Air-decked charge monitoring device and air-decked blasting method

Abstract

The application discloses an air space charging monitoring device and an air space blasting method, which can play an air space role, and can monitor hole parameters and monitoring device parameters in real time to determine whether the charging state in the hole meets the field operation requirements. The air space charging monitoring device comprises an air space frame and a multi-parameter monitoring module. The air space frame is arranged between a main charging bag and a charged bag in a hole, and is used for forming an air space between the main charging bag and the charged bag. The multi-parameter monitoring module is fixed to the bottom end of the air space frame, and is used for detecting hole parameters and monitoring device parameters, and transmitting the detected hole parameters and monitoring device parameters to an external monitor. The hole parameters at least include the distance between the top surface of the main charging bag and the bottom end of the air space frame, the inclination of the hole, and the temperature and water content in the hole. The monitoring device parameters at least include the displacement generated by the air space frame and the pressure borne by the lower surface of the air space frame.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mining blasting technology, and in particular to an air-gap charging monitoring device and an air-gap blasting method. Background Technology

[0002] The technique of air-gap charging combined with sympathetic detonation is a common technique in bench blasting in open-pit mines. This technique only sets the detonator in the main charging charge at the bottom of the blast hole, and the upper charged charge is detonated by sympathetic detonation based on the detonation energy generated by the explosion of the main charging charge. This can eliminate the need for setting the detonator in the upper charging section, effectively improving charging efficiency and saving the cost of detonating equipment.

[0003] However, in existing technologies, air gap components are mostly air bags, and the sympathetic detonation operation is chaotic. Manual operation can easily cause the air gap components to get stuck and not be lowered in place, resulting in the charge state in the borehole not meeting the requirements of the field operation (such as displacement of the air gap components or unreasonable borehole parameter design), which can easily lead to sympathetic detonation failure. The accuracy and replicability of blasting operations are poor, which limits the intelligent and standardized application of air gap charging combined with sympathetic detonation technology. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to address the above-mentioned deficiencies in the existing technology by providing an air gap charging monitoring device and an air gap blasting method, which can serve as an air gap and monitor the borehole parameters and monitoring device parameters in real time to determine whether the charging status in the borehole meets the requirements of on-site operation.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide an air gap charging monitoring device, which includes an air gap frame and a multi-parameter monitoring module. The air gap frame is disposed between the main propellant charge and the received propellant charge within the borehole, for forming an air gap between them; the main propellant charge is located below the received propellant charge. The multi-parameter monitoring module is fixed to the bottom end of the air gap frame, for detecting borehole parameters and monitoring device parameters, and transmitting the detected borehole parameters and monitoring device parameters to an external monitor; wherein, the borehole parameters include at least the distance between the top surface of the main propellant charge and the bottom end of the air gap frame, the inclination of the borehole, and the temperature and moisture content within the borehole; the monitoring device parameters include at least the displacement generated by the air gap frame and the pressure on the lower surface of the air gap frame.

[0006] In some embodiments, the air gap includes supports, an elastic element, and a telescopic clamping assembly. Two supports are provided; these two supports are sequentially arranged between the main propellant charge and the received propellant charge along the extension direction of the borehole, and are positioned opposite each other. The two supports can move away from or towards each other under the action of an external force. A multi-parameter monitoring module is fixed to the bottom end of the support near the main propellant charge. The elastic element is disposed between the two supports and is used to apply elastic force to the two supports, causing them to tend to move away from each other. The telescopic clamping assembly is disposed between the two supports and is used to guide the two supports to move away from or towards each other along the extension direction of the borehole. When the two supports approach each other, the assembly extends outside the support to press against the inner wall of the borehole, and retracts inside the support when the two supports move away from each other.

[0007] In some embodiments, the telescopic clamping assembly includes a sliding sleeve and telescopic claws. The sliding sleeve is disposed between two supports; both supports are slidably connected to the sliding sleeve along the extension direction of the borehole. There are two telescopic claws, each corresponding to one of the two supports; the telescopic claws are slidably disposed on the corresponding supports and connected to the sliding sleeve; when the two supports approach each other, the telescopic claws can slide out of the supports under the action of the sliding sleeve to press against the inner wall of the borehole; when the two supports move away from each other, the telescopic claws can retract into the supports under the action of the sliding sleeve.

[0008] In some embodiments, the telescopic claw includes multiple sets of hinged links distributed circumferentially on the sliding sleeve; each hinged link includes a sliding support and a connecting rod. The sliding support is slidably mounted on a corresponding support along the radial direction of the borehole. One end of the connecting rod is hinged to the sliding support, and the other end is hinged to the sliding sleeve. When two supports approach each other, they cause the corresponding multiple sliding supports to approach the sliding sleeve, causing the sliding supports to slide out of the support under the action of the sliding sleeve and the connecting rod to press against the inner wall of the borehole; when two supports move away from each other, they cause the corresponding multiple sliding supports to move away from the sliding sleeve, causing the sliding supports to retract into the support under the action of the sliding sleeve and the connecting rod.

[0009] In some embodiments, a semi-circular rod is fixed at the center of each of the two supports on opposite sides. The two semi-circular rods are slidably disposed in the inner circular hole of the sliding sleeve, and the two semi-circular rods can be spliced ​​together to form a cylinder that fits the inner circular hole of the sliding sleeve.

[0010] In some embodiments, a first ring plate and a second ring plate are fixed to opposite sides of the two supports, respectively, both located outside the sliding sleeve; the second ring plate is slidably connected to the sliding sleeve after being sleeved on it. An elastic element is disposed between the first ring plate and the second ring plate to cause the first ring plate and the second ring plate to tend to move away from each other.

