An automatic loading mechanism based on high-pressure gas drive and a firearm

Abstract

The application discloses an automatic loading mechanism based on high-pressure gas driving and a firearm, which comprises a receiver, a guide pipe, a bullet storage bin, a loading assembly, a sleeve and a reset member. The guide pipe is installed on the receiver, and a launching channel is arranged in the guide pipe, and a launching port is formed at the front end of the guide pipe. The bullet storage bin is installed on the receiver and is used for accommodating bullets to be chambered. The loading assembly is slidably arranged between the guide pipe and the bullet storage bin, and the loading assembly is provided with a loading cavity used for accommodating bullets. The sleeve is sleeved outside the guide pipe, and a gas pressure action cavity is formed between the sleeve and the guide pipe, which is used for receiving high-pressure gas generated after the bullet is fired, driving the sleeve to drive the loading assembly to be close to and communicate with the bullet storage bin, so as to receive the next bullet. The reset member provides driving force for the loading assembly to be close to the guide pipe, so that the bullet in the loading cavity is pushed into the launching channel. The application solves the technical problem that the existing automatic loading mode is poor in motion stability because high-pressure gas directly acts on the receiver.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of firearms technology, and in particular to an automatic loading mechanism based on high-pressure gas and a firearm. Background Technology

[0002] In existing automatic loading mechanisms for firearms, high-pressure gas or recoil usually acts directly on the bolt (loading assembly), forcing the bolt to slide back and forth within the receiver behind the barrel, thereby completing the action of pushing a bullet into the chamber.

[0003] However, this method of using high-pressure gas or recoil to directly act on the loading assembly to drive its sliding has significant limitations. Since the loading assembly is the core component for the firearm's locking and feeding mechanisms, its structure is inherently complex and precise. Allowing the loading assembly to directly withstand the impact of high-pressure gas or severe recoil not only places extremely high demands on the material strength of this component but also makes its sliding trajectory susceptible to interference from gunpowder residue, carbon buildup, and foreign objects, thereby reducing the reliability of the automatic cycle. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide an automatic loading mechanism based on high-pressure gas and a firearm, so as to solve the technical problem that the existing automatic loading method has poor motion stability due to the direct action of high-pressure gas on the bolt.

[0005] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0006] An automatic loading mechanism based on high-pressure gas drive includes:

[0007] Casing;

[0008] A guide tube is mounted on the housing and has a launch channel through which the projectile passes. The front end of the guide tube has a launch port.

[0009] A projectile storage compartment, which is mounted on the receiver and is used to hold projectiles to be loaded;

[0010] A loading assembly is mounted on the housing and disposed between the guide tube and the projectile storage chamber; the loading assembly is slidable along the axial direction of the guide tube; the loading assembly is provided with a loading cavity for receiving projectiles.

[0011] A sleeve is fitted over the outside of the guide tube and forms a pneumatic chamber between the sleeve and the guide tube. The pneumatic chamber is used to receive the high-pressure gas generated after the projectile is fired, and drives the sleeve to move the loading assembly closer to and connect with the projectile storage chamber to receive the next projectile.

[0012] A reset element provides a driving force to the loading assembly near the guide tube, so that the projectile in the loading cavity is pushed into the firing channel.

[0013] Furthermore, the sleeve includes a guide portion and a drive portion; the guide portion is sleeved and fixed to the outer wall of the front end of the guide tube and is used to guide the high-pressure gas to flow backward along the axial direction of the guide tube; the drive portion is movably sleeved on the outside of the guide tube and is located between the guide portion and the filling assembly, and the drive portion is used to receive the high-pressure gas guided by the guide portion to push the filling assembly.

[0014] Furthermore, the driving unit includes an annular air guide plug, a first elastic element, and a constant pressure part arranged sequentially along the guide tube; the annular air guide plug is sealed and sleeved on the outer wall of the guide tube, and the annular air guide plug is used to receive high-pressure gas guided by the flow guide part and slide backward along the guide tube; the annular air guide plug is provided with a dustproof sleeve, and the dustproof sleeve is used to prevent dust from falling into the outer wall of the guide tube; the two ends of the first elastic element abut against the annular air guide plug and the constant pressure part respectively, and the constant pressure part is sleeved on the dustproof sleeve, and is used to transmit the driving force of the annular air guide plug to the filling assembly to reduce the impact of the rear seat.

[0015] Furthermore, the side wall of the guide tube is provided with an inner through hole, which is used to guide the high-pressure gas in the emission channel to the sleeve and drive the sleeve to recoil.

[0016] Furthermore, the inner through hole is provided with a plurality of inner ejection tabs, which are inclined toward the filling assembly along the radial direction of the guide tube.

[0017] Furthermore, the sleeve has an external through hole, which is used to discharge the high-pressure gas in the pneumatic chamber to the outside.

[0018] Furthermore, the outer through hole is provided with a plurality of outer ejection tabs, which are inclined away from the filling assembly along the radial direction of the sleeve.

[0019] Furthermore, the front end of the sleeve is provided with a clearance opening corresponding to the launch port.

[0020] Furthermore, the periphery of the clearance opening is provided with a venting ring for high-pressure gas to be discharged.

[0021] A firearm includes an automatic loading mechanism driven by high-pressure gas, and further includes a follower plate and a second elastic element; the follower plate is used to support the projectile in the projectile storage chamber; one end of the second elastic element abuts against the receiver, the other end abuts against the follower plate, and is used to provide an elastic force that drives the projectile in the projectile storage chamber to continuously move towards the loading chamber.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0023] 1. Based on the receiver as the basic load-bearing component, the guide tube is installed on the receiver and has a firing channel for the projectile to pass through and a firing port at the front end. The projectile storage chamber is installed on the receiver and is used to hold the projectile to be loaded, so that the automatic loading mechanism has a stable and reliable basic structure for firing and feeding.

[0024] 2. The loading assembly is installed on the casing and located between the guide tube and the projectile storage chamber. The loading assembly can slide along the axial direction of the guide tube and has a loading cavity for accommodating the projectile, so that the loading assembly can reciprocate between the guide tube and the projectile storage chamber to complete the projectile receiving and transfer function.

