A fresh-keeping and energy-saving refrigeration method and system for pleurotus eryngii

Abstract

The application discloses a fresh-keeping and energy-saving refrigeration method and system for pleurotus eryngii, and belongs to the field of edible mushroom postharvest preservation and cold chain environment control, and is used for solving the problem that the warehouse temperature, relative humidity, air exchange, defrosting and gas environment in the package cannot be cooperatively controlled in the precooling, temporary storage and refrigeration process before transportation. The application collects basic data such as mushroom temperature, warehouse temperature, relative humidity, air exchange amount, air volume, door opening event and oxygen and carbon dioxide concentration in the package by taking the warehouse batch as an index, identifies the refrigeration stage, calculates the temperature drop speed and the wet load state based on the collected data, forms the stage state result, jointly determines the refrigeration power, the fan rotating speed, the air exchange valve opening degree and the stage set value, executes the defrosting constrained by the temperature rise when the condensate water or the frost layer state meets the triggering condition, and controls the environment deviation according to the defrosting, so that the fresh-keeping environment and the refrigeration energy consumption are coordinated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of post-harvest preservation and cold chain environmental control of edible fungi, and in particular to a method and system for energy-saving cold storage of king oyster mushrooms. Background Technology

[0002] King oyster mushrooms have a high moisture content and significant respiration after harvesting. Existing cold storage facilities typically use fixed temperature settings combined with independent humidity, ventilation, and defrosting controls. The cold storage process requires switching control parameters between pre-cooling, temporary storage, and pre-transport stages.

[0003] In existing technologies, storage temperature and relative humidity are often regulated separately, without combining batch temperature drop rate with moisture load for control. After door opening disturbances occur, the correction of ventilation volume and fan speed is not timely, which can easily lead to surface water loss, condensation accumulation, or browning of mushrooms.

[0004] Some refrigeration equipment defrosts at fixed intervals, which cannot reflect the actual state of condensate and frost. The temperature rise during defrosting and the recovery process of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the packaging after defrosting lack constraints, resulting in fluctuations in preservation quality and high unit energy consumption.

[0005] Therefore, there is a need for a method and system for preserving and refrigerating king oyster mushrooms that can overcome the shortcomings of the existing technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0006] One objective of this invention is to propose a method and system for energy-saving cold storage of king oyster mushrooms. Addressing the issues of high moisture content, significant respiration, and the interplay of cold chain environmental variables after harvesting, the invention establishes a control process based on batch indexing upon entry into storage, including data collection, stage identification, collaborative control, state-triggered defrosting, and post-defrosting recovery. Temperature drop rate and moisture load are considered as joint control inputs, and door opening disturbances, packaging gas constraints, and unit energy consumption constraints are incorporated into the control chain. This allows for differentiated refrigeration, airflow, and ventilation linkage strategies during pre-cooling, temporary storage, and pre-transport cold storage stages.

[0007] This invention provides a method for energy-saving cold storage of king oyster mushrooms, comprising: S1, collecting mushroom body temperature, storage temperature, relative humidity, ventilation volume, air volume, door opening event, and oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations inside the packaging, indexed by the batch of mushrooms entering the storage, to form batch cold storage data; S2, identifying pre-cooling, temporary storage, and pre-transport cold storage states based on the batch cold storage data, and calculating the temperature drop state and humidity load state corresponding to each state, to form stage state results; S3, combining the stage state results with the door opening event to form a joint control input, and determining the refrigeration power, fan speed, and ventilation valve based on the joint control input and according to the allowable range of oxygen and carbon dioxide inside the packaging. S4. Based on the batch refrigeration data, identify the condensate or frost state. When the condensate or frost state meets the defrosting trigger condition, execute defrosting and implement temperature rise constraints based on the temperature change during defrosting to form a defrosting state result. S5. After defrosting, based on the deviation of the storage temperature, relative humidity, and oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations in the packaging from the allowable range, restore the refrigeration control command and adjust the refrigeration execution equipment and packaging gas environment. At the same time, update the stage setting value based on the unit energy consumption constraint and use the updated stage setting value to regenerate and execute the refrigeration control command.

[0008] Optionally, S1 includes: A batch identifier and time sequence are established for each batch entering the warehouse. The temperature of the mushroom is collected using a temperature sensor placed on the surface or inside the mushroom. The temperature and relative humidity of the warehouse are collected using a temperature and humidity sensor inside the warehouse. The ventilation volume and air volume are collected using a duct sensor. The door opening event is recorded using a door magnetic sensor. The oxygen concentration and carbon dioxide concentration inside the packaging are collected using a packaging gas sensor. Each collected value is associated with the collection time and written into the batch refrigeration data. Furthermore, when any sensor output is missing or exceeds the preset measurement range, it is determined to be an abnormal acquisition. Valid data from adjacent sampling times in the same batch are used for marking and interpolation, and the interpolation mark is written into the batch refrigeration data. When the door opening duration reaches the preset door opening duration threshold or the number of door openings reaches the preset door opening number threshold, and the condensate status reaches the corresponding trigger threshold, defrosting control under temperature rise constraint is executed first. After defrosting is completed, ventilation and fan control are restarted according to the packaging gas recovery threshold.

[0009] Optionally, S2 includes: The temperature drop rate is calculated based on the temperature difference of the mushroom body between consecutive sampling times and the sampling time interval. The wet load status is calculated based on the relative humidity in the storage, the amount of water replenishment collected by the water replenishment metering sensor and associated with the batch refrigeration data, and the condensate detection results. The temperature drop rate and wet load status are compared with the preset stage discrimination threshold to output the refrigeration status before pre-cooling, temporary storage or transportation and the corresponding stage status results.

[0010] Optionally, S3 includes: The temperature drop state and the wet load state are normalized according to the preset upper and lower limits, and then combined into a joint control quantity according to the preset weights. The duration and number of times the door opens corresponding to the door opening event are used as correction values ​​to correct the joint control quantity; Based on the revised joint control quantity, the allowable range of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the packaging, and the stage set value, the refrigeration power, fan speed, and ventilation valve opening are determined respectively. Furthermore, the unit energy consumption constraint includes: using the ratio of unit batch power consumption to batch refrigeration time collected by the power metering module of the refrigeration execution equipment and associated with the batch of goods entering the warehouse as the unit energy consumption index, and recalculating the unit energy consumption index after the stage state result change or the door opening event occurs. When the unit energy consumption index reaches the preset energy consumption limit, the fan speed is reduced or the opening of the ventilation valve is reduced according to the priority order of temperature rise constraint and packaging gas recovery constraint, while the ventilation volume required to keep the oxygen and carbon dioxide concentration in the packaging within the allowable range is retained.

[0011] Optionally, S4 includes: The condensate status is determined based on the mushroom surface temperature, the dew point temperature inside the storage room, and the output of the condensate sensor; the frost status is determined based on the evaporator surface temperature, pressure difference, and the output of the frost sensor. When the condensate level or frost level continuously reaches the trigger threshold corresponding to the preset trigger duration, defrosting is initiated, and the temperature rise during defrosting is limited to the preset upper limit.