[0011] In some embodiments, the elastic element is annular in shape and is disposed along the outer edge of the support.

[0012] In some embodiments, the multi-parameter monitoring module includes at least a distance sensor, a tilt sensor, a temperature sensor, a moisture content sensor, a pressure sensor, a displacement sensor, and a remote communication unit, wherein the remote communication unit is electrically connected to the distance sensor, the tilt sensor, the temperature sensor, the moisture content sensor, the pressure sensor, and the displacement sensor, respectively.

[0013] Therefore, the air gap charging monitoring device provided in this embodiment of the invention, by setting an air gap frame between the main charging charge and the charged charge within the borehole, forms an air gap between them. The length of the air gap can be adjusted by changing the size of the air gap frame. A multi-parameter monitoring module, mounted on the air gap frame, detects borehole parameters and monitoring device parameters, transmitting these parameters to an external monitor. This allows personnel to monitor the borehole and monitoring device parameters in real time, comparing them with on-site operational requirements to determine if the charging status within the borehole meets these requirements (e.g., whether the air gap components have shifted, and whether the borehole parameter design is reasonable). When abnormal parameters occur, the main charging charge phenomenon and / or the received charging charge phenomenon and / or the air gap charging monitoring device 8 in the blast hole can be refilled, and the environment inside the blast hole can be adjusted to ensure that the charging state inside the blast hole meets the requirements of on-site operations. This avoids the phenomenon of sympathetic detonation failure due to the charging state inside the blast hole not meeting the requirements of on-site operations, thereby improving the accuracy and replicability of blasting operations. At the same time, the multi-parameter monitoring module is fixed at the bottom of the air gap frame, and the air gap frame can move the multi-parameter monitoring module synchronously. When using the air gap charging monitoring device, it is only necessary to place the air gap frame in place, without the need to install the multi-parameter monitoring module separately. Compared with the existing air bags as air gap components, this avoids adding steps during blast hole filling and avoids increasing the labor intensity of workers.

[0014] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention also provide an air-gap blasting method, which uses the air-gap charge monitoring device from the first aspect. The air-gap blasting method includes steps S100-S700. S100: Fill the borehole with a main explosive charge and lower the air-gap charge monitoring device from the borehole opening to the top surface of the main explosive charge inside the borehole. S200: Operators monitor the borehole parameters and monitoring device parameters in real time using an external monitor, and determine whether the borehole's filling status needs adjustment based on on-site operational requirements, borehole parameters, and monitoring device parameters. S300: If the borehole's filling status needs adjustment, remove the main explosive charge and the air-gap charge monitoring device, and repeat steps S100-S200 until the borehole's filling status no longer requires adjustment; if the borehole's filling status no longer requires adjustment, proceed to the next step. S400: Fill the air-gap charge above the air-gap charge monitoring device. S500: Personnel monitor the borehole parameters and monitoring device parameters in real time via an external monitor, and determine whether the borehole loading status needs rectification based on on-site operational requirements, borehole parameters, and monitoring device parameters. S600: If the borehole loading status requires rectification, remove the main explosive charge and air gap loading monitoring device, and repeat steps S400-S500 until the borehole loading status no longer requires rectification, then proceed to the next step. S700: Detonate the main explosive charge.

[0015] In some embodiments, step S400 further includes: embedding a detonating cord in the explosive charge. After step S600 and before step S700, the air-gap blasting method further includes: connecting the detonating cord to a detonating cord detonator outside the blast hole. After step S700, the air-gap blasting method further includes: checking whether the detonating cord detonator has been detonated; if the detonating cord detonator has been detonated, it is determined that the explosive charge has been detonated; if the detonating cord detonator has not been detonated, it is determined that the explosive charge has not been detonated.

[0016] The above-described air-gap blasting method has the same beneficial technical effects as the air-gap charge monitoring device provided in some of the above embodiments, and will not be repeated here. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of this invention, the accompanying drawings used in some embodiments of this invention will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only drawings of some embodiments of this invention, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings. Furthermore, the drawings described below can be regarded as schematic diagrams and are not intended to limit the actual size of the product, the actual flow of the method, the actual timing of the signals, etc. involved in the embodiments of this invention.

[0018] Figure 1 A structural diagram of an air-gap loading monitoring device provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a practical application diagram of an air-gap charging monitoring device provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figures 3-4 This is a cross-sectional view of an air-gap loading monitoring device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Among them, 1-Detonating cord detonator; 2-Detonating cord; 3-Detonator lead wire; 4-Stuffing section; 5-Presented explosive charge; 6-Detonating bomb; 7-Main explosive charge; 8-Air gap charging monitoring device; 9-Support; 10-Semi-circular rod; 11-Sliding sleeve; 12-Inner groove; 13-Slide groove; 14-Slide frame; 15-Sliding support; 16-Connecting rod; 17-Fixing rod; 18-First ring plate; 19-Second ring plate; 20-Elastic element; 21-Multi-parameter monitoring module. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions in some embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments provided by the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Where there is no conflict, the various embodiments of the present invention and the features thereof may be combined with each other.

[0022] As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more related enumerated entries.

[0023] Unless the context otherwise requires, throughout the specification and claims, the term "comprising" is interpreted as open-ended and encompassing, meaning "including, but not limited to." Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be included in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0024] In describing some embodiments, the term "connection" and its derivative expressions may be used. The term "connection" should be interpreted broadly; for example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. The embodiments of the invention described herein are not necessarily limited to the content of this document.

