An adaptive air valve device for high altitude tunnel ventilation and a working method thereof

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of tunnel ventilation, and discloses a self-adaptive air valve device for high-altitude tunnel ventilation and a working method thereof, which comprises an air valve body; the air valve body is installed in a ventilation pipeline of a target tunnel; a driving adjustment system is used for adjusting the opening degree of the air valve body based on an air valve control instruction or an air valve fine adjustment instruction; an intelligent control unit is used for generating the air valve control instruction according to the original airflow speed on the upstream of the air inlet side of the air valve body, the air density data in the target tunnel and the environmental air pressure in the target tunnel; and is also used for generating the air valve fine adjustment instruction according to the original airflow speed on the upstream of the air inlet side of the air valve body and the actual airflow speed on the downstream of the air outlet side of the air valve body; the present application realizes self-adaptive closed-loop control of air valve adjustment, effectively improves the stability and precision of tunnel ventilation, guarantees that the high-altitude tunnel ventilation effect meets the design requirements, simultaneously reduces the energy consumption of air valve adjustment, and improves the reliability and practicality of device operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of tunnel ventilation technology, and specifically relates to an adaptive air valve device for ventilation in high-altitude tunnels and its working method. Background Technology

[0002] High-altitude tunnel ventilation and smoke extraction systems are key equipment for ensuring tunnel operation and emergency rescue, and are widely used in highway and railway transportation infrastructure in plateau areas. Among them, ventilation dampers are key control components of high-altitude tunnel ventilation and smoke extraction systems, used to regulate ventilation volume and control airflow direction. Their performance is closely related to the dynamic characteristics of the air medium. Therefore, the stable operation of dampers in high-altitude environments (such as above 1000m) is crucial to ensuring the normal functioning of the ventilation and smoke extraction system.

[0003] The reduced air density at high altitudes presents two major challenges for the application of tunnel ventilation valves, severely impacting tunnel operational safety and smoke extraction efficiency. Firstly, with a constant fan output power, the reduced air density leads to a decrease in the system's effective air pressure. With a fixed valve opening, the smoke extraction velocity decreases accordingly, hindering rapid smoke extraction in emergencies such as fires. Toxic and harmful gases, along with high temperatures, can threaten the safety of trapped personnel, impede emergency rescue, and cause even greater losses. Secondly, conventional valves cannot adapt to air pressure fluctuations caused by altitude, resulting in smoke extraction velocity fluctuations exceeding ±20%, indicating insufficient stability and reliability, making it difficult to meet the safe operation requirements of high-altitude tunnels. Therefore, achieving adaptive adjustment of ventilation valves at high altitudes to compensate for performance degradation is of significant practical importance for ensuring the safe operation of high-altitude transportation routes.

[0004] Currently, mature electric air valve technology has been developed in plain areas, such as existing intelligent electric air valves and vector frequency conversion control air valves. These technologies can monitor wind speed and wind pressure signals through sensors and adaptively adjust the opening of the air valve to achieve on-demand ventilation, balancing effectiveness and energy saving. Among them, vector frequency conversion control air valves change the fan speed by adjusting the power supply frequency of the motor, resulting in higher control precision and effectively solving the problems of uneven ventilation and energy waste in plain tunnels.