[0012] Optionally, S5 includes: After defrosting, the warehouse temperature, relative humidity, oxygen concentration and carbon dioxide concentration inside the packaging are compared with their respective allowable ranges to obtain temperature deviation, humidity deviation and packaging gas deviation. When the temperature deviation, humidity deviation, and packaging gas deviation all reach the corresponding recovery threshold, the refrigeration control command is restored. When any deviation exceeds the corresponding recovery threshold, the fan speed and ventilation valve opening determined according to the corrected joint control quantity are maintained or adjusted until the temperature deviation, humidity deviation, and packaging gas deviation all reach the corresponding recovery threshold. When the packaging gas deviation first enters the allowable range, but the temperature deviation or humidity deviation still exceeds the corresponding recovery threshold, continue to adjust the refrigeration power and fan speed according to the temperature deviation or humidity deviation; Furthermore, the adjustment of the packaging gas environment includes: comparing the oxygen concentration and carbon dioxide concentration inside the packaging with the upper and lower limits of the allowable range, respectively; and opening the packaging ventilation channel when the oxygen concentration is lower than the lower limit of oxygen and the carbon dioxide concentration is not lower than the lower limit of carbon dioxide, or when the oxygen concentration is not lower than the lower limit of oxygen and the carbon dioxide concentration is higher than the upper limit of carbon dioxide. The packaging ventilation channel is closed when the oxygen concentration is higher than the upper limit of oxygen and the carbon dioxide concentration is not higher than the upper limit of carbon dioxide, or when the oxygen concentration is not higher than the upper limit of oxygen and the carbon dioxide concentration is lower than the lower limit of carbon dioxide. If the combination does not fall under the above categories, maintain the current state of the packaging ventilation channel and record the ventilation action and corresponding gas concentration in the batch refrigeration data.

[0013] On the other hand, the present invention also provides an energy-saving refrigeration system for preserving king oyster mushrooms, comprising: The data acquisition module collects mushroom body temperature, storage temperature, relative humidity, ventilation volume, air volume, door opening events, and oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations inside the packaging to generate batch refrigeration data. The water replenishment metering module collects the water replenishment amount and associates it with the batch refrigeration data. The energy metering module collects the energy consumption per unit batch of the refrigeration equipment and associates it with the incoming batch. The status recognition module identifies the pre-cooling, temporary storage, and pre-transport refrigeration status based on the batch refrigeration data and the water replenishment amount, calculates the temperature drop status and moisture load status, and outputs the results. The system comprises the following components: a stage status result module; a collaborative control module, used to generate refrigeration power, fan speed, ventilation valve opening, and stage setpoints based on the stage status result and door opening event, and to update the stage setpoints and regenerate refrigeration control commands based on unit energy consumption constraints; a defrosting execution module, used to perform defrosting based on condensate or frost conditions and apply temperature rise constraints; a packaging gas regulation module, used to adjust the packaging gas environment based on packaging gas deviations after defrosting; and a refrigeration execution device, used to execute the refrigeration power, fan speed, ventilation valve opening, stage setpoints, and updated refrigeration control commands.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. By using both batch temperature drop status and wet load status to determine refrigeration power, fan speed, ventilation valve opening and stage setpoints, temperature and humidity fluctuations caused by controlling only a fixed temperature can be reduced, thus lowering the risk of surface water loss and mushroom browning.

[0015] 2. By triggering defrosting with condensate or frost and applying defrosting temperature rise constraints, the timing of defrosting can be matched with the actual wet load, reducing ineffective energy consumption and temperature disturbance caused by timed defrosting.

[0016] 3. By restoring ventilation, fan and packaging gas regulation based on the deviation of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the packaging after defrosting, and updating the set value of the unit energy consumption constraint, the risk of condensate accumulation and microbial growth can be reduced and the energy consumption constraint of cold chain operation can be maintained. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the energy-saving cold storage method for preserving king oyster mushrooms according to the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 This is the S3 collaborative control flowchart of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These drawings are simplified schematic diagrams, illustrating only the basic structure of the invention, and therefore only show the components relevant to the invention.

[0020] refer to Figures 1-2 A method for energy-saving cold storage of king oyster mushrooms includes: S1, collecting mushroom body temperature, storage temperature, relative humidity, ventilation volume, air volume, door opening event, and oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations inside the packaging, indexed by the batch of mushrooms entering the storage, to form batch cold storage data; S2, identifying pre-cooling, temporary storage, and pre-transport cold storage states based on the batch cold storage data, and calculating the temperature drop state and humidity load state corresponding to each state, forming stage state results; S3, combining the stage state results with the door opening event to form a joint control input, and determining the refrigeration power, fan speed, ventilation valve opening degree, and other parameters based on the joint control input and according to the allowable range of oxygen and carbon dioxide inside the packaging. S4. Based on the batch refrigeration data, identify the condensate or frost state. When the condensate or frost state meets the defrosting trigger condition, execute defrosting and implement temperature rise constraints based on the temperature change during defrosting to form a defrosting state result. S5. After defrosting, based on the deviation of the storage temperature, relative humidity, and oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations in the packaging from the allowable range, restore the refrigeration control command and adjust the refrigeration execution equipment and packaging gas environment. At the same time, update the stage setting value based on the unit energy consumption constraint, and use the updated stage setting value to regenerate and execute the refrigeration control command.

