A composite structure fire metallurgical smelting furnace lining cooling system and method

Abstract

The application discloses a composite structure fire metallurgical smelting furnace lining cooling system and method, and belongs to the technical field of liquid metal cooling. The system comprises a cooling unit and a medium pipeline, the medium pipeline is circulated with cooling medium, the cooling unit is arranged on the outer surface of the furnace body of the high-heat part of the smelting furnace, and the two ends of the cooling unit are respectively provided with a medium inlet and a medium outlet which are communicated with the two ends of the medium pipeline. The cooling pipeline is sequentially provided with a heat exchanger, a preheating unit and an electromagnetic pump along the direction of medium flow. The application adopts a composite structure of a copper or copper alloy outer sleeve layer and a liquid metal corrosion resistant inner lining layer, the inner lining layer continuously covers the inner surface of the cooling flow channel and forms a continuous and dense metallurgical bonding interface with the outer sleeve layer, so that the liquid metal is effectively isolated from direct contact with the copper-based material, the corrosion, penetration and damage risks are reduced, and the structural strength and high thermal conductivity are ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of liquid metal cooling technology, specifically to a composite structure furnace lining cooling system and method for pyrometallurgical smelting furnaces. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of high-temperature metallurgy, advanced thermal management, and high heat flux density equipment, liquid metals (such as sodium-potassium alloys, lead-bismuth alloys, and gallium-indium-tin alloys) have become highly efficient cooling media due to their high thermal conductivity, large specific heat capacity, and excellent heat transfer performance. In top-blown, side-blown, and bottom-blown smelting furnaces and flash furnaces, key high-heat-load areas (such as the slag line area of ​​the molten pool, the copper and slag discharge port, and the lower opening of the rising flue) require extremely high corrosion resistance and thermal conductivity from the cooling components. The cooling jacket must balance excellent thermal conductivity, structural strength, and long-term operational stability.

[0003] Copper and copper alloys have long been used as the main materials for cooling components due to their excellent thermal conductivity. However, they are prone to corrosion, dissolution, penetration, embrittlement, or interfacial reactions when in contact with liquid metals, especially under high temperature, erosion, and long-term operating conditions. This directly affects the lifespan of the components and may lead to leaks, pollution, and safety risks. Although traditional water cooling is low in cost, it has a low boiling point under high heat flux density, is prone to boiling and forming a vapor film, and is susceptible to scaling, corrosion, and leakage, making it difficult to meet the requirements of ultra-high heat flux density operating conditions.

[0004] Existing technologies primarily address compatibility issues through integral manufacturing with corrosion-resistant metals and the application of coatings or linings to the inner walls of copper substrates. However, these methods generally suffer from limitations such as insufficient thermal conductivity, high cost, easy coating defects and peeling, high interfacial thermal resistance, poor sealing, and thermal fatigue loosening. Furthermore, existing cooling systems often employ traditional PID control or manual adjustment based on experience, making it difficult to adapt to dynamic changes in heat load and prone to temperature fluctuations and interfacial thermal stress concentration. Leakage monitoring relies on single-parameter threshold alarms, lacking intelligent diagnostic capabilities through multi-sensor fusion, making it difficult to detect early leak signs in a timely manner and unable to predict the remaining lifespan of critical equipment. The systems also exhibit low levels of digitization and intelligence. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a composite structure furnace lining cooling system and method for pyrometallurgical smelting furnaces.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: a composite structure pyrometallurgical smelting furnace lining cooling system is provided, comprising a cooling unit and a medium pipeline, wherein a cooling medium flows through the medium pipeline, the cooling unit is located on the outer surface of the furnace body at the high-heat part of the smelting furnace, and the two ends of the cooling unit are respectively provided as a medium inlet and a medium outlet communicating with the two ends of the medium pipeline; a heat exchanger, a preheating unit and an electromagnetic pump are sequentially provided in the cooling pipeline along the direction of medium flow; an inlet pressure sensor, an inlet temperature sensor and a flow sensor are provided on the medium pipeline near the medium inlet of the cooling unit, and an outlet pressure sensor and an outlet temperature sensor are provided on the medium pipeline near the medium outlet of the cooling unit; It also includes a controller and a leakage monitoring and interlocking unit. The inlet pressure sensor, inlet temperature sensor, flow sensor, outlet pressure sensor, and outlet temperature sensor are all connected to the controller and the leakage monitoring and interlocking unit respectively. The controller is also connected to the preheating unit, electromagnetic pump, and heat exchanger respectively.

[0007] The cooling pipe is also equipped with a medium filling inlet.

[0008] Furthermore, the high-heat areas of the smelting furnace of the present invention include the molten pool area (especially near the slag line), the outlet area (including the copper discharge port, slag discharge port and flue gas outlet) and the strong heat flow area (including the area around the spray gun area, near the side blowing port, near the top blowing port and the electrode insertion area).

[0009] Furthermore, the cooling unit includes a cooling channel and, sequentially disposed outside the cooling channel, an inner liner, a metallurgical bonding layer, and an outer jacket; the outer jacket is made of copper or a copper alloy and has a thickness of 10–40 mm; the inner liner is made of a corrosion-resistant metal material compatible with the cooling medium and has a thickness of 1–5 mm. The metallurgical bonding layer is formed by explosive welding or hot isostatic diffusion bonding.

[0010] Furthermore, the cooling medium is a gallium-indium-tin alloy, and the inner lining is one or more of niobium-based alloys, tantalum, and molybdenum; the cooling medium is a lead-bismuth alloy, and the inner lining is molybdenum or a molybdenum alloy; the cooling medium is a sodium-potassium alloy, and the inner lining is stainless steel or a nickel-based alloy. When the inner lining is molybdenum, the cooling medium can be optionally a gallium-indium-tin alloy or a lead-bismuth alloy.

[0011] The present invention also provides a method for cooling the furnace lining of a pyrometallurgical smelting furnace based on the above-mentioned composite structure of the cooling system, the specific steps of which are as follows: S1. System Installation and Access The composite structure pyrometallurgical smelting furnace lining cooling system is installed in the high-heat part of the furnace body. The cooling unit, heat exchanger, electromagnetic pump and preheating unit form a closed loop. According to the system structure, inlet pressure sensor, inlet temperature sensor, flow sensor and outlet pressure sensor and outlet temperature sensor are installed on the medium pipeline. All components are installed and connected according to the system structure. S2. Select and fill the media and preset system parameters. S2.1, Media Selection Select the cooling medium based on the lining material, furnace operating temperature, and required cooling intensity: When the inner lining is one or more of niobium-based alloys, tantalum, and molybdenum, the furnace operating temperature is 20–300℃ and the heat flux density is 0.05–0.50 MW / m³. 2 When using gallium indium tin alloy as the cooling medium, gallium indium tin alloy is selected.

[0012] When the inner lining is made of molybdenum or a molybdenum alloy, the furnace operating temperature is 250–600℃ and the heat flux density is 0.30–1.50 MW / m³. 2 At that time, a lead-bismuth alloy was selected.

[0013] When the inner lining is made of stainless steel or nickel-based alloy, the furnace operating temperature is 50–700℃, the melting point of the cooling medium is not higher than 0℃, and the system establishes stable circulation within 5–30 minutes after startup, with a cooling medium circulation flow rate of 0.5–3.0 m / s; or when the heat flux density is 0.50–2.00 MW / m², sodium-potassium alloy is selected.

[0014] S2.2, Medium filling The selected cooling medium is introduced into the medium pipeline through the medium inlet, and the gas and impurities in the closed loop are removed by vacuuming, inert gas replacement, or low-point venting and high-point exhaust.

[0015] S2.3, Set system parameters The cooling medium flow rate is set to be used during normal system operation. , The unit temperature is 0.2–30 m³ per unit. 3 / h; Set the heat exchanger's heat exchange capacity to , Expressed as heat transfer intensity, it ranges from 0.05 to 2.0 MW / m² per unit cooling area. 2 ; Set inlet pressure safety threshold The outlet pressure safety threshold is 0.05–1.50 MPa. The inlet and outlet pressure difference safety threshold is 0.05–1.50 MPa. The pressure is 0.005–0.50 MPa. Set the lower limit threshold of the inlet temperature. The cooling medium should be 15–50°C above its melting point; the upper limit threshold for the outlet temperature. The operating temperature of the cooling medium should be 20–80°C below the upper limit of its allowable operating temperature; a safe threshold range for the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet should be set. - , The temperature is 5-15℃. The temperature ranges from 30 to 80 degrees Celsius. Set a threshold for the rate of increase of the heat load on the melting furnace. The target heat load is set at 5%–20% / min; the inlet temperature deviation threshold, outlet temperature deviation threshold, and inlet / outlet temperature difference deviation threshold are set at 2–20℃; the cooling medium flow rate deviation threshold is set at [value missing]. 5% to 15%; differential pressure deviation threshold is 5% to 20%.

[0016] Set heat loss deviation threshold The threshold for the cooling medium flow rate decrease is 10% to 30% of the rated heat loss value. The threshold for the rate of increase of the inlet and outlet pressure difference is 5% to 20% / min. The rate is 5% to 30% per minute.