[0005] However, existing intelligent air valves have significant limitations when applied to high-altitude tunnels, failing to meet the special needs of high-altitude environments. Specifically, the control response of existing intelligent air valves is based solely on a single wind speed or wind pressure signal, failing to incorporate fundamental parameters that directly affect aerodynamic characteristics, such as altitude or air density, into the control logic. This results in the system being unable to identify and compensate for issues such as reduced air density and wind pressure caused by increased altitude, leading to a lack of targeted control. Secondly, existing technologies cannot calculate the required valve opening based on altitude changes in real time and accurately, resulting in significant lag in valve adjustment, insufficient adjustment precision, difficulty in achieving precise wind pressure compensation, and inability to stably control the exhaust wind speed within the tunnel. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the technical problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides an adaptive air valve device and its working method for ventilation in high-altitude tunnels, so as to solve the technical problem that existing intelligent air valves have obvious limitations when applied to high-altitude tunnels and cannot meet the special needs of high-altitude environments.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: The present invention provides an adaptive air valve device for ventilation in high-altitude tunnels, comprising an air valve body, a first wind speed sensor, a second wind speed sensor, an air density sensor, an altitude air pressure sensor, a drive adjustment system, and an intelligent control unit; The air valve body is installed inside the ventilation duct of the target tunnel; The first wind speed sensor is used to collect the original airflow wind speed upstream of the air inlet side of the air valve body; the second wind speed sensor is used to collect the actual wind speed downstream of the air outlet side of the air valve body; the air density sensor is used to collect air density data inside the target tunnel; the altitude and air pressure sensor is used to collect the ambient air pressure inside the target tunnel. The drive adjustment system is used to adjust the opening degree of the air valve body based on the air valve control command or the air valve fine-tuning command. The intelligent control unit is used to generate air valve control commands based on the original airflow velocity upstream of the air inlet side of the air valve body, the air density data in the target tunnel, and the ambient air pressure in the target tunnel; it is also used to generate air valve fine-tuning commands based on the original airflow velocity upstream of the air inlet side of the air valve body and the actual wind speed downstream of the air outlet side of the air valve body.

[0008] Furthermore, the valve body includes a valve body, a blade shaft, and a blade assembly; A rectangular cross-section air duct is provided in the middle of the valve body; the blade shaft is rotatably installed in the valve body, and one end of the blade shaft extends to the outside of the valve body; wherein, the extended end of the blade shaft is used to connect to the drive adjustment system; The blade assembly is disposed within the rectangular cross-section air duct and mounted on the blade shaft.

[0009] Furthermore, the blade assembly includes two square blades, which are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the blade shaft.

[0010] Furthermore, the drive adjustment system includes a drive motor and a reduction gearbox; The output end of the drive motor is connected to the input end of the reduction gearbox, and the output end of the reduction gearbox is connected to the extension end of the blade shaft; wherein, the control end of the drive motor is connected to the output end of the intelligent control unit.

[0011] Furthermore, both the first and second wind speed sensors are impeller-type wind speed sensors.

[0012] Furthermore, the process of generating air valve control commands based on the original airflow velocity upstream of the air inlet side of the air valve body, the air density data inside the target tunnel, and the ambient air pressure inside the target tunnel is as follows: Based on the air density data and ambient air pressure inside the target tunnel, the target air volume of the target tunnel is calculated using a preset altitude-air density-demand air volume calculation model. The target control air velocity of the air valve body is calculated based on the target air volume required for the target tunnel. The target control wind speed of the damper body is compared with the original airflow wind speed upstream of the damper body's air inlet side to generate a damper control command.

[0013] Furthermore, the preset altitude-air density-required airflow calculation model is as follows:

[0014] in, The target air volume required for the target tunnel; The required air volume for tunnel ventilation and smoke extraction foundation under the condition of 0m altitude; The standard air density at an altitude of 0m; It is a standard large enterprise at an altitude of 0m; The data pertains to the air density inside the target tunnel. The ambient air pressure inside the target tunnel; The process of calculating the target control air velocity of the air valve body based on the target air volume required for the target tunnel is as follows:

[0015] in, The target control wind speed for the damper body; This refers to the effective ventilation cross-sectional area of ​​the damper body.

[0016] Furthermore, the process of generating a fine-tuning command for the damper based on the original airflow velocity upstream of the damper's inlet side and the actual airflow velocity downstream of the damper's outlet side is as follows: The actual wind speed difference is calculated based on the original airflow velocity upstream of the air inlet side of the damper body and the actual wind speed downstream of the air outlet side of the damper body. The actual wind speed difference is compared with the target control wind speed of the air valve body to obtain the wind speed control deviation. Based on the wind speed control deviation, generate air valve fine-tuning instructions.

