A method and device for detecting size deviation of a concrete core sample

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of concrete core sample specimen size deviation detection method and device, belong to building material quality detection technical field.The method includes: drive horizontal bearing platform of the core sample to be measured rotates, in the rotation process, its unique identity is obtained by identity recognition unit, while in parallel, the data for calculating perpendicularity deviation, end face flatness deviation and height representative value are obtained by three-dimensional scanning unit and height measuring unit;Subsequently, by the cooperation of lifting mechanism and rotating mechanism, drive the core sample to be measured is measured diameter by diameter measuring unit under multiple preset sections and angles;Finally, data processing unit is according to all measurement data, automatically calculates each index and determines whether test piece is qualified according to preset qualified requirement.The application realizes the comprehensive detection and intelligent determination of high efficiency, high accuracy and traceability to the size of concrete core sample by automatic process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of building material quality testing technology, specifically a method and device for detecting dimensional deviations in concrete core sample specimens. Background Technology

[0002] Core drilling is a crucial testing method for assessing the strength of structural concrete, and the accuracy of its results directly impacts the safety evaluation of engineering structures. According to relevant standards such as JGJ / T 384-2016 "Technical Specification for Core Drilling Method for Testing Concrete Strength," the geometrical dimensional deviations of the core sample must be rigorously checked before conducting compressive strength tests to ensure its quality meets the testing requirements. Currently, engineering quality testing laboratories still widely employ traditional manual measurement methods. Testing personnel must use tools such as vernier calipers, steel rulers, protractors, and feeler gauges to measure, record, and calculate each dimensional indicator of the core sample. This purely manual testing method has many inherent technical drawbacks.

[0003] First, the measurement efficiency is low. Measuring all dimensional parameters of a single core sample typically takes several minutes, making it difficult to meet the rapid testing needs of large batches of core samples in modern engineering. Second, human error is significant, resulting in poor repeatability and reproducibility of measurement results. Operations such as reading, alignment, and finding "mutually perpendicular" positions all rely on the experience and subjective judgment of the testing personnel; measurements taken by different personnel or by the same person at different times may yield significantly different results.

[0004] Furthermore, data management and traceability are difficult. Manual recording is prone to errors, omissions, and even data tampering, making it difficult to meet the requirements of laboratory quality management systems for data integrity and traceability. Simultaneously, all parameter calculations and conformity assessments must be performed manually, a cumbersome and error-prone process. Although high-precision general-purpose measuring equipment such as coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) exist on the market, they are expensive, complex to operate, and not optimized for the specific procedures and judgment logic of core sample testing, making them unsuitable for widespread application in engineering testing. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a dedicated device capable of fully automated, high-efficiency, and high-precision measurement. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the technical problems of low efficiency, large human error, poor data traceability, and easy error in the detection of dimensional deviations of concrete core samples in existing technologies, which rely on manual operation, this invention provides a method and device for detecting dimensional deviations of core samples.

[0006] The first aspect of this invention is to provide a method for detecting dimensional deviations in concrete core specimens, comprising the following steps: The horizontal support platform carrying the core sample to be tested rotates around its central axis. During the rotation of the horizontal support platform, a unique identifier is obtained for the core sample to be tested, and the identifier is then linked to subsequent measurement data. During the rotation of the horizontal platform, the following parallel operations are performed: the surface of the core sample to be tested is scanned by the three-dimensional scanning unit to obtain three-dimensional point cloud data, and the end face flatness deviation and verticality deviation of the core sample to be tested are calculated based on the three-dimensional point cloud data; height data is collected in multiple rotation orientations by the height measurement unit, and the representative height value of the core sample to be tested is calculated based on the collected height data. The horizontal support platform is driven to move vertically, so that the core sample to be measured is sequentially positioned at multiple preset measurement sections distributed along the height direction. At least some of the preset measurement sections, the horizontal support platform is driven to rotate around the axis to different measurement angles. Multiple measured diameter values ​​distributed at different height positions and different rotation angles are obtained through the diameter measurement unit, and a representative diameter value is calculated based on all the measured diameter values. The height-to-diameter ratio is calculated based on the representative values ​​of the height and diameter of the core sample to be tested, and the diameter deviation is calculated based on the maximum difference between the measured diameter values ​​and the representative diameter values. Determine whether the end face flatness deviation, perpendicularity deviation, height-to-diameter ratio, and diameter deviation all meet their respective preset qualification requirements; if all are met, the dimensional deviation of the core sample to be tested is deemed qualified; if any one is not met, the dimensional deviation of the core sample to be tested is deemed unqualified.

[0007] Furthermore, there are six measured diameter values, which are obtained from the upper, middle, and lower sections of the core sample to be tested, respectively; among them, the measurement directions of two diameters obtained from the same section are perpendicular to each other.

[0008] Furthermore, the upper section is located 15mm-25mm from the upper end face of the core sample to be tested, the lower section is located 15mm-25mm from the lower end face of the core sample to be tested, and the middle section is located at the midpoint between the upper and lower end faces of the core sample to be tested.