[0025] 3. Based on the sleeve being fitted outside the guide tube and forming a pneumatic chamber between it and the guide tube, the pneumatic chamber is used to receive the high-pressure gas after the projectile is fired. The drive sleeve moves the loading assembly closer to and connects to the projectile storage chamber to receive the next projectile. The reset component provides the driving force for the loading assembly to move closer to the guide tube, so that the projectile in the loading chamber is pushed into the firing channel by the second elastic component, realizing an automatic loading cycle under the coordinated action of high-pressure gas drive and spring reset. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an automatic loading mechanism based on high-pressure gas drive and a firearm according to the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The diagram shows a structure of an automatic loading mechanism driven by high-pressure gas, wherein the sleeve has a venting ring.

[0028] Figure 3 for Figure 1 The diagram shows a structure of an automatic loading mechanism driven by high-pressure gas, wherein the sleeve does not have a venting port.

[0029] Figure 4 for Figure 1 The diagram shows a structure of an automatic loading mechanism driven by high-pressure gas, wherein the sleeve has a venting ring and multiple external through holes.

[0030] Figure 5 for Figure 1 The diagram shows a structural schematic of an automatic filling mechanism driven by high-pressure gas, wherein the sleeve in the filling mechanism is set in a split manner;

[0031] Figure 6 for Figure 5The diagram shows a structural schematic of an automatic loading mechanism driven by high-pressure gas, wherein the sleeve is an annular gas guide plug.

[0032] In the diagram: 1. Casing; 2. Guide tube; 201. Launch channel; 202. Launch port; 203. Inner through hole; 204. Inner ejection tab; 3. Projectile storage compartment; 4. Loading assembly; 401. Loading cavity; 402. Loading port; 5. Sleeve; 501. Flow guide; 502. Drive unit; 503. Annular gas plug; 504. First elastic element; 505. Constant pressure unit; 506. Dust cover; 507. Clearance port; 508. Vent ring port; 509. Pressure acting chamber; 510. Outer through hole; 511. Outer ejection tab; 6. Reset element; 7. Projectile catcher; 8. Second elastic element; 9. Projectile. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The present invention will now be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that, without conflict, the various embodiments or technical features described below can be arbitrarily combined to form new embodiments.

[0034] It should be noted that when an element is described as being "fixed to" another element, it can be directly attached to the other element or there may be an intervening element. When an element is described as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementations.

[0035] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0036] See Figures 1-4 A preferred embodiment of the present invention is described below:

[0037] An automatic loading mechanism driven by high-pressure gas includes a receiver 1, a guide tube 2, a projectile storage chamber 3, a loading assembly 4, a sleeve 5, and a reset component 6. The guide tube 2 is mounted on the receiver 1 and has a firing channel 201 through which a projectile 9 passes. A firing port 202 is formed at the front end of the guide tube 2. The projectile storage chamber 3 is mounted on the receiver 1 and is used to hold the projectile 9 to be loaded. The loading assembly 4 is mounted on the receiver 1 and is located between the guide tube 2 and the projectile storage chamber 3. The loading assembly 4 can move along the guide tube 2... The axial sliding; the loading assembly 4 is provided with a loading cavity 401 for accommodating the projectile 9; the sleeve 5 is sleeved on the outside of the guide tube 2 and forms a pneumatic chamber 509 between it and the guide tube 2. The pneumatic chamber 509 is used to receive the high-pressure gas generated after the projectile 9 is fired. The drive sleeve 5 drives the loading assembly 4 to approach and connect with the projectile storage chamber 3 to receive the next projectile 9; the reset member 6 provides the driving force for the loading assembly 4 to approach the guide tube 2 so that the projectile 9 in the loading cavity 401 is pushed into the firing channel 201.

[0038] When the loading assembly 4 is in its initial position near the guide tube 2, the projectile 9 in the loading chamber 401 is located in the firing channel 201 and is in a ready-to-fire state. After the projectile 9 is fired, high-pressure gas enters the pressure chamber 509 through the firing channel 201. The high-pressure gas expands in the pressure chamber 509 and pushes the sleeve 5 to slide backward along the guide tube 2. During the backward sliding process, the sleeve 5 abuts against and pushes the loading assembly 4 to move backward synchronously. During the backward movement, the loading assembly 4 ejects the empty cartridge case left in the loading chamber 401 through the ejection structure provided on the receiver 1, and moves the loading port 402 of the loading chamber 401 to be aligned with the feed outlet of the projectile storage chamber 3. The next projectile 9 in the projectile storage chamber 3 then enters the loading chamber 401. After the high-pressure gas dissipates, the reset component 6 pushes the sleeve 5 and the loading assembly 4 to slide forward and reset. During the forward sliding process, the loading assembly 4 pushes the projectile 9 in the loading cavity 401 into the launch channel 201 to achieve automatic loading.

[0039] The guide tube 2 is mounted on the housing 1 and has a firing channel 201 and a firing port 202 through which the projectile 9 passes. The projectile storage chamber 3 is mounted on the housing 1 to hold the projectile 9 to be loaded. The loading assembly 4 is mounted on the housing 1 and is located between the guide tube 2 and the projectile storage chamber 3 and can slide along the axial direction of the guide tube 2. The loading assembly 4 has a loading cavity 401 for holding the projectile 9. The sleeve 5 is sleeved on the outside of the guide tube 2 and forms a pneumatic chamber 509 with it. The pneumatic chamber 509 receives the high-pressure gas after the projectile 9 is fired to drive the sleeve 5 to move. The reset member 6 provides the driving force to bring the loading assembly 4 closer to the guide tube 2.