[0017] Furthermore, the surface of the square blade is coated with polytetrafluoroethylene.

[0018] The present invention also provides a method for operating an adaptive air valve device for ventilation in high-altitude tunnels, comprising: Install the air valve body inside the ventilation duct of the target tunnel; The original airflow velocity upstream of the air inlet side of the air valve body is collected using the first wind speed sensor; the air density data inside the target tunnel is collected using the air density sensor; and the ambient air pressure inside the target tunnel is collected using the altitude and air pressure sensor. The intelligent control unit generates air valve control commands based on the original airflow velocity upstream of the air inlet side of the air valve body, the air density data in the target tunnel, and the ambient air pressure in the target tunnel. The opening degree of the air valve body is adjusted by using a drive adjustment system based on the air valve control command; The actual wind speed downstream of the air outlet side of the air valve body is collected using the second wind speed sensor; The intelligent control unit generates a fine-tuning command for the air valve based on the original airflow velocity upstream of the air inlet side of the air valve body and the actual airflow velocity downstream of the air outlet side of the air valve body. The opening degree of the air valve body is adjusted by using the drive adjustment system based on the air valve fine-tuning command.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The adaptive air valve device for high-altitude tunnel ventilation provided by this invention accurately collects the original wind speed on the inlet side, the air density inside the tunnel, and the ambient air pressure through a first wind speed sensor, an air density sensor, and an altitude and air pressure sensor. An intelligent control unit then generates air valve control commands to ensure that the opening degree of the air valve body can adapt to the airflow characteristics in a high-altitude environment. This effectively solves the problems of existing air valves being unable to dynamically adjust according to high-altitude environmental parameters and having low ventilation efficiency. Furthermore, based on the actual wind speed collected on the outlet side by a second wind speed sensor, a comparison feedback is formed with the original wind speed on the inlet side. The intelligent control unit generates fine-tuning commands, which correct the air valve opening through a drive adjustment system. This achieves adaptive closed-loop control of the air valve adjustment, effectively improving the stability and accuracy of tunnel ventilation, ensuring that the ventilation effect of high-altitude tunnels meets design requirements, while reducing the energy consumption of air valve adjustment and improving the reliability and practicality of the device operation.

[0020] The present invention provides a method for operating an adaptive air valve device for ventilation in high-altitude tunnels, which possesses all the advantages of the aforementioned adaptive air valve device for ventilation in high-altitude tunnels. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of the adaptive air valve device for high-altitude tunnel ventilation provided in the embodiment; Figure 2 A side view of the adaptive air valve device for high-altitude tunnel ventilation provided in the embodiment; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the drive adjustment system in the embodiment; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of the adaptive air valve device for high-altitude tunnel ventilation provided in the embodiment.

[0022] The components include: 1. Valve body; 2. Blade shaft; 3. Blade assembly; 4. First wind speed sensor; 5. Second wind speed sensor; 6. Air density sensor; 7. Altitude and air pressure sensor; 8. Drive motor; 9. Reduction gearbox; and 10. Fixed bracket. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To make the technical problems solved by the present invention, the technical solutions, and the beneficial effects clearer, the following specific embodiments provide a further detailed description of the present invention. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0024] This invention provides an adaptive air valve device for ventilation in high-altitude tunnels, comprising an air valve body, a first wind speed sensor 4, a second wind speed sensor 5, an air density sensor 6, an altitude and air pressure sensor 7, a drive adjustment system, and an intelligent control unit. The air valve body is installed inside the ventilation duct of the target tunnel. The first wind speed sensor 4 is used to collect the original airflow speed upstream of the air inlet side of the air valve body. The second wind speed sensor 5 is used to collect the actual wind speed downstream of the air outlet side of the air valve body. The air density sensor 6 is used to collect air density data within the target tunnel. The altitude and air pressure sensor 7 is used to collect the ambient air pressure within the target tunnel. The drive adjustment system is used to adjust the opening degree of the air valve body based on air valve control commands or air valve fine-tuning commands. The intelligent control unit is used to generate air valve control commands based on the original airflow speed upstream of the air inlet side of the air valve body, the air density data within the target tunnel, and the ambient air pressure within the target tunnel; it is also used to generate air valve fine-tuning commands based on the original airflow speed upstream of the air inlet side of the air valve body and the actual wind speed downstream of the air outlet side of the air valve body.