[0009] Furthermore, the calculation of the perpendicularity deviation of the core sample under test based on 3D point cloud data includes: The point cloud data processing module preprocesses the acquired 3D point cloud data, extracts the point cloud subset of the cylindrical side of the core sample to be tested, and uses the least squares method to fit the cylinder equation to obtain the axis direction vector of the cylinder of the core sample to be tested. Extract the point cloud subsets of the top and bottom surfaces of the core sample to be tested, and perform plane fitting to obtain the top surface normal vector and the bottom surface normal vector respectively; The point cloud subset on the side of the cylinder is divided into multiple sectors along the circumference. A local generatrix direction vector is fitted to each sector. The angles between the top surface normal vector, the bottom surface normal vector and the local generatrix direction vector of each sector are calculated. The maximum value of the angles among all sectors is taken as the perpendicularity deviation of the core sample to be tested.

[0010] Furthermore, extracting the cylindrical side point cloud subset of the core sample to be tested involves using the RANSAC algorithm or a region growing method based on normal vector consistency to segment the cylindrical side point cloud subset from the complete point cloud.

[0011] Furthermore, the calculation of the end face flatness deviation of the core sample under test based on 3D point cloud data includes: The top surface point cloud subset of the core sample to be tested is extracted by the point cloud data processing module, and the top surface point cloud subset is divided into multiple sectors along the radial direction. The least squares method is used to fit a local plane to each sector. Calculate the vertical distance from all points in each sector to the fitted local plane, take the maximum value as the flatness deviation of that sector, and take the maximum value of the flatness deviation of all sectors as the flatness deviation of the core sample to be tested.

[0012] Furthermore, the pre-set qualification requirements include at least the following: the height-to-diameter ratio is within the range of 0.95 to 1.05, the end face flatness deviation is not more than 0.08 mm within a length of 100 mm, the perpendicularity deviation is not more than 1°, and the maximum deviation between the measured diameter value and the representative diameter value is not more than 1.5 mm.

[0013] Furthermore, before driving the horizontal support platform carrying the core sample to be tested to rotate around its central axis, the process also includes: an initialization operation, which includes clearing the data of the three-dimensional scanning unit, the height measurement unit, and the diameter measurement unit, and putting the horizontal support platform in its initial position.

[0014] A second aspect of the present invention is to provide a device for detecting dimensional deviations in concrete core specimens, comprising: The installation platform is equipped with horizontal and vertical supports. A horizontal support platform, set on the installation platform, is used to support the core sample to be tested; A rotating mechanism is located below the installation platform and connected to the horizontal support platform, used to drive the horizontal support platform to rotate around its central axis. The lifting mechanism is located below the installation platform and is connected to the rotating mechanism for driving the rotating mechanism and the horizontal support platform to move vertically. An identification unit, mounted on the installation platform, is used to read the unique identification mark on the surface of the core sample to be tested during the rotation of the horizontal support platform; The diameter measuring unit, located on the mounting platform, is used to collect the diameter data of the core sample to be measured. The height measurement unit is mounted on a horizontal support, with its measuring end pointing vertically downwards and parallel to the axis of the horizontal support platform. It is used to collect the height data of the core sample to be measured. The three-dimensional scanning unit, mounted on a vertical support, is used to acquire three-dimensional point cloud data of the core sample to be tested. The main controller, which communicates with the lifting mechanism, rotating mechanism, diameter measurement unit, height measurement unit, 3D scanning unit, and identification unit, is used to control their movement and trigger data acquisition; and The data processing unit is connected to the main controller and is configured to: process three-dimensional point cloud data to calculate the verticality deviation and end face flatness deviation of the core sample to be tested; and automatically determine whether the core sample to be tested is qualified based on preset qualification requirements, using diameter data, height data, verticality deviation and end face flatness deviation.

[0015] Furthermore, the diameter measuring unit is a through-beam laser diameter gauge, which is arranged on both sides of the axis of the core sample to be measured and located in the same horizontal plane; the height measuring unit is a laser displacement sensor set on the mounting platform.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: (1) This invention integrates the processes of identity recognition, multi-dimensional size measurement, data calculation and qualification judgment into one, realizing fully automated operation. The detection time of a single core sample to be tested is shortened from several minutes to tens of seconds by manual labor, and the efficiency is increased several times, which can meet the rapid detection needs of a large number of core samples to be tested.

[0017] (2) The present invention uses a high-precision laser sensor and a three-dimensional scanning unit for non-contact measurement, and achieves accurate positioning of the measurement position through a precise rotation and lifting mechanism, eliminating random and systematic errors introduced by manual reading, alignment and positioning, and ensuring high precision and high repeatability of the measurement results.

[0018] (3) The measurement data of the present invention is automatically collected, processed and stored by the system and automatically bound to the unique identification of the core sample to be tested. There is no human intervention throughout the process, which effectively avoids the risk of data misrecording and tampering, ensures the authenticity and integrity of the data, and fully meets the requirements of the laboratory quality management system for data traceability. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of the detection device provided in an embodiment of the present invention (I); Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of the detection device provided in an embodiment of the present invention (II); Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the lifting mechanism and the rotating mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 A block diagram illustrating the working principle of a control system provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of a detection method provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 This is a flowchart of an algorithm for the perpendicularity and flatness of a core sample to be tested, provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Among them: 10-core sample to be tested, 11-installation platform, 12-horizontal support, 13-horizontal bracket, 14-vertical bracket, 15-cabinet around the instrument, 16-horizontal base plate, 17-adjustable height support, 21-height measurement unit, 22-3D scanning unit, 23-laser emitting end, 24-laser receiving end, 31-lifting mechanism, 32-first connecting piece, 33-rotation mechanism, 34-second connecting piece, 41-identification unit, 42-main controller, 43-data processing unit, 44-display terminal. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0023] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1 To be continued Figure 6 The invention is described in detail with specific embodiments.

