A high-salt hazardous waste incineration flue gas purification and waste heat utilization device based on salt-resistant agent

Abstract

The application discloses a high-salt hazardous waste incineration flue gas purification and waste heat utilization device based on a salt-resistant agent, and belongs to the field of flue gas purification and utilization. The device comprises an incinerator, a purifier fixedly connected to the top of the incinerator through a pipeline, and a waste heat utilization device fixedly connected to the right side of the purifier through a pipeline. The inside bottom end of the incinerator is fixedly connected with a filter plate, and the upper side of the filter plate is provided with an oxygen delivery mechanism. The oxygen delivery mechanism comprises a delivery pipe fixedly connected with the side wall of the incinerator, and the inside of the incinerator is provided with an outer pipe fixedly connected with the delivery pipe. The annular oxygen distribution mechanism is arranged to uniformly distribute oxygen above the waste material, so that the oxygen is blown vertically downward from a plurality of first air outlets to the waste material, thereby avoiding the scattering of the waste material caused by one-side oxygen supply and ensuring the uniform oxygen supply in the combustion zone, and the combustion efficiency and combustion completeness are significantly improved, and the amount of unburned particles entering the flue gas is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of flue gas purification and utilization, and more specifically, to a device for purifying flue gas and utilizing waste heat from the incineration of high-salt hazardous waste based on a salt inhibitor. Background Technology

[0002] High-salt hazardous waste contains large amounts of salts such as sodium chloride and sodium sulfate. Direct landfilling will cause soil salinization and groundwater pollution. High-temperature incineration is one of the most effective treatment methods at present. However, the flue gas produced by the incineration of high-salt hazardous waste contains corrosive gases such as hydrogen chloride and sulfur oxides, as well as a large number of molten salt particles. If it is not purified, it will cause serious corrosion to subsequent pipelines, waste heat boilers and environmental protection equipment. At the same time, the incineration flue gas has a high calorific value, and direct emission will waste a lot of energy.

[0003] Existing technologies, by employing a spray tower and wet electrostatic precipitator process, have achieved acid removal and dust removal to a certain extent. However, this system suffers from problems such as large footprint, high water consumption, and easy scaling of salts in flue gas on the heat exchanger surface, leading to a decrease in heat exchange efficiency. In addition, the traditional method of supplying combustion oxygen is single-pipe direct blowing, which easily blows up unburned light particles, resulting in incomplete combustion. After long-term operation of the waste heat recovery device, fly ash will accumulate on the surface of the heat exchange tubes, which seriously affects the heat exchange efficiency and makes ash removal difficult.

[0004] To address this, a device for purifying flue gas and utilizing waste heat from the incineration of high-salt hazardous waste based on a salt inhibitor is proposed. This device enables uniform oxygen combustion, automatic ash removal, flue gas purification, and efficient waste heat recovery, and also features a self-vibrating ash removal function. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a device for purifying flue gas and utilizing waste heat from the incineration of high-salt hazardous waste based on a salt inhibitor. By setting up an annular oxygen distribution mechanism, oxygen is evenly distributed above the waste, allowing oxygen to be blown vertically downwards from multiple first air outlets onto the waste. This avoids the waste being scattered by unilateral oxygen supply, while ensuring uniform oxygen supply in the combustion zone, significantly improving combustion efficiency and completeness, and reducing the amount of unburned particles entering the flue gas.

[0006] To solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution.

[0007] A device for purifying flue gas and utilizing waste heat from the incineration of high-salt hazardous waste based on a salt inhibitor includes an incinerator, a purifier is fixedly connected to the top of the incinerator via a pipe, and a waste heat utilization device is fixedly connected to the right side of the purifier via a pipe.

[0008] A filter plate is fixedly connected to the bottom of the incinerator, and an oxygen delivery mechanism is provided above the filter plate.