[0040] It is understandable that, based on the receiver 1 as the basic load-bearing component, the guide tube 2 is installed on the receiver 1 and has a firing channel 201 through which the projectile 9 passes and a firing port 202 at the front end. The projectile storage chamber 3 is installed on the receiver 1 and is used to hold the projectile 9 to be loaded, so that the automatic loading mechanism has a stable and reliable basic structure for firing and feeding. Based on the loading assembly 4 being installed on the receiver 1 and located between the guide tube 2 and the projectile storage chamber 3, the loading assembly 4 can slide along the axial direction of the guide tube 2 and has a loading cavity 401 for holding the projectile 9, so that the loading assembly 4 can reciprocate between the guide tube 2 and the projectile storage chamber 3, and complete the function of receiving and transferring the projectile 9. The sleeve 5 is fitted outside the guide tube 2, and a pneumatic chamber 509 is formed between the sleeve 5 and the guide tube 2. The pneumatic chamber 509 is used to receive the high-pressure gas after the projectile 9 is fired. The sleeve 5 drives the loading assembly 4 to approach and connect with the projectile storage chamber 3 to receive the next projectile 9. The reset member 6 provides the driving force for the loading assembly 4 to approach the guide tube 2, so that the projectile 9 in the loading chamber 401 is pushed into the firing channel 201 by the second elastic member 8, realizing the automatic loading cycle under the coordinated action of high-pressure gas drive and spring reset.

[0041] See Figure 5 Preferably, the sleeve 5 includes a guide section 501 and a drive section 502. The guide section 501 is sleeved and fixed to the outer wall of the front end of the guide tube 2 and is used to guide the high-pressure gas to flow backward along the axial direction of the guide tube 2. The drive section 502 is movably sleeved on the outside of the guide tube 2 and is located between the guide section 501 and the filling assembly 4. The drive section 502 is used to receive the high-pressure gas guided by the guide section 501 to push the filling assembly 4. Based on the split structure of the sleeve 5, which consists of a guide section 501 and a drive section 502, the guide section 501 is fixed to the front end of the guide tube 2 to guide the airflow direction, and the drive section 502 slides independently and converts the kinetic energy of the high-pressure gas into mechanical thrust, realizing the separation of the functions of airflow guidance and power drive, making the power transmission more precise and controllable.

[0042] After the projectile 9 is fired, the high-pressure gas is guided by the guide section 501 to flow backward along the guide tube 2 and act on the drive section 502. The drive section 502 is forced to slide backward along the guide tube 2 and pushes the loading assembly 4 to move backward synchronously, completing the ejection of the casing and receiving the next projectile 9. After the high-pressure gas dissipates, the reset member 6 pushes the drive section 502 and the loading assembly 4 to reset forward, pushing the projectile 9 into the firing channel 201 and completing the automatic loading.

[0043] The flow guide 501 is sleeved and fixed to the outer wall of the front end of the guide tube 2, and the drive unit 502 is movably sleeved on the outside of the guide tube 2 and located between the flow guide 501 and the loading assembly 4. The flow guide 501 has a channel for guiding the high-pressure gas to flow backward, and the drive unit 502 has a force-bearing surface for receiving the airflow. In addition, the flow guide 501 and the drive unit 502 can also be designed as detachable and replaceable structures to adjust the airflow parameters according to different ammunition operating conditions.

[0044] See Figure 6 Preferably, the drive unit 502 includes an annular air guide plug 503, a first elastic member 504, and a constant pressure part 505 arranged sequentially along the guide tube 2; the annular air guide plug 503 is sealed and sleeved on the outer wall of the guide tube 2, and the annular air guide plug 503 is used to receive the high-pressure gas guided by the flow guide 501 and slide backward along the guide tube 2; the annular air guide plug 503 is provided with a dustproof sleeve 506, which is used to prevent dust from falling into the outer wall of the guide tube 2; the two ends of the first elastic member 504 abut against the annular air guide plug 503 and the constant pressure part 505 respectively, and the constant pressure part 505 is sleeved on the dustproof sleeve 506, which is used to transmit the driving force of the annular air guide plug 503 to the filling assembly 4 to reduce the impact of the rear seat. Based on the series structure of the drive unit 502 consisting of an annular air guide plug 503, a first elastic element 504, and a constant pressure part 505, the direct impact of high-pressure gas is converted into the sliding thrust of the annular air guide plug 503. The thrust is flexibly transmitted to the filling assembly 4 through the compression of the first elastic element 504 and the contact of the constant pressure part 505, thereby achieving the buffer transmission of driving force and the reduction of recoil impact.

[0045] After the projectile 9 is fired, the high-pressure gas is guided by the guide section 501 to act on the annular gas guide plug 503. The annular gas guide plug 503 slides backward along the guide tube 2 and compresses the first elastic element 504. The first elastic element 504 transmits the thrust to the constant pressure section 505. The constant pressure section 505 abuts against and pushes the loading assembly 4 to move backward synchronously to complete the ejection of the shell and to receive the projectile 9. After the high-pressure gas dissipates, the first elastic element 504 releases the reset elastic force, which pushes the annular gas guide plug 503, the constant pressure section 505 and the loading assembly 4 forward to reset together, pushing the projectile 9 into the launch channel 201.

[0046] An annular air guide plug 503 is sealed on the outer wall of the guide tube 2, and a dustproof sleeve 506 is provided on its outer periphery to block external dust. The two ends of the first elastic member 504 abut against the annular air guide plug 503 and the constant pressure part 505, respectively. The constant pressure part 505 is sleeved on the outside of the dustproof sleeve 506 and abuts against the filling assembly 4. In addition, the first elastic member 504 can also be composed of multiple sets of elastic members connected in series or in parallel to adjust the buffering force. The constant pressure part 505 and the dustproof sleeve 506 can also be designed as an integral structure with a sliding seal to reduce the number of parts and maintain the dustproof and force transmission effects.

[0047] Preferably, the side wall of the guide tube 2 is provided with an inner through hole 203, which is used to guide the high-pressure gas in the launch channel 201 to the sleeve 5 and drive the sleeve 5 to recoil. The inner through hole 203 on the side wall of the guide tube 2 allows the high-pressure gas in the launch channel 201 to overflow directly through the inner through hole 203 and act on the sleeve 5, realizing cross-space transmission of gas from the inner tube wall to the outer sleeve 5, providing another independent power input path for the recoil of the sleeve 5.

