribution is calculated based on a preset thermodynamic-reaction kinetic joint model. The heating operation strategy is determined based on the optimal target temperature field distribution. According to the heating operation strategy, heat exchange control is performed on each of the sealed micro heat exchange chambers. At the same time, the deviation between the actual temperature and the target temperature of each independent heating zone is monitored in real time. The heating power output of each independent heating zone is dynamically adjusted based on a multi-loop decoupled PID controller to achieve closed-loop coordinated control of the temperature field of the hydrogen storage tank.

2. The distributed thermal management method based on hydrogen engine exhaust heat recovery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method involves collecting real-time temperature data from multiple locations on the outer wall of the solid hydrogen storage tank, and combining this data with the tank's geometric parameters, material thermophysical properties, and internal pressure parameters. Based on a pre-defined high-fidelity multiphysics coupling model, the method dynamically solves for the three-dimensional temperature field distribution inside the hydrogen storage material, the position of the reaction front, and the local heat accumulation state. Specifically, this includes: The temperature data of each independent heating zone is collected by high-frequency sampling using all the temperature sensors. Based on multiple real-time temperature data and the geometric parameters, material thermal properties, and internal pressure parameters of the solid hydrogen storage tank, and using a pre-defined high-fidelity multiphysics coupling model, the three-dimensional temperature field distribution, reaction front advancement position, and local heat accumulation state inside the hydrogen storage material are dynamically solved by employing an inverse heat conduction algorithm and a data assimilation method.

3. The distributed thermal management method based on hydrogen engine exhaust heat recovery according to claim 2, characterized in that, Based on multiple real-time temperature data and the geometric structural parameters, material thermophysical parameters, and internal pressure parameters of the solid hydrogen storage tank, and using a pre-defined high-fidelity multiphysics coupling model, an inverse heat conduction algorithm and data assimilation method are employed to dynamically solve for the three-dimensional temperature field distribution, reaction front advancement position, and local heat accumulation state inside the hydrogen storage material. Specifically, this includes: Based on the preset high-fidelity multiphysics coupling model, an iterative calculation process is performed, including: using the geometric structural parameters, material thermal property parameters, and internal pressure parameters of the solid hydrogen storage tank at the current moment to perform forward heat conduction deduction to obtain the predicted surface temperature distribution; calculating the residual between the predicted surface temperature distribution and multiple real-time temperature data; based on the residual, correcting the heat source term distribution and material thermal property parameters inside the preset high-fidelity multiphysics coupling model through an optimization algorithm to minimize the residual, thereby solving the inverse heat conduction problem; and fusing the corrected heat source term distribution and material thermal property parameters into the model state variables of the preset high-fidelity multiphysics coupling model to complete the data assimilation at the current moment and update the state estimate value inside the hydrogen storage material. Based on the updated state estimates, the three-dimensional temperature field distribution, reaction front advancement position, and local heat accumulation state inside the hydrogen storage material are obtained through analysis.

4. The distributed thermal management method based on hydrogen engine exhaust heat recovery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heating operation strategy includes the auxiliary electric heating activation status, and the opening status and airflow ratio of each of the sealed micro heat exchange chambers; the determination of the heating operation strategy based on the optimal target temperature field distribution specifically includes: Determine whether the power required to achieve the optimal target temperature field distribution is greater than the exhaust heat power of the exhaust system. If it is greater, activate the auxiliary electric heating and switch to the mixed heating mode; otherwise, do not activate the auxiliary electric heating and switch to the pure waste heat driven heating mode. In the hybrid heating mode, based on the optimal target temperature field distribution, the opening state and airflow ratio of each of the sealed micro heat exchange chambers are determined, and then the heating power of the auxiliary electric heating is determined. In the pure waste heat driven heating mode, the opening state and air intake flow ratio of each of the sealed micro heat exchange chambers are determined according to the optimal target temperature field distribution.

5. The distributed thermal management method based on hydrogen engine exhaust heat recovery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of receiving the target hydrogen flow command from the downstream hydrogen-using equipment and calculating the optimal target temperature field distribution based on a preset thermodynamic-reaction kinetic joint model specifically includes: The system receives the target hydrogen flow rate command from the downstream hydrogen-using equipment, converts the target hydrogen flow rate command into a target hydrogen molar flow rate per unit time, and simultaneously acquires the current internal state parameters of the solid hydrogen storage tank; wherein, the current internal state parameters include the current average pressure inside the tank and the real-time physical property state of the hydrogen storage material in the hydrogen storage tank. The preset thermodynamic-reaction kinetic joint model is invoked, with the target hydrogen molar flow rate, the current average pressure inside the tank, and the real-time physical properties of the hydrogen storage material as input variables. By solving the correlation equation between the hydrogen release reaction rate and temperature and pressure, the internal target temperature field of the hydrogen storage material required to meet the target hydrogen molar flow rate is calculated in reverse. The internal target temperature field includes the theoretical optimal average temperature of the hydrogen storage material and the spatial temperature distribution reference values ​​of each of the independent heating zones. A heat transfer mapping relationship between each independent heating zone and the internal temperature field is constructed. Taking the internal target temperature field as the constraint target, the heating parameters of each independent heating zone are iteratively solved using an optimization algorithm to calculate the optimal target surface temperature setpoint corresponding to each independent heating zone, so as to obtain the optimal target temperature field distribution.