[0017] S3, Preheating and Melting The cooling medium is preheated in stages using a preheating unit, making the cooling medium a circulating flow state. The segmented heating process is as follows: heat at 1–3°C / min to 5–15°C below the melting point of the cooling medium and hold for 20–60 min; then heat at 0.5–2°C / min to 10–30°C above the melting point of the cooling medium and hold for 30–90 min; then heat at 1–5°C / min to the target circulating temperature, which is 30–80°C above the melting point of the cooling medium, and hold for 30–120 min. After the segmented heating is completed, the preheating unit switches from heating control mode to constant temperature maintenance mode, keeping the cooling medium temperature within the target circulation temperature range of ±5~15℃. Subsequently, the molten cooling medium is intermittently or continuously driven at 5%~15% of the rated power of the electromagnetic pump, so that the cooling medium flows at a rate of 0.05 ~0.20 The flow rate is circulated at a low flow rate and uniform temperature between the medium pipeline, cooling channel, heat exchanger and preheating unit; During the low-flow isothermal circulation process, the heat exchanger is maintained at a low load or in bypass mode. Specifically, the heat exchanger's heat exchange capacity is controlled as follows: 20%-40%, or the opening of the heat exchanger bypass valve is 70%-100%; after each cycle of 3-10 minutes, the controller stops the electromagnetic pump for 5-20 minutes and keeps the preheating unit in a constant temperature maintenance state; When the difference between the inlet temperature measured by the inlet temperature sensor and the outlet temperature measured by the outlet temperature sensor is no greater than 10℃, and this difference persists for 5 to 15 minutes, the preheating and melting process is considered complete, and the low-flow circulation step can be started. S4, Low-flow loop establishment S4.1. Low-flow loop initiation is initiated when the following conditions are met simultaneously: (1) When the temperatures displayed by both the inlet temperature sensor and the outlet temperature sensor are 30-80°C higher than the melting point of the cooling medium; (2) When the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet is no greater than 5 to 10°C; After the above conditions are met, the controller drives the electromagnetic pump to start, and establishes a closed loop using 5% to 20% of the electromagnetic pump's rated power as the initial drive power; the build-up flow rate during the low-flow build-up phase is set to 0.05. ~0.25 The controller adjusts the electromagnetic pump drive power based on the measured flow rate fed back by the flow sensor, so that the cooling medium circulation flow rate gradually reaches the required circulation flow rate. When the measured flow rate is below 0.05 During this period, the controller maintains constant temperature heating in the preheating unit and increases the electromagnetic pump drive power at a rate not exceeding 1% to 3% / min of the electromagnetic pump's rated power, or performs exhaust, impurity removal, and blockage checks; when the measured flow rate is higher than 0.25... At this time, the controller reduces the electromagnetic pump drive power, causing the cooling medium flow rate to drop back to the established circulation flow rate range; S4.2 Cyclic Stability Determination The controller determines cycle stability based on data monitored by the flow sensor, inlet pressure sensor, and outlet pressure sensor. Cycle stability determination requires the following conditions to be met simultaneously: (1) Within a continuous monitoring period of 5 to 15 minutes, the fluctuation of the cooling medium flow rate does not exceed ±5% to ±10%; (2) Both the inlet pressure and the outlet pressure are within the preset safe pressure threshold; (3) The fluctuation of the import and export pressure difference does not exceed ±10% to ±15%; (4) No sudden drop in cooling medium flow rate, sudden increase in differential pressure, abnormal increase in inlet negative pressure or outlet pressure occurred. Among them, a sudden drop in cooling medium flow rate refers to a decrease in cooling medium flow rate exceeding a certain value within 30 to 120 seconds. 10%–20%; a sudden increase in differential pressure refers to an increase in the inlet and outlet differential pressure exceeding 10% within 30–120 seconds. 10%–20%; negative inlet pressure refers to an inlet pressure lower than ambient pressure by 0.005–0.02 MPa; abnormally high outlet pressure refers to an outlet pressure exceeding... Or the increase exceeds within 30–120 seconds 10% to 20%; If the above conditions are met, the closed loop is deemed stable, and the load commissioning and cooling process is allowed. If the above conditions are not met, the controller maintains the preheating unit in heating mode and prohibits the electromagnetic pump from continuing to increase power, while performing the following stability recovery operation: (1) When the flow rate is below 0.05 Or the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet exceeds When the electromagnetic pump is in operation, the controller will reduce the driving power of the electromagnetic pump to 5% to 10% of the rated power. After the inlet temperature, outlet temperature, cooling medium flow rate and inlet-outlet pressure difference have been stable for 5 to 15 minutes, the driving power of the electromagnetic pump will be gradually increased at a rate not exceeding 1% to 3% of the rated power of the electromagnetic pump per minute. At the same time, the medium pipeline and cooling channel will be checked for exhaust, impurity removal or blockage until the circulation is stable. S5, Load commissioning cooling As the furnace temperature rises or the smelting load increases, the controller increases the electromagnetic pump drive power and the heat exchanger heat exchange capacity in a staged power-up manner, specifically as follows: After the closed-loop system stabilizes, gradually increase the electromagnetic pump drive power from 5%–20% of the rated power to 20%–60%. When the outlet temperature, inlet / outlet temperature difference, or furnace heat load continues to rise, further increase the electromagnetic pump drive power to 60%–90%; the heat exchanger's heat exchange capacity is simultaneously increased. The percentage gradually increased from 20%–40% to 60%–100%; When the outlet temperature is higher Or the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet is greater than Or the rate of increase of heat load exceeds The controller first increases the drive power of the electromagnetic pump to increase the flow rate of the cooling medium, and simultaneously increases the heat exchanger's heat exchange capacity; when the inlet temperature is lower than... Or the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet is less than The controller reduces the heat exchanger's heat exchange capacity or reduces the electromagnetic pump's drive power. S6, Closed-loop control The controller uses a sampling period of 1–10 seconds to collect data in real time from the inlet temperature sensor, outlet temperature sensor, flow sensor, inlet pressure sensor, and outlet pressure sensor, obtaining the inlet temperature data. outlet temperature Cooling medium flow rate Inlet pressure and export pressure And calculate the temperature difference between inlet and outlet. Inlet and outlet pressure difference and heat load per unit time The calculation formula is: ; ; ; In the formula, The density of the cooling medium, The specific heat capacity at constant pressure of the cooling medium. This refers to the volumetric flow rate of the cooling medium. The controller is based on 3 to 10 consecutive sampling periods. , , and The change in quantity is used to determine the trend of heat load change and to calculate the operating deviation; when The rate of increase is greater than 3 for more than 3 consecutive sampling periods. When, it is judged that the heat load is increasing; when The rate of decrease was less than 1% for more than 3 consecutive sampling periods. When, it is judged that the heat load is decreasing; when When the rate of change does not exceed ±5% / min of the target heat load for 3 to 10 consecutive sampling cycles, it is judged to be in a stable heat load state; operating deviations include inlet temperature deviation, outlet temperature deviation, flow rate deviation, pressure difference deviation, and temperature difference deviation; The controller compares the above operating deviations with preset deviation thresholds; when any operating deviation exceeds the corresponding threshold, the controller adjusts as follows: (1) When the outlet temperature is higher than Or the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet exceeds At the same time, increase the rated power of the electromagnetic pump by 5% to 20% and improve the heat exchanger's heat exchange capacity. 10% to 30%; (2) When the inlet temperature is lower than At the same time, reduce the heat exchanger's heat exchange capacity. Increase the current heating power of the preheating unit by 10% to 30% or 10% to 50%. (3) When the cooling medium flow rate is lower than Furthermore, if the differential pressure does not exceed the differential pressure deviation threshold, increase the rated power of the electromagnetic pump by 5% to 20%. (4) When the flow rate of the cooling medium decreases for 10-20 seconds and the pressure difference increases for 10-20 seconds, it is determined that there is a risk of blockage, the power of the electromagnetic pump is limited, and the abnormal diagnosis process is initiated. The controller of this invention incorporates an adaptive control model for heat load prediction, specifically employing an LSTM neural network control model: The LSTM neural network control model takes continuous time series operating data as input and outputs future trends in heat load, as well as adjustment suggestions for electromagnetic pump drive power, heat exchanger heat exchange capacity, and preheating unit heating power. The controller collects data with a sampling period of 1–10 seconds. , , , , , Electromagnetic pump drive power and heat exchanger operating power The above data, spanning 30 to 300 seconds, are then used to form an input time series. The LSTM neural network control model consists of an input layer, 1-3 hidden layers, a fully connected layer, and an output layer; each hidden layer has 16-128 neurons, and the input layer is used to receive signals. , , , , , , and The system consists of time-series data; a hidden layer for extracting dynamic features of heat load over time; a fully connected layer for mapping these dynamic features to control parameters; and an output layer for outputting the heat load per unit time for the next 1–10 minutes. outlet temperature Inlet and outlet temperature difference The predicted results, and suggestions for adjusting the electromagnetic pump drive power, heat exchanger heat exchange capacity and preheating unit heating power; When the LSTM neural network control model predicts the heat load per unit time Rise, or predict export temperature Approaching or exceeding Or predict the temperature difference between import and export. Approaching or exceeding At that time, the controller, based on the adjustment suggestions output by the LSTM neural network control model, will increase the electromagnetic pump drive power or the heat exchanger heat exchange capacity in advance to increase the cooling medium circulation flow and the system heat dissipation capacity. When the LSTM neural network control model predicts Decline, or prediction Close to or below When the temperature of the cooling medium approaches the solidification risk range, the controller reduces the heat exchange capacity of the heat exchanger or the drive power of the electromagnetic pump according to the adjustment suggestions output by the LSTM neural network control model, and starts or increases the heating power of the preheating unit to suppress temperature fluctuations and thermal stress impacts at the composite structure interface. The solidification risk zone refers to the temperature range where the temperature of the cooling medium is 5 to 15°C above the melting point of the cooling medium. The adjustment suggestions output by the LSTM neural network control model are constrained by a preset safe operating range. The single adjustment range of the electromagnetic pump drive power is 1% to 10% of the electromagnetic pump's rated power, and the adjustment rate does not exceed 10% / min of the electromagnetic pump's rated power; the single adjustment range of the heat exchanger's heat exchange capacity is... 5% to 20%, adjustment rate not exceeding 20% / min; the single adjustment range of the heating power of the preheating unit is 5% to 30% of the rated power of the preheating unit; S7. Abnormal Diagnosis and Interlocking Leakage monitoring and interlocking unit receives in real time , , , , , and The above data is then subjected to moving average filtering, outlier removal, and normalization to obtain multi-sensor fusion judgment data. The leakage monitoring and interlocking unit integrates and judges system anomalies based on the rate of change of flow rate, rate of change of differential pressure, rate of change of temperature difference, and deviation of heat loss.