[0025] This document describes exemplary embodiments with reference to cross-sectional views and / or plan views, which are idealized exemplary drawings. In the drawings, the thickness of layers and the area of ​​regions are enlarged for clarity. Therefore, the regions shown in the drawings are schematic in nature, and their shapes are not intended to show the actual shapes of the areas of the device, nor are they intended to limit the scope of the exemplary embodiments.

[0026] Example 1: like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides an air gap charge monitoring device, which is applied in air gap blasting to monitor the charge status inside the blast hole during air gap blasting.

[0027] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the air gap charging monitoring device 8 includes an air gap frame and a multi-parameter monitoring module 21. The air gap frame is positioned between the main propellant charge 7 and the received propellant charge 5 within the borehole, creating an air gap between them; the main propellant charge 7 is located below the received propellant charge 5. The multi-parameter monitoring module 21 is fixed to the bottom of the air gap frame and is used to detect borehole parameters and monitoring device parameters, transmitting the detected parameters to an external monitor. The borehole parameters include at least the distance between the top surface of the main propellant charge 7 and the bottom of the air gap frame, the borehole inclination, and the temperature and moisture content within the borehole; the monitoring device parameters include at least the displacement generated by the air gap frame and the pressure on the lower surface of the air gap frame.

[0028] In this article, the main explosive charge 7 refers to the explosive charge section located at the bottom of the borehole and equipped with an initiator; the secondary explosive charge 5 refers to the upper explosive charge section without an initiator, which relies on the detonation energy of the main explosive charge 7 for sympathetic detonation; and the air gap refers to the air column section between the main explosive charge and the secondary explosive charge.

[0029] For example, the main explosive charge 7 is made of mixed emulsion explosives. The main explosive charge 7 is equipped with an initiator, which is assembled from an initiating bomb 6 and an electronic detonator. The detonator lead wire 3 of the electronic detonator is reserved along the inner wall of the borehole to the outer side of the borehole.

[0030] For example, the charged charge 5 is made of a mixture of emulsion explosives and does not contain an initiator. During detonation, the charged charge 5 is detonated by the detonation wave generated by the main charged charge 7. An air spacer forms an air gap between the main charged charge 7 and the charged charge 5.

[0031] The length of the air gap between the main dispensing pack 7 and the dispensed dispensing pack 5 can be adjusted by changing the size of the air gap frame.

[0032] The air gap charge monitoring device 8 can be lowered into the blast hole via a hook.

[0033] For example, the multi-parameter monitoring module 21 is fixed to the bottom of the air gap frame by screws or other connectors.

[0034] In some examples, the multi-parameter monitoring module 21 includes at least a distance sensor, a tilt sensor, a temperature sensor, a moisture content sensor, a pressure sensor, a displacement sensor, and a remote communication unit, which is electrically connected to the distance sensor, tilt sensor, temperature sensor, moisture content sensor, pressure sensor, and displacement sensor, respectively.

[0035] For example, the distance sensor, tilt sensor, temperature sensor, moisture content sensor, pressure sensor, displacement sensor, and remote communication unit are all integrated on the same mounting plate, which is fixed to the bottom of the air gap frame by screws and other connectors. For example, the distance sensor can detect the distance between the top surface of the main propellant charge 7 and the bottom of the air gap frame. When the air gap charging monitoring device is lowered to the borehole opening, the distance between the top surface of the main propellant charge 7 and the borehole opening can be detected. Based on this distance and the total length of the borehole, the actual charge length of the main propellant charge 7 can be calculated. Then, the actual charge volume of the main propellant charge 7 is calculated using the formula V=πr²Lcosθ to determine whether the charge amount of the main propellant charge 7 meets the requirements of the field operation. Here, r is the borehole radius, L is the actual borehole depth, and θ is the borehole tilt angle.

[0036] For example, the remote communication unit is an existing intrinsically safe wireless communication module.

[0037] After the delivered explosive charge 5 is placed, the staff can monitor the borehole parameters and monitoring device parameters in real time through an external monitor. The detected borehole parameters and monitoring device parameters are compared with the on-site operation requirements. If abnormal parameters are found, the main explosive charge 7 and / or the delivered explosive charge 5 and / or the air gap charging monitoring device 8 in the borehole can be refilled, and the environment inside the borehole can be adjusted to ensure that the charging state inside the borehole meets the on-site operation requirements. This avoids the phenomenon of sympathetic detonation failure due to the charging state inside the borehole not meeting the on-site operation requirements, and improves the accuracy and replicability of blasting operations.

[0038] Therefore, the air gap charging monitoring device provided in this embodiment of the invention, by setting an air gap frame between the main charging package 7 and the charged package 5 inside the borehole, forms an air gap between them. The length of the air gap between the main charging package 7 and the charged package 5 can be adjusted by changing the size of the air gap frame. By setting a multi-parameter monitoring module 21 on the air gap frame, the module can detect borehole parameters and monitoring device parameters, and transmit these parameters to an external monitor. This allows personnel to monitor the borehole and monitoring device parameters in real time via the external monitor, compare the detected parameters with the on-site operational requirements, and determine whether the charging status inside the borehole meets the requirements (e.g., whether the air gap components have shifted, and whether the borehole parameter design is reasonable). When abnormal parameters occur, the main charging charge 7 and / or the charged charge 5 and / or the air gap charging monitoring device 8 in the borehole can be refilled, and the environment inside the borehole can be adjusted to ensure that the charging state inside the borehole meets the requirements of on-site operations. This avoids the phenomenon of sympathetic detonation failure due to the charging state inside the borehole not meeting the requirements of on-site operations, and improves the accuracy and replicability of blasting operations. At the same time, the multi-parameter monitoring module 21 is fixed at the bottom of the air gap frame, and the air gap frame can move the multi-parameter monitoring module 21 synchronously. When using the air gap charging monitoring device, it is only necessary to place the air gap frame in place, without the need to install the multi-parameter monitoring module 21 separately. Compared with the existing air bags as air gap components, this avoids adding procedures during borehole filling and avoids increasing the labor intensity of workers.