[0048] After the projectile 9 is fired, some of the high-pressure gas flows out from the inside of the launch channel 201 through the inner through hole 203, directly acting on the inner wall of the sleeve 5 or the gas pressure chamber 509; under the impact of the internal gas, the sleeve 5 slides backward along the guide tube 2, and drives the loading assembly 4 to move backward synchronously to complete the ejection of the casing and the reception of the projectile 9; after the gas dissipates, the reset member 6 pushes the sleeve 5 and the loading assembly 4 forward to reset, pushing the projectile 9 into the launch channel 201.

[0049] An inner through hole 203 is provided on the side wall of the guide tube 2, with one end connected to the launch channel 201 and the other end connected to the outer space where the sleeve 5 is located. The inner through hole 203 can be directly opened as a radially penetrating circular hole, or it can be set as a gas guide groove opened obliquely along the axial direction of the guide tube 2. In addition, multiple inner through holes 203 can be arranged according to the circumferential distribution of the guide tube 2 to adjust the gas pressure distribution acting on the sleeve 5; or an adjustable cross-sectional area throttling structure can be set in the inner through hole 203 to control the gas flow rate and thrust.

[0050] Preferably, the inner through hole 203 is provided with a plurality of inner retraction tabs 204, which are inclined toward the filling assembly 4 along the radial direction of the guide tube 2. Based on the provision of a plurality of inner retraction tabs 204 inclined toward the filling assembly 4 along the radial direction of the inner through hole 203, the high-pressure gas flowing outward through the inner through hole 203 is directionally deflected and guided, so that the originally radially overflowing airflow is converted into a thrust along the axial direction of the guide tube 2, thereby enhancing the rearward driving effect on the sleeve 5.

[0051] After the projectile 9 is fired, the high-pressure gas overflows outward through the inner through hole 203 and flows through the inner ejection plate 204. The inclined surface of the inner ejection plate 204 intercepts and changes the direction of the airflow, causing the high-pressure gas to be ejected axially backward along the guide tube 2 and act on the sleeve 5. The sleeve 5 is impacted by the high-pressure gas after being guided by the inner ejection plate 204, slides backward along the guide tube 2 and drives the loading assembly 4 to move backward, completing the ejection of the casing and receiving the projectile 9. After the gas dissipates, the reset member 6 pushes the sleeve 5 and the loading assembly 4 to reset, pushing the projectile 9 into the launch channel 201.

[0052] An internal ejection plate 204 is disposed inside the inner through-hole 203, and its plate surface is inclined towards the loading assembly 4 along the radial direction of the guide tube 2, forming a guide slope for intercepting and deflecting the airflow backward. The internal ejection plate 204 can be integrally formed with the guide tube 2 or independently embedded in the inner through-hole 203. In addition, the inclination angle and number of the internal ejection plates 204 can be adjusted according to the required thrust to match the airflow guidance requirements under different ammunition chamber pressure conditions.

[0053] Preferably, the sleeve 5 has an external through hole 510, which is used to discharge the high-pressure gas in the pneumatic chamber 509 to the outside.

[0054] The sleeve 5 has an external through hole 510 that connects the pneumatic chamber 509 to the external space. The high-pressure gas that expands in the pneumatic chamber 509 is directionally injected outward through the external through hole 510. The jet reaction force generated when the high-pressure gas is ejected outward drives the sleeve 5 to slide backward, thereby providing an active driving force for the recoil of the sleeve 5.

[0055] After the projectile 9 is fired, high-pressure gas enters the pressure chamber 509 and expands. Some of the high-pressure gas is ejected at high speed through the external through-hole 510. Due to the reverse thrust generated by the ejection of high-pressure gas, the sleeve 5 slides backward along the guide tube 2, driving the loading assembly 4 to move backward synchronously to complete the ejection and reception of the spent cartridge. At the same time, the ejection of gas through the external through-hole 510 also dissipates some of the high-pressure gas accumulated in the pressure chamber 509, playing a role in assisting pressure relief. After the high-pressure gas dissipates, the reset member 6 pushes the sleeve 5 and the loading assembly 4 forward to reset and complete the loading.

[0056] An external through-hole 510 is formed on the side wall of the sleeve 5 and penetrates the wall surface of the sleeve 5 to connect the pneumatic chamber 509 with the external space. The external through-hole 510 can be configured as a radially penetrating circular hole or as a narrow, elongated venting groove formed along the axial direction of the sleeve 5 to adjust the venting rate. In addition, multiple external through-holes 510 can be formed along the circumference of the sleeve 5 according to actual pressure relief requirements, or a variable cross-section flow-limiting valve can be installed in the external through-hole 510 to achieve automatic pressure relief adjustment for different chamber pressure conditions.

[0057] Preferably, the outer through hole 510 is provided with a plurality of external ejection tabs 511, which are inclined away from the filling assembly 4 along the radial direction of the sleeve 5. The inclined surface of the external ejection tabs 511 generates a reaction force on the high-pressure gas discharged outward through the outer through hole 510, forming an additional rearward pushing force, which assists in driving the sleeve 5 to continue sliding backward while releasing gas and reducing pressure.

[0058] After the projectile 9 is fired, the high-pressure gas in the pneumatic chamber 509 is discharged outward through the external through hole 510. When the airflow passes through the external ejection plate 511, it is blocked by the inclined surface and changes direction. The reaction force of the high-pressure gas discharged outward acts on the external ejection plate 511 and the sleeve 5, providing the sleeve 5 with an additional backward thrust. Under the auxiliary drive of this reaction force, the sleeve 5 slides backward along the guide tube 2 and drives the loading assembly 4 to move backward, completing the ejection of the shell and receiving the projectile 9. After the gas dissipates, the reset member 6 pushes the sleeve 5 and the loading assembly 4 to reset.