[0025] In the above embodiments, the original airflow velocity on the inlet side and the actual airflow velocity on the outlet side of the air valve are obtained by the first wind speed sensor and the second wind speed sensor, respectively. The air density sensor and the altitude and air pressure sensor are used to collect the air density data and the ambient air pressure in the target tunnel, respectively. The intelligent control unit generates basic air valve control commands based on the air density, ambient air pressure and the original airflow velocity on the inlet side, realizing source compensation for the reduction of air density and the attenuation of wind pressure in high-altitude environments. Then, combined with the wind speed difference between the inlet and outlet sides, fine-tuning commands are generated. The air valve opening is precisely controlled by the drive adjustment system, which effectively makes up for the defect of conventional air valves that cannot adapt to altitude and wind pressure fluctuations. It significantly improves the accuracy and response speed of air valve adjustment, can stably control the smoke exhaust wind speed in the tunnel, avoid the problem of excessive wind speed fluctuations, and ensure that sufficient smoke exhaust wind speed can be maintained even when the fan output power remains unchanged. In emergency situations such as fires, smoke and toxic and harmful gases can be quickly discharged, ensuring the safety of trapped personnel and the smooth conduct of emergency rescue. It effectively meets the needs of stable operation of ventilation and smoke exhaust systems in high-altitude tunnels and provides reliable protection for the safe operation of plateau transportation lines.

[0026] The following specific embodiments further explain the adaptive air valve device for high-altitude tunnel ventilation provided by the present invention: Example As attached Figure 1-3 As shown, this embodiment provides an adaptive air valve device for ventilation in high-altitude tunnels, including an air valve body, a first wind speed sensor 4, a second wind speed sensor 5, an air density sensor 6, an altitude and air pressure sensor 7, a drive adjustment system, and an intelligent control unit. The air valve body is installed inside the ventilation duct of the target tunnel. The first wind speed sensor 4, the second wind speed sensor 5, the air density sensor 6, the altitude and air pressure sensor 7, the drive adjustment system, and the intelligent control unit are all installed on the air valve body. The output terminals of the first wind speed sensor 4, the second wind speed sensor 5, the air density sensor 6, and the altitude and air pressure sensor 7 are all connected to the input terminal of the intelligent control unit. The output terminal of the intelligent control unit is connected to the control terminal of the drive adjustment system, and the output terminal of the drive adjustment system is connected to the air valve body.

[0027] In this embodiment, the valve body includes a valve body 1, a blade shaft 2, and a blade assembly 3; a rectangular cross-section air duct is provided in the middle of the valve body 1; the blade shaft 2 is rotatably installed in the valve body 1, and one end of the blade shaft 2 extends to the outside of the valve body 1; wherein, the extended end of the blade shaft 2 is used to connect to the drive adjustment system.

[0028] The blade assembly 3 is disposed within the rectangular cross-section air duct and mounted on the blade shaft 2; wherein, the blade assembly 3 includes two square blades, which are symmetrically disposed on both sides of the blade shaft 2; preferably, the surface of the square blades is coated with polytetrafluoroethylene.

[0029] It should be noted that the valve body, as the core structure for airflow passage and cutoff in the ventilation duct, is made of Q355ND low-temperature resistant steel. It has a rectangular cross-section air duct inside, which can adapt to the standard smoke exhaust duct size (such as 800×600mm) and withstand a low temperature environment of -30℃. The blade group 3 includes two sets of 5mm thick square blades arranged in parallel inside the valve body 1. The surface of the square blades is coated with a polytetrafluoroethylene low-resistance coating to significantly reduce the frictional resistance when the airflow passes through.