[0039] In some embodiments, combined with Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 The air gap frame includes supports 9, elastic elements 20, and telescopic clamping assemblies. There are two supports 9; the two supports 9 are sequentially arranged between the main propellant charge 7 and the fired propellant charge 5 along the extension direction of the borehole, and are positioned opposite each other. The two supports 9 can move away from or towards each other under the action of external force. The multi-parameter monitoring module 21 is fixed to the bottom end of the support 9 near the main propellant charge 7. The elastic element 20 is disposed between the two supports 9 and is used to apply elastic force to the two supports 9, causing the two supports 9 to tend to move away from each other. The telescopic clamping assembly is disposed between the two supports 9 and is used to guide the two supports 9 so that the two supports 9 move away from or towards each other along the extension direction of the borehole. When the two supports 9 move towards each other, the assembly extends outside the support 9 to press against the inner wall of the borehole, and retracts inside the support 9 when the two supports 9 move away from each other.

[0040] For example, the support 9 is circular in shape, and its size must be smaller than the inner diameter of the borehole so that it can be inserted into the borehole. The two supports 9 can be labeled as the upper support and the lower support, respectively.

[0041] For example, after the main dispensing pack 7, the air spacer, and the dispensed pack 5 are placed in place, the lower support abuts against the top surface of the main dispensing pack 7, and the upper support abuts against the bottom surface of the dispensed pack 5.

[0042] For example, the upper surface of the upper support is provided with a first groove, and the lower surface of the lower support is provided with a second groove.

[0043] All the sensors in the multi-parameter monitoring module 21 can be fixed in the second groove.

[0044] Alternatively, in other examples, the pressure sensor in the multi-parameter monitoring module 21 can be fixed in the second groove to detect the pressure received by the lower support; the distance sensor in the multi-parameter monitoring module 21 is also fixed in the second groove to detect the distance between the top surface of the main dispensing pack 7 and the bottom end of the air spacer; the other sensors in the multi-parameter monitoring module 21 (tilt sensor, temperature sensor, moisture content sensor, etc.) can be fixed in the first groove.

[0045] The elastic element 20 can be an elastic sheet. The upper and lower ends of the elastic element 20 abut against the two supports 9 respectively, and apply elastic force to the two supports 9 respectively, so that the two supports 9 tend to move away from each other.

[0046] During the process of lowering the air gap charge monitoring device into the borehole, the two supports 9 are almost unaffected by external forces. At this time, the elastic element 20 moves the two supports 9 away from each other, thereby causing the telescopic clamping assembly to retract into the supports 9. The telescopic clamping assembly does not contact the inner wall of the borehole, so that the air gap charge monitoring device can be lowered into the borehole normally.

[0047] After the air gap charge monitoring device 8 is lowered above the main propellant charge 7 in the borehole, and the propellant charge 5 is filled above the air gap charge monitoring device 8, the propellant charge 5 exerts downward pressure on the air gap charge monitoring device 8, causing the two supports 9 to move closer to each other, and causing the telescopic clamping assembly to extend out of the support 9 to press against the inner wall of the borehole.

[0048] Understandably, the downward pressure generated by the air gap loading monitoring device 8 on the dispensed drug pack 5 needs to be greater than the force exerted by the elastic element 20 on the two supports 9 to move the two supports 9 away from each other.

[0049] With the above setup, the air gap charge monitoring device can be easily lowered into the borehole and clamped onto the inner wall of the borehole by the action of the propellant charge 5, thus maintaining the stability of the position of the air gap charge monitoring device 8.

[0050] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the telescopic clamping assembly includes a sliding sleeve 11 and telescopic claws. The sliding sleeve 11 is disposed between two supports 9; both supports 9 are slidably connected to the sliding sleeve 11 along the extension direction of the borehole. There are two telescopic claws, which are correspondingly disposed with the two supports 9; the telescopic claws are slidably disposed on the corresponding supports 9 and connected to the sliding sleeve 11; when the two supports 9 are close to each other, the telescopic claws can slide out of the supports 9 under the action of the sliding sleeve 11 to press against the inner wall of the borehole; when the two supports 9 are far apart, the telescopic claws can retract into the supports 9 under the action of the sliding sleeve 11.

[0051] The sliding sleeve 11 is perpendicular to the two supports 9. The telescopic claws are all set in the plane of the corresponding support 9. After the two supports 9 are slidably connected to the sliding sleeve 11, the sliding sleeve 11 can guide the sliding direction of the two supports 9.

[0052] Combination Figure 3 The telescopic claws connect the corresponding support 9 and the sliding sleeve 11, and the two telescopic claws connect the two supports 9 and the sliding sleeve 11 together.

[0053] With the above settings, when the two supports 9 are far apart or close to each other, the two telescopic claws can be driven to extend or retract into the supports 9 simultaneously, thereby fixing the position of the air gap loading monitoring device through the two telescopic claws.

[0054] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the telescopic claw includes multiple sets of hinged links, which are distributed in the circumferential direction of the sliding sleeve 11.