[0018] The heat loss deviation is calculated as follows: in: In the formula, The value is predicted by the LSTM neural network control model when the heat loss deviation... Continue to exceed At that time, the leak monitoring and interlocking unit determined that there was a risk of abnormal heat loss in the cooling circuit; The leak monitoring and interlocking unit determines a risk of liquid metal leakage when any of the following conditions are met: (1) In the electromagnetic pump drive power Under the condition of constant flow rate of cooling medium The inlet pressure continues to drop for 10-20 seconds. or export pressure Synchronous descent, with deviation in heat loss. Exceed ; (2) Within 3 to 10 consecutive sampling periods, the cooling medium flow rate decrease rate exceeds 5% to 20% / min, or pressure difference Comparison The temperature decreases by 10% to 30%, accompanied by fluctuations in outlet temperature exceeding 10 to 30°C within 30 to 120 seconds; The leakage monitoring and interlocking unit determines that there is a risk of flow channel blockage when any of the following conditions occur: electromagnetic pump drive power If the increase is not significant or the situation remains unchanged: (1) Cooling medium flow rate reduce; (2) Pressure difference between inlet and outlet Increase; (3) Outlet temperature or temperature difference between inlet and outlet The temperature rises continuously for 10-20 seconds; (4) Pressure difference The rate of increase exceeded And traffic It does not increase synchronously with the increase of electromagnetic pump drive power; The leak monitoring and interlocking unit determines a risk of cooling medium solidification when any of the following conditions occur: (1) Inlet temperature or outlet temperature The warning range is 5–15°C above the melting point of the cooling medium, and the cooling medium flow rate is... Decrease or pressure difference Increase; (2) After the heating power of the preheating unit is increased, the inlet temperature It continues to decline and is approaching the melting point of the cooling medium.

[0019] The leak monitoring and interlocking unit determines a risk of localized overheating when any of the following conditions occur: (1) Outlet temperature Exceeding the preset ; (2) Temperature difference between inlet and outlet Exceeding the preset ; (3) Measured heat load per unit time The rate of increase exceeded 5%–20% / min over 3–10 consecutive sampling periods, and the actual flow rate of the cooling medium... The flow rate is lower than the target flow rate range for the corresponding heat load; where the target flow rate range is 0.8. ~1.2 ,in , This represents the target inlet and outlet temperature difference under normal operating conditions. The leak monitoring and interlocking unit determines that the sensor is malfunctioning when any of the following conditions occur: (1) Under the same stable operating conditions, the inlet or outlet temperature changes by more than 10 to 30°C between adjacent sampling cycles, and the inlet or outlet pressure changes by more than 10% to 20% of the corresponding sensor range; (2) Inlet temperature, outlet temperature, inlet pressure, outlet pressure or cooling medium flow rate It remains unchanged for 5 to 30 minutes, or the change is less than 0.5% to 2% of the corresponding sensor range; (3) The thermal balance relationship formed by data from any sensor does not match with that formed by data from other sensors: the actual heat absorbed per unit time calculated based on the sensor data. Compared with theoretical heat absorption The deviation between them exceeds 20% to 40%; The leakage monitoring and interlocking unit executes interlocking strategies according to the severity of the anomaly. Calculate according to the following formula: in, This is a traffic anomaly index. The pressure difference abnormality index. This is a temperature difference anomalous index. This is the heat loss deviation anomaly index. , , , Let be the weighting coefficient, and: in, In the formula, Real-time flow rate of the cooling medium; For the pressure difference between inlet and outlet, ; For the temperature difference between inlet and outlet, , This represents the target inlet and outlet temperature difference under normal operating conditions. The actual heat absorbed per unit time. , The theoretical heat absorption is calculated by the controller based on historical operating data, electromagnetic pump drive power, heat exchanger operating status, and smelting furnace load status. when , , ,or If the calculation result is greater than 1, it is counted as 1 in the abnormality level. Calculation; When the degree of abnormality When the leakage falls below the first threshold, the leakage monitoring and interlocking unit outputs an early warning message and maintains circulating cooling. When the degree of abnormality When the first threshold is reached but below the second threshold, the leak monitoring and interlocking unit sends a heat load reduction request to the controller, requesting a reduction of 10% to 40% of the current heat load. Simultaneously, the leak monitoring and interlocking unit determines the dominant anomaly type based on real-time monitoring data and sends corresponding coordinated control commands to the controller. (1) If the dominant type is that the temperature exceeds the threshold, the controller increases the current electromagnetic pump drive power by 5% to 20% and increases the heat exchanger heat exchange capacity. 5% to 30%; (2) If the dominant anomaly type is solidification risk, the controller reduces the heat exchanger's heat exchange capacity. Increase the current heating power of the preheating unit by 5% to 30% and increase it by 10% to 50%. (3) If the dominant abnormality type is the risk of flow channel blockage, the controller stops the electromagnetic pump from continuing to increase power and performs exhaust, impurity removal or blockage checks; (4) If the dominant abnormality type is leakage risk, the controller reduces the current drive power of the electromagnetic pump by 5% to 20% and outputs a leakage risk warning. When the degree of abnormality When the second threshold is reached, the leakage monitoring and interlocking unit performs one or more of the following operations: pump stop, alarm, emergency boiler shutdown, disconnection of medium circuit, or isolation protection. S8, Shutdown and Maintenance After the furnace body is reduced in load or shut down, the cooling medium is kept circulating until the temperature of the furnace lining and the cooling medium drops to a preset safe value. Then the power of the electromagnetic pump is reduced, and the cooling medium is kept above the melting point through the preheating unit, or the circuit is kept warm, discharged, inspected and restarted under safe isolation conditions.

[0020] This invention provides a composite structure furnace lining cooling system and method for pyrometallurgical smelting furnaces, which has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention employs a composite structure of a copper or copper alloy outer jacket and a liquid metal corrosion-resistant inner lining. The inner lining continuously covers the inner surface of the cooling channel and forms a continuous and dense metallurgical interface with the outer jacket. While ensuring structural strength and high thermal conductivity, it effectively isolates the liquid metal from direct contact with the copper-based material, reducing the risk of corrosion, penetration, and damage. Compared to traditional water-cooling solutions, the liquid metal cooling medium has a higher boiling point, lower vapor pressure, and stronger heat transfer capacity. It is less prone to boiling and cooling loss in high heat flux density areas, thus improving the cooling intensity and operational stability of critical heated components. Simultaneously, it reduces thermal shock and safety risks caused by water leakage or vaporization.

[0021] 2. The controller of this invention has a built-in adaptive control model based on heat load prediction and adopts an LSTM neural network control model algorithm. It can adjust the electromagnetic pump drive power in advance according to the heat load change trend, suppress temperature fluctuations and interface thermal stress impact, and improve the system's adaptability to dynamic operating conditions. Combined with preheating, temperature control and other measures, it further improves the system's operational safety.

[0022] 3. The leakage monitoring and interlocking unit of the present invention can accurately determine leakage events, avoiding false alarms and missed alarms caused by single parameter threshold alarms; making the operation logic of the system from startup, operation to shutdown clearer; by preheating before circulation establishment, operating at low flow rate before load, and maintaining circulation before shutdown maintenance, the risks of liquid metal solidification blockage, local overheating, thermal shock and accidental shutdown can be reduced, thereby improving the feasibility and safety of the project. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a composite structure pyrometallurgical smelting furnace lining cooling system according to the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of a method for cooling the lining of a composite pyrometallurgical smelting furnace according to the present invention.

[0025] 1. Outer jacket; 2. Inner liner; 3. Metallurgical bonding layer; 4. Cooling channel; 5. Medium inlet; 6. Medium outlet; 7. Electromagnetic pump; 8. Heat exchanger; 9. Preheating unit; 10. Controller; 11. Leakage monitoring and interlocking unit; 12. Inlet temperature sensor; 13. Outlet temperature sensor; 14. Flow sensor; 15. Inlet pressure sensor; 16. Outlet pressure sensor; 17. Medium charging inlet; 18. Medium pipeline. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the content described.