[0024] This invention provides a method for detecting dimensional deviations in concrete core specimens, comprising the following steps: S101: Drive the horizontal support platform 12 carrying the core sample 10 to rotate around its central axis; this rotation provides the basis for subsequent parallel measurements.

[0025] S102: During the rotation of the horizontal support platform 12, a unique identifier of the core sample 10 to be tested is obtained, and the identifier is bound to the subsequent measurement data. The physical entity of each core sample 10 to be tested is uniquely bound to its digital measurement result, which fundamentally solves the problems of errors and data tampering that may occur in manual recording, and ensures the integrity and traceability of the test data.

[0026] S103: During the rotation of the horizontal pier 12, the following parallel operations are performed: The surface of the core sample 10 to be tested is scanned by the three-dimensional scanning unit 22 to obtain three-dimensional point cloud data, which serves as the basis for subsequent analysis of complex geometric morphology. The end-face flatness deviation and verticality deviation of the core sample 10 to be tested are calculated based on the three-dimensional point cloud data. In parallel with the three-dimensional scanning, the system collects height data at multiple rotational orientations through the height measurement unit 21, and calculates the representative height value of the core sample 10 to be tested based on the collected height data. Since the end face of the concrete core sample may be uneven, measuring height at a single location will introduce random errors. This invention, by collecting height data at multiple points during rotation and calculating the representative height value (e.g., average or median value) of the core sample 10 to be tested based on the collected height data, greatly improves the accuracy and repeatability of height measurement, solving the problem of high randomness in manual single-measurement.

[0027] S104: Drive the horizontal support platform 12 to move vertically, so that the core sample 10 to be tested is sequentially positioned at multiple preset measurement sections distributed along the height direction. At at least some of the preset measurement sections, drive the horizontal support platform 12 to rotate around the axis to different measurement angles. The diameter measurement unit (laser emitter 23 and laser receiver 24) acquires multiple measured diameter values ​​distributed at different height positions and different rotation angles. The representative diameter value is calculated based on all the measured diameter values ​​to reflect the overall diameter status of the core sample 10 to be tested. This multi-section, multi-angle measurement strategy aims to comprehensively evaluate the diameter change of the core sample along its axial direction and can effectively detect irregular shapes.

[0028] S105: The system calculates the height-to-diameter ratio based on the representative height and diameter values ​​of the core sample 10 to be tested. The height-to-diameter ratio is a key correction parameter in concrete compressive strength testing, and its accuracy directly affects the validity of the final strength results. It also calculates the diameter deviation based on the maximum difference between the measured diameter values ​​and the representative diameter values ​​to assess the consistency of the core sample diameter.

[0029] S106: Enter the automatic judgment stage. The system determines whether the end face flatness deviation, perpendicularity deviation, height-to-diameter ratio, and diameter deviation of the test core sample 10 all meet their respective preset qualification requirements. If all requirements are met, the core sample is judged to have acceptable dimensional deviations; if any requirement is not met, the core sample 10 is judged to have unacceptable dimensional deviations. This fully automated judgment process completely replaces manual comparison with standards and subjective judgment, greatly improving judgment efficiency and, more importantly, ensuring the objectivity and consistency of the judgment results, thus avoiding the risk of human error.

[0030] In a preferred embodiment, six diameter measurements are taken from the upper, middle, and lower sections of the core sample. The measurement directions of two diameters taken from the same section are perpendicular to each other. This "six-point method" ensures the compliance and authority of the measurement results. Compared to manual operation, which struggles to accurately guarantee "perpendicularity" and the accuracy of section positions, the mechanical structure and control system of this invention reliably achieve this, thus obtaining more reliable and repeatable six-point diameter data than manual measurement.

[0031] Furthermore, the upper section is located 15mm-25mm from the upper end face of the core sample 10, the lower section is located 15mm-25mm from the lower end face of the core sample 10, and the middle section is located at the midpoint between the upper and lower end faces of the core sample 10. For example, in a specific application, the upper and lower sections can be set to be 20mm from the end faces. This setting is based on engineering experience, which suggests that the end region of the core sample 10 is most prone to dimensional deviations during drilling or cutting, while the dimensions of the middle region also need to be controlled. By accurately measuring these three key sections, the diameter uniformity of the entire core sample 10 can be effectively evaluated.