[0055] For example, multiple sets of hinged links are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction of the sliding sleeve 11, so that the multiple sets of hinged links are evenly stressed.

[0056] The hinged link includes a sliding support 15 and a connecting rod 16. The sliding support 15 is slidably mounted on the corresponding support 9 along the radial direction of the borehole. One end of the connecting rod 16 is hinged to the sliding support 15, and the other end is hinged to the sliding sleeve 11. When the two supports 9 approach each other, they cause the corresponding multiple sliding supports 15 to move closer to the sliding sleeve 11, so that the sliding supports 15 slide out of the support 9 under the action of the sliding sleeve 11 and the connecting rod 16 to press against the inner wall of the borehole; when the two supports 9 move away from each other, they cause the corresponding multiple sliding supports 15 to move away from the sliding sleeve 11, so that the sliding supports 15 retract into the support 9 under the action of the sliding sleeve 11 and the connecting rod 16.

[0057] For example, support 9 is circular; such as Figure 3As shown, the support 9 has multiple inner grooves 12, which are corresponding to multiple sliding supports 15 on the support 9. The inner grooves 12 are arranged radially along the support 9. The sliding supports 15 are slidably disposed in the corresponding inner grooves 12.

[0058] On the side of the support 9 facing the sliding sleeve 11, a plurality of sliding grooves 13 are provided at the position corresponding to the inner groove 12, and the plurality of sliding grooves 13 are provided in correspondence with the plurality of inner grooves 12.

[0059] One end of the connecting rod 16, which is hinged to the sliding support 15, passes through the slide groove 13 and is hinged to the sliding support 15 in the inner groove 12.

[0060] For example, a slide 14 is fixed on the sliding support 15, the slide 14 is disposed in the slide groove 13, and the connecting rod 16 is hinged to the slide 14.

[0061] With the above setup, the air gap charge monitoring device 8 can be fixed to the inner wall of the borehole by extending and retracting the sliding support 15.

[0062] In some embodiments, a semi-circular rod 10 is fixed at the center position of each of the two supports 9 on opposite sides. The two semi-circular rods 10 are slidably disposed in the inner circular hole of the sliding sleeve 11, and the two semi-circular rods 10 can form a cylinder that is adapted to the inner circular hole of the sliding sleeve 11 after being spliced ​​together.

[0063] For example, two semicircular rods 10 are staggered in the inner circular hole of the sliding sleeve 11.

[0064] With the above configuration, the two semi-circular rods 10 can slide inside the sliding sleeve 11 to guide the sliding of the two supports 9; and because the two semi-circular rods 10 can be spliced ​​together to form a cylinder that matches the inner circular hole of the sliding sleeve 11, the movement of the two semi-circular rods 10 when sliding inside the sliding sleeve 11 can be avoided.

[0065] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, a first ring plate 18 and a second ring plate 19 are fixed to opposite sides of the two supports 9, respectively. Both the first ring plate 18 and the second ring plate 19 are located outside the sliding sleeve 11. The second ring plate 19 is slidably connected to the sliding sleeve 11 after being sleeved on it. An elastic element 20 is disposed between the first ring plate 18 and the second ring plate 19 to make the first ring plate 18 and the second ring plate 19 tend to move away from each other.

[0066] For example, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the first ring plate 18 is fixed to the bottom end of the upper support by a plurality of fixing rods 17, and the second ring plate 19 is fixed to the top end of the lower support by a plurality of fixing rods 17.

[0067] The upper and lower ends of the elastic member 20 abut against the first ring plate 18 and the second ring plate 19 respectively, so as to apply a force to the first ring plate 18 and the second ring plate 19 to move the first ring plate 18 and the second ring plate 19 away from each other, thereby moving the two supports 9 away from each other.

[0068] The distance between the two supports 9 can be adjusted by adjusting the length of the fixing rod 17.

[0069] With the above configuration, the force exerted by the elastic element 20 on the upper support can be transmitted through the first ring plate 18, and the force exerted by the elastic element 20 on the lower support can be transmitted through the second ring plate 19.

[0070] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the elastic element 20 is annular in shape and is disposed along the outer edge of the support 9.

[0071] With the above settings, the elastic element 20 can apply a force to the support 9 evenly in the circumferential direction of the support 9.

[0072] In some embodiments, the elastic element 20 is an annular airbag.

[0073] The annular airbag is an existing device, easy to procure and convenient to assemble on-site, improving the ease of on-site assembly of the air gap charging monitoring device 8. By adjusting the size of the annular airbag, the initial distance between the two supports 9, as well as the distance between the two supports 9 when they are close together, can be adjusted accordingly.

[0074] The working principle of the air gap loading monitoring device 8 provided in this embodiment of the invention is as follows: After the air gap charging monitoring device 8 is placed on the main charging package 7, under the pressure of the charged package 5, the two supports 9 move closer to each other. The two symmetrical supports 9 drive the intersecting semi-circular rods 10 to slide relative to each other along the inner wall of the sliding sleeve 11, so as to realize the coaxial centering and adaptive spacing adjustment of the supports 9.

[0075] Under the transmission and pushing of the connecting rod 16, the slide 14 slides along the slide groove 13 toward the sliding sleeve 11, thereby pushing the sliding support 15 in the inner groove 12 to extend outward. The sliding support 15 presses against the inner wall of the blast hole, completing the radial fixation of the air gap charge monitoring device 8 in the blast hole, and preventing the air gap charge monitoring device 8 from being displaced or deviated.