[0009] The oxygen delivery mechanism includes a delivery pipe fixedly connected to the side wall of the incinerator. An outer pipe fixedly connected to the delivery pipe is provided inside the incinerator. Multiple connecting pipes arranged in a ring array are fixedly connected inside the outer pipe. An installation plate is fixedly connected to one end of the multiple connecting pipes away from the outer pipe. Multiple first air outlets are opened at the bottom of the outer pipe and the connecting pipes.

[0010] Furthermore, a drive rod is provided inside the mounting plate, the drive rod including a drive fan rotatably connected inside the mounting plate, and a drive rod that passes through the mounting plate and the filter plate sequentially at the bottom of the drive fan.

[0011] Furthermore, a mounting plate is fixedly connected to the bottom of the drive rod, and a pop-out rod is slidably connected inside the mounting plate, with a spring sleeved on the surface of the pop-out rod.

[0012] Furthermore, the bottom of the filter plate is provided with a plurality of grooves arranged in a ring array, and one side wall of the groove is provided with a pressing edge. The waste heat utilization device is provided with a waste heat utilization mechanism inside.

[0013] Furthermore, the waste heat utilization mechanism includes an inner cylinder fixedly connected to the waste heat utilization device, an inlet pipe welded to the lower middle part of the inner cylinder, and a heat exchange pipe fixedly connected to the top of the inlet pipe.

[0014] Furthermore, a water outlet pipe is fixedly connected to the top of the heat exchange tube, a hollow column is fixedly connected to the top of the water outlet pipe, a piston block is slidably connected inside the hollow column, and a connecting column is fixedly connected to the top of the piston block.

[0015] Furthermore, a top block is fixedly connected to the top of the connecting column, and the end of the top block away from the connecting column extends upward to form an extension block. An exhaust hole is provided on the surface of the hollow column.

[0016] Furthermore, a top plate is fixedly connected to the top of the inner cylinder, and a bottom plate is fixedly connected to the bottom of the inner cylinder.

[0017] Furthermore, the bottom of the connecting pipe directly connected to the conveying pipe does not have a first air outlet, and the blades of the drive fan are set at an angle.

[0018] Furthermore, the extrusion edge is an inclined surface, and the top of the base plate is inclined downwards towards the center.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0020] This solution uses a ring-shaped oxygen distribution mechanism to evenly distribute oxygen above the waste material, allowing oxygen to be blown vertically downwards from multiple first air outlets onto the waste material. This avoids the waste material being scattered by unilateral oxygen supply, while ensuring uniform oxygen supply in the combustion zone, significantly improving combustion efficiency and completeness, and reducing the amount of unburned particles entering the flue gas.

[0021] This solution utilizes the flow of oxygen to drive the fan to rotate, which in turn causes the ejector rod to intermittently strike the bottom of the filter plate, causing the filter plate to vibrate and automatically shake the ash produced by combustion to the bottom of the furnace. This self-vibrating ash removal structure requires no external power and only uses the energy of the combustion-supporting oxygen itself to achieve continuous ash removal, preventing ash accumulation from affecting ventilation and combustion efficiency.

[0022] This solution incorporates a piston-top block mechanism driven by steam in the waste heat recovery unit. When water evaporates inside the heat exchange tubes and generates pressure, the piston block rises, and the extension block strikes the top plate to generate vibration. After exhaust, the piston descends, waiting for the next pressurization. This intermittent self-vibrating ash removal method can effectively remove fly ash adhering to the surface of the heat exchange tubes, avoiding increased thermal resistance and flue gas temperature caused by ash accumulation, and maintaining continuous and efficient heat exchange performance.

[0023] In this solution, the purifier is placed between the incinerator and the waste heat recovery unit. The flue gas is purified before entering the waste heat recovery unit, removing corrosive gases and most salt particles, effectively protecting the subsequent heat exchange equipment. At the same time, the inclined bottom plate at the bottom of the waste heat recovery unit can collect and discharge the shaken-down ash and slag, preventing secondary dust. The entire system achieves integrated high-efficiency combustion, purification, waste heat recovery and automatic ash removal. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the flue gas purification and utilization device of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the incinerator of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a bottom view of the filter plate of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the oxygen delivery mechanism of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the mounting plate of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the waste heat recovery device of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the waste heat recovery device of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the hollow column of the present invention.