[0032] For further details, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 6 The verticality deviation of the core sample 10 under test, calculated based on 3D point cloud data, includes: After the 3D scanning unit 22 acquires data, the acquired 3D point cloud data is preprocessed (e.g., filtered) by the point cloud data processing module. A subset of the point cloud from the cylindrical side surface of the core sample 10 is extracted, and the cylinder equation is fitted using the least squares method to obtain the axial direction vector of the cylinder of the core sample 10. Simultaneously, subsets of the point cloud from the top and bottom surfaces of the core sample 10 are extracted, and plane fitting is performed to obtain the top and bottom normal vectors, respectively. This process is used to simulate manual measurement at multiple points on the circumference and to identify the maximum deviation. In this invention, the point cloud subset on the side of the cylinder is divided into multiple sectors along the circumferential direction. For example, the point cloud on the side of the cylinder is divided into 12 equal sectors, and a local generatrix direction vector is fitted to each sector. Simultaneously, the top and bottom surfaces of the core sample 10 are also divided into multiple sectors along the circumferential direction. For example, the end face point cloud is divided into 12 sectors, and the angles between the top and bottom surface normal vectors and the local generatrix direction vectors of each sector are calculated. The maximum value of the angles among all sectors is taken as the perpendicularity deviation of the core sample 10. This strategy of finding the maximum deviation by sector, compared to simply calculating the angle between the overall axis and the end face normal vector, is better able to capture extreme perpendicularity deviations that may occur in specific directions due to local irregularities in the core sample, greatly improving the rigor and reliability of the detection.

[0033] In one alternative implementation, extracting a subset of the cylindrical side point cloud from the core sample 10 involves segmenting the cylindrical side point cloud from the complete point cloud using the RANSAC algorithm or a region growing method based on normal vector consistency. The RANSAC algorithm, through random sampling and iterative verification, can effectively identify and separate the main point cloud conforming to the cylindrical model from the original point cloud containing a large amount of noise and outliers. The region growing method, starting from a seed point and gradually expanding based on the normal vector similarity of neighboring points, can also effectively segment the smooth cylindrical surface. Using these advanced point cloud segmentation algorithms provides cleaner data for subsequent geometric fitting, thus ensuring the accuracy of the perpendicularity calculation results.

[0034] For details, please refer to Figure 6 The principle of the verticality calculation algorithm is as follows: Step 1: Extracting point clouds from the side of the cylinder Using the RANSAC (Random Sample Consensus) algorithm or a region growing method based on normal vector consistency, a subset of the point cloud representing the side surface of the cylinder is segmented from the complete point cloud. P side .

[0035] Step 2: Cylinder Fitting The least squares method is used to fit the equation of the cylinder: Let the direction vector of the cylinder axis be... A point on the axis is The radius of the cylinder is .

[0036] The equation of the cylinder is: ,in By minimizing the objective function Solve , And R.

[0037] Step 3: End-face point cloud extraction and plane fitting Based on the distribution characteristics of the point cloud Z-coordinate (height direction), a subset of the point cloud on the top surface of the core sample to be tested is extracted. P top The least squares method is used to fit the plane equation. Then the plane normal vector can be calculated. After normalization, it becomes a unit normal vector.

[0038] Step 4: Measure and extract the maximum value of perpendicularity along the circumference from multiple directions. Because concrete core samples are not standard perfect cylinders (the drilling process may cause ellipticization of the cross-section and local unevenness on the sides), there are slight differences in the generatrix direction along different circumferences. This algorithm first converts the point cloud of the cylinder's side surface... P side The circumference is divided into 12 sectors at equal angular intervals, with each sector measuring 30°. This is denoted as... This simulates the process of repeatedly measuring with a protractor at multiple locations around a circle.

[0039] For each sector Extract a subset of the point cloud from the cylindrical lateral surface within the sector, and fit the local generatrix direction vector of the sector using the least squares method. The normal vector of the top surface is calculated using the following formulas. With the local generatrix direction vector of the i-th sector The included angle The maximum verticality deviation among all sector verticality deviations is taken as the verticality deviation for this scan. For further details, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 6 The calculation of the end face flatness deviation of the core sample under test based on 3D point cloud data includes: The point cloud data processing module extracts a subset of the top surface point cloud of the core sample 10 under test, and divides this subset radially into multiple sectors. The least squares method is used to fit a local plane to each sector. This step simulates the traditional inspection process of using a ruler to check the flatness of the end face in different directions. Next, the vertical distance from all points in each sector to the fitted local plane is calculated, and the maximum value is taken as the flatness deviation of that sector. Finally, the maximum flatness deviation of all sectors is taken as the flatness deviation of the core sample 10 under test. This method not only considers the flatness of the entire end face, but also, through sector-based processing, can identify pits or protrusions that may only appear in local areas, thus providing a more comprehensive and conservative assessment of flatness.

[0040] Specifically, the algorithm principle for calculating end face flatness deviation is as follows: Step 1: Point cloud extraction from the cylindrical end face Based on the distribution characteristics of the point cloud Z-coordinate (height direction), a subset of the point cloud on the top surface of the core sample is extracted. P top .

[0041] Step 2: Measure the flatness along the cross-section lines in multiple directions. Simulating the process of manually measuring gaps by placing a steel ruler or square close to the end face in different directions and using a feeler gauge, this algorithm divides the end face point cloud radially into 12 sectors, denoted as... For each sector, the local plane is fitted using the least squares method. Construct the covariance matrix, solve for the eigenvalues, and the eigenvector corresponding to the smallest eigenvalue is the plane normal vector.

[0042] Step 3: Calculate the distance from the point to the plane right each point Calculate the distance to the fitted plane using the following formula: in, It represents the vertical distance from the j-th point within the i-th sector to the local fitting plane of that sector.

[0043] Step 4: Flatness Calculation Calculate the perpendicular distance from all points within the sector to the local fitting plane, and take the maximum distance as the flatness deviation of the sector. .