[0021] In this specific embodiment, S1 includes: Data collection is performed using the warehousing batch as the smallest management object. An warehousing batch refers to a collection of king oyster mushrooms from the same harvest date, origin, and storage time period, all entering the same cold storage location. The controller generates a batch identifier when the king oyster mushrooms enter the storage. This batch identifier is linked to the storage time, storage location number, and serial number. The sampling period is... Set to 60 seconds, where This represents the time interval between two adjacent sampling moments. The controller assigns a timestamp to each sampling moment using a unified clock and establishes a time series according to the batch identifier and timestamp. For each batch of refrigerated products, three baskets of king oyster mushrooms located on the air inlet side, the middle side, and the air return side were selected as representative samples. Two mushrooms were selected from each basket. Temperature sensors were attached to the surface of the mushrooms and temperature probes were inserted into the center of the mushroom stems. The temperature of the mushrooms at the same sampling time was formed by the combined effective surface temperature and internal temperature of the mushrooms. The individual sampling values ​​and the averaged mushroom temperature were written into the batch refrigeration data. Temperature and humidity sensors are placed in the middle of the shelves, at the return air vents, and near the warehouse door to collect warehouse temperature and relative humidity. The warehouse temperature and relative humidity at the same sampling time are averaged from the effective sensor values, and the original values ​​of each measuring point are retained. The air duct sensors are installed in the ventilation duct and the circulating air duct to collect the air exchange volume and air volume, respectively. The air exchange volume represents the volume of air entering or leaving the refrigerated space through the ventilation valve per unit time, and the air volume represents the volume of air driven by the circulating fan through the air duct per unit time. The door magnetic sensor records the opening and closing times of the warehouse door. The opening event includes the opening status, the start and end times of the opening, the duration of the opening, and the number of openings within the statistical window. The duration of the opening is obtained by subtracting the opening time from the closing time in the same opening event. The number of openings is accumulated according to a 30-minute rolling statistical window. Three packages are randomly selected from each batch entering the warehouse and sealed sampling ports are set up. The packaging gas sensor collects the oxygen concentration and carbon dioxide concentration inside the package through the sampling port. The oxygen concentration and carbon dioxide concentration inside the package are expressed as volume fractions. The oxygen concentration and carbon dioxide concentration inside the package at the same sampling time are obtained by averaging the effective collection values ​​of the three packages, and the gas concentration at each point of the package is synchronously written into the batch refrigeration data. The data fields of batch refrigeration data include batch identifier, sampling time, mushroom body temperature, storage temperature, relative humidity, ventilation volume, air volume, door opening event, oxygen concentration inside the packaging, carbon dioxide concentration inside the packaging, condensate sensor output, data status flag, interpolation flag, priority defrosting flag, and ventilation fan restart flag; The preset measurement range is set to mushroom body temperature. to , storage temperature to Relative humidity 0% to 100%, air exchange rate to Air volume to Oxygen concentration inside the packaging to Carbon dioxide concentration inside the packaging to If any sensor fails to return a value, communication verification fails, or the output value exceeds the corresponding preset measurement range at the current sampling time, the controller determines the sensor's output at that sampling time as an abnormal acquisition and marks the data status as abnormal. For continuous acquisition values ​​such as mushroom body temperature, storage temperature, relative humidity, ventilation volume, air volume, oxygen concentration inside the packaging, and carbon dioxide concentration inside the packaging, the controller uses adjacent valid data from the same batch of goods entering the warehouse, the same sensor channel, and before and after the abnormal sampling time for linear interpolation. The interpolation model is as follows: ; in, This represents the continuously acquired values ​​that need to be interpolated. The batch identifier indicating the batch of goods entering the warehouse. This indicates the sampling sequence number where the acquisition anomaly occurred. Indicates the sample number in the same batch of goods entering the warehouse. Previous and distance from sampling number The most recent valid sample number, Indicates the sample number in the same batch of goods entering the warehouse. Then and the distance from the sampling sequence number The most recent valid sample number, The batch identifier is And the sampling sequence number is Sampling time, The batch identifier is And the sampling sequence number is Sampling time, The batch identifier is And the sampling sequence number is Sampling time, The batch identifier is And the sampling sequence number is The valid collected value, The batch identifier is And the sampling sequence number is The valid collected value, The batch identifier is And the sampling sequence number is The interpolated value, with the symbol * indicating that the value is not the original output of the sensor but the interpolated value; After interpolation is completed, the controller writes the interpolated value into the batch refrigeration data, sets the interpolation flag to 1, and retains the original abnormal records. When the collected value is the original valid data, the interpolation flag is set to 0. For the discrete quantity of door opening state, when the current and next adjacent valid door opening states are consistent, the consistent state is used for interpolation; when the current and next adjacent valid door opening states are inconsistent, the door opening state is used for interpolation and the sampling time is included in the door opening duration, so as to avoid missing door opening disturbances. When the same sensor channel fails to acquire adjacent valid data for two consecutive sampling cycles, the controller stops linear interpolation, uses the most recent valid acquisition value as a temporary hold value, writes the interpolation mark to 2, generates a sensor maintenance alarm, and records the alarm time in the batch refrigeration data. The preset door opening duration threshold is set to 180s, the preset door opening number threshold is set to 3 times within 30 minutes, and when the condensate sensor outputs a water state and maintains a water state for two consecutive sampling times, the condensate state is determined to have reached the corresponding trigger threshold. When the door opening duration reaches the preset door opening duration threshold or the number of door openings reaches the preset door opening number threshold, and the condensate status reaches the corresponding trigger threshold, the controller will write the priority defrost flag to 1, and write the flag together with the corresponding sampling time, door opening event and condensate sensor output into the batch refrigeration data. The defrost execution module will then perform defrost control under temperature rise constraints based on the priority defrost flag. The permissible range of oxygen concentration inside the packaging is set as follows: to The permissible range for carbon dioxide concentration inside the packaging is set to to The packaging gas recovery threshold is consistent with the above allowable range. After defrosting, the controller continues to collect the oxygen concentration and carbon dioxide concentration inside the packaging according to the batch identifier. When both reach the packaging gas recovery threshold, the ventilation fan restart flag is written to 1, and the latest packaging gas concentration, ventilation fan restart flag and corresponding sampling time are written into the batch refrigeration data for subsequent restart of ventilation and fan control.