[0076] The fixing rods 17 on opposite sides of the upper and lower supports 9 fix the first ring plate 18 and the second ring plate 19 respectively. When the supports 9 come together, the first ring plate 18 and the second ring plate 19 move towards each other synchronously, squeezing the annular airbag (elastic element 20) between them, causing the annular airbag to deform and expand outward, so that the outer wall of the annular airbag fits tightly against the inner wall of the borehole, forming a sealed and precisely sized air gap section.

[0077] The multi-parameter monitoring system module 21 embedded on the opposite side of the two supports 9 collects borehole parameters and monitoring device parameters in real time throughout the process, and remotely feeds them back to the surface monitoring terminal (external monitor) through the remote communication unit, realizing full monitoring of the air gap section and borehole environment.

[0078] In summary, the beneficial effects of the air gap charge monitoring device 8 provided in this embodiment of the invention are as follows: The air gap charge monitoring device 8 integrates a multi-parameter monitoring module 21, which can collect data on borehole depth, inclination, temperature, moisture content, and pressure and displacement data of the air gap charge monitoring device 8 in real time, and transmit them to the ground terminal for full-process visual control. This avoids problems such as jamming, displacement, and excessive detection parameters in the borehole during the lowering of the air gap charge monitoring device 8, and can significantly improve the success rate of sympathetic detonation (according to actual tests, the success rate of sympathetic detonation is close to 100%).

[0079] Example 2: This invention also provides an air-gap blasting method, which uses the air-gap charge monitoring device 8 from Embodiment 1, combined with... Figure 2 The air gap blasting method includes steps S100-S700.

[0080] S100. The main propellant charge 7 is loaded into the borehole, and the air gap charging monitoring device 8 is lowered from the borehole opening to the top surface of the main propellant charge 7 inside the borehole.

[0081] S200: Staff monitor the borehole parameters and monitoring device parameters in real time through external monitors, and determine whether the loading status of the borehole needs to be rectified based on the on-site operation requirements, borehole parameters, and monitoring device parameters.

[0082] S300. When it is determined that the loading status of the borehole needs to be rectified, remove the main propellant charge 7 and the air gap charging monitoring device 8, and repeat the above steps S100-S200 until the loading status of the borehole does not need to be rectified; when it is determined that the loading status of the borehole does not need to be rectified, proceed to the next step.

[0083] The main explosive charge 7 is filled at the bottom of the borehole. The main explosive charge 7 contains an initiator, which is formed by assembling the detonating shell 6 and the electronic detonator. The detonator lead wire 3 of the electronic detonator is reserved along the inner wall of the borehole to the outer side of the borehole.

[0084] The air gap charge monitoring device can be hoisted by a hook and gradually lowered to the top surface of the main propellant charge 7 inside the blast hole.

[0085] When the air gap frame of the air gap charging monitoring device 8 is lowered to the borehole, the distance between the top surface of the main propellant charge 7 and the borehole can be detected by the multi-parameter monitoring module 21, and the actual charge length of the main propellant charge 7 can be calculated by combining the total length of the borehole.

[0086] The loading status of the borehole can include data such as the environmental conditions inside the borehole, the charge structure, length, and charging interval. Field operation requirements include the range of borehole parameters to be measured on-site and the parameters of the monitoring devices.

[0087] The method for determining whether the filling status of a blast hole needs rectification based on on-site operation requirements, blast hole parameters, and monitoring device parameters is as follows: Determine whether the blast hole parameters and monitoring device parameters fall within the range of on-site operation requirements. If they fall within the range of on-site operation requirements, the filling status of the blast hole is determined to be compliant with rectification requirements. If they do not fall within the range of on-site operation requirements, the filling status of the blast hole is determined to be compliant with rectification requirements.

[0088] For example, the actual charge volume of the main charging package 7 can be calculated by the actual charge length and diameter of the borehole. By comparing the actual charge volume with the charge volume of the main charging package 7 specified in the on-site operation requirements, it can be determined whether the actual charge volume of the main charging package 7 meets the requirements. If it meets the requirements, it can be determined that the main charging package 7 does not need to be modified.

[0089] By monitoring the parameters of the blast holes and the monitoring device in real time, staff can promptly detect when the filling status of the blast holes is not up to standard and refill them, thereby ensuring that the filling status of the blast holes meets the requirements of on-site operations.

[0090] S400, Load the dispensed explosive package 5 above the air gap explosive loading monitoring device 8.

[0091] S500: Staff monitor the borehole parameters and monitoring device parameters in real time through external monitors, and determine whether the loading status of the borehole needs to be rectified based on the on-site operation requirements, borehole parameters, and monitoring device parameters.

[0092] S600. When it is determined that the loading status of the blast hole needs to be rectified, take out the propellant charge 5 and the air gap loading monitoring device 8, and repeat the above steps S400-S500 until the loading status of the blast hole does not need to be rectified, and proceed to the next step.

[0093] S700, detonate main explosive charge 7.

[0094] For example, the dispensed drug pack 5 is positioned close to the top surface of the air gap drug loading monitoring device 8.

[0095] By monitoring borehole parameters and monitoring device parameters in real time, it is possible to detect unqualified loading status of boreholes in a timely manner and reload them, thereby ensuring that the loading status of boreholes meets the requirements of on-site operations. This avoids the phenomenon of sympathetic detonation failure due to the unqualified charge status in boreholes, and improves the accuracy and replicability of blasting operations.