[0044] The maximum flatness deviation among all sectors is taken as the flatness deviation for this scan. In one specific implementation, the preset acceptance requirements include at least the following: a height-to-diameter ratio within the range of 0.95 to 1.05; an end-face flatness deviation not exceeding 0.08 mm within a 100 mm length; a perpendicularity deviation not exceeding 1°; and a maximum deviation between the measured diameter value and the representative diameter value not exceeding 1.5 mm. These values ​​are all derived from current national or industry technical specifications. By embedding these standardized thresholds into the judgment algorithm, the method and apparatus of this invention can output a "qualified" or "unqualified" conclusion that conforms to industry standards and can be directly adopted.

[0045] Furthermore, to further ensure the accuracy and repeatability of each measurement, an initialization operation is included before rotating the horizontal support 12 carrying the core sample 10 around its central axis. This initialization operation involves zeroing the data from the 3D scanning unit 22, height measurement unit 21, and diameter measurement unit, and driving the lifting mechanism 31 and rotation mechanism 33 to bring the horizontal support 12 to its initial position. This aims to eliminate or reduce accumulated system errors, ensuring that each inspection begins on a uniform and clean reference, which is crucial for ensuring consistency in batch inspections.

[0046] See Figures 1 to 3 This invention also provides a device for detecting dimensional deviations in concrete core samples, which serves as the physical embodiment of the aforementioned method. The device includes a stable mounting platform 11, on which horizontal supports 13 and vertical supports 14 are mounted. Both horizontal supports 13 and vertical supports 14 are made of high-precision aluminum square parts. The core component of the device includes a horizontal support platform 12 for supporting the core sample 10 to be tested. Both the mounting platform 11 and the horizontal support platform 12 are constructed with a 000-grade high-precision marble tabletop. This high-precision tabletop provides a precise reference plane for all measurement activities, ensuring measurement accuracy from the outset. To ensure a stable measurement environment and reduce external vibration interference, the device is externally equipped with a cabinet 15 and a horizontal base plate 16 made of high-precision thickened steel plate. Specifically, silicone gaskets are placed between the top surface of the cabinet and the four corners of the mounting platform 11 for vibration isolation, effectively absorbing and isolating minor vibrations from the surrounding environment. In addition, the bottom of the device is equipped with multiple adjustable height support legs 17. When the installation site is uneven, these support legs can be adjusted to restore the installation platform 11 to an ideal level, thus creating a prerequisite for high-precision measurement.

[0047] To achieve automated control of the core sample, the device is equipped with a rotating mechanism 33 and a lifting mechanism 31. The rotating mechanism 33 is located below the mounting platform 11 and connected to the horizontal support 12. Its function is to drive the horizontal support 12 and the core sample 10 to be tested above it to rotate precisely around its central axis. The lifting mechanism 31 is also located below the mounting platform 11 and is connected to the rotating mechanism 33 via a transmission link, used to drive the rotating mechanism 33 and the horizontal support 12 to move vertically as a whole. Specifically, the lifting mechanism 31 is typically composed of a stepper motor and a high-precision linear module, vertically mounted below the mounting platform 11 via a first connecting member 32. The rotating mechanism 33 is connected to the output end of the lifting mechanism 31 via a second connecting member 34, while the horizontal support 12, used to hold the core sample 10, is fixed to the top of the rotating mechanism 33. This structure allows the lifting mechanism 31 to drive the rotating mechanism 33 and the horizontal support 12 to move precisely vertically as a whole, while the rotating mechanism 33 can drive the horizontal support 12 to rotate precisely around its central axis. The coordinated operation of these two mechanisms enables the core sample 10 to move precisely along a preset trajectory in three-dimensional space, which is key to achieving automatic measurement across multiple sections and angles. For example, the lifting mechanism 31 can precisely move the core sample 10 to multiple preset measurement sections, such as its upper, middle, and lower parts. At each section, the rotating mechanism 33 can drive the core sample 10 to rotate precisely 90 degrees to meet the specification requirements for diameter measurement in two mutually perpendicular directions. Furthermore, the rotating mechanism 33 can also drive the core sample 10 to rotate continuously 360 degrees to cooperate with the three-dimensional scanning unit 22 to complete omnidirectional data acquisition of the entire surface of the core sample 10. This precise electromechanical control replaces manual operation, greatly improving the accuracy and repeatability of the measurement position.

[0048] Furthermore, the device of the present invention integrates multiple high-precision measurement units. An identification unit 41, such as a barcode scanner, is mounted on the mounting platform 11 and is used to read the unique identification mark (such as a QR code or barcode) affixed to the surface of the core sample 10 during the rotation of the horizontal support 12. A diameter measurement unit (laser emitter 23 and laser receiver 24), mounted on the mounting platform 11, is used to non-contactly collect the diameter data of the core sample 10 when it is positioned at a specified height and angle. A height measurement unit 21, preferably mounted on the horizontal support 13, with its measuring end vertically downward and parallel to the axis of the horizontal support 12, is used to collect the height data of the core sample 10. A three-dimensional scanning unit 22, typically a line laser three-dimensional scanner, is fixed on the vertical support 14. When the rotating mechanism 33 rotates the core sample 10, the three-dimensional scanning unit 22 continuously scans its surface, thereby acquiring complete three-dimensional point cloud data including the sides, top, and bottom surfaces of the core sample 10. These high-density point cloud data provide a solid data foundation for the subsequent accurate calculation of verticality deviation and end-face flatness deviation. Compared with traditional single-point or few-point measurements, they can more comprehensively reflect the true geometry of the core sample under test.