[0022] In this specific embodiment, S2 includes: This is executed based on the batch refrigeration data generated in step S1 by the status identification module, which uses batch identifiers. and sampling sequence number Read the same batch of goods entering the warehouse at the sampling time The mushroom body temperature, relative humidity inside the storage, water replenishment amount, and condensate water sensor outputs are used. The mushroom body temperature is the average of the mushroom body temperature after the batch refrigeration data is written at the same sampling time in step S1. The water replenishment amount is collected by the water replenishment metering sensor and calculated to the current sampling period for every 100kg of king oyster mushrooms. The condensate water detection result is obtained by converting the output of the condensate water sensor. When the condensate water sensor output is in a water state, it is recorded as having condensate water. When the condensate water sensor output is in a waterless state, it is recorded as having no condensate water. The state recognition module first removes sampled values ​​marked as abnormal and with an interpolation mark of 2. Sampled values ​​with an interpolation mark of 1 are included in the calculation, but the interpolation source mark is retained in the stage state result. Continuous quantity calculation uses data from adjacent sampling times, and the time unit of the sampling times is uniformly converted to [missing information]. The rate of temperature drop and the wet load condition value are calculated according to the following formula: ; in, The batch identifier is And the sampling sequence number is The rate of temperature drop over time, in units of The batch identifier indicating the batch of goods entering the warehouse. Indicates the current sampling sequence number. This indicates the previous sample number of the current sample number. The batch identifier is And the sampling sequence number is The average temperature of the mushroom body after the time, symbol Indicates the mushroom body, The batch identifier is And the sampling sequence number is The average temperature of the mushroom body after the time, The batch identifier is And the sampling sequence number is Sampling time, The batch identifier is And the sampling sequence number is Sampling time, The batch identifier is And the sampling sequence number is The wet load condition value at that time, The batch identifier is And the sampling sequence number is The relative humidity inside the warehouse at that time, in units of The number 100 is used to convert the percentage of relative humidity in the warehouse into a dimensionless proportional value. The batch identifier is And the sampling sequence number is The corresponding water replenishment amount calculated per 100kg of king oyster mushrooms within the current sampling period, in units of... , This represents the normalized upper limit of the water replenishment amount calculated per 100 kg of king oyster mushrooms within a single sampling period, and its value is [value missing]. , Indicates in The smaller value between 1 and 1 is used; the number 1 represents the upper limit of the normalized term for water replenishment. The batch identifier is And the sampling sequence number is When the condensate detection result is displayed, the condensate sensor output indicates the presence of water. When the condensate sensor outputs a no-water status ,number 0.15 and 0.15 represent the fixed weights of the relative humidity, water replenishment, and condensate detection results in the wet load state value, respectively, and the sum of the three fixed weights is 1; The status recognition module uses the median of the five most recent valid temperature drop rates as the temperature drop status value. ,when When the temperature drops, it is recorded as a slow drop. When the temperature drops, it is recorded as a normal temperature drop. When the temperature drops, it is recorded as a rapid drop. The five most recent effective temperature drop rates refer to the five consecutive sampling numbers obtained and usable for calculation within the same batch of goods entering the warehouse, up to the current sampling number. value; The status recognition module will display the wet load status value. Compared with the preset wet load threshold, when When the wet load condition is recorded as low wet load, when When the wet load condition is recorded as medium wet load, when When the wet load condition is recorded as high wet load, when And when condensation is present at both consecutive sampling times, regardless of If the calculated value exceeds 0.78, the wet load condition will be corrected to high wet load. The status recognition module uses a three-state sequential discrimination structure to identify the pre-cooling, temporary storage and pre-transport refrigeration status. The three-state sequential discrimination structure includes a pre-cooling status node, a temporary storage status node and a pre-transport refrigeration status node, and sets a pre-cooling completion flag and a pre-transport refrigeration start flag. After the first batch of refrigeration data is written to the warehouse, the pre-cooling completion flag is set to 0, and the current stage is set to the pre-cooling status. When the average mushroom temperature And the temperature drop status value When the above two conditions are maintained for 10 consecutive sampling cycles, the precooling completion flag is set to 1. The status recognition module outputs the precooling status when the precooling completion flag is 0, and outputs the temporary storage status when the precooling completion flag is 1 and the pre-transport refrigeration start flag is 0. The management system writes the outbound plan time into the batch refrigerated data. ,in The batch identifier is The time when the batch is scheduled to be loaded onto a truck or transferred to the transportation stage, when the current sampling time... arrive 120 minutes earlier, the pre-transport refrigeration start flag was set to 1, and the status recognition module output the pre-transport refrigeration status when the pre-transport refrigeration start flag was 1. Under refrigerated conditions before transportation, the average temperature of the mushroom body... If the wet load condition is not high and is maintained for 5 consecutive sampling cycles, the pre-transport refrigeration state is subdivided and recorded as pre-transport refrigeration stable. If the above continuous maintenance condition is not met, the pre-transport refrigeration state is subdivided and recorded as pre-transport refrigeration pending stabilization. The subdivided record does not change the stage name of the pre-transport refrigeration state, but is only used as the control basis for generating refrigeration power, fan speed and ventilation valve opening in the subsequent step S3. The stage status results output by the status recognition module include batch identifiers. Sampling time Current stage name, pre-cooling completion marker, pre-transport refrigeration start marker, temperature drop rate Temperature drop status value Temperature drop status, wet load status value Moisture load condition, average mushroom body temperature relative humidity inside the warehouse Condensate test results The interpolation source marker is added, and the stage status result is written into the batch refrigeration data and then sent to the collaborative control module.