[0096] In some embodiments, combined with Figure 2 Step S400 further includes: embedding a detonating cord 2 in the delivered explosive charge 5. After step S600 and before step S700, the air-gap blasting method further includes: connecting the detonating cord 2 to the detonating cord detonator 1 outside the blast hole. After step S700, the air-gap blasting method further includes: checking whether the detonating cord detonator 1 has been detonated; if the detonating cord detonator 1 has been detonated, it is determined that the delivered explosive charge 5 has been detonated; if the detonating cord detonator 1 has not been detonated, it is determined that the delivered explosive charge 5 has not been detonated.

[0097] After the detonating cord 2 is connected to the detonating tube 1 outside the blast hole, a surface detonator is formed. When the delivered explosive charge 5 detonates, it can detonate the detonating cord 2, which in turn detonates the detonating tube 1. At this time, by checking whether the detonating tube 1 has been detonated, it can be determined whether the delivered explosive charge 5 has been detonated, thus verifying the sympathetic detonation effect of the delivered explosive charge 5.

[0098] The air gap blasting method of this application will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0099] Taking the deep-hole blasting of a 170mm diameter calcareous silicate rock mass in an open-pit mine in a desert area as an example, the designed hole depth is 16.8m. The specific implementation steps are as follows: S1. Drilling and preliminary cleaning of blast holes: Drill a 170mm diameter stepped deep hole with a designed depth of 16.8m. After drilling, use a hole cleaning device to remove rock cuttings and debris from the hole to ensure unobstructed flow. Temporary protection is provided at the hole opening.

[0100] S2. Main explosive charge 7 loading and detonator setup: 100kg of mixed emulsion explosive is loaded at the bottom of the borehole to form the main explosive charge 7. A 400g detonating bomb 6 and one electronic detonator are assembled into the detonator and fixed at the bottom of the main explosive charge 7. The detonator lead wire 3 is reliably connected to the electronic detonator and is reserved along the inner wall of the borehole to the borehole opening.

[0101] S3. Lowering the air gap charge monitoring device 8 and detecting borehole parameters: The air gap charge monitoring device 8, which integrates the multi-parameter monitoring system module 21, is lowered onto the top surface of the main charge package 7. During the lowering process, the borehole inclination angle is detected to be 5°, the internal temperature is 28°, the moisture content is 0.5%, the initial pressure on the lower surface of the air gap frame is 3MPa, and the displacement of the air gap frame is 0mm. All data are fed back to the external monitor in real time to ensure that the air gap charge monitoring device 8 is lowered without any jamming and that there are no sudden changes in the borehole parameters and monitoring device parameters.

[0102] S4. Verify the loading structure from bottom to top to confirm that the positions of the main delivery package 7 and the air gap loading monitoring device 8 are without deviation.

[0103] S5. Installation of the Activated Explosive Package and Detonating Cord: 240 kg of emulsion explosive, identical to the main explosive package 7, is loaded above the air gap charging monitoring device 8 to form the activated explosive package 5, without a detonator. A detonating cord 2 is installed within the activated explosive package 5, ensuring its tip extends to the ground surface.

[0104] S6. Filling the blast hole and connecting it to the surface detonator: Use rock powder to fill the blast hole opening in layers, and after compaction, form a filling section 4 with a height of 4.5m. Connect the surface end of the detonating cord 2 to the detonating tube detonator 1 to form a surface detonator and provide temporary protection.

[0105] S7. Detonation Network Construction: Construct a fishbone-shaped detonation network, connect all detonator leads 3 in all boreholes, set the in-hole delay to 75ms between rows on the ground and 42ms between boreholes, and check that all connection points are secure and undamaged.

[0106] S8. Pre-detonation full-area verification: Verify that the pressure on the lower surface of the air gap is 7MPa and the displacement is 0mm, with no abnormalities; verify that the charge parameters and packing height are consistent with the design, and that the detonation network connection is complete; clear the blasting warning area, and evacuate irrelevant personnel and equipment to a safe area.

[0107] S9. Sympathetic detonation initiation operation: The initiation system is started by a designated person. The initiation signal is sent through the detonator lead wire 3 in the hole to detonate the initiator body. After the main explosive charge 7 explodes, the sympathetic detonation initiation of the upper explosive charge 5 is initiated. All blast holes are detonated in sequence according to the micro-delay time.

[0108] S10. Verification and Data Recording Analysis of Sympathetic Detonation Effect: After the blasting warning is lifted, check that all surface detonators in all blast holes have been fired, indicating successful sympathetic detonation. Monitoring shows that the blast fragments are evenly distributed, with a maximum forward thrust of 30m and a backward pull range of 1.8-3.5m. Completely record the blast hole parameters, device status parameters, charge parameters, and blasting effect data for this blasting, establish a data archive, and provide a basis for subsequent optimization of blasting parameters.

[0109] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An air-gap charging monitoring device, characterized in that, include: An air gaper is provided between the main propellant charge (7) and the fired propellant charge (5) inside the borehole to form an air gap between the main propellant charge (7) and the fired propellant charge (5); the main propellant charge (7) is located below the fired propellant charge (5); and, The multi-parameter monitoring module (21) is fixed at the bottom of the air gap frame and is used to detect borehole parameters and monitoring device parameters, and transmit the detected borehole parameters and monitoring device parameters to an external monitor. The borehole parameters include at least the distance between the top surface of the main propellant charge (7) and the bottom of the air spacer, the inclination of the borehole, and the temperature and moisture content inside the borehole; the monitoring device parameters include at least the displacement generated by the air spacer and the pressure on the lower surface of the air spacer.