[0049] See Figure 4 The device also includes a central controller 42 and a data processing unit 43. The central controller 42 communicates with the lifting mechanism 31, the rotating mechanism 33, and all the aforementioned measurement units (identification unit 41, diameter measurement unit, height measurement unit 21, and 3D scanning unit 22). It is responsible for precisely controlling the movement of each mechanism (such as rotation angle and lifting displacement) according to a preset program, and triggering each measurement unit to collect data at appropriate times, thus achieving automated scheduling of the entire inspection process. The data processing unit 43, typically an industrial computer or a high-performance embedded system, communicates with the central controller 42. This unit integrates a dedicated algorithm (such as a point cloud data processing module) for inspecting the core sample 10 under test. It can process 3D point cloud data to calculate verticality deviation and end-face flatness deviation, and automatically calculate key indicators such as average diameter and height-to-diameter ratio based on the collected diameter and height data. More importantly, the data processing unit 43 has built-in judgment logic that conforms to industry standards, which can automatically determine whether the core sample 10 under test is qualified based on the calculation results, thereby avoiding errors that may occur when manually comparing standards. Specifically, it receives raw 3D point cloud data from the 3D scanning unit 22 and runs a built-in algorithm to calculate the perpendicularity deviation and end-face flatness deviation of the core sample 10 under test. Simultaneously, it also receives diameter and height data from the diameter measurement unit and height measurement unit 21. Finally, the data processing unit 43, based on preset qualification requirements, comprehensively utilizes all these calculated and acquired geometric parameters to automatically determine whether the core sample 10 under test is qualified and outputs the final result.

[0050] In a preferred embodiment, to achieve high-precision non-contact measurement, the diameter measuring unit can be specifically implemented as a through-beam laser diameter gauge. This gauge consists of a laser emitter 23 and a laser receiver 24, respectively arranged on both sides of the axis of the core sample 10 to be measured, and located in the same horizontal plane. During operation, the laser beam emitted by the laser emitter 23 is blocked by the core sample 10, and the laser receiver 24 accurately calculates the diameter of the core sample 10 by measuring the width of the blockage. Simultaneously, the height measuring unit 21 can be specifically implemented as a laser displacement sensor mounted on a horizontal support 13. It emits a laser beam towards the top surface of the core sample 10 and calculates the distance by receiving the reflected light, thereby obtaining the height of the core sample 10 with a measurement accuracy of not less than ±0.01 mm. Using laser technology for measurement has advantages such as high accuracy, fast response speed, and no wear, making it an ideal choice for achieving automated high-precision detection.

[0051] To enhance the device's practicality and human-computer interaction experience, in another preferred embodiment, a display terminal 44 can be added. This display terminal 44, such as a touchscreen or monitor, is communicatively connected to the main controller 42 and can be used to display various data during the measurement process in real time (such as real-time diameter and height), the 3D point cloud model, and the final judgment conclusion and detailed report. Operators can use this terminal to initiate detection and view results, making the entire operation process more intuitive and convenient. Furthermore, an environmental compensation module can be added, including temperature and humidity sensors, also communicatively connected to the main controller. It can monitor changes in temperature and humidity in the working environment in real time and correct data susceptible to environmental influences, such as laser measurements, in real time based on a preset physical model (such as the coefficient of thermal expansion and contraction), thereby eliminating measurement errors caused by environmental changes. When environmental conditions exceed the normal operating range of the equipment, this module can also issue an alarm, ensuring the stability and reliability of the measurement results under different operating conditions.

[0052] The following will be referred to Figure 5 The detection method of the present invention will be described in detail through specific embodiments.

[0053] Example 1: Standard specimen qualification test based on "Technical Specification for Testing Concrete Strength by Core Drilling Method (JGJ / T 384-2016)" A set of concrete core samples (numbered C30-X-01) drilled at a construction site were selected, and the dimensional deviations were measured automatically using the device and method of this invention.

[0054] Before testing, the main controller 42 zeros the data of the height measurement unit 21, the three-dimensional scanning unit 22, and the diameter measurement unit, and zeros the angle and displacement of the lifting mechanism 31 and the rotating mechanism 33, so that the horizontal platform 12 is in its initial position. Then, the operator places the core sample 10 to be tested on the horizontal platform 12, so that the geometric center of the core sample 10 is roughly aligned with the rotation axis of the rotating mechanism 33.

[0055] Press the start test button, and the rotating mechanism 33 rotates the horizontal support 12 and the core sample 10 to be tested 360°. During this process, the test piece code "C30-X-01" is scanned by the barcode scanner, and the test data record table of the corresponding core sample is retrieved. The main controller 42 automatically binds the code to the subsequent measurement data.

[0056] During the rotation of the core sample 10, the three-dimensional scanning unit 22 performs a 3D scan of the core sample 10 as a whole. The point cloud data processing module fits and calculates the 3D point cloud data, and finds that the maximum deviation of the end face flatness within a length of 100mm is 0.04mm, which does not exceed 0.08mm. The perpendicularity of the end face of the core sample 10 to the axis is 0.3°, which does not exceed 1°. Therefore, the appearance of the core sample 10 is deemed to be qualified.