[0030] In this embodiment, the first wind speed sensor 4 is used to collect the original airflow wind speed upstream of the air inlet side of the air valve body; the second wind speed sensor 5 is used to collect the actual wind speed downstream of the air outlet side of the air valve body; preferably, both the first wind speed sensor 4 and the second wind speed sensor 5 are impeller-type wind speed sensors.

[0031] Specifically, the first wind speed sensor 4 and the second wind speed sensor 5 are mounted on the upstream of the air inlet side and the downstream of the air outlet side of the valve body 1 via a fixing bracket 10. Specifically, the fixing bracket 10 is fixedly mounted on the top of the valve body 1, and the axis of the fixing bracket 10 is parallel to the centerline of the valve body 1. The first end of the fixing bracket 10 extends to a predetermined upstream position on the air inlet side of the valve body 1, and the second end of the fixing bracket 10 extends to a predetermined downstream position on the air outlet side of the valve body 1. Preferably, the predetermined upstream position on the air inlet side is 30cm upstream of the air inlet side, and the predetermined downstream position on the air outlet side is 30cm downstream of the air outlet side. The first wind speed sensor 4 is mounted on the first end of the fixing bracket 10, and the second wind speed sensor 5 is mounted on the second end of the fixing bracket 10.

[0032] The air density sensor 6 and the altitude pressure sensor 7 are both installed on the top of the valve body 1; wherein, the air density sensor 6 is used to collect air density data in the target tunnel; and the altitude pressure sensor 7 is used to collect ambient air pressure in the target tunnel.

[0033] The drive adjustment system is used to adjust the opening degree of the air valve body based on the air valve control command or air valve fine-tuning command. Specifically, the drive adjustment system is the power source for the air valve opening, including a drive motor 8 and a reduction gearbox 9. The output end of the drive motor 8 is connected to the input end of the reduction gearbox 9, and the output end of the reduction gearbox 9 is connected to the extension end of the blade shaft 2. The control end of the drive motor 8 is connected to the output end of the intelligent control unit. Preferably, the drive motor 8 is a DC servo motor with a power of 0.75kW and an IP65 high-altitude insulation rating. Its output shaft is connected to and drives the blade shaft 2 through the reduction gearbox, thereby driving the blade assembly 3 to achieve stepless adjustment within the range of 0°-90°. The adjustment accuracy can reach ±1° to accurately control the ventilation cross section.

[0034] In this embodiment, the intelligent control unit is used to generate air valve control commands based on the original airflow velocity upstream of the air inlet side of the air valve body, the air density data in the target tunnel, and the ambient air pressure in the target tunnel; it is also used to generate air valve fine-tuning commands based on the original airflow velocity upstream of the air inlet side of the air valve body and the actual wind speed downstream of the air outlet side of the air valve body.

[0035] It should be noted that the intelligent control unit is electrically connected to all sensors and the drive motor 8. It has a built-in altitude-air density-demand air volume calculation model, which can process sensor signals in real time and send instructions to the drive adjustment system accordingly to dynamically adjust the blade opening, and finally stabilize the fluctuation of the exhaust air velocity within ±5% of the set value.

[0036] The explanatory process of generating air valve control commands based on the original airflow velocity upstream of the air inlet side of the air valve body, the air density data inside the target tunnel, and the ambient air pressure inside the target tunnel is as follows: (11) Based on the air density data and ambient air pressure inside the target tunnel, the target air volume required for the target tunnel is calculated using a preset altitude-air density-demand air volume calculation model; wherein, the preset altitude-air density-demand air volume calculation model is as follows:

[0037] in, The target air volume required for the target tunnel; The required air volume for tunnel ventilation and smoke extraction foundation under the condition of 0m altitude; The standard air density at an altitude of 0m; It is a standard large enterprise at an altitude of 0m; The data pertains to the air density inside the target tunnel. The ambient air pressure inside the target tunnel.