[0059] An external ejector plate 511 is disposed within the external through hole 510, and its plate surface is inclined radially away from the filling assembly 4 along the sleeve 5, forming a force-bearing surface for changing the airflow direction. The external ejector plate 511 can be integrally formed with the sleeve 5 or independently embedded in the external through hole 510. In addition, the inclined angle or the outer end of the external ejector plate 511 may also be provided with a guide arc surface to adjust the deflection direction of the airflow and the magnitude of the reaction force. The external ejector plate 511 can also be configured to flip outward and open when the air pressure exceeds a preset value to increase the venting cross section and regulate the thrust.

[0060] Preferably, the front end of the sleeve 5 is provided with a clearance 507 corresponding to the launch port 202. Based on the clearance 507 at the front end of the sleeve 5 corresponding to the launch port 202 of the guide tube 2, an unobstructed forward flight path is provided for the projectile 9 after it is fired, ensuring that the projectile 9 does not interfere with the front end of the sleeve 5 during the firing process, while maintaining the independent movement function of the sleeve 5 as a whole.

[0061] Before the projectile 9 is fired, the clearance port 507 and the launch port 202 of the guide tube 2 are on the same axis. After the projectile 9 is fired, the projectile 9 is ejected from the launch port 202 and flies forward directly through the clearance port 507 at the front end of the sleeve 5. The sleeve 5 itself is not disturbed by the flight of the projectile 9 under the clearance action of the clearance port 507 and continues to maintain its independent sliding operation. The high-pressure gas then drives the sleeve 5 to slide backward, driving the loading assembly 4 to complete the ejection of the casing and automatic loading.

[0062] An obstacle clearance 507 is located at the front end of the sleeve 5, positioned opposite the firing port 202 at the front end of the guide tube 2, and the radial dimension of the obstacle clearance 507 is not less than the radial dimension of the firing port 202. The obstacle clearance 507 can be a through hole directly opened on the front end face of the sleeve 5. Alternatively, the obstacle clearance 507 can be configured as an annular opening formed by the outer periphery of the front end of the sleeve 5 contracting inward, so as to reduce the wind resistance at the front end of the sleeve 5 while ensuring the smooth passage of the projectile 9; or the front end of the sleeve 5 can be provided with an obstacle clearance valve that can be opened radially after being impacted by the projectile 9, opening the obstacle clearance channel when the projectile 9 passes through, and then resetting and closing after passing through, so as to reduce gas leakage and maintain the airtightness of the front end of the sleeve 5.

[0063] Preferably, the periphery of the clearance opening 507 is provided with a venting ring 508 for high-pressure gas to be discharged, so that after the projectile 9 passes through the clearance opening 507, the high-pressure gas can be discharged outward through the venting ring 508, avoiding the accumulation of high-pressure gas at the front end of the sleeve 5 to generate excessive reverse thrust or pressure fluctuation, and ensuring that the movement state of the sleeve 5 is controlled and stable.

[0064] After the projectile 9 is fired, it passes through the clearance port 507 and the front end of the sleeve 5. Some of the high-pressure gas is discharged outward from the vent ring port 508 at the front end of the sleeve 5. The venting effect of the vent ring port 508 releases and balances the gas pressure acting on the front end of the sleeve 5, preventing the sleeve 5 from being subjected to irregular force due to excessive gas pressure at the front end. At the same time, the sleeve 5 slides backward under the drive of its gas pressure chamber 509, driving the loading assembly 4 to move backward, completing the ejection of the shell and receiving the next projectile 9. After the high-pressure gas dissipates, the reset member 6 pushes the sleeve 5 and the loading assembly 4 forward to reset.

[0065] A venting annular port 508 is located around the periphery of the clearance port 507 and is distributed circumferentially around the clearance port 507, forming an annular channel for high-pressure gas to be discharged outward. The venting annular port 508 can be a direct annular gap opened on the outer periphery of the clearance port 507, or it can be composed of multiple circumferential vent holes opened on the front end face of the sleeve 5 surrounding the clearance port 507. Furthermore, the width or opening area of ​​the venting annular port 508 can be evenly distributed circumferentially or gradually distributed to adjust the gas discharge speed and pressure relief uniformity in different directions. A grille or guide vanes for controlling the exhaust direction or exhaust rate can also be installed inside the venting annular port 508.

[0066] First embodiment:

[0067] See Figure 1 The first embodiment of the present invention provides an automatic loading mechanism based on high-pressure gas drive. In this embodiment, the sleeve 5 adopts an integral structure, and the front end of the sleeve 5 is only provided with an avoidance port 507. The sleeve 5 is sleeved on the outside of the guide tube 2 and can slide axially relative to the guide tube 2. The side wall of the sleeve 5 is provided with an outer opening, and in this embodiment, the guide tube 2 is not provided with an inner opening.

[0068] During operation, the high-pressure gas generated after the projectile 9 is fired flows through the front end of the guide tube 2 into the pressure chamber 509. Within the pressure chamber 509, the gas expands and acts on the sleeve 5. The high-pressure gas in the pressure chamber 509 is discharged outward through the outer opening on the side wall of the sleeve 5. The outer opening is equipped with an outer recoil plate extending at an angle away from the loading assembly 4. When the high-pressure gas flows past the outer recoil plate, it is blocked by its inclined surface, generating a backward recoil thrust. This recoil thrust further assists in driving the sleeve 5 to slide backward. During the backward sliding of the sleeve 5, the loading assembly 4 moves backward synchronously, completing the ejection of the empty casing and the reception of the projectile 9. After the high-pressure gas dissipates, the reset member 6 drives the sleeve 5 and the loading assembly 4 to reset forward together, pushing the projectile 9 into the launch channel 201. In this embodiment, the front end of the sleeve 5 is provided with a clearance port 507 for the projectile 9 to pass through. Combined with the outer opening and the outwardly inclined outer recoil plate, it is suitable for use in working conditions with relatively high air pressure. It can utilize the expansion and recoil force of high-pressure gas to achieve reliable recoil drive.