[0057] During the rotation of the core sample 10, the height measurement unit 21 measured the sample height 5 times, which were 73.22mm, 73.28mm, 73.26mm, 73.34mm, and 73.24mm. The data processing unit 43 calculated the specimen height to be 73.27mm. According to the specification, the integer part is taken, and the specimen height H is 73mm.

[0058] Subsequently, six-point diameter measurement is performed. The lifting mechanism 31 drives the rotating mechanism 33 and the horizontal bearing platform 12 to descend, positioning the upper cross-section of the core sample 10 to be measured (20mm from the top end, i.e., at height ①) in the measurement area of the laser diameter gauge, and the first set of diameter values d1 is measured to be 73.03mm; the lifting mechanism 31 continues to drive the core sample 10 to be measured to descend to the middle cross-section of the core sample (i.e., at height ②), and the second set of diameter values d2 is measured to be 72.81mm; the lifting mechanism 31 continues to descend to the lower cross-section (20mm from the bottom end, i.e., at height ③), and the third set of diameter values d3 is measured to be 72.96mm; the rotating mechanism 33 drives the core sample 10 to be measured to rotate precisely 90° around the axis, and the fourth set of diameter values d4 is measured to be 73.34mm; the lifting mechanism 31 drives the horizontal bearing platform 12 to ascend to the middle cross-section (i.e., at height ②) and the upper cross-section (20mm from the top end, i.e., at height ①) of the core sample 10 to be measured, and the diameters d5 of 72.98mm and d6 of 73.24mm are measured respectively. The data processing unit 43 performs arithmetic averaging on the six-point diameter measurement values (73.03, 72.81, 72.96, 73.34, 72.98, 73.24mm) to obtain an average diameter D=73.06mm, which is rounded to 0.5mm, i.e., 73.0mm.

[0059] Subsequently, the height-to-diameter ratio judgment is performed: the height of the core sample to be measured is 73.27mm, the average diameter is 73.0mm, the height-to-diameter ratio H / D=73 / 73.0=1, which is within the range of 0.95 to 1.05, and it is judged to be qualified.

[0060] The diameter deviation judgment is performed: the maximum difference between the six diameter measurement values along the height direction of the core sample to be measured and the average diameter of 73.0mm is |73.34-73.0|=0.34mm, which does not exceed 1.5mm, and it is judged to be qualified.

[0061] The data processing unit synthesizes the above judgment results to automatically generate a test report, and the display terminal shows "C30-X-01: Diameter 73.0mm, Height 73mm, Height-to-diameter ratio qualified, Perpendicularity qualified, End face flatness qualified", and the entire measurement process takes about 10 seconds.

[0062] Embodiment 2: Qualification test of standard specimens based on "DJ / T 15-60-2019 Code for Testing of Building Foundation and Foundation" A concrete core sample specimen (No. ZH-3-2-05) drilled from a pile foundation project is selected, and the device and method of the present invention are used for full-automatic measurement of dimensional deviation.

[0063] Before testing, the main controller 42 zeros the data of the height measurement unit 21, the three-dimensional scanning unit 22, and the diameter measurement unit, and zeros the angle and displacement of the lifting mechanism 31 and the rotating mechanism 33, so that the horizontal platform 12 is in its initial position. Then the operator places the core sample 10 to be tested on the horizontal platform 12, so that the geometric center of the core sample 10 is roughly aligned with the rotation axis of the rotating mechanism 33.

[0064] Press the start test button, and the rotating mechanism 33 rotates the horizontal support 12 and the core sample 10 to be tested 360°. During this process, the test piece code "ZH-3-2-05" is scanned by the barcode scanner, and the test data record table of the corresponding core sample is retrieved. The main controller automatically binds the code to the subsequent measurement data.

[0065] During the rotation of the core sample 10, the three-dimensional scanning unit 22 performs a three-dimensional scan of the core sample 10. The point cloud data processing module fits and calculates the three-dimensional point cloud data, and finds that the maximum deviation of the end face flatness within a length of 100mm is 0.06mm, which does not exceed 0.08mm. The perpendicularity of the end face of the specimen to the axis is 0.5°, which does not exceed 1°. The specimen is judged to be qualified in appearance.

[0066] During the rotation of the core sample 10, the height measurement unit 21 measured the sample height 5 times, which were 83.56mm, 83.62mm, 83.48mm, 83.70mm and 83.54mm. The data processing unit calculated the height H of the core sample to be tested to be 83.58mm. According to the specification, the height of the core sample to be tested is rounded to the nearest integer, which is 84mm.

[0067] The diameter at the six points was then measured. The lifting mechanism 31 drives the rotating mechanism 33 and the horizontal support platform 12 to descend, positioning the upper section of the core sample 10 to be measured (20mm from the top, i.e., height ①) in the measurement area of ​​the laser diameter gauge, and the first set of diameter values ​​d1 is measured to be 83.24mm; the lifting mechanism 31 continues to drive the core sample 10 to be measured to the middle section of the core sample (i.e., height ②), and the second set of diameter values ​​d2 is measured to be 83.06mm; the lifting mechanism 31 continues to descend to the lower section (20mm from the bottom, i.e., height ③), and the third set of diameter values ​​d3 is measured to be 83.48mm; the rotating mechanism 33 drives the core sample 10 to be measured to rotate precisely 90° around the axis, and the fourth set of diameter values ​​d4 is measured to be 83.38mm; the lifting mechanism 31 drives the horizontal support platform 12 to rise, passing through the middle section (i.e., height ②) and the upper section (20mm from the top, i.e., height ①) of the core sample in sequence, and the diameters d5 and d6 are measured to be 83.16mm and 83.42mm respectively.