[0038] (12) The target control velocity of the air valve body is calculated based on the target air volume required by the target tunnel; the process of calculating the target control velocity of the air valve body based on the target air volume required by the target tunnel is as follows:

[0039] in, The target control wind speed for the damper body; This refers to the effective ventilation cross-sectional area of ​​the damper body.

[0040] (13) Compare the target control wind speed of the air valve body with the original airflow wind speed upstream of the air inlet side of the air valve body to generate the air valve control command.

[0041] Explanatory: Based on the original airflow velocity upstream of the air inlet side of the damper body and the actual airflow velocity downstream of the air outlet side of the damper body, the damper fine-tuning command is generated. (21) The difference in actual air velocity is calculated based on the original airflow velocity upstream of the air inlet side of the air valve body and the actual air velocity downstream of the air outlet side of the air valve body.

[0042] (22) Compare the actual wind speed difference with the target control wind speed of the air valve body to obtain the wind speed control deviation.

[0043] (23) Generate a fine-tuning command for the air valve based on the wind speed control deviation.

[0044] The adaptive air valve device for high-altitude tunnel ventilation described in this embodiment integrates an altitude pressure sensor, an air density sensor, and a wind speed sensor into a multi-parameter sensing group, which is linked with an intelligent control unit to calculate in real time the optimal opening of the air valve required to maintain a stable smoke exhaust velocity under the current altitude environment, thereby driving the actuator to perform precise compensation and adjustment. In this invention, the air valve can actively adapt to altitude changes and stably control the fluctuation of the smoke exhaust velocity within a ±5% error range, providing a stable, reliable, and adaptive ventilation and smoke exhaust solution for high-altitude tunnels.

[0045] As attached Figure 4 As shown, the operating method of the adaptive air valve device for high-altitude tunnel ventilation provided in this embodiment includes: Step 1: Install the air valve body inside the ventilation duct of the target tunnel; Step 2: Use the first wind speed sensor 4 to collect the original airflow wind speed upstream of the air inlet side of the air valve body; use the air density sensor 6 to collect the air density data inside the target tunnel; use the altitude and pressure sensor 7 to collect the ambient air pressure inside the target tunnel. Step 3: Using the intelligent control unit, generate air valve control commands based on the original airflow velocity upstream of the air inlet side of the air valve body, the air density data in the target tunnel, and the ambient air pressure in the target tunnel.

[0046] Step 4: Use the drive adjustment system to adjust the opening degree of the air valve body based on the air valve control command.

[0047] Step 5: Use the second wind speed sensor 5 to collect the actual wind speed downstream of the air outlet side of the air valve body.

[0048] Step 6: Using the intelligent control unit, generate a fine-tuning command for the air valve based on the original airflow velocity upstream of the air inlet side of the air valve body and the actual airflow velocity downstream of the air outlet side of the air valve body.

[0049] Step 7: Use the drive adjustment system to adjust the opening degree of the air valve body based on the air valve fine-tuning command.

[0050] Working process and principle: The adaptive air valve starts working after the system is powered on; the first air inlet side wind speed sensor 4, located 30cm upstream of the air inlet side of the valve body, as well as the altitude air pressure sensor 7 and air density sensor 6 integrated with the valve body 1, are activated first to collect the original airflow wind speed, ambient air pressure and air density data in the tunnel in real time, and transmit the collected data as a reference input signal to the intelligent control unit.

[0051] Subsequently, the preset altitude-air density-required air volume calculation model inside the intelligent control unit performs real-time calculations on the received multi-parameter signals, generates air valve control commands, and sends them to the drive adjustment system. In the drive adjustment system, the drive motor 8 obtains power through the motor power interface and starts working after receiving the air valve control command. Its power is transmitted through the reduction gearbox 9, driving the blade shaft 2 to rotate precisely, thereby driving the blade group 3 to adjust to the optimal opening angle calculated by the algorithm to compensate for the wind pressure loss at the current altitude.