[0027] This invention relates to a liquid metal cooling unit for a pyrometallurgical smelting furnace. The unit uses copper or a copper alloy as an outer layer and a metal material resistant to liquid metal corrosion as an inner lining layer. The outer layer and the inner lining layer are in contact with each other to form a continuous and dense metallurgical bonding layer, forming a composite structure. It is suitable for heat removal and structural protection under high heat flux density conditions. In particular, by combining intelligent control algorithms, multi-sensor data fusion and remote monitoring technology, it can realize adaptive adjustment, accurate leakage diagnosis and predictive maintenance of the liquid metal cooling system. It can be applied to various molten pool smelting furnaces such as top-blown, side-blown, and bottom-blown furnaces, as well as high-temperature metallurgical thermal equipment such as flash furnaces.

[0028] The present invention discloses a composite structure cooling system for the lining of a pyrometallurgical smelting furnace, the structure of which is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the furnace includes a cooling unit and a medium pipeline 18. Cooling medium flows through the medium pipeline 18. The cooling unit is located on the outer surface of the furnace body in the high-heat section of the smelting furnace. The two ends of the cooling unit are respectively provided as a medium inlet 5 and a medium outlet 6 connected to the two ends of the medium pipeline 18. A heat exchanger 8, a preheating unit 9 and an electromagnetic pump 7 are arranged sequentially along the direction of medium flow in the cooling pipeline. An inlet pressure sensor 15, an inlet temperature sensor 12 and a flow sensor 14 are provided on the medium pipeline 18 near the medium inlet 5 of the cooling unit. An outlet pressure sensor 16 and an outlet temperature sensor 13 are provided on the medium pipeline 18 near the medium outlet 6 of the cooling unit. It also includes a controller 10 and a leakage monitoring and interlocking unit 11. The inlet pressure sensor 15, the inlet temperature sensor 12, the flow sensor 14, the outlet pressure sensor 16, and the outlet temperature sensor 13 are all communicatively connected to the controller 10 and the leakage monitoring and interlocking unit 11, respectively. The controller 10 is also communicatively connected to the preheating unit 9, the electromagnetic pump 7, and the heat exchanger 8, respectively. The cooling pipe is also equipped with a medium charging inlet 17.

[0029] The high-heat areas of the smelting furnace of the present invention include the molten pool area (especially near the slag line), the outlet area (including the copper discharge port, slag discharge port and flue gas outlet) and the strong heat flow area (including the area around the spray gun area, the area near the side blowing port, the area near the top blowing port and the electrode insertion area).

[0030] The cooling unit of the present invention includes a cooling channel 4 and an inner liner 2, a metallurgical bonding layer, and an outer jacket 1 sequentially disposed outside the cooling channel 4. The metallurgical bonding layer of the present invention is formed by explosive welding or hot isostatic pressure diffusion bonding. The metallurgical bonding interface 3 is a continuous and dense bonding interface that prevents the cooling medium from directly contacting the outer jacket 1. The metallurgical bonding layer is formed by explosive welding or hot isostatic pressure diffusion bonding.

[0031] The outer layer 1 is made of copper or copper alloy and has a thickness of 10 to 40 mm; the inner lining layer 2 is made of corrosion-resistant metal material compatible with the cooling medium and has a thickness of 1 to 5 mm.

[0032] The cooling medium is a gallium-indium-tin alloy, and the inner liner 2 is one or more of niobium-based alloys, tantalum, and molybdenum; the cooling medium is a lead-bismuth alloy, and the inner liner 2 is molybdenum or a molybdenum alloy; the cooling medium is a sodium-potassium alloy, and the inner liner 2 is stainless steel or a nickel-based alloy. When the cooling medium is molybdenum, it can be a gallium-indium-tin alloy or a lead-bismuth alloy. The matching selection of the material of the inner liner 2 with the cooling medium can improve the corrosion resistance of the inner surface of the cooling channel 4 and the long-term operational stability of the system. When the inner liner 2 is molybdenum, the cooling medium can be optionally a gallium-indium-tin alloy or a lead-bismuth alloy.

[0033] This invention also provides a method for cooling the furnace lining of a pyrometallurgical smelting furnace based on the composite structure of the above-mentioned cooling system, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the specific steps are as follows: S1. System Installation and Access A composite structure pyrometallurgical smelting furnace lining cooling system is installed in the high-heat part of the furnace body. The cooling unit, heat exchanger, electromagnetic pump and preheating unit form a closed loop. According to the system structure, sensor devices are installed on the medium pipeline. The sensor devices include inlet pressure sensor, inlet temperature sensor, flow sensor and outlet pressure sensor and outlet temperature sensor. Each sensing device is connected to the controller, leakage monitoring and interlocking unit for communication; the controller is also connected to the preheating unit, electromagnetic pump and heat exchanger for communication; the system is checked for sealing and continuity, and the sensors are checked for signals to ensure there are no leaks or blockages.

[0034] S2. Select and fill the media and preset system parameters. S2.1, Media Selection Select the cooling medium based on the lining material, furnace operating temperature, and required cooling intensity: When the inner lining is one or more of niobium-based alloys, tantalum, and molybdenum, the furnace operating temperature is 20–300℃ and the heat flux density is 0.05–0.50 MW / m³. 2 When using gallium indium tin alloy as the cooling medium, gallium indium tin alloy is selected. When the inner lining is made of molybdenum or a molybdenum alloy, the furnace operating temperature is 250–600℃ and the heat flux density is 0.30–1.50 MW / m³. 2 At that time, a lead-bismuth alloy was selected; When the inner lining is made of stainless steel or nickel-based alloy, the furnace body operating temperature is 50–700℃, the melting point of the cooling medium is not higher than 0℃, and the circulation stability is established within 5–30 minutes after system startup, with a cooling medium circulation flow rate of 0.5–3.0 m / s; or when the heat flux density is 0.50–2.00 MW / m², sodium-potassium alloy is selected. S2.2, Medium filling The selected cooling medium is introduced into the medium pipeline through the medium inlet, and the gas and impurities in the closed loop are removed by vacuuming, inert gas replacement, or low-point venting and high-point exhaust. S2.3, Set system parameters The cooling medium flow rate is set to be used during normal system operation. , The unit temperature is 0.2–30 m³ per unit. 3 / h; Set the heat exchanger's heat exchange capacity to , Expressed as heat transfer intensity, it ranges from 0.05 to 2.0 MW / m² per unit cooling area. 2 ; Set inlet pressure safety threshold The outlet pressure safety threshold is 0.05–1.50 MPa. The inlet and outlet pressure difference safety threshold is 0.05–1.50 MPa. The pressure is 0.005–0.50 MPa. Set the lower limit threshold of the inlet temperature. The cooling medium should be 15–50°C above its melting point; the upper limit threshold for the outlet temperature. The operating temperature of the cooling medium should be 20–80°C below the upper limit of its allowable operating temperature; a safe threshold range for the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet should be set. - , The temperature is 5-15℃. The temperature ranges from 30 to 80 degrees Celsius. Set a threshold for the rate of increase of the heat load on the melting furnace. The target heat load is set at 5%–20% / min; the inlet temperature deviation threshold, outlet temperature deviation threshold, and inlet / outlet temperature difference deviation threshold are set at 2–20℃; the cooling medium flow rate deviation threshold is set at [value missing]. 5% to 15%; differential pressure deviation threshold is 5% to 20%.

[0035] Set heat loss deviation threshold The threshold for the cooling medium flow rate decrease is 10% to 30% of the rated heat loss value. The threshold for the rate of increase of the inlet and outlet pressure difference is 5% to 20% / min. The rate is 5% to 30% per minute.

[0036] S3, Preheating and Melting The cooling medium is preheated in stages using a preheating unit, making the cooling medium a circulating flow state. The segmented heating process is as follows: heat at 1–3°C / min to 5–15°C below the melting point of the cooling medium and hold for 20–60 min; then heat at 0.5–2°C / min to 10–30°C above the melting point of the cooling medium and hold for 30–90 min; then heat at 1–5°C / min to the target circulating temperature, which is 30–80°C above the melting point of the cooling medium, and hold for 30–120 min. After the segmented heating is completed, the preheating unit switches from heating control mode to constant temperature maintenance mode, keeping the cooling medium temperature within the target circulation temperature range of ±5~15℃. Subsequently, the molten cooling medium is intermittently or continuously driven at 5%~15% of the rated power of the electromagnetic pump, so that the cooling medium flows at a rate of 0.05 ~0.20 The flow rate is circulated at a low flow rate and uniform temperature between the medium pipeline, cooling channel, heat exchanger and preheating unit; During the low-flow isothermal circulation process, the heat exchanger is maintained at a low load or in bypass mode. Specifically, the heat exchanger's heat exchange capacity is controlled as follows: 20%-40%, or the opening degree of the heat exchanger bypass valve is 70%-100%; after each cycle of 3-10 minutes, the controller stops the electromagnetic pump for 5-20 minutes and keeps the preheating unit in a constant temperature maintenance state to compensate for system heat dissipation and keep the temperature of the cooling medium not lower than 20°C above the melting point of the cooling medium.