[0032] Explanation of the labels in the diagram:

[0033] 1. Incinerator; 2. Purifier; 3. Waste heat recovery unit; 4. Oxygen delivery mechanism; 41. Delivery pipe; 42. Outer pipe; 43. Connecting pipe; 44. First exhaust port; 45. Coil tube; 5. Filter plate; 51. Groove; 52. Extrusion edge; 6. Drive rod; 61. Mounting plate; 62. Pop-out rod; 63. Spring; 64. Drive fan; 7. Waste heat recovery mechanism; 71. Inner cylinder; 72. Water outlet pipe; 73. Water inlet pipe; 74. Heat exchanger tube; 75. Bottom plate; 76. Top plate; 77. Top block; 771. Extension block; 78. Hollow column; 781. Piston block; 782. Connecting column; 783. Exhaust port. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] Please see Figures 1 to 8 A device for purifying flue gas and utilizing waste heat from the incineration of high-salt hazardous waste based on a salt inhibitor includes an incinerator 1. High-salt waste is placed inside the incinerator 1, which performs high-temperature incineration. The gas generated by the high-temperature incineration flows upward. A purifier 2 is fixedly connected to the top of the incinerator 1 via a pipe. The purifier 2 is filled with a salt inhibitor packing material to purify the flue gas generated after incineration, removing hydrogen chloride, sulfur oxides, and molten salt particles from the flue gas and preventing corrosive substances from entering subsequent equipment. A waste heat utilization device 3 is fixedly connected to the right side of the purifier 2 via a pipe. The purified flue gas is transported through the pipe to the bottom of the waste heat utilization device 3 and flows upward for heat exchange.

[0036] like Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, a filter plate 5 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the incinerator 1. The filter plate 5 is mesh-shaped. Waste is placed on the surface of the filter plate 5 for incineration. The ash particles produced by incineration fall to the bottom of the incinerator 1 through the filter plate 5 to prevent the accumulation of non-combustible particles from affecting combustion. An oxygen delivery mechanism 4 is fixedly connected to the incinerator 1 above the filter plate 5.

[0037] Oxygen delivery mechanism 4 includes a delivery pipe 41 fixedly connected to the side wall of incinerator 1. An external oxygen source injects oxygen through the delivery pipe 41. An outer pipe 42 fixedly connected to the delivery pipe 41 is provided inside the incinerator 1. The outer pipe 42 is annular. Multiple connecting pipes 43 arranged in a ring array are fixedly connected inside the outer pipe 42. The delivery pipe 41 communicates with one of the connecting pipes 43. Oxygen first enters the connecting pipe. The ends of the multiple connecting pipes 43 away from the outer pipe 42 are fixedly connected to a circular tube 45. Oxygen enters the circular tube 45 through the first connecting pipe 43. The oxygen flows into the interior and then through the disc tube 45 to the other connecting pipes 43, and finally back to the outer pipe 42, so that the entire pipe network is filled with oxygen. The bottom of the outer pipe 42 and the connecting pipe 43 are provided with multiple first air outlets 44. The bottom of the connecting pipe 43, which is directly connected to the conveying pipe 41, is not provided with first air outlets 44, so as to ensure that the oxygen passes through the disc tube 45 first and then reaches other pipes, making the oxygen distribution more uniform. The oxygen is blown vertically downward from the first air outlet 44 onto the surface of the waste material to achieve uniform combustion, avoid blowing the waste material away from one side, and prevent unburned particles from flying into the flue gas.

[0038] A drive rod 6 is provided inside the disc tube 45. The drive rod 6 includes a drive fan 64 rotatably connected inside the disc tube 45. The blades of the drive fan 64 are inclined. When oxygen flows through the disc tube 45, the drive fan 64 is driven to rotate by the oxygen. The bottom of the drive fan 64 is provided with a drive rod 6 that passes through the disc tube 45 and the filter plate 5 and extends downward. The bottom of the drive rod 6 is fixedly connected to a mounting plate 61. A pop-out rod 62 is slidably connected inside the mounting plate 61. A spring 63 is sleeved on the surface of the pop-out rod 62.