[0023] In this specific embodiment, S3 includes: The process is executed based on the stage status results output by the collaborative control module in step S2, and the collaborative control module uses batch identifiers. and sampling sequence number Read the current stage name and temperature drop status value. Wet load condition value The opening event, the oxygen concentration inside the packaging, and the carbon dioxide concentration inside the packaging are recorded as follows: ,in The value can be taken as pre-cooled state, temporary storage state, or refrigerated state before transportation; The collaborative control module uses a fixed-parameter weighted normalization model to generate the corrected joint control quantity. This fixed-parameter weighted normalization model consists of a temperature drop normalization term, a wet load normalization term, and a door opening event correction term, calculated as follows: , , , , ; in, The batch identifier is And the sampling sequence number is The normalized term for temperature drop at time, sign This indicates that the temperature has dropped. The batch identifier is And the sampling sequence number is The normalized term for the wet load at that time, with the symbol Indicates wet load, The batch identifier is And the sampling sequence number is Modifications for the door opening event at that time. The batch identifier is And the sampling sequence number is The corrected joint control quantity The batch identifier is And the sampling sequence number is Energy consumption per unit of time Represents the amplitude limiting function. This represents the input value of the limiting function, when Output 0 when Time output ,when The output is 1, where 0 and 1 represent the lower and upper bounds of the normalization result, respectively. Indicate steps The obtained temperature drop state value, in units of This represents the normalized lower bound of the temperature drop-off state value, and takes the value of... This represents the normalized upper bound of the temperature drop state value, and its value is [value missing]. This represents the wet load state value obtained in step S2. This represents the normalized lower limit of the wet load state value, and takes the value of This represents the normalized upper limit of the wet load state value, and its value is [value missing]. The batch identifier is And the sampling sequence number is The cumulative door opening duration in the most recent 30-minute scrolling statistics window, in seconds. This represents the normalized upper limit of the door opening duration, with a value of [value missing]. The batch identifier is And the sampling sequence number is The number of door openings in the scrolling statistics window over the last 30 minutes. This represents the normalized upper limit for the number of door openings, with a value of 3. The number 0.5 represents the fixed weight of the door opening duration and number of door openings in the door opening event correction term. 0.20 and 0.20 represent the fixed weights of the temperature drop normalization term, the wet load normalization term, and the door opening event correction term in the corrected joint control quantity, respectively. This represents the cumulative energy consumption of the current batch of king oyster mushrooms, collected by the energy metering module and calculated per 100kg of king oyster mushrooms, in units of [unit missing]. The batch identifier is The time from the time of entry into the warehouse to the time of sampling The batch refrigeration time, in hours; The collaborative control module is based on the current stage name. Call the corresponding stage settings. The stage settings for the pre-cooling state include the storage temperature setting. Relative humidity setpoint Basic value of cooling power Fan speed base value Basic value of air exchange valve opening and minimum ventilation The temporary storage stage settings include the storage temperature setting. Relative humidity setpoint Basic value of cooling power Fan speed base value The basic value of the ventilation valve opening is 15% and the minimum ventilation volume. The pre-transport refrigeration settings include a storage temperature setting of 1.5°C and a relative humidity setting. Basic value of cooling power Fan speed base value 70%, air exchange valve opening base value and minimum ventilation The basic value of cooling power represents the percentage of the rated output power of the compressor or refrigeration unit; the basic value of fan speed represents the percentage of the rated speed of the circulating fan; and the basic value of air valve opening represents the percentage of the fully open stroke of the air valve. The collaborative control module uses the corrected joint control quantity. Adjust the stage setting value in stages, when At that time, the cooling power is determined as the value after reducing the corresponding base value of cooling power by 15 percentage points, the fan speed is determined as the value after reducing the corresponding base value of fan speed by 10 percentage points, and the ventilation valve opening is determined as the corresponding base value of ventilation valve opening. At that time, the cooling power, fan speed, and ventilation valve opening were determined as corresponding base values. At that time, the cooling power was determined as the base value of the corresponding cooling power increased by 20 percentage points, the fan speed was determined as the base value of the corresponding fan speed increased by 15 percentage points, and the ventilation valve opening was determined as the base value of the corresponding ventilation valve opening increased by 15 percentage points. The cooling power after the above-mentioned graded adjustments was limited to... to Inside, the fan speed is limited to to Inside, the opening of the ventilation valve is limited to... to Inside, and the actual air exchange volume corresponding to the opening degree of the air exchange valve is not lower than the minimum air exchange volume of the current stage; The collaborative control module records the oxygen concentration inside the packaging as: The carbon dioxide concentration inside the packaging is recorded as The permissible range of oxygen concentration inside the packaging follows the method described in step S1. to ,in This indicates the lower limit of oxygen concentration inside the packaging. This indicates the upper limit of oxygen concentration inside the packaging; the permissible range of carbon dioxide concentration inside the packaging follows the method described in step S1. to ,in This indicates the lower limit of carbon dioxide concentration inside the packaging. Indicates the upper limit of carbon dioxide concentration inside the packaging; when or At that time, the collaborative control module adjusts the opening of the ventilation valve and the fan speed according to the rule of prioritizing low oxygen or high carbon dioxide, increasing the opening of the ventilation valve to no less than And increase the fan speed to no less than To increase the amount of air exchange entering the refrigerated space and near the packaging ventilation channel; when and At that time, the coordinated control module will reduce the opening of the ventilation valve to no higher than To reduce deviations from the packaging gas environment caused by excessive ventilation; when lie in to Inner and lie in to During this time, the collaborative control module maintains the control based on the revised joint control quantity. The obtained ventilation valve opening and fan speed; When the oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations inside the packaging deviate in opposite directions, the collaborative control module prioritizes preventing the accumulation of low oxygen and high carbon dioxide as its primary control objective. or Under the condition that it is established, execute the control action to increase ventilation; The collaborative control module simultaneously establishes the packaging gas maintenance opening. The packaging gas maintenance opening refers to the arithmetic mean of the opening of the ventilation valve when the oxygen concentration and carbon dioxide concentration in the packaging are both within the allowable range in the last 30 minutes. When there is no sampling record that meets the above conditions in the last 30 minutes, the opening of the ventilation valve corresponding to the minimum ventilation volume in the current stage is taken as the packaging gas maintenance opening. Subsequent energy-saving adjustments must not reduce the opening of the ventilation valve below the packaging gas maintenance opening. The unit energy consumption constraint is determined by the collaborative control module based on the unit energy consumption index. The unit energy consumption index is recalculated when the name of the current stage changes, when a door opening event occurs, and at the end of every 10 sampling periods. The upper limit of unit energy consumption is set to... ,when At that time, the collaborative control module directly combines the refrigeration power, fan speed, ventilation valve opening and stage set value after correction of the packaging gas allowable range into refrigeration control commands; when At this time, the collaborative control module enters the unit energy consumption constraint control, first determining whether the warehouse temperature is higher than the current stage warehouse temperature setpoint. The above and whether there is a temperature recovery process after defrosting. If any of the above situations exist, the cooling power and fan speed will not be reduced, and the current ventilation valve opening will be kept no lower than the packaging gas maintenance opening. If the storage temperature is not higher than the current storage temperature setting value. If there is no temperature recovery process after defrosting, then the fan speed will be reduced by 5 percentage points every 5 sampling cycles, and the minimum fan speed will be maintained at the pre-cooling state. During the temporary storage state, the minimum fan speed is maintained at [value missing]. Before transportation, the fan speed was kept at a minimum under refrigerated conditions. ; When the fan speed has reached the minimum holding value for the corresponding stage and and When all are within the allowable range, the opening of the ventilation valve will be reduced by 5 percentage points every 5 sampling cycles. The reduced opening of the ventilation valve shall not be lower than the packaging gas maintenance opening, nor lower than the opening corresponding to the minimum ventilation volume at the current stage. During the period of unit energy consumption constraint control, if or If the ventilation valve opening is reduced, immediately stop reducing it and restore it to the opening level corresponding to the increased ventilation rule. If the storage temperature exceeds the current stage's set temperature value... If the above is true, then the reduction of the fan speed will stop and the speed will be restored according to the modified joint control quantity. A fixed fan speed; The collaborative control module writes the final determined refrigeration power, fan speed, air exchange valve opening, storage temperature setpoint, relative humidity setpoint, minimum air exchange rate, packaging gas maintenance opening, unit energy consumption index, and unit energy consumption constraint status into the batch refrigeration data, and generates refrigeration control commands to be sent to the refrigeration execution equipment.