[0052] Next, the airflow passes through the valve body 1 after being regulated by the blade group 3. The second outlet-side wind speed sensor 5, located 30cm downstream of the outlet side of the valve body 1, immediately monitors the actual wind speed after regulation and feeds back this verification data to the intelligent control unit. The wind speed data on the inlet and outlet sides are compared with the calculated expectation. If there is a deviation, the valve fine-tuning command is issued again to form a closed-loop feedback control to ensure that the exhaust wind speed is stably controlled within ±5% of the set value.

[0053] It is worth noting that throughout the entire operation, valve body 1 is securely installed in the ventilation duct of the target tunnel; both the first wind speed sensor 4 and the second wind speed sensor 5 are impeller-type wind speed sensors. Due to their durability, impeller-type wind speed sensors can withstand the long-term scouring of dusty airflow in high-altitude tunnels, ensuring the continuous reliability of data; the drive adjustment system consisting of drive motor 8 and reduction gearbox 9 provides high-precision angle control, while the intelligent control unit ensures the overall adaptive intelligent adjustment of the air valve; through the above working method, the air valve achieves automatic sensing and dynamic compensation of the high-altitude environment, effectively solving the problem of unstable smoke exhaust efficiency caused by changes in air density in traditional air valves.

[0054] The adaptive air valve device for high-altitude tunnel ventilation described in this invention can effectively compensate for the wind pressure loss caused by the thin air at high altitudes, significantly improving the stability and reliability of the ventilation and smoke exhaust system in high-altitude tunnels. Specifically, a first wind speed sensor, an air density sensor, and an altitude and air pressure sensor accurately collect the original wind speed on the inlet side, the air density inside the tunnel, and the ambient air pressure. An intelligent control unit then generates air valve control commands to ensure that the opening degree of the air valve body can adapt to the airflow characteristics in a high-altitude environment. Based on the actual wind speed on the outlet side collected by a second wind speed sensor, a comparison feedback is formed with the original wind speed on the inlet side. The intelligent control unit then generates fine-tuning commands, which drive the adjustment system to correct the air valve opening, achieving adaptive closed-loop control of the air valve adjustment.

[0055] The above embodiments are merely one of the implementation methods for achieving the technical solution of the present invention. The scope of protection claimed by the present invention is not limited to this embodiment, but also includes any variations, substitutions and other implementation methods that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention.

Claims

1. An adaptive air valve device for ventilation in high-altitude tunnels, characterized in that, It includes the air valve body, the first wind speed sensor (4), the second wind speed sensor (5), the air density sensor (6), the altitude and air pressure sensor (7), the drive adjustment system, and the intelligent control unit; The air valve body is installed inside the ventilation duct of the target tunnel; The first wind speed sensor (4) is used to collect the original airflow wind speed upstream of the air inlet side of the air valve body; the second wind speed sensor (5) is used to collect the actual wind speed downstream of the air outlet side of the air valve body; the air density sensor (6) is used to collect air density data in the target tunnel; the altitude pressure sensor (7) is used to collect the ambient air pressure in the target tunnel. The drive adjustment system is used to adjust the opening degree of the air valve body based on the air valve control command or the air valve fine-tuning command. The intelligent control unit is used to generate air valve control commands based on the original airflow velocity upstream of the air inlet side of the air valve body, the air density data in the target tunnel, and the ambient air pressure in the target tunnel; it is also used to generate air valve fine-tuning commands based on the original airflow velocity upstream of the air inlet side of the air valve body and the actual wind speed downstream of the air outlet side of the air valve body.

2. The adaptive air valve device for high-altitude tunnel ventilation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The valve body includes a valve body (1), a blade shaft (2), and a blade assembly (3). A rectangular cross-section air duct is provided in the middle of the valve body (1); the blade shaft (2) is rotatably installed in the valve body (1), and one end of the blade shaft (2) extends to the outside of the valve body (1); wherein, the extended end of the blade shaft (2) is used to connect to the drive adjustment system. The blade assembly (3) is disposed within the rectangular cross-section air duct and mounted on the blade shaft (2).