6. The distributed thermal management method based on hydrogen engine exhaust heat recovery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method involves real-time monitoring of the deviation between the actual temperature and the target temperature of each independent heating zone, and dynamic adjustment of the heating power output of each independent heating zone based on a multi-loop decoupled PID controller, to achieve closed-loop coordinated control of the temperature field of the hydrogen storage tank. Specifically, this includes: Real-time monitoring of the deviation between the actual temperature and the target temperature of each independent heating zone; The dynamic adjustment step includes: inputting all the deviations to the multi-loop decoupled PID controller; the multi-loop decoupled PID controller calculates the thermal interference components between adjacent independent heating zones based on a preset thermal coupling model and the thermal coupling interference matrix of adjacent independent heating zones; and decouples and corrects the initial PID control quantity of each independent heating zone according to the thermal interference components to generate a decoupled temperature control command; converting the decoupled temperature control command into an air intake flow rate adjustment signal for each of the sealed micro heat exchange chambers; and dynamically adjusting the heating power output applied to each independent heating zone. After executing the intake flow rate adjustment signal, the deviation between the actual temperature and the target temperature of each of the independent heating zones is reacquired, and the dynamic adjustment step is executed to form a closed-loop control circuit.

7. The distributed thermal management method based on hydrogen engine exhaust heat recovery according to claim 6, characterized in that, The dynamic adjustment of the heating power output applied to each of the independent heating zones specifically includes: When the real-time temperature data of a certain independent heating zone exceeds the preset temperature threshold, the heating power output of that independent heating zone will be reduced first.

8. The distributed thermal management method based on hydrogen engine exhaust heat recovery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The distributed thermal management method further includes: The maximum temperature difference and local overheating areas in the three-dimensional temperature field distribution are monitored in real time. When the real-time temperature data of a certain independent heating zone exceeds the material safety threshold, the heating power output of the independent heating zone is forcibly reduced.

9. The distributed thermal management method based on hydrogen engine exhaust heat recovery according to claim 5, characterized in that, The distributed thermal management method further includes: Periodically compare the theoretical flow rate derived from the preset thermodynamic-reaction kinetics joint model with the actual flow meter reading, calculate the residual, and if the residual exceeds the preset residual threshold, then correct the kinetic parameters in the preset thermodynamic-reaction kinetics joint model online.

10. A distributed thermal management system based on hydrogen engine exhaust heat recovery, characterized in that, The distributed thermal management system, applied to solid-state hydrogen storage systems, includes: The distributed exhaust gas heat exchange array module includes multiple sealed micro heat exchange chambers and multiple temperature sensors. The metal shell surface of the solid hydrogen storage tank of the solid hydrogen storage system is divided into multiple independent heating zones. Each independent heating zone is equipped with one sealed micro heat exchange chamber and one temperature sensor. Each sealed micro heat exchange chamber is connected to the exhaust system of the downstream hydrogen-using equipment to form a parallel gas path. All the temperature sensors constitute a distributed temperature measurement network. The multi-point temperature sensing and state inversion module is used to collect real-time temperature data at multiple locations on the outer wall of the solid hydrogen storage tank. Combined with the geometric structural parameters, material thermophysical parameters, and internal pressure parameters of the solid hydrogen storage tank, it dynamically solves the three-dimensional temperature field distribution, reaction front advancement position, and local heat accumulation state inside the hydrogen storage material based on a preset high-fidelity multiphysics coupling model. Then, it receives the target hydrogen flow command from the downstream hydrogen-using equipment, calculates the optimal target temperature field distribution based on a preset thermodynamic-reaction kinetic joint model, and determines the heating operation strategy based on the optimal target temperature field distribution. The exhaust gas intelligent distribution and collaborative control module is used to control the heat exchange of each of the sealed micro heat exchange chambers according to the heating operation strategy, while monitoring the deviation between the actual temperature and the target temperature of each of the independent heating zones in real time, and dynamically adjusting the heating power output of each of the independent heating zones based on a multi-loop decoupled PID controller, so as to realize closed-loop collaborative control of the temperature field of the hydrogen storage tank.

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