[0037] When the difference between the inlet temperature measured by the inlet temperature sensor and the outlet temperature measured by the outlet temperature sensor is no greater than 10℃, and this difference persists for 5 to 15 minutes, the preheating and melting process is considered complete, and the low-flow circulation step can be started. S4, Low-flow loop establishment S4.1. Low-flow loop initiation is initiated when the following conditions are met simultaneously: (1) When the temperatures displayed by both the inlet temperature sensor and the outlet temperature sensor are 30-80°C higher than the melting point of the cooling medium; (2) When the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet is no greater than 5 to 10°C; After the above conditions are met, the controller drives the electromagnetic pump to start, and establishes a closed loop using 5% to 20% of the electromagnetic pump's rated power as the initial drive power; the build-up flow rate during the low-flow build-up phase is set to 0.05. ~0.25 The controller adjusts the electromagnetic pump drive power based on the measured flow rate fed back by the flow sensor, so that the cooling medium circulation flow rate gradually reaches the required circulation flow rate. When the measured flow rate is below 0.05 During this period, the controller maintains constant temperature heating in the preheating unit and increases the electromagnetic pump drive power at a rate not exceeding 1% to 3% / min of the electromagnetic pump's rated power, or performs exhaust, impurity removal, and blockage checks; when the measured flow rate is higher than 0.25... At this time, the controller reduces the electromagnetic pump drive power, causing the cooling medium flow rate to drop back to the established circulation flow rate range; S4.2 Cyclic Stability Determination The controller determines cycle stability based on data monitored by the flow sensor, inlet pressure sensor, and outlet pressure sensor. Cycle stability determination requires the following conditions to be met simultaneously: (1) Within a continuous monitoring period of 5 to 15 minutes, the fluctuation of the cooling medium flow rate does not exceed ±5% to ±10%; (2) Both the inlet pressure and the outlet pressure are within the preset safe pressure threshold; (3) The fluctuation of the import and export pressure difference does not exceed ±10% to ±15%; (4) No sudden drop in cooling medium flow rate, sudden increase in differential pressure, abnormal increase in inlet negative pressure or outlet pressure occurred. Among them, a sudden drop in cooling medium flow rate refers to a decrease in cooling medium flow rate exceeding a certain value within 30 to 120 seconds. 10%–20%; a sudden increase in differential pressure refers to an increase in the inlet and outlet differential pressure exceeding 10% within 30–120 seconds. 10%–20%; negative inlet pressure refers to an inlet pressure lower than ambient pressure by 0.005–0.02 MPa; abnormally high outlet pressure refers to an outlet pressure exceeding... Or the increase exceeds within 30–120 seconds 10% to 20%; If the above conditions are met, the closed loop is determined to be stable, and the load commissioning and cooling process is allowed. If the above conditions are not met, the controller maintains the preheating unit in heating mode and prohibits the electromagnetic pump from continuing to increase power, while performing the following stability recovery operation: (1) When the flow rate is below 0.05 Or the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet exceeds When the electromagnetic pump is in operation, the controller reduces the driving power of the electromagnetic pump to 5% to 10% of the rated power. After the inlet temperature, outlet temperature, cooling medium flow rate, and inlet-outlet pressure difference stabilize for 5 to 15 minutes (the fluctuation range meets the stability criterion described in S4.2), the driving power of the electromagnetic pump is gradually increased at a rate not exceeding 1% to 3% of the rated power of the electromagnetic pump per minute. At the same time, the medium pipeline and cooling flow channel are checked for exhaust, impurity removal, or blockage until the circulation is stable. S5, Load commissioning cooling As the furnace temperature rises or the smelting load increases, the controller increases the electromagnetic pump drive power and the heat exchanger heat exchange capacity in a staged power-up manner, specifically as follows: After the closed-loop system stabilizes, gradually increase the electromagnetic pump drive power from 5%–20% of the rated power to 20%–60%. When the outlet temperature, inlet / outlet temperature difference, or furnace heat load continues to rise, further increase the electromagnetic pump drive power to 60%–90%; the heat exchanger's heat exchange capacity is simultaneously increased. The percentage gradually increased from 20%–40% to 60%–100%; During the cooling process, the cooling medium contacts the inner lining in the cooling channel and flows along the cooling channel, absorbing the heat transferred from the high heat load part of the melting furnace through the outer jacket, metallurgical bonding layer and inner lining, and after releasing the heat in the heat exchanger, it returns to the cooling channel to cool the furnace body again. When the outlet temperature is higher Or the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet is greater than Or the rate of increase of heat load exceeds The controller first increases the drive power of the electromagnetic pump to increase the flow rate of the cooling medium, and simultaneously increases the heat exchanger's heat exchange capacity; when the inlet temperature is lower than... Or the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet is less than The controller reduces the heat exchanger's heat exchange capacity or the electromagnetic pump's drive power to avoid localized solidification of the cooling medium or excessive thermal shock at the interface of the composite structure.

[0038] S6, Closed-loop control The controller uses a sampling period of 1–10 seconds to collect data in real time from the inlet temperature sensor, outlet temperature sensor, flow sensor, inlet pressure sensor, and outlet pressure sensor, obtaining the inlet temperature data. outlet temperature Cooling medium flow rate Inlet pressure and export pressure And calculate the temperature difference between inlet and outlet. Inlet and outlet pressure difference and heat load per unit time The calculation formula is: ; ; ; In the formula, The density of the cooling medium, The specific heat capacity at constant pressure of the cooling medium. This refers to the volumetric flow rate of the cooling medium. The controller is based on 3 to 10 consecutive sampling periods. , , and The change in quantity is used to determine the trend of heat load change and to calculate the operating deviation; when The rate of increase is greater than 3 for more than 3 consecutive sampling periods. When, it is judged that the heat load is increasing; when The rate of decrease was less than 1% for more than 3 consecutive sampling periods. When, it is judged that the heat load is decreasing; when When the rate of change does not exceed ±5% / min of the target heat load for 3 to 10 consecutive sampling cycles, it is judged to be in a stable heat load state; operating deviations include inlet temperature deviation, outlet temperature deviation, flow rate deviation, pressure difference deviation, and temperature difference deviation; The controller compares the above operating deviations with preset deviation thresholds; when any operating deviation exceeds the corresponding threshold, the controller adjusts as follows: (1) When the outlet temperature is higher than Or the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet exceeds At the same time, increase the rated power of the electromagnetic pump by 5% to 20% and improve the heat exchanger's heat exchange capacity. 10% to 30%; (2) When the inlet temperature is lower than At the same time, reduce the heat exchanger's heat exchange capacity. Increase the current heating power of the preheating unit by 10% to 30% or 10% to 50%. (3) When the cooling medium flow rate is lower than Furthermore, if the differential pressure does not exceed the differential pressure deviation threshold, increase the rated power of the electromagnetic pump by 5% to 20%. (4) When the flow rate of the cooling medium decreases for 10-20 seconds and the pressure difference increases for 10-20 seconds, it is determined that there is a risk of blockage, the power of the electromagnetic pump is limited, and the abnormal diagnosis process is initiated. The controller of this invention incorporates an adaptive control model for heat load prediction, specifically employing a heat load prediction control model based on a long short-term memory neural network, namely an LSTM neural network control model. The LSTM neural network control model takes continuous time series operating data as input and outputs future trends in heat load, as well as adjustment suggestions for electromagnetic pump drive power, heat exchanger heat exchange capacity, and preheating unit heating power. The controller collects data with a sampling period of 1–10 seconds. , , , , , Electromagnetic pump drive power and heat exchanger operating power The above data, spanning 30 to 300 seconds, are then used to form an input time series. The LSTM neural network control model consists of an input layer, 1-3 hidden layers, a fully connected layer, and an output layer; each hidden layer has 16-128 neurons, and the input layer is used to receive signals. , , , , , , and The system consists of time-series data; a hidden layer for extracting dynamic features of heat load over time; a fully connected layer for mapping these dynamic features to control parameters; and an output layer for outputting the heat load per unit time for the next 1–10 minutes. outlet temperature Inlet and outlet temperature difference The prediction results, and suggestions for adjusting the electromagnetic pump drive power, heat exchanger heat exchange capacity and preheating unit heating power.

[0039] The training samples for the LSTM neural network control model are derived from historical operating data of the cooling system and trial operation data of the smelting furnace under different load conditions. Each training sample includes 30–300 seconds of continuous data. , , , , , , , Data on heating power of the preheating unit; the number of training samples ranges from 100 to 10,000.

[0040] Before training, , , , , , , , The heating power data of the preheating unit were normalized, and the normalized parameter values ​​ranged from 0 to 1. The training objective was to make the heat load per unit time output by the LSTM neural network control model reach the specified value. outlet temperature and inlet / outlet temperature difference The predicted results are compared with the measured heat load per unit time. outlet temperature and inlet / outlet temperature difference The error between them is minimal; When the LSTM neural network control model predicts the heat load per unit time Rise, or predict export temperature Approaching or exceeding Or predict the temperature difference between import and export. Approaching or exceeding At that time, the controller, based on the adjustment suggestions output by the LSTM neural network control model, will increase the electromagnetic pump drive power or the heat exchanger heat exchange capacity in advance to increase the cooling medium circulation flow and the system heat dissipation capacity. When the LSTM neural network control model predicts Decline, or prediction Close to or below When the temperature of the cooling medium approaches the solidification risk range, the controller reduces the heat exchange capacity of the heat exchanger or the drive power of the electromagnetic pump according to the adjustment suggestions output by the LSTM neural network control model, and starts or increases the heating power of the preheating unit to suppress temperature fluctuations and thermal stress impacts at the composite structure interface. The solidification risk zone refers to the temperature range where the temperature of the cooling medium is 5 to 15°C above the melting point of the cooling medium. The adjustment suggestions output by the LSTM neural network control model are constrained by a preset safe operating range. The single adjustment range of the electromagnetic pump drive power is 1% to 10% of the electromagnetic pump's rated power, and the adjustment rate does not exceed 10% / min of the electromagnetic pump's rated power; the single adjustment range of the heat exchanger's heat exchange capacity is... 5% to 20%, adjustment rate not exceeding 20% / min; the single adjustment range of the heating power of the preheating unit is 5% to 30% of the rated power of the preheating unit; S7. Abnormal Diagnosis and Interlocking Leakage monitoring and interlocking unit receives in real time , , , , , and The above data is then subjected to moving average filtering, outlier removal, and normalization to obtain multi-sensor fusion judgment data. The leakage monitoring and interlocking unit integrates and judges system anomalies based on the rate of change of flow rate, rate of change of differential pressure, rate of change of temperature difference, and deviation of heat loss.