[0039] The bottom of the filter plate 5 has multiple grooves 51 arranged in a circular array. Each groove 51 has a pressing edge 52 on one side wall. The pressing edge 52 is an inclined surface. When the drive fan 64 rotates, it drives the mounting plate 61 and the ejector rod 62 to rotate. When the ejector rod 62 is in the bottom plane area of ​​the filter plate 5, the spring 63 is in a compressed and taut state. When the ejector rod 62 rotates to the groove 51 position, the spring 63 is released, ejecting the ejector rod 62 towards the groove 51. The ejector rod 62 hits the groove wall of the groove 51, causing the filter plate 5 to vibrate and shake off the ash and slag on the top of the filter plate 5. The ash and slag fall into the furnace bottom through the mesh. The ejector rod 62 continues to rotate and encounters the inclined surface of the pressing edge 52. It is gradually pressed back into the mounting plate 61, and the spring 63 is compressed again, waiting for the next impact. This cycle is repeated to achieve automatic continuous ash removal.

[0040] like Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8As shown, the waste heat recovery unit 3 is equipped with a waste heat recovery mechanism 7 inside. The waste heat recovery mechanism 7 includes an inner cylinder 71 fixedly connected to the waste heat recovery unit 3. A water inlet pipe 73 is welded to the lower middle part of the inner cylinder 71. The water inlet pipe 73 passes through the inner cylinder 71 and the waste heat recovery unit 3 and extends to the outside, connecting to the external water supply. A heat exchange pipe 74 is fixedly connected to the top of the water inlet pipe 73. Cooling water enters the heat exchange pipe 74 through the water inlet pipe 73. Flue gas flows upward from the bottom of the waste heat recovery unit 3 and exchanges heat with the heat exchange pipe 74 in a countercurrent manner. A water outlet pipe 72 is fixedly connected to the top of the heat exchange pipe 74. The heated hot water or steam is output to the outside for use through the water outlet pipe 72.

[0041] A hollow column 78 is fixedly connected to the top of the water outlet pipe 72. A piston block 781 is slidably connected inside the hollow column 78. Steam generated during heat exchange enters the lower cavity of the hollow column 78, pushing the piston block 781 upward. A connecting column 782 is fixedly connected to the top of the piston block 781, and the connecting column 782 is slidably connected to the hollow column 78. A top block 77 is fixedly connected to the top of the connecting column 782. The end of the top block 77 away from the connecting column 782 extends upward to form an extension block 771. An exhaust hole 783 is opened on the surface of the hollow column 78. When the piston block 781 rises to a position exceeding the exhaust hole 783... When the steam is discharged from the exhaust port 783, the pressure inside the cavity decreases, and the piston block 781 falls back under the action of gravity, which drives the top block 77 and the extension block 771 to fall. The top of the inner cylinder 71 is fixedly connected to the top plate 76. As the steam pressure is periodically built up and released, the extension block 771 intermittently hits the top plate 76, causing the inner cylinder 71 to vibrate and shake off the fly ash attached to the heat exchange tube 74 and the inner wall of the inner cylinder 71. The bottom of the inner cylinder 71 is fixedly connected to the bottom plate 75. The top of the bottom plate 75 is inclined downward towards the center. The shaken-off ash and slag slide down the bottom plate 75 to the bottom of the waste heat utilization device 3 and are discharged periodically.