[0024] In this specific embodiment, S4 includes: The defrosting execution module executes the defrosting based on the batch refrigeration data generated in step S1, the stage status results output in step S2, and the refrigeration control commands generated in step S3. The defrosting execution module uses batch identifiers. and sampling sequence number The following data are collected: mushroom surface temperature, storage temperature, relative humidity inside the storage, condensate sensor output, evaporator surface temperature, evaporator inlet and outlet pressure difference, and frost sensor output. The mushroom surface temperature is obtained from the temperature sensor attached to the mushroom surface in step S1, and the minimum value among all valid mushroom surface temperature values ​​collected at the same sampling time is taken as the mushroom surface temperature for condensate determination, reflecting the location where condensation first occurs on the surface of the king oyster mushroom. The dew point temperature inside the storage is calculated from the storage temperature and relative humidity according to the Magnus dew point model. The calculation method is as follows: ; in, The batch identifier is And the sampling sequence number is The middle amount of dew point at that time, The batch identifier indicating the batch of goods entering the warehouse. Indicates the current sampling sequence number. The batch identifier is And the sampling sequence number is The relative humidity inside the warehouse at that time, in units of The number 100 is used to convert the percentage form of relative humidity in the warehouse into a dimensionless proportional value. Represents the natural logarithm function. The batch identifier is And the sampling sequence number is The temperature of the warehouse at that time, in units of ,symbol The numbers 17.27 and 237.7 represent the air inside the cold storage. These are fixed model parameters in the Magnus dew point model, applicable to the commonly used temperature and humidity ranges in cold storage. The batch identifier is And the sampling sequence number is The dew point temperature inside the warehouse at that time, in units of ,symbol Indicates dew point; The defrosting module categorizes condensate status into three types: condensation risk, actual water presence, and no condensate. When condensate is detected, the module determines that the mushroom surface temperature is lower than or equal to the dew point temperature inside the storage chamber. The above and the relative humidity inside the warehouse When the condensate sensor outputs a water presence status, the condensate status is recorded as condensation risk. When the condensate sensor outputs a water presence status, the condensate status is recorded as actual water presence. When none of the above conditions are met, the condensate status is recorded as no condensate. The frost condition is determined based on the evaporator surface temperature, the evaporator inlet and outlet pressure difference, and the output of the frost sensor. The evaporator surface temperature is collected by two temperature sensors fixed in the middle of the evaporator fins and the return air side, and the lower value is taken. The evaporator inlet and outlet pressure difference is collected by pressure difference sensors installed on the air inlet and outlet sides of the evaporator. The pressure difference reference value is set to 20 Pa in the evaporator clean and frost-free state. When the evaporator surface temperature is lower than or equal to -2°C and the increase in the evaporator inlet and outlet pressure difference relative to the pressure difference reference value reaches 35 Pa, the frost condition is recorded as pressure difference frost. When the frost sensor outputs a frost condition, the frost condition is recorded as sensor frost. When none of the above conditions are met, the frost condition is recorded as frost-free. The defrosting trigger conditions include condensate trigger conditions and frost trigger conditions. The condensate trigger condition is that two consecutive sampling times of the condensate state are recorded as actual water presence, or five consecutive sampling times of the condensate state are recorded as condensation risk. The frost trigger condition is that five consecutive sampling times of the frost state are recorded as differential pressure frost, or two consecutive sampling times of the frost state are recorded as sensor frost. The sampling period follows the 60s in step S1. Therefore, the trigger duration corresponding to actual water presence is 120s, the trigger duration corresponding to condensation risk is 300s, the trigger duration corresponding to differential pressure frost is 300s, and the trigger duration corresponding to sensor frost is 120s. When the condensate trigger condition or the frost trigger condition is met, the defrosting execution module starts defrosting, records the temperature at the moment of defrosting start as the defrosting reference temperature, shuts off the water supply actuator, adjusts the air exchange valve opening to the opening corresponding to the minimum air exchange rate for the current stage, and adjusts the circulating fan speed to... Reduce the output of the refrigeration unit compressor to The evaporator hot gas bypass defrosting circuit is started, and the hot gas bypass valve opening is set to [value missing]. When the condensate triggering condition is met alone and the frost triggering condition is not met, the defrosting module performs drainage and short-term low-power defrosting control. The hot gas bypass duration is set to 4 minutes. When the frost triggering condition is met, the upper limit of the hot gas bypass duration is set to 15 minutes. During the defrosting process, the evaporator surface temperature, the evaporator inlet and outlet pressure difference, the frost sensor output, and the storage temperature are continuously collected. The temperature rise constraint during defrosting is based on the defrosting reference temperature, with a preset upper limit of 2.0°C. When the real-time temperature rises by 1.5°C relative to the defrosting reference temperature, the defrosting execution module will adjust the opening of the hot gas bypass valve. Down to And the speed of the circulating fan was changed from Down to When the increase in real-time storage temperature relative to the defrosting baseline storage temperature reaches When the defrosting module is activated, it immediately closes the hot gas bypass valve and ends the heating defrosting process. At the same time, it keeps the opening of the ventilation valve at a level no lower than the opening corresponding to the minimum ventilation volume at the current stage, so as to avoid the oxygen concentration and carbon dioxide concentration inside the packaging from getting out of control during the defrosting process. Defrosting is completed when the evaporator surface temperature reaches [temperature value missing]. The above conditions are as follows: when the increase in the pressure difference between the evaporator inlet and outlet relative to the pressure difference reference value drops to less than 15Pa and the frost sensor outputs a frost-free status for two consecutive sampling times, when defrosting is initiated solely by the condensate trigger condition, the defrosting completion condition is that the condensate sensor outputs a water-free status for two consecutive sampling times and the drain pan liquid level is lower than the liquid level alarm threshold. When the defrosting duration reaches the upper limit of the corresponding duration and the defrosting completion condition is still not met, the defrosting execution module ends the heating defrosting and generates a defrosting incomplete mark. After defrosting is completed, the defrosting module performs a 2-minute drip waiting period, during which the compressor output is maintained at a constant value. The water supply actuator is closed; the air exchange valve opening is the opening corresponding to the minimum air exchange volume in the current stage; and the circulating fan speed is... After the dripping time is complete, the defrosting status result is written into the batch refrigeration data. The defrosting status result includes the batch identifier. The system records the defrosting start time, defrosting end time, defrosting trigger source, condensate status, frost layer status, defrosting reference temperature, highest temperature during defrosting, temperature rise, hot gas bypass valve opening change, circulating fan speed change, ventilation valve opening, defrosting completion marker, defrosting incomplete marker, and temperature rise constraint trigger marker. The defrosting status results are sent to the collaborative control module and packaging gas regulation module for step S5 to restore the refrigeration control command based on the deviations in temperature, relative humidity, oxygen concentration inside the packaging, and carbon dioxide concentration inside the packaging after defrosting is completed.