[0041] The heat loss deviation is calculated as follows: in: In the formula, The value is predicted by the LSTM neural network control model when the heat loss deviation... Continue to exceed At that time, the leak monitoring and interlocking unit determined that there was a risk of abnormal heat loss in the cooling circuit; The leak monitoring and interlocking unit determines a risk of liquid metal leakage when any of the following conditions are met: (1) In the electromagnetic pump drive power Under the condition of constant flow rate of cooling medium The inlet pressure continues to drop for 10-20 seconds. or export pressure Synchronous descent, with deviation in heat loss. Exceed ; (2) Within 3 to 10 consecutive sampling periods, the cooling medium flow rate decrease rate exceeds 5% to 20% / min, or pressure difference Comparison The temperature decreases by 10% to 30%, accompanied by fluctuations in outlet temperature exceeding 10 to 30°C within 30 to 120 seconds; The leakage monitoring and interlocking unit determines that there is a risk of flow channel blockage when any of the following conditions occur: electromagnetic pump drive power If the increase is not significant or the situation remains unchanged: (1) Cooling medium flow rate reduce; (2) Pressure difference between inlet and outlet Increase; (3) Outlet temperature or temperature difference between inlet and outlet The temperature rises continuously for 10-20 seconds; (4) Pressure difference The rate of increase exceeded And traffic It does not increase synchronously with the increase of electromagnetic pump drive power; The leak monitoring and interlocking unit determines a risk of cooling medium solidification when any of the following conditions occur: (1) Inlet temperature or outlet temperature The warning range is 5–15°C above the melting point of the cooling medium, and the cooling medium flow rate is... Decrease or pressure difference Increase; (2) After the heating power of the preheating unit is increased, the inlet temperature It continues to decline and is approaching the melting point of the cooling medium.

[0042] The leak monitoring and interlocking unit determines a risk of localized overheating when any of the following conditions occur: (1) Outlet temperature Exceeding the preset ; (2) Temperature difference between inlet and outlet Exceeding the preset ; (3) Measured heat load per unit time The rate of increase exceeded 5%–20% / min over 3–10 consecutive sampling periods, and the actual flow rate of the cooling medium... The flow rate is lower than the target flow rate range for the corresponding heat load; where the target flow rate range is 0.8. ~1.2 ,in , This represents the target inlet and outlet temperature difference under normal operating conditions. The leak monitoring and interlocking unit determines that the sensor is malfunctioning when any of the following conditions occur: (1) Under the same stable operating conditions, the inlet or outlet temperature changes by more than 10 to 30°C between adjacent sampling cycles, and the inlet or outlet pressure changes by more than 10% to 20% of the corresponding sensor range; (2) Inlet temperature, outlet temperature, inlet pressure, outlet pressure or cooling medium flow rate It remains unchanged for 5 to 30 minutes, or the change is less than 0.5% to 2% of the corresponding sensor range; (3) The thermal balance relationship formed by data from any sensor does not match with that formed by data from other sensors: the actual heat absorbed per unit time calculated based on the sensor data. Compared with theoretical heat absorption The deviation between them exceeds 20% to 40%; The leakage monitoring and interlocking unit executes interlocking strategies according to the severity of the anomaly. Calculate according to the following formula: in, This is a traffic anomaly index. The pressure difference abnormality index. This is a temperature difference anomalous index. This is the heat loss deviation anomaly index. , , , Let be the weighting coefficient, and: in, In the formula, Real-time flow rate of the cooling medium; For the pressure difference between inlet and outlet, ; For the temperature difference between inlet and outlet, , This represents the target inlet and outlet temperature difference under normal operating conditions. The actual heat absorbed per unit time. , The theoretical heat absorption is calculated by the controller based on historical operating data, electromagnetic pump drive power, heat exchanger operating status and smelting furnace load status (for example, the sliding average value of the measured heat load during continuous stable operation, or the predicted heat load value output by the LSTM neural network control model).

[0043] when , , ,or If the calculation result is greater than 1, it is counted as 1 in the abnormality level. Calculation; When the degree of abnormality When the leakage falls below the first threshold, the leakage monitoring and interlocking unit outputs an early warning message and maintains circulating cooling. When the degree of abnormality When the first threshold is reached but below the second threshold, the leak monitoring and interlocking unit sends a heat load reduction request to the controller, requesting a reduction of 10% to 40% of the current heat load. Simultaneously, the leak monitoring and interlocking unit determines the dominant anomaly type based on real-time monitoring data and sends corresponding coordinated control commands to the controller. (1) If the dominant type is high temperature (outlet temperature) Exceed or temperature difference between inlet and outlet Exceed When this occurs, the controller increases the current electromagnetic pump drive power by 5% to 20% and improves the heat exchanger's heat exchange capacity. 5% to 30%; (2) If the dominant anomaly type is solidification risk (inlet temperature) When the temperature is within the solidification risk range of 5–15°C above the melting point of the cooling medium, the controller reduces the heat exchanger's heat exchange capacity. Increase the current heating power of the preheating unit by 5% to 30% and increase it by 10% to 50%. (3) If the dominant anomaly type is flow channel blockage risk (cooling medium flow rate) Below And the pressure difference between inlet and outlet Exceed When this happens, the controller stops the electromagnetic pump from continuing to increase power and performs exhaust, impurity removal, or blockage checks; (4) If the dominant anomaly type is leakage risk (cooling medium flow rate) Below And inlet pressure or export pressure During synchronous descent, the controller reduces the current drive power of the electromagnetic pump by 5% to 20% and outputs a leakage risk warning. When the degree of abnormality When the second threshold is reached, the leakage monitoring and interlocking unit performs one or more of the following operations: pump stop, alarm, emergency boiler shutdown, disconnection of medium circuit, or isolation protection. S8, Shutdown and Maintenance After the furnace body is reduced in load or shut down, the cooling medium is kept circulating until the temperature of the furnace lining and the cooling medium drops to a preset safe value. Then the power of the electromagnetic pump is reduced, and the cooling medium is kept above the melting point through the preheating unit, or the circuit is kept warm, discharged, inspected and restarted under safe isolation conditions.

[0044] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A composite structure pyrometallurgical smelting furnace lining cooling system, characterized in that: The system includes a cooling unit and a medium pipeline. Cooling medium flows through the medium pipeline. The cooling unit is located on the outer surface of the furnace body at the high-heat section of the melting furnace. The two ends of the cooling unit are respectively configured as a medium inlet and a medium outlet, which are connected to the two ends of the medium pipeline. The cooling pipeline is provided with a heat exchanger, a preheating unit, and an electromagnetic pump in sequence along the direction of medium flow. An inlet pressure sensor, an inlet temperature sensor, and a flow sensor are installed on the medium pipeline near the medium inlet of the cooling unit, and an outlet pressure sensor and an outlet temperature sensor are installed on the medium pipeline near the medium outlet of the cooling unit. It also includes a controller and a leakage monitoring and interlocking unit. The inlet pressure sensor, inlet temperature sensor, flow sensor, outlet pressure sensor and outlet temperature sensor are all connected to the controller and the leakage monitoring and interlocking unit respectively. The controller is also connected to the preheating unit, electromagnetic pump and heat exchanger respectively. The cooling pipe is also equipped with a medium filling inlet.

2. The composite structure pyrometallurgical smelting furnace lining cooling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-heat areas of the smelting furnace include the molten pool area, the outlet area, and the area with strong heat flow.

3. The composite structure pyrometallurgical smelting furnace lining cooling system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cooling unit includes a cooling channel and an inner lining, a metallurgical bonding layer, and an outer jacket layer arranged sequentially outside the cooling channel. The outer jacket is made of copper or a copper alloy and has a thickness of 10–40 mm; the inner lining is made of a corrosion-resistant metal material compatible with the cooling medium and has a thickness of 1–5 mm.

4. The composite structure pyrometallurgical smelting furnace lining cooling system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The cooling medium is a gallium indium tin alloy, and the inner lining is one or more of niobium-based alloy, tantalum, and molybdenum.

5. The composite structure pyrometallurgical smelting furnace lining cooling system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The cooling medium is a lead-bismuth alloy, and the inner lining is molybdenum or a molybdenum alloy.

6. The composite structure pyrometallurgical smelting furnace lining cooling system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The cooling medium is a sodium-potassium alloy, and the inner lining is stainless steel or a nickel-based alloy.

7. The composite structure pyrometallurgical smelting furnace lining cooling system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The metallurgical bonding layer is formed by explosive welding or hot isostatic diffusion bonding.