[0042] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention; however, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and its improved concepts, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for purifying flue gas and utilizing waste heat from the incineration of high-salt hazardous waste based on a salt inhibitor, comprising an incinerator (1), characterized in that: The top of the incinerator (1) is fixedly connected to a purifier (2) via a pipe, and the right side of the purifier (2) is fixedly connected to a waste heat recovery device (3) via a pipe. A filter plate (5) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the incinerator (1), and an oxygen delivery mechanism (4) is provided above the filter plate (5). The oxygen delivery mechanism (4) includes a delivery pipe (41) fixedly connected to the side wall of the incinerator (1). The incinerator (1) is provided with an outer pipe (42) fixedly connected to the delivery pipe (41). Multiple connecting pipes (43) arranged in a ring array are fixedly connected inside the outer pipe (42). A disc tube (45) is fixedly connected to one end of the multiple connecting pipes (43) away from the outer pipe (42). Multiple first air outlets (44) are opened at the bottom of the outer pipe (42) and the connecting pipes (43).

2. The device for purifying high-salt hazardous waste incineration flue gas and utilizing waste heat based on a salt inhibitor as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The disc tube (45) is provided with a drive rod (6) inside. The drive rod (6) includes a drive fan (64) rotatably connected inside the disc tube (45). The bottom of the drive fan (64) is provided with a drive rod (6) that passes through the disc tube (45) and the filter plate (5) in sequence.

3. The device for purifying high-salt hazardous waste incineration flue gas and utilizing waste heat based on a salt inhibitor according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bottom of the drive rod (6) is fixedly connected to a mounting plate (61), and a pop-out rod (62) is slidably connected inside the mounting plate (61). A spring (63) is sleeved on the surface of the pop-out rod (62).

4. The device for purifying high-salt hazardous waste incineration flue gas and utilizing waste heat based on a salt inhibitor according to claim 3, characterized in that: The bottom of the filter plate (5) is provided with a plurality of grooves (51) arranged in a ring array. One side wall of the groove (51) is provided with an extrusion edge (52). The waste heat utilization device (3) is provided with a waste heat utilization mechanism (7).

5. The device for purifying high-salt hazardous waste incineration flue gas and utilizing waste heat based on a salt inhibitor according to claim 4, characterized in that: The waste heat utilization mechanism (7) includes an inner cylinder (71) fixedly connected to the waste heat utilization device (3). A water inlet pipe (73) is welded to the lower middle part of the inner cylinder (71), and a heat exchange pipe (74) is fixedly connected to the top of the water inlet pipe (73).

6. The device for purifying high-salt hazardous waste incineration flue gas and utilizing waste heat based on a salt inhibitor according to claim 5, characterized in that: The top of the heat exchange tube (74) is fixedly connected to a water outlet pipe (72), the top of the water outlet pipe (72) is fixedly connected to a hollow column (78), a piston block (781) is slidably connected inside the hollow column (78), and a connecting column (782) is fixedly connected to the top of the piston block (781).

7. The device for purifying high-salt hazardous waste incineration flue gas and utilizing waste heat based on a salt inhibitor according to claim 6, characterized in that: A top block (77) is fixedly connected to the top of the connecting column (782). The end of the top block (77) away from the connecting column (782) extends upward to form an extension block (771). An exhaust hole (783) is provided on the surface of the hollow column (78).

8. The device for purifying high-salt hazardous waste incineration flue gas and utilizing waste heat based on a salt inhibitor according to claim 7, characterized in that: The top of the inner cylinder (71) is fixedly connected to a top plate (76), and the bottom of the inner cylinder (71) is fixedly connected to a bottom plate (75).

9. The device for purifying high-salt hazardous waste incineration flue gas and utilizing waste heat based on a salt inhibitor as described in claim 8, characterized in that: The connecting pipe (43) directly connected to the conveying pipe (41) does not have a first air outlet (44) at its bottom, and the blades of the drive fan (64) are set at an angle.

10. The device for purifying high-salt hazardous waste incineration flue gas and utilizing waste heat based on a salt inhibitor according to claim 9, characterized in that: The extrusion edge (52) is an inclined surface, the top of the base plate (75) is inclined downward towards the center, and the ends of multiple connecting pipes (43) away from the outer pipe (42) are fixedly connected to the disc pipe (45).

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