[0025] In this specific embodiment, S5 includes: The collaborative control module and the packaging gas regulation module execute the process after the dripping wait in step S4 ends and the defrosting status result is written. The collaborative control module uses batch identification. and sampling sequence number Read the current stage name , storage temperature relative humidity inside the warehouse Oxygen concentration inside packaging Carbon dioxide concentration inside the packaging The current stage name includes the refrigeration control command generated in step S3 and saved before defrosting, and the defrosting status result formed in step S4. The values ​​are taken as pre-cooling state, temporary storage state, or refrigerated state before transportation. The refrigeration control commands saved before defrosting include refrigeration power, fan speed, ventilation valve opening, storage temperature setpoint, relative humidity setpoint, and minimum ventilation rate. The recovery control after defrosting is executed continuously with a sampling period of 60 seconds, and a deviation calculation model is used to determine whether the storage temperature, relative humidity inside the storage, oxygen concentration inside the packaging, and carbon dioxide concentration inside the packaging have returned to the recovery threshold. The deviation calculation model is as follows: , , , ; in, The batch identifier is And the sampling sequence number is Temperature deviation at time, in units of The batch identifier is And the sampling sequence number is Humidity deviation over time, in percentage points. The batch identifier is And the sampling sequence number is Oxygen deviation within the packaging at that time, in percentage points. The batch identifier is And the sampling sequence number is The deviation of carbon dioxide content within the packaging at that time, expressed in percentage points. The batch identifier indicating the batch of goods entering the warehouse. Indicates the current sampling sequence number. The batch identifier is And the sampling sequence number is Warehouse temperature at that time, symbol Indicates the air inside the warehouse. Indicates the name of the current stage. The corresponding storage temperature setpoint, symbol Indicates the stage set value, symbol Indicates temperature. The batch identifier is And the sampling sequence number is The relative humidity inside the warehouse at that time Indicates the name of the current stage. The corresponding relative humidity setting value, symbol Indicates relative humidity. The batch identifier is And the sampling sequence number is Oxygen concentration inside the packaging at that time This indicates the lower limit of oxygen concentration inside the packaging, and its value is [value missing]. This indicates the upper limit of oxygen concentration inside the packaging, with a value of [value missing]. The batch identifier is And the sampling sequence number is The carbon dioxide concentration inside the packaging at that time This indicates the lower limit of carbon dioxide concentration inside the packaging, and its value is [value missing]. , This indicates the upper limit of carbon dioxide concentration inside the packaging, with a value of [value missing]. , This represents the absolute value operation. This indicates that the maximum value among the values ​​within the parentheses is taken; the number 0 represents the deviation baseline value when the gas concentration in the packaging is within the allowable range; the temperature deviation recovery threshold is set to... The humidity deviation recovery threshold is set to 3 percentage points, the oxygen deviation recovery threshold within the packaging is set to 0 percentage points, and the carbon dioxide deviation recovery threshold within the packaging is set to 0 percentage points. percentage points and After three consecutive sampling cycles, the collaborative control module determines that the temperature deviation, humidity deviation, and packaging gas deviation have all reached the corresponding recovery thresholds, sets the recovery completion flag to 1, and initiates the recovery execution steps. The refrigeration control commands saved before defrosting are used to smoothly switch the refrigeration power, fan speed and ventilation valve opening from the defrosting end state to the control values ​​saved before defrosting. The smooth switching method limits the change in refrigeration power to within 10 percentage points, the change in fan speed to within 10 percentage points and the change in ventilation valve opening to within 10 percentage points for each sampling period. when percentage points or When any of the conditions is met, the collaborative control module will set the recovery completion flag to 0, maintain the recovery control state, and adjust the joint control quantity according to the modified joint control quantity in step S3. The cooling power, fan speed, and ventilation valve opening are maintained or adjusted; the modified combined control quantity... The results of the fixed-parameter weighted normalization model calculated in step S3 are used; when At that time, the collaborative control module will adjust the cooling power to be no less than the cooling power determined in step S3 and no less than And adjust the fan speed to be no less than that in step S3 according to The determined fan speed and not less than To eliminate the increase in storage temperature caused by defrosting; when At that time, the collaborative control module will reduce the cooling power to no higher than And keep the fan speed no lower than the speed corresponding to the minimum air volume at the current stage, so as to avoid local overcooling of the mushroom body; when When the percentage point is reached, the collaborative control module shuts down the drain heater that remained off during defrosting, and starts the water replenishment actuator for one sampling cycle, setting the fan speed relative to the step. according to The determined fan speed is reduced by 10 percentage points but not lower than the current minimum holding value, and the opening of the ventilation valve is kept at the packaging gas holding opening when both the oxygen concentration and carbon dioxide concentration in the packaging are within the allowable range. when When the percentage point is reached, the collaborative control module keeps the water supply actuator off and adjusts the fan speed relative to step S3 according to... The determined fan speed is increased by 10 percentage points and does not exceed And keep the opening of the ventilation valve at a level no lower than the opening corresponding to the minimum ventilation volume at the current stage, so as to discharge the residual humid air after defrosting; The packaging gas conditioning module adjusts the oxygen concentration inside the packaging according to the sampling period. and the carbon dioxide concentration inside the packaging The packaging gas environment is regulated. The packaging ventilation channel consists of an electromagnetic microvalve and a permeable membrane channel located on the bypass of the packaging sampling port. Opening the packaging ventilation channel means that the electromagnetic microvalve is energized and opens the permeable membrane bypass; closing the packaging ventilation channel means that the electromagnetic microvalve is de-energized and closes the permeable membrane bypass. and ,or and At this time, the packaging gas regulation module opens the packaging ventilation channel and sends an increase ventilation request to the coordination control module. The coordination control module maintains the ventilation valve opening at a level not lower than [the specified value]. Keep the fan speed at no less than ; when and ,or and At this time, the packaging gas conditioning module closes the packaging ventilation channel and sends a request to the coordination control module to reduce ventilation. The coordination control module, provided that the temperature and humidity deviations do not exceed the corresponding recovery thresholds, reduces the opening of the ventilation valve to no higher than [the specified value]. And the opening should not be lower than the opening corresponding to the minimum ventilation volume at the current stage; When the oxygen concentration and carbon dioxide concentration inside the packaging do not belong to the above-mentioned open and close combinations, the packaging gas regulation module maintains the current state of the packaging ventilation channel and writes the holding action, the current oxygen concentration inside the packaging, the current carbon dioxide concentration inside the packaging, and the sampling time into the batch refrigeration data. when and When the temperature or humidity deviation reaches the recovery threshold before the deviation occurs, the packaging gas regulation module stops correcting the opening and closing caused by the packaging gas deviation. The packaging ventilation channel continues to be maintained, opened, or closed according to the combination rules of oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations at the current sampling time. The coordination control module no longer changes the ventilation valve opening individually for packaging gas deviation, and continues to adjust the cooling power and fan speed according to the temperature or humidity deviation until... and percentage points; Once the temperature deviation, humidity deviation, and packaging gas deviation all reach their corresponding recovery thresholds, the collaborative control module recalculates the unit energy consumption index according to the unit energy consumption constraint in step S3. And, under the condition of satisfying the temperature rise recovery constraint and the packaging gas recovery constraint, update the current stage setting value, and use the updated stage setting value to regenerate and execute the refrigeration control command; The collaborative control module and packaging gas conditioning module will restore the batch identification during the control process. Sampling time Temperature deviation, humidity deviation, packaging gas deviation, packaging ventilation channel operation, refrigeration power, fan speed, ventilation valve opening, recovery completion mark, unit energy consumption index, and updated stage setting value are written into the batch refrigeration data.

[0026] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] This invention combines batch data acquisition, stage status identification, temperature drop and moisture load joint control, status-triggered defrosting, and packaging gas recovery control, enabling the refrigeration equipment to make linkage adjustments according to the actual refrigeration status of king oyster mushrooms, thus solving the problem of environmental fluctuations under fixed temperature and timed defrosting control.

[0028] This invention introduces door opening disturbance correction, defrosting temperature rise constraint, packaging gas recovery constraint, and unit energy consumption constraint to form a phased control structure for the pre-cooling, temporary storage, and pre-transport refrigeration stages. The improvement helps to suppress unnecessary refrigeration and ventilation actions while maintaining a stable preservation environment.

Claims

1. A method for energy-saving cold storage of king oyster mushrooms, characterized in that, include: S1. Collect mushroom body temperature, storage temperature, relative humidity, ventilation volume, air volume, door opening events, and oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations inside the packaging, using the batch of goods entering the warehouse as an index, to form batch refrigeration data; S2. Identify pre-cooling, temporary storage, and pre-transport refrigeration states based on the batch refrigeration data, and calculate the corresponding temperature drop and humidity load states for each state, forming stage state results; S3. Combine the stage state results with door opening events to form a joint control input. Based on the joint control input and according to the allowable range of oxygen and carbon dioxide inside the packaging, determine the refrigeration power, fan speed, ventilation valve opening, and stage setpoints, forming... Refrigeration control command; S4, Identify the condensate or frost status based on batch refrigeration data, execute defrosting when the condensate or frost status meets the defrosting trigger conditions, and implement temperature rise constraints based on the temperature changes during defrosting to form a defrosting status result; S5, After defrosting is completed, based on the deviation of the storage temperature, relative humidity, and oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations in the packaging from the allowable range, restore the refrigeration control command and adjust the refrigeration execution equipment and packaging gas environment, update the stage setpoint based on the unit energy consumption constraint, and use the updated stage setpoint to regenerate and execute the refrigeration control command.