[0069] Second embodiment:

[0070] See Figure 2 The second embodiment of the present invention provides an automatic filling mechanism based on high-pressure gas drive. In this embodiment, the sleeve 5 adopts an integral structure, and the side wall of the sleeve 5 has multiple outer openings. The front end of the sleeve 5 is also provided with a venting ring 508 for high-pressure gas to be discharged outward around the clearance port 507. At the same time, the side wall of the guide tube 2 has an inner opening, and the inner opening is provided with an inner retraction plate 204 that is inclined towards the filling assembly 4 along the radial direction of the guide tube 2.

[0071] After the projectile 9 is fired, high-pressure gas enters the pressure chamber 509 through the front end of the guide tube 2. The high-pressure gas in the chamber expands and acts on the front end of the sleeve 5, and then is ejected outward through the vent ring 508 at the front end of the sleeve 5 and multiple outer openings on the side wall of the sleeve 5. At the same time, some high-pressure gas is ejected outward through the inner opening on the side wall of the guide tube 2, and is deflected backward by the inclined surface when flowing through the inner recoil plate 204, acting on the rear side of the sleeve and directly driving the sleeve to move backward. When the high-pressure gas in the pressure chamber 509 is ejected outward through the vent ring 508 and multiple outer openings on the side wall of the sleeve 5, a backward jet reaction force is generated. This reaction force drives the sleeve 5 to slide backward along the guide tube 2. During the sliding process of the sleeve 5, the loading assembly 4 moves backward synchronously, completing the ejection of the empty shell and the receiving of the projectile 9. After the high-pressure gas dissipates, the reset component 6 drives the sleeve 5 and the loading assembly 4 to reset forward together, pushing the projectile 9 into the launch channel 201.

[0072] In this embodiment, the front end of the sleeve 5 is provided with a clearance port 507 for the projectile 9 to pass through. Combined with the front vent ring 508, multiple outer openings on the side wall, and the multi-jet structure of the recoil plate 204 inside the guide tube 2, multiple rearward jet reaction forces are generated after gas expansion, coordinating internal and external forces to drive the sleeve 5 backward. This structure is suitable for operating conditions with high chamber pressure and large gas overflow, effectively utilizing the recoil force of multiple airflows to achieve reliable drive and improve the stability and reliability of the automatic loading cycle.

[0073] Third embodiment:

[0074] See Figure 3 The third embodiment of the present invention provides an automatic filling mechanism based on high-pressure gas drive. In this embodiment, the sleeve 5 adopts an integral structure, the side wall of the sleeve 5 is provided with an outer opening, and the front end of the sleeve 5 is not provided with a venting ring 508; the side wall of the guide tube 2 is provided with an inner opening, and the inner opening is provided with an inner ejector plate 204 that is inclined radially toward the filling assembly 4.

[0075] After the projectile 9 is fired, high-pressure gas enters the pneumatic chamber 509 through the front end of the guide tube 2. When the chamber pressure is relatively high, the high-pressure gas accumulated in the pneumatic chamber 509 is preferentially ejected outward through the outer port of the sleeve 5's side wall, generating a rearward jet reaction force that drives the sleeve 5 to slide backward along the guide tube 2. When the chamber pressure is relatively low, the high-pressure gas in the pneumatic chamber 509 is ejected outward through the inner port of the guide tube 2's side wall, and when flowing through the inner recoil plate 204, it is deflected backward by the inclined surface, generating a directional jet reaction force that also drives the sleeve 5 to slide backward. Under the above two conditions, if the gas pressure is between the two, the high-pressure gas can also be ejected outward simultaneously through the outer port and the inner port in proportion, and the two work together to generate a rearward jet reaction force that jointly drives the sleeve 5 to slide backward. During the sliding process of the sleeve 5, the loading assembly 4 moves backward synchronously, completing the ejection of the empty shell and the receiving of the projectile 9. After the high-pressure gas dissipates, the reset component 6 drives the sleeve 5 and the loading assembly 4 to reset forward together, pushing the projectile 9 into the launch channel 201.

[0076] The front end of the sleeve 5 only has a clearance port 507 for the projectile 9 to pass through, and no annular channel for the large-scale discharge of high-pressure gas. The discharge path of the high-pressure gas is mainly shared by the outer and inner ports. This structure has adaptive control capabilities, which can preferentially use the outer port for jet propulsion at high chamber pressure, and use the inner port and the directional flow guidance of the inner ejector plate 204 for propulsion at low chamber pressure, and proportionally coordinate the drive under intermediate pressure conditions. Its advantage is that the mechanism can reliably trigger the backward sliding action regardless of the chamber pressure, effectively improving the adaptability of the automatic loading mechanism to different ammunition chamber pressure conditions while ensuring driving force, and avoiding loading failure due to pressure fluctuations.

[0077] Fourth embodiment:

[0078] See Figure 4 The fourth embodiment of the present invention provides an automatic loading mechanism based on high-pressure gas drive. In this embodiment, the sleeve 5 adopts an integral structure, and the side wall of the sleeve 5 is provided with multiple outer openings. The front end of the sleeve 5 is provided with a ventilation ring 508 for high-pressure gas to be discharged around the clearance opening 507. In this embodiment, the guide tube 2 does not have an inner opening.

[0079] After the projectile 9 is fired, high-pressure gas enters the pressure chamber 509 through the front end of the guide tube 2. Since this embodiment is primarily designed for conditions with extremely high chamber pressure, the gas inside the chamber expands violently, resulting in extremely high instantaneous pressure as the high-pressure gas triggers the recoil of the sleeve 5. At this time, in addition to being ejected outwards through multiple outer ports on the side wall of the sleeve 5, the high-pressure gas is also discharged forward in large quantities through the vent ring 508 at the front end of the sleeve 5. This multi-path jetting method diverts and releases the instantaneously excessive pressure energy, preventing congestion or reverse airflow impact due to excessive gas flow in a single path. When the high-pressure gas is ejected outwards through the aforementioned jet ports, it generates a backward jetting reaction force, driving the sleeve 5 to slide backwards along the guide tube 2. During the sliding process, the sleeve 5 drives the loading assembly 4 to move backwards synchronously, completing the ejection of the empty casing and the reception of the projectile 9. After the high-pressure gas dissipates, the reset component 6 drives the sleeve 5 and the loading assembly 4 to reset forward together, pushing the projectile 9 into the launch channel 201.