8. A method for cooling the furnace lining of a pyrometallurgical smelting furnace based on a composite structure of the cooling system according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that: The specific steps are as follows: S1. System Installation and Access The composite structure pyrometallurgical smelting furnace lining cooling system is installed in the high-heat part of the furnace body. The cooling unit, heat exchanger, electromagnetic pump and preheating unit form a closed loop. According to the system structure, inlet pressure sensor, inlet temperature sensor, flow sensor and outlet pressure sensor and outlet temperature sensor are installed on the medium pipeline. All components are installed and connected according to the system structure. S2. Select and fill the media and preset system parameters. S2.1, Media Selection Select the cooling medium based on the lining material, furnace operating temperature, and required cooling intensity: When the inner lining is one or more of niobium-based alloys, tantalum, and molybdenum, the furnace operating temperature is 20–300℃ and the heat flux density is 0.05–0.50 MW / m³. 2 When using gallium indium tin alloy, it is recommended to select it. When the inner lining is made of molybdenum or a molybdenum alloy, the furnace operating temperature is 250–600℃ and the heat flux density is 0.30–1.50 MW / m³. 2 At that time, a lead-bismuth alloy was selected; When the inner lining is made of stainless steel or nickel-based alloy, the furnace body operating temperature is 50–700℃, the melting point of the cooling medium is not higher than 0℃, and the circulation stability is established within 5–30 minutes after system startup, with a cooling medium circulation flow rate of 0.5–3.0 m / s; or when the heat flux density is 0.50–2.00 MW / m², sodium-potassium alloy is selected. S2.2, Medium filling The selected cooling medium is introduced into the medium pipeline through the medium inlet, and the gas and impurities in the closed loop are removed by vacuuming, inert gas replacement, or low-point venting and high-point exhaust. S2.3, Set system parameters The cooling medium flow rate is set to be used during normal system operation. The heat exchanger's heat exchange capacity is set to... , Expressed per unit cooling area; Set the inlet pressure safety threshold to... The export pressure safety threshold is The safety threshold for pressure difference between inlet and outlet is: ; Set the inlet temperature lower limit threshold to ; The upper limit threshold for outlet temperature is ; Set the threshold for the safe range of temperature difference between inlet and outlet. - ; Set the threshold for the rate of increase of the heat load of the melting furnace as follows: Set inlet temperature deviation threshold, outlet temperature deviation threshold, and inlet / outlet temperature difference deviation threshold; set cooling medium flow rate deviation threshold and pressure difference deviation threshold; Set the heat loss deviation threshold to The threshold values ​​for the rate of decrease in cooling medium flow rate and the threshold values ​​for the rate of increase in inlet and outlet pressure difference are: ; S3, Preheating and Melting The cooling medium is preheated in stages using a preheating unit, making the cooling medium a circulating flow state. The segmented heating process is as follows: heat at 1–3°C / min to 5–15°C below the melting point of the cooling medium and hold for 20–60 min; then heat at 0.5–2°C / min to 10–30°C above the melting point of the cooling medium and hold for 30–90 min; then heat at 1–5°C / min to the target circulating temperature, which is 30–80°C above the melting point of the cooling medium, and hold for 30–120 min. After the segmented heating is completed, the preheating unit switches from heating control mode to constant temperature maintenance mode, keeping the cooling medium temperature within the target circulation temperature range of ±5~15℃. Subsequently, the molten cooling medium is intermittently or continuously driven at 5%~15% of the rated power of the electromagnetic pump, so that the cooling medium flows at a rate of 0.05 ~0.20 The flow rate is circulated at a low flow rate and uniform temperature between the medium pipeline, cooling channel, heat exchanger and preheating unit; During the low-flow isothermal circulation process, the heat exchanger is maintained at a low load or in bypass mode. Specifically, the heat exchanger's heat exchange capacity is controlled as follows: 20%-40%, or the opening of the heat exchanger bypass valve is 70%-100%; after each cycle of 3-10 minutes, the controller stops the electromagnetic pump for 5-20 minutes and keeps the preheating unit in a constant temperature maintenance state; When the difference between the inlet temperature measured by the inlet temperature sensor and the outlet temperature measured by the outlet temperature sensor is no greater than 10℃, and this difference persists for 5 to 15 minutes, the preheating and melting process is considered complete, and the low-flow circulation step can be started. S4, Low-flow loop establishment S4.

1. Low-flow loop establishment is initiated when the following conditions are met simultaneously: (1) When the temperatures displayed by both the inlet temperature sensor and the outlet temperature sensor are 30-80°C higher than the melting point of the cooling medium; (2) When the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet is no greater than 5 to 10°C; After the above conditions are met, the controller drives the electromagnetic pump to start and establishes a closed loop with 5% to 20% of the rated power of the electromagnetic pump as the initial drive power. Set the build-up flow rate for the low-flow build-up phase to 0.