2. The method for preserving and saving energy in the cold storage of king oyster mushrooms according to claim 1, characterized in that, S1 includes: A batch identifier and time series are established for each batch entering the warehouse. Temperature of mushrooms is collected using temperature sensors placed on the surface or inside the mushrooms. Temperature and humidity of the warehouse are collected using temperature and humidity sensors. Air exchange rate and air volume are collected using air duct sensors. Door opening events are recorded using door magnetic sensors. Oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations inside the packaging are collected using packaging gas sensors. Each collected value is associated with the collection time and written into the batch refrigeration data.

3. The method for preserving and saving energy in the cold storage of king oyster mushrooms according to claim 1, characterized in that, S2 includes: The temperature drop rate is calculated based on the temperature difference of the mushroom body between consecutive sampling times and the sampling time interval. The wet load status is calculated based on the relative humidity in the storage, the amount of water replenishment collected by the water replenishment metering sensor and associated with the batch refrigeration data, and the condensate detection results. The temperature drop rate and wet load status are compared with the preset stage discrimination threshold to output the refrigeration status before pre-cooling, temporary storage or transportation and the corresponding stage status results.

4. The method for preserving and saving energy in the cold storage of king oyster mushrooms according to claim 1, characterized in that, S3 includes: normalizing the temperature drop state and the wet load state according to preset upper and lower limits, and combining them into a joint control quantity according to preset weights; using the door opening duration and number of door openings corresponding to the door opening event as correction quantities to correct the joint control quantity; and determining the refrigeration power, fan speed and ventilation valve opening degree according to the corrected joint control quantity, the allowable range of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the packaging and the stage setting value.

5. The method for preserving and saving energy in the cold storage of king oyster mushrooms according to claim 1, characterized in that, S4 includes: The condensate status is determined based on the mushroom surface temperature, the dew point temperature inside the storage room, and the output of the condensate sensor; the frost status is determined based on the evaporator surface temperature, pressure difference, and the output of the frost sensor. When the condensate level or frost level continuously reaches the trigger threshold corresponding to the preset trigger duration, defrosting is initiated, and the temperature rise during defrosting is limited to the preset upper limit.

6. The method for preserving and saving energy in the cold storage of king oyster mushrooms according to claim 4, characterized in that, S5 include: After defrosting, the temperature, relative humidity, oxygen concentration, and carbon dioxide concentration inside the packaging are compared with their respective allowable ranges to obtain temperature deviation, humidity deviation, and packaging gas deviation. When the temperature deviation, humidity deviation, and packaging gas deviation all enter the corresponding recovery threshold, the refrigeration control command is restored. When any deviation exceeds the corresponding recovery threshold, the fan speed and ventilation valve opening determined according to the corrected joint control quantity are maintained or adjusted until the temperature deviation, humidity deviation, and packaging gas deviation all enter the corresponding recovery threshold. When the packaging gas deviation enters the allowable range first, but the temperature deviation or humidity deviation still exceeds the corresponding recovery threshold, the refrigeration power and fan speed are adjusted according to the temperature deviation or humidity deviation.

7. The method for preserving and saving energy in the cold storage of king oyster mushrooms according to claim 6, characterized in that, The unit energy consumption constraint includes: using the ratio of unit batch power consumption to batch refrigeration time collected by the power metering module of the refrigeration execution equipment and associated with the batch as the unit energy consumption index; recalculating the unit energy consumption index after the stage state result change or the door opening event occurs; when the unit energy consumption index reaches the preset energy consumption upper limit, reducing the fan speed or reducing the opening of the ventilation valve according to the priority order of temperature rise constraint and packaging gas recovery constraint, while retaining the ventilation volume required to keep the oxygen and carbon dioxide concentration in the packaging within the allowable range.

8. The method for preserving and saving energy in the cold storage of king oyster mushrooms according to claim 6, characterized in that, The adjustment of the packaging gas environment includes: comparing the oxygen concentration and carbon dioxide concentration inside the packaging with the upper and lower limits of the allowable range, respectively; opening the packaging ventilation channel when the oxygen concentration is lower than the lower limit and the carbon dioxide concentration is not lower than the lower limit, or when the oxygen concentration is not lower than the lower limit and the carbon dioxide concentration is higher than the upper limit; closing the packaging ventilation channel when the oxygen concentration is higher than the upper limit and the carbon dioxide concentration is not higher than the upper limit, or when the oxygen concentration is not higher than the upper limit and the carbon dioxide concentration is lower than the lower limit; maintaining the current state of the packaging ventilation channel when the above combination does not apply, and writing the ventilation action and corresponding gas concentration into the batch refrigeration data.

9. The method for preserving and saving energy in the cold storage of king oyster mushrooms according to claim 6, characterized in that, When any sensor output is missing or exceeds the preset measurement range, it is determined to be an abnormal acquisition. Valid data from adjacent sampling times in the same batch are used for marking and interpolation, and the interpolation mark is written into the batch refrigeration data. When the door opening duration reaches the preset door opening duration threshold or the number of door openings reaches the preset door opening number threshold, and the condensate status reaches the corresponding trigger threshold, defrosting control under temperature rise constraint is executed first. After defrosting is completed, ventilation and fan control are restarted according to the packaging gas recovery threshold.

10. A cold storage system for preserving and saving energy for king oyster mushrooms, used to perform the cold storage method for preserving and saving energy for king oyster mushrooms as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, include: The data acquisition module is used to collect data on mushroom body temperature, storage temperature, relative humidity, ventilation rate, air volume, door opening events, and oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations inside the packaging, and to generate batch refrigeration data. The water replenishment metering module is used to collect the water replenishment amount and associate the water replenishment amount with the batch refrigeration data; the power metering module is used to collect the power consumption per unit batch of the refrigeration equipment and associate the power consumption per unit batch with the batch entering the warehouse; the status identification module is used to identify the pre-cooling, temporary storage and pre-transportation refrigeration status according to the batch refrigeration data and the water replenishment amount, calculate the temperature drop status and the wet load status and output the stage status results. The collaborative control module is used to generate refrigeration power, fan speed, ventilation valve opening degree and stage set value according to the stage status results and door opening event, and update the stage set value and regenerate the refrigeration control command according to the unit energy consumption constraint; the defrost execution module is used to perform defrost according to the condensate water status or frost layer status and apply temperature rise constraint. The packaging gas conditioning module is used to adjust the packaging gas environment according to the packaging gas deviation after defrosting. The refrigeration execution device is used to execute the refrigeration power, fan speed, air exchange valve opening degree and stage set value, as well as the updated refrigeration control command.

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