[0080] In this embodiment, the front end of the sleeve 5 is provided with a clearance port 507 for the projectile 9 to pass through, and a venting ring port 508 is provided around the clearance port 507. Together with multiple outer openings on the sidewall of the sleeve 5, this forms a multi-path jet pressure relief structure at the front and sides. Simultaneously, this embodiment does not provide an inner opening to avoid reverse airflow and turbulence when gas overflows through the guide pipe 2 under ultra-high pressure conditions, thus ensuring that the direction of the jet reaction force is always backward. This structure is suitable for special operating conditions with extremely high chamber pressure and a large amount of gas overflow. It can effectively disperse overpressure gas through the front annular opening and sidewall openings, improving the safety and reliability of the automatic loading mechanism under extreme conditions.

[0081] Fifth embodiment:

[0082] See Figure 5 This invention discloses a high-pressure gas-driven automatic filling mechanism according to a fifth embodiment. The sleeve 5 has a split structure, including a fixedly disposed guide portion 501 and a movable drive portion 502. The guide portion 501 is sleeved and fixed to the outer wall of the front end of the guide tube 2 and is fastened to the guide tube 2 by a mounting component. The drive portion 502 is movably sleeved on the outside of the guide tube 2 and is located between the guide portion 501 and the filling assembly 4. In this embodiment, the front end of the sleeve 5 does not have a venting annular port 508, the side wall of the drive portion 502 does not have an outer opening, and the side wall of the guide tube 2 does not have an inner opening.

[0083] After projectile 9 is fired, high-pressure gas enters the guide section 501 through the front end of the guide tube 2. The guide section 501 guides the high-pressure gas axially backward along the guide tube 2 and directly acts on the force-bearing surface of the drive section 502. Under the impact force of the high-pressure gas, the drive section 502 slides backward along the guide tube 2 and pushes the loading assembly 4 backward synchronously, completing the ejection of the empty shell and the reception of projectile 9. After the high-pressure gas dissipates, the reset member 6 drives the drive section 502 and the loading assembly 4 to reset forward together, pushing the projectile 9 into the launch channel 201.

[0084] In this embodiment, the sleeve 5 adopts a structure in which the fixed guide section 501 and the movable drive section 502 are separately set. The guide section 501 is fixedly connected to the guide tube 2 by the mounting component, so that the guide path of the high-pressure gas and the sliding path of the drive section 502 are independent of each other. Its advantages are: the split design can significantly reduce the processing difficulty and assembly complexity of the overall structure of the guide tube 2; the guide section 501 can be replaced or adjusted separately according to different ammunition chamber pressure conditions without reprocessing the drive section 502 or the entire sleeve 5; at the same time, since no jet outlet is provided, this structure relies entirely on the directional guidance of the gas by the guide section 501 and the direct pressure of the force-bearing surface of the drive section 502 to achieve recoil drive, which can effectively avoid energy loss or airflow instability caused by multiple jets. The structure is simple and compact, and the operation is highly reliable, especially suitable for working conditions with high requirements for structural simplicity and power transmission efficiency.

[0085] Sixth embodiment:

[0086] See Figure 6 This invention discloses a high-pressure gas-driven automatic filling mechanism according to a sixth embodiment. In this embodiment, the sleeve 5 adopts a split structure, and its driving part 502 includes an annular gas guide plug 503, a first elastic element 504, and a constant pressure part 505 arranged sequentially along the guide tube 2. The annular gas guide plug 503 is sealed and sleeved on the outer wall of the guide tube 2 to receive the high-pressure gas guided by the guide part 501; a dustproof sleeve 506 is provided on the outer periphery of the annular gas guide plug 503 to prevent external dust from falling into the outer wall of the guide tube 2; the two ends of the first elastic element 504 abut against the annular gas guide plug 503 and the constant pressure part 505 respectively; the constant pressure part 505 is sleeved on the dustproof sleeve 506 and abuts against the filling assembly 4. In this embodiment, the sleeve 5 does not have an annular opening, an outer opening, or an inner opening.

[0087] After the projectile 9 is fired, the high-pressure gas is guided by the guide section 501 and acts on the annular gas guide plug 503. The annular gas guide plug 503 is pressed and slides backward along the guide tube 2, compressing the first elastic element 504. The first elastic element 504 transmits the thrust to the constant pressure section 505, which abuts against and pushes the loading assembly 4 to move backward in sync, completing the ejection of the empty shell and the reception of the projectile 9. After the high-pressure gas dissipates, the first elastic element 504 releases its elastic force, pushing the annular gas guide plug 503 and the constant pressure section 505 to move the loading assembly 4 forward to reset, pushing the projectile 9 into the launch channel 201.

[0088] This embodiment utilizes the series connection of the annular air guide plug 503, the first elastic element 504, and the constant pressure section 505 to convert the direct impact force of high-pressure gas into a flexible driving force buffered by the elastic element. This effectively reduces recoil impact and decreases the instantaneous force on the filling assembly 4 and the casing 1. The dust cover 506 effectively isolates external dust from entering the sliding gap between the guide tube 2 and the sleeve 5, preventing carbon buildup or sand and dust from causing blockage and extending the service life of the mechanism. Since no air jet passage is provided, this structure relies on the expansion of gas in the sealed cavity and the cooperation of the elastic element to achieve drive. It has a compact structure and stable operation, making it particularly suitable for automated filling operations with high requirements for dustproof performance and impact buffering.

[0089] A firearm includes an automatic loading mechanism driven by high-pressure gas, and further includes a follower plate 7 and a second elastic element 8. The follower plate 7 supports a projectile 9 within a projectile storage chamber 3. One end of the second elastic element 8 abuts against a receiver 1, and the other end abuts against the follower plate 7, providing an elastic force that continuously propels the projectile 9 within the projectile storage chamber 3 toward the loading cavity 401. Based on the follower plate 7 and the second elastic element 8 within the firearm, the second elastic element 8 continuously pushes the follower plate 7 upwards, ensuring that the projectile 9 within the projectile storage chamber 3 always maintains a tendency to move toward the loading cavity 401. This ensures that each time the loading assembly 4 retracts to the receiving position, the projectile 9 can enter the loading cavity 401 promptly and accurately, achieving continuous and reliable ammunition feeding.