05. ~0.25 The controller adjusts the electromagnetic pump drive power based on the measured flow rate fed back by the flow sensor, so that the cooling medium circulation flow rate gradually reaches the required circulation flow rate. When the measured flow rate is below 0.05 During this period, the controller maintains constant temperature heating in the preheating unit and increases the electromagnetic pump drive power at a rate not exceeding 1% to 3% / min of the electromagnetic pump's rated power, or performs exhaust, impurity removal, and blockage checks; when the measured flow rate is higher than 0.25... At this time, the controller reduces the electromagnetic pump drive power, causing the cooling medium flow rate to drop back to the established circulation flow rate range; S4.2 Cyclic Stability Determination The controller determines cycle stability based on data monitored by the flow sensor, inlet pressure sensor, and outlet pressure sensor. Cycle stability determination requires the following conditions to be met simultaneously: (1) Within a continuous monitoring period of 5 to 15 minutes, the fluctuation of the cooling medium flow rate does not exceed ±5% to ±10%; (2) Both the inlet pressure and the outlet pressure are within the preset safe pressure threshold; (3) The fluctuation of the import and export pressure difference does not exceed ±10% to ±15%; (4) No sudden drop in cooling medium flow rate, sudden increase in differential pressure, abnormal increase in inlet negative pressure or outlet pressure occurred. Among them, a sudden drop in cooling medium flow rate refers to a decrease in cooling medium flow rate exceeding a certain value within 30 to 120 seconds. 10%–20%; a sudden increase in differential pressure refers to an increase in the inlet and outlet differential pressure exceeding 10% within 30–120 seconds. 10%–20%; negative inlet pressure refers to an inlet pressure lower than ambient pressure by 0.005–0.02 MPa; abnormally high outlet pressure refers to an outlet pressure exceeding... Or the increase exceeds within 30–120 seconds 10% to 20%; If the above conditions are met, the closed loop is deemed stable, and the load commissioning and cooling process is allowed. If the above conditions are not met, the controller maintains the preheating unit in heating mode and prohibits the electromagnetic pump from continuing to increase power, while performing the following stability recovery operation: (1) When the flow rate is below 0.05 Or the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet exceeds When the electromagnetic pump is in operation, the controller will reduce the driving power of the electromagnetic pump to 5% to 10% of the rated power. After the inlet temperature, outlet temperature, cooling medium flow rate and inlet-outlet pressure difference have been stable for 5 to 15 minutes, the driving power of the electromagnetic pump will be gradually increased at a rate not exceeding 1% to 3% of the rated power of the electromagnetic pump per minute. At the same time, the medium pipeline and cooling channel will be checked for exhaust, impurity removal or blockage until the circulation is stable. S5, Load commissioning cooling As the furnace temperature rises or the smelting load increases, the controller increases the electromagnetic pump drive power and the heat exchanger heat exchange capacity in a staged power-up manner, specifically as follows: After the closed-loop system stabilizes, gradually increase the electromagnetic pump drive power from 5%–20% of the rated power to 20%–60%. When the outlet temperature, inlet / outlet temperature difference, or furnace heat load continues to rise, further increase the electromagnetic pump drive power to 60%–90%; the heat exchanger's heat exchange capacity is simultaneously increased. The percentage gradually increased from 20%–40% to 60%–100%; When the outlet temperature is higher Or the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet is greater than Or the rate of increase of heat load exceeds The controller first increases the drive power of the electromagnetic pump to increase the flow rate of the cooling medium, and simultaneously increases the heat exchanger's heat exchange capacity; when the inlet temperature is lower than... Or the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet is less than The controller reduces the heat exchanger's heat exchange capacity or reduces the electromagnetic pump's drive power. S6, Closed-loop control The controller uses a sampling period of 1–10 seconds to collect data in real time from the inlet temperature sensor, outlet temperature sensor, flow sensor, inlet pressure sensor, and outlet pressure sensor, obtaining the inlet temperature data. outlet temperature Cooling medium flow rate Inlet pressure and export pressure And calculate the temperature difference between inlet and outlet. Inlet and outlet pressure difference and heat load per unit time The calculation formula is: ； ； ； In the formula, The density of the cooling medium, The specific heat capacity at constant pressure of the cooling medium. This refers to the volumetric flow rate of the cooling medium. The controller is based on 3 to 10 consecutive sampling periods. , , and The change in quantity is used to determine the trend of heat load change and to calculate the operating deviation; when The rate of increase is greater than 3 for more than 3 consecutive sampling periods. When, it is judged that the heat load is increasing; when The rate of decrease is less than 1% for more than 3 consecutive sampling periods. When, it is judged that the heat load is decreasing; when When the rate of change does not exceed ±5% / min of the target heat load for 3 to 10 consecutive sampling cycles, it is judged to be in a stable heat load state; operating deviations include inlet temperature deviation, outlet temperature deviation, flow rate deviation, pressure difference deviation, and temperature difference deviation; The controller compares the above operating deviations with preset deviation thresholds; when any operating deviation exceeds the corresponding threshold, the controller adjusts as follows: (1) When the outlet temperature is higher than Or the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet exceeds At the same time, increase the rated power of the electromagnetic pump by 5% to 20% and improve the heat exchanger's heat exchange capacity. 10% to 30%; (2) When the inlet temperature is lower than At the same time, reduce the heat exchanger's heat exchange capacity. Increase the current heating power of the preheating unit by 10% to 30% or 10% to 50%. (3) When the cooling medium flow rate is lower than Furthermore, if the differential pressure does not exceed the differential pressure deviation threshold, increase the rated power of the electromagnetic pump by 5% to 20%. (4) When the flow rate of the cooling medium decreases for 10-20 seconds and the pressure difference increases for 10-20 seconds, it is determined that there is a risk of blockage, the power of the electromagnetic pump is limited, and the abnormal diagnosis process is initiated. The controller of this invention incorporates an adaptive control model for heat load prediction, specifically employing an LSTM neural network control model: The LSTM neural network control model takes continuous time series operating data as input and outputs future trends in heat load, as well as adjustment suggestions for electromagnetic pump drive power, heat exchanger heat exchange capacity, and preheating unit heating power. The controller collects data with a sampling period of 1–10 seconds. , , , , , Electromagnetic pump drive power and heat exchanger operating power The above data, spanning 30 to 300 seconds, are then used to form an input time series. The LSTM neural network control model includes an input layer, a preset number of hidden layers, fully connected layers, and an output layer; the input layer is used to receive signals. , , , , , , and The system uses time-series data; a hidden layer extracts the dynamic features of heat load over time; a fully connected layer maps these dynamic features to control parameters; and an output layer outputs the predicted heat load per unit time. outlet temperature Inlet and outlet temperature difference The predicted results, and suggestions for adjusting the electromagnetic pump drive power, heat exchanger heat exchange capacity and preheating unit heating power; When the LSTM neural network control model predicts the heat load per unit time Rise, or predict export temperature Approaching or exceeding Or predict the temperature difference between import and export. Approaching or exceeding At that time, the controller, based on the adjustment suggestions output by the LSTM neural network control model, will increase the electromagnetic pump drive power or the heat exchanger heat exchange capacity in advance to increase the cooling medium circulation flow and the system heat dissipation capacity. When the LSTM neural network control model predicts Decline, or prediction Close to or below When the temperature of the cooling medium approaches the solidification risk range, the controller reduces the heat exchange capacity of the heat exchanger or the drive power of the electromagnetic pump according to the adjustment suggestions output by the LSTM neural network control model, and starts or increases the heating power of the preheating unit to suppress temperature fluctuations and thermal stress impacts at the composite structure interface. The solidification risk zone refers to the temperature range where the temperature of the cooling medium is 5 to 15°C above the melting point of the cooling medium. The adjustment suggestions output by the LSTM neural network control model are constrained by a preset safe operating range. The single adjustment range of the electromagnetic pump drive power is 1% to 10% of the electromagnetic pump's rated power, and the adjustment rate does not exceed 10% / min of the electromagnetic pump's rated power; the single adjustment range of the heat exchanger's heat exchange capacity is... 5% to 20%, adjustment rate not exceeding 20% / min; the single adjustment range of the heating power of the preheating unit is 5% to 30% of the rated power of the preheating unit; S7. Abnormal Diagnosis and Interlocking Leakage monitoring and interlocking unit receives in real time , , , , , and The above data is then subjected to moving average filtering, outlier removal, and normalization to obtain multi-sensor fusion judgment data. The leakage monitoring and interlocking unit integrates and judges system anomalies based on the rate of change of flow rate, rate of change of differential pressure, rate of change of temperature difference, and deviation of heat loss; The heat loss deviation is calculated as follows: in: In the formula, The value is predicted by the LSTM neural network control model when the heat loss deviation... Continue to exceed At that time, the leak monitoring and interlocking unit determined that there was a risk of abnormal heat loss in the cooling circuit; The leak monitoring and interlocking unit determines a risk of liquid metal leakage when any of the following conditions are met: (1) In the electromagnetic pump drive power Under the condition of constant flow rate of cooling medium The inlet pressure continues to drop for 10-20 seconds. or export pressure Synchronous descent, with deviation in heat loss. Exceed ; (2) Within 3 to 10 consecutive sampling periods, the cooling medium flow rate decrease rate exceeds 5% to 20% / min, or pressure difference Comparison The temperature decreases by 10% to 30%, accompanied by fluctuations in outlet temperature exceeding 10 to 30°C within 30 to 120 seconds; The leakage monitoring and interlocking unit determines that there is a risk of flow channel blockage when any of the following conditions occur: electromagnetic pump drive power If the increase is not significant or the situation remains unchanged: (1) Cooling medium flow rate reduce; (2) Pressure difference between inlet and outlet Increase; (3) Outlet temperature or temperature difference between inlet and outlet The temperature rises continuously for 10-20 seconds; (4) Pressure difference The rate of increase exceeded And traffic It does not increase synchronously with the increase of electromagnetic pump drive power; The leak monitoring and interlocking unit determines a risk of cooling medium solidification when any of the following conditions occur: (1) Inlet temperature or outlet temperature The warning range is 5–15°C above the melting point of the cooling medium, and the cooling medium flow rate is... Decrease or pressure difference Increase; (2) After the heating power of the preheating unit is increased, the inlet temperature It continues to decline and is approaching the melting point of the cooling medium; The leak monitoring and interlocking unit determines a risk of localized overheating when any of the following conditions occur: (1) Outlet temperature Exceeding the preset ; (2) Temperature difference between inlet and outlet Exceeding the preset ; (3) Measured heat load per unit time The rate of increase exceeded 5%–20% / min over 3–10 consecutive sampling periods, and the actual flow rate of the cooling medium… The flow rate is lower than the target flow rate range for the corresponding heat load; where the target flow rate range is 0.

8. ~1.2 ,in , This represents the target inlet and outlet temperature difference under normal operating conditions. The leak monitoring and interlocking unit determines that the sensor is malfunctioning when any of the following conditions occur: (1) Under the same stable operating conditions, the inlet or outlet temperature changes by more than 10 to 30°C between adjacent sampling cycles, and the inlet or outlet pressure changes by more than 10% to 20% of the corresponding sensor range; (2) Inlet temperature, outlet temperature, inlet pressure, outlet pressure or cooling medium flow rate It remains unchanged for 5 to 30 minutes, or the change is less than 0.5% to 2% of the corresponding sensor range; (3) The thermal balance relationship formed by data from any sensor does not match with that formed by data from other sensors: the actual heat absorbed per unit time calculated based on the sensor data. Compared with theoretical heat absorption The deviation between them exceeds 20% to 40%; The leakage monitoring and interlocking unit executes interlocking strategies according to the severity of the anomaly. Calculate according to the following formula: in, This is a traffic anomaly index. The pressure difference abnormality index. This is a temperature difference anomalous index. This is the heat loss deviation anomaly index. , , , Let be the weighting coefficient, and: in, In the formula, Real-time flow rate of the cooling medium; For the pressure difference between inlet and outlet, ; For the temperature difference between inlet and outlet, , This represents the target inlet and outlet temperature difference under normal operating conditions. The actual heat absorbed per unit time. , The theoretical heat absorption is calculated by the controller based on historical operating data, electromagnetic pump drive power, heat exchanger operating status, and smelting furnace load status. when , , ,or If the calculation result is greater than 1, it is counted as 1 in the abnormality level. Calculation; When the degree of abnormality When the leakage falls below the first threshold, the leakage monitoring and interlocking unit outputs an early warning message and maintains circulating cooling. When the degree of abnormality When the first threshold is reached but below the second threshold, the leak monitoring and interlocking unit sends a heat load reduction request to the controller, requesting a reduction of 10% to 40% of the current heat load. Simultaneously, the leak monitoring and interlocking unit determines the dominant anomaly type based on real-time monitoring data and sends corresponding coordinated control commands to the controller. (1) If the dominant type is that the temperature exceeds the threshold, the controller increases the current electromagnetic pump drive power by 5% to 20% and increases the heat exchanger heat exchange capacity. 5% to 30%; (2) If the dominant anomaly type is solidification risk, the controller reduces the heat exchanger's heat exchange capacity. Increase the current heating power of the preheating unit by 5% to 30% and increase it by 10% to 50%. (3) If the dominant abnormality type is the risk of flow channel blockage, the controller stops the electromagnetic pump from continuing to increase power and performs exhaust, impurity removal or blockage checks; (4) If the dominant abnormality type is leakage risk, the controller reduces the current drive power of the electromagnetic pump by 5% to 20% and outputs a leakage risk warning. When the degree of abnormality When the second threshold is reached, the leakage monitoring and interlocking unit performs one or more of the following operations: pump stop, alarm, emergency boiler shutdown, disconnection of medium circuit, or isolation protection. S8, Shutdown and Maintenance After the furnace body is reduced in load or shut down, the cooling medium is kept circulating until the temperature of the furnace lining and the cooling medium drops to a preset safe value. Then the power of the electromagnetic pump is reduced, and the cooling medium is kept above the melting point through the preheating unit, or the circuit is kept warm, discharged, inspected and restarted under safe isolation conditions.

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