2. The air-gap loading monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air gap frame includes: The number of supports (9) is two; the two supports (9) are arranged sequentially between the main propellant charge (7) and the propellant charge (5) along the extension direction of the blast hole and are arranged opposite to each other. The two supports (9) can move away from each other or move closer to each other under the action of external force; the multi-parameter monitoring module (21) is fixed at the bottom end of the support (9) near the main propellant charge (7); An elastic element (20), disposed between the two supports (9), is used to apply an elastic force to the two supports (9) to cause the two supports (9) to tend to move away from each other; and, A telescopic clamping assembly is disposed between the two supports (9) for guiding the two supports (9) to move away from or close to each other along the extension direction of the borehole, and extending out of the supports (9) to press against the inner wall of the borehole when the two supports (9) are close to each other, and retracting into the supports (9) when the two supports (9) are far apart.

3. The air-gap loading monitoring device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The telescopic locking assembly includes: A sliding sleeve (11) is disposed between the two supports (9); both supports (9) are slidably connected to the sliding sleeve (11) along the extension direction of the borehole; and, There are two telescopic claws, and the two telescopic claws are correspondingly set with the two supports (9). The telescopic claws are slidably set on the corresponding supports (9) and connected to the sliding sleeve (11). When the two supports (9) are close to each other, the telescopic claws can slide out to the outside of the supports (9) under the action of the sliding sleeve (11) to press against the inner side wall of the borehole. When the two supports (9) are far apart, the telescopic claws can retract into the supports (9) under the action of the sliding sleeve (11).

4. The air-gap loading monitoring device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The telescopic claw includes multiple sets of hinged links, which are distributed in the circumferential direction of the sliding sleeve (11); The hinged link includes: A sliding support (15) is slidably disposed on the corresponding support (9) along the radial direction of the borehole; and, The connecting rod (16) is hinged at one end to the sliding support (15) and at the other end to the sliding sleeve (11); When the two supports (9) approach each other, they drive the corresponding multiple sliding supports (15) to approach the sliding sleeve (11), so that the sliding supports (15) slide out to the outside of the support (9) under the action of the sliding sleeve (11) and the connecting rod (16) to press against the inner wall of the borehole; when the two supports (9) move away from each other, they drive the corresponding multiple sliding supports (15) away from the sliding sleeve (11), so that the sliding supports (15) retract into the support (9) under the action of the sliding sleeve (11) and the connecting rod (16).

5. The air-gap loading monitoring device according to claim 4, characterized in that, A semi-circular rod (10) is fixed at the center of each of the two supports (9). The two semi-circular rods (10) are slidably disposed in the inner circular hole of the sliding sleeve (11). The two semi-circular rods (10) can form a cylinder that is compatible with the inner circular hole of the sliding sleeve (11) after being spliced ​​together.

6. The air-gap loading monitoring device according to claim 4, characterized in that, A first ring plate (18) and a second ring plate (19) are fixed on opposite sides of the two supports (9), and the first ring plate (18) and the second ring plate (19) are both located outside the sliding sleeve (11); the second ring plate (19) is slidably connected to the sliding sleeve (11) after being sleeved on the sliding sleeve (11). The elastic element (20) is disposed between the first ring plate (18) and the second ring plate (19) to make the first ring plate (18) and the second ring plate (19) tend to move away from each other.

7. The air-gap loading monitoring device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The elastic element (20) is annular in shape and is disposed along the outer edge of the support (9).

8. The air-gap loading monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-parameter monitoring module (21) includes at least a distance sensor, a tilt sensor, a temperature sensor, a moisture content sensor, a pressure sensor, a displacement sensor, and a remote communication unit. The remote communication unit is electrically connected to the distance sensor, the tilt sensor, the temperature sensor, the moisture content sensor, the pressure sensor, and the displacement sensor, respectively.

9. A method for air-gap blasting, characterized in that, The air-space explosive charging monitoring device according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein the air-space blasting method comprises: S100. The main propellant charge (7) is loaded into the borehole, and the air gap charging monitoring device (8) is lowered from the borehole opening to the top surface of the main propellant charge (7) in the borehole. S200. Staff members monitor the borehole parameters and monitoring device parameters in real time through an external monitor, and determine whether the loading status of the borehole needs to be rectified based on the on-site operation requirements, the borehole parameters, and the monitoring device parameters. S300. When it is determined that the loading status of the borehole needs to be rectified, the main propellant charge (7) and the air gap propellant monitoring device (8) are removed, and the above steps S100-S200 are repeated until the loading status of the borehole does not need to be rectified; when it is determined that the loading status of the borehole does not need to be rectified, proceed to the next step. S400, Load the dispensed drug package (5) above the air gap drug loading monitoring device (8); S500: Staff monitor the borehole parameters and monitoring device parameters in real time through an external monitor, and determine whether the loading status of the borehole needs to be rectified based on the on-site operation requirements, the borehole parameters, and the monitoring device parameters. S600. When it is determined that the loading status of the blast hole needs to be rectified, the propellant charge (5) and the air gap loading monitoring device (8) are removed. The above steps S400-S500 are repeated until the loading status of the blast hole does not need to be rectified, and then proceed to the next step. S700, Detonate the main explosive charge (7).

10. The air-gap blasting method according to claim 9, characterized in that, Step S400 further includes: embedding a detonating cord (2) in the explosive charge (5); After step S600 and before step S700, the air gap blasting method further includes: connecting the detonating cord (2) to the detonating tube detonator (1) outside the blast hole; After step S700, the air gap blasting method further includes: Check whether the detonating cord detonator (1) has been detonated; if the detonating cord detonator (1) has been detonated, it is determined that the explosive charge (5) has been detonated; if the detonating cord detonator (1) has not been detonated, it is determined that the explosive charge (5) has not been detonated.

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