[0090] The second elastic element 8 constantly applies an upward elastic force to the projectile support plate 7, which supports the projectile 9 in the projectile storage chamber 3, keeping the uppermost projectile 9 in the ready-to-receive position. When the loading assembly 4 slides backward under the action of the sleeve 5 to be opposite to the projectile storage chamber 3, the uppermost projectile 9 enters the loading cavity 401 under the action of the projectile support plate 7; then the reset element 6 pushes the loading assembly 4 forward to reset, pushing the received projectile 9 into the firing channel 201. After each projectile 9 is fired, the projectile support plate 7 and the second elastic element 8 automatically lift the next projectile 9 to the ready-to-receive position.

[0091] The second elastic element 8 is located between the receiver 1 and the follower plate 7, which is located within the projectile storage chamber 3 and supports the stacked projectiles 9. The follower plate 7 can slide back and forth within the projectile storage chamber 3 along the feeding direction. Furthermore, the second elastic element 8 can be a single helical compression spring, or it can be configured as multiple parallel springs or disc springs to adjust the feeding thrust to match the capacity of the projectile storage chamber 3. The follower plate 7 may also have an arc-shaped limiting groove that matches the bottom of the projectile 9 to maintain the stability of the projectile 9 during feeding.

[0092] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of those different embodiments or examples.

[0093] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0094] The above are merely specific embodiments of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of various variations or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in this application, and these should all be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An automatic loading mechanism based on high-pressure gas drive, characterized in that, include: Casing (1); The guide tube (2) is mounted on the housing (1) and has a launch channel (201) through which the projectile (9) passes. The front end of the guide tube (2) has a launch port (202). A projectile storage compartment (3) is mounted on the receiver (1) and is used to hold projectiles (9) to be loaded. A loading assembly (4) is mounted on the housing (1) and located between the guide tube (2) and the projectile storage chamber (3); the loading assembly (4) is slidable along the axial direction of the guide tube (2); the loading assembly (4) is provided with a loading cavity (401) for accommodating the projectile (9). Sleeve (5), sleeve (5) is fitted outside the guide tube (2) and forms a pneumatic chamber (509) between the sleeve (5) and the guide tube (2). The pneumatic chamber (509) is used to receive the high-pressure gas generated after the projectile (9) is fired, and drive the sleeve (5) to move the loading assembly (4) close to and connect to the projectile storage chamber (3) to receive the next projectile (9). The reset member (6) provides a driving force for the loading assembly (4) to approach the guide tube (2) so that the projectile (9) in the loading cavity (401) is pushed into the firing channel (201).

2. The automatic loading mechanism based on high-pressure gas drive according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sleeve (5) includes a guide section (501) and a drive section (502); the guide section (501) is sleeved and fixed to the outer wall of the front end of the guide tube (2) and is used to guide the high-pressure gas to flow backward along the axial direction of the guide tube (2); the drive section (502) is movably sleeved on the outside of the guide tube (2) and is located between the guide section (501) and the filling assembly (4); the drive section (502) is used to receive the high-pressure gas guided by the guide section (501) to push the filling assembly (4).

3. The automatic loading mechanism based on high-pressure gas drive according to claim 2, characterized in that, The drive unit (502) includes an annular air guide plug (503), a first elastic element (504), and a constant pressure part (505) arranged sequentially along the guide tube (2); the annular air guide plug (503) is sealed and sleeved on the outer wall of the guide tube (2), and the annular air guide plug (503) is used to receive the high-pressure gas guided by the guide part (501) and slide backward along the guide tube (2); the annular air guide plug (503) is provided with a dustproof sleeve (506), and the dustproof sleeve (506) is used to prevent dust from falling into the outer wall of the guide tube (2); the two ends of the first elastic element (504) abut against the annular air guide plug (503) and the constant pressure part (505) respectively, and the constant pressure part (505) is sleeved on the dustproof sleeve (506) to transmit the driving force of the annular air guide plug (503) to the loading assembly (4) to reduce the impact of the rear seat.

4. The automatic loading mechanism based on high-pressure gas drive according to claim 1, characterized in that, The guide tube (2) has an inner through hole (203) on its side wall, which is used to guide the high-pressure gas in the emission channel (201) to the sleeve (5) and drive the sleeve (5) to recoil.

5. The automatic loading mechanism based on high-pressure gas drive according to claim 4, characterized in that, The inner through hole (203) is provided with a plurality of inner ejection tabs (204), which are inclined toward the filling assembly (4) along the radial direction of the guide tube (2).

6. The automatic loading mechanism based on high-pressure gas drive according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sleeve (5) has an external through hole (510), which is used to discharge the high-pressure gas in the pneumatic chamber (509) to the outside.

7. The automatic loading mechanism based on high-pressure gas drive according to claim 6, characterized in that, The outer through hole (510) is provided with a plurality of outer ejection tabs (511), which are inclined away from the filling assembly (4) along the radial direction of the sleeve (5).

8. The automatic loading mechanism based on high-pressure gas drive according to claim 1, characterized in that, The front end of the sleeve (5) is provided with a clearance (507) corresponding to the launch port (202).

9. An automatic loading mechanism based on high-pressure gas drive according to claim 7, characterized in that, The periphery of the clearance opening (507) is provided with a ventilation ring (508) for high-pressure gas to be discharged.

10. A firearm, characterized in that, The automatic loading mechanism based on high-pressure gas drive, as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, further includes a trolley plate (7) and a second elastic member (8); the trolley plate (7) is used to support the projectiles (9) in the projectile storage chamber (3); one end of the second elastic member (8) abuts against the casing (1), and the other end abuts against the trolley plate (7), and is used to provide an elastic force that drives the projectiles (9) in the projectile storage chamber (3) to continuously move toward the loading cavity (401).

Images