3. The adaptive air valve device for high-altitude tunnel ventilation according to claim 2, characterized in that, The blade assembly (3) includes two square blades, which are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the blade shaft (2).

4. The adaptive air valve device for high-altitude tunnel ventilation according to claim 2, characterized in that, The drive adjustment system includes a drive motor (8) and a reduction gearbox (9). The output end of the drive motor (8) is connected to the input end of the reduction gearbox (9), and the output end of the reduction gearbox (9) is connected to the extension end of the blade shaft (2); wherein, the control end of the drive motor (8) is connected to the output end of the intelligent control unit.

5. The adaptive air valve device for high-altitude tunnel ventilation according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the first wind speed sensor (4) and the second wind speed sensor (5) are impeller-type wind speed sensors.

6. The adaptive air valve device for high-altitude tunnel ventilation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of generating air valve control commands based on the original airflow velocity upstream of the air inlet side of the air valve body, the air density data inside the target tunnel, and the ambient air pressure inside the target tunnel is as follows: Based on the air density data and ambient air pressure inside the target tunnel, the target air volume of the target tunnel is calculated using a preset altitude-air density-demand air volume calculation model. The target control air velocity of the air valve body is calculated based on the target air volume required for the target tunnel. The target control wind speed of the damper body is compared with the original airflow wind speed upstream of the damper body's air inlet side to generate a damper control command.

7. An adaptive air valve device for high-altitude tunnel ventilation according to claim 6, characterized in that, The preset altitude-air density-required airflow calculation model is as follows: in, The target air volume required for the target tunnel; The required air volume for tunnel ventilation and smoke extraction foundation under the condition of 0m altitude; The standard air density at an altitude of 0m; It is a standard large enterprise with an altitude of 0m; The data pertains to the air density inside the target tunnel. The ambient air pressure inside the target tunnel; The process of calculating the target control air velocity of the air valve body based on the target air volume required for the target tunnel is as follows: in, The target control wind speed for the damper body; This refers to the effective ventilation cross-sectional area of ​​the damper body.

8. An adaptive air valve device for high-altitude tunnel ventilation according to claim 6, characterized in that, The process of generating a fine-tuning command for the damper based on the original airflow velocity upstream of the inlet side of the damper body and the actual airflow velocity downstream of the outlet side of the damper body is as follows: The actual wind speed difference is calculated based on the original airflow velocity upstream of the air inlet side of the damper body and the actual wind speed downstream of the air outlet side of the damper body. The actual wind speed difference is compared with the target control wind speed of the air valve body to obtain the wind speed control deviation. Based on the wind speed control deviation, generate air valve fine-tuning instructions.

9. An adaptive air valve device for high-altitude tunnel ventilation according to claim 3, characterized in that, The surface of the square blade is coated with polytetrafluoroethylene.

10. The operating method of the adaptive air valve device for high-altitude tunnel ventilation as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, include: Install the air valve body inside the ventilation duct of the target tunnel; The original airflow velocity upstream of the air inlet side of the air valve body is collected using the first wind speed sensor (4); Air density data inside the target tunnel was collected using an air density sensor (6); ambient air pressure inside the target tunnel was collected using an altitude air pressure sensor (7); The intelligent control unit generates air valve control commands based on the original airflow velocity upstream of the air inlet side of the air valve body, the air density data in the target tunnel, and the ambient air pressure in the target tunnel. The opening degree of the air valve body is adjusted by using a drive adjustment system based on the air valve control command; The actual wind speed downstream of the air outlet side of the air valve body is collected using the second wind speed sensor (5); The intelligent control unit generates a fine-tuning command for the air valve based on the original airflow velocity upstream of the air inlet side of the air valve body and the actual airflow velocity downstream of the air outlet side of the air valve body. The opening degree of the air valve body is adjusted by using the drive adjustment system based on the air valve fine-tuning command.

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