[0068] The data processing unit calculates the average diameter of the sample's upper cross-section as (83.24 + 83.42) / 2 = 83.33 mm, the average diameter of the middle cross-section as (83.06 + 83.16) / 2 = 83.11 mm, and the average diameter of the lower cross-section as (83.48 + 83.38) / 2 = 83.43 mm. Comparing the average diameters of the three cross-sections, the minimum output diameter is 83.11 mm, which is rounded to 0.5 mm, resulting in a diameter D of 83.0 mm.

[0069] The height-to-diameter ratio was then determined: the height H of the core sample was 83.58 mm (rounded to 84 mm), the minimum average diameter D was 83.11 mm (rounded to 0.5 mm, which is 83.0 mm), and the height-to-diameter ratio H / D = 84 / 83.0 = 1.012, which is within the range of 0.95 to 1.05, and is therefore deemed acceptable.

[0070] Diameter deviation was determined: the differences between the average diameter of each section and the minimum diameter of 83.11 mm were 0.22 mm and 0.32 mm, respectively, neither of which exceeded 1.5 mm; the maximum difference between a single measured value and the minimum diameter was 83.48-83.11=0.37 mm, which also did not exceed 1.5 mm, and was therefore deemed acceptable.

[0071] The data processing unit 43 integrates the above judgment results and automatically generates a test report. The display terminal 44 displays "ZH-3-2-05: Diameter 83.0mm, height 84mm, height-to-diameter ratio qualified, verticality qualified, flatness qualified". The entire measurement process takes about 10 seconds.

[0072] Example 3: Testing of non-compliant specimens with excessive diameter deviation, using the "Technical Specification for Core Drilling Method for Testing Concrete Strength" (JGJ / T 384-2016). A concrete core sample specimen (number C40-B-08) drilled from a certain project was selected. Due to the drill bit deflection during the drilling process, the diameter of the central section of the specimen was smaller than expected. The device and method of this invention were used to automatically measure the dimensional deviation.

[0073] Before testing, the main controller 42 zeros the data of the height measurement unit 21, the three-dimensional scanning unit 22, and the diameter measurement unit, and zeros the angle and displacement of the lifting mechanism 31 and the rotating mechanism 33, so that the horizontal platform 12 is in its initial position. Then, the operator places the core sample 10 to be tested on the horizontal platform 12, so that the geometric center of the core sample 10 is roughly aligned with the rotation axis of the rotating mechanism 33.

[0074] Press the start test button, and the rotating mechanism 33 rotates the horizontal support 12 and the core sample 10 to be tested 360°. During this process, the test piece code "C40-B-08" is scanned by the barcode scanner, and the main controller 42 automatically binds the code to the subsequent measurement data.

[0075] During the rotation of the core sample 10, the three-dimensional scanning unit 22 performs a three-dimensional scan of the core sample 10. The point cloud data processing module fits and calculates the three-dimensional point cloud data, and finds that the maximum deviation of the end face flatness within a length of 100mm is 0.05mm, which does not exceed 0.08mm. The perpendicularity of the end face of the core sample 10 to the axis is 0.6°, which does not exceed 1°, and the sample is judged to be qualified in appearance.

[0076] During the rotation of the core sample 10, the height measurement unit 21 measured the sample height 5 times, which were 75.48mm, 75.62mm, 75.56mm, 75.70mm and 75.54mm. The data processing unit 43 calculated the specimen height to be 75.58mm. According to the specification, the integer part is rounded up to 76mm.

[0077] Subsequently, a six-point diameter measurement was performed. The lifting mechanism 31 drove the rotating mechanism 33 and the horizontal support platform 12 to descend, positioning the upper section of the core sample 10 to be measured in the measurement area of ​​the laser diameter gauge, and the first set of diameter values ​​was measured as 74.52 mm. The lifting mechanism 31 continued to drive the core sample 10 to descend to the middle section of the core sample, and the second set of diameter values ​​was measured as 72.18 mm. The lifting mechanism 31 continued to descend to the lower section, and the third set of diameter values ​​was measured as 74.36 mm. The rotating mechanism 33 drove the core sample 10 to rotate precisely 90° around the axis, and the fourth set of diameter values ​​was measured as 74.68 mm. The lifting mechanism 31 drove the horizontal support platform 12 to rise, passing through the middle section and the upper section of the core sample in sequence, and the diameters were measured as 72.32 mm and 74.44 mm, respectively.

[0078] The data processing unit 43 performs an arithmetic mean on the diameter measurements at six points (74.52, 72.18, 74.36, 74.68, 72.32, 74.44 mm) according to JGJ / T 384-2016, and obtains an average diameter d=73.75 mm, which is rounded to 0.5 mm, i.e., 74.0 mm.

[0079] Diameter deviation judgment: The difference between the measured value of the middle section, 72.18 mm and the average diameter, 73.75 mm, is |72.18-73.75|=1.57 mm, which exceeds the limit requirement of 1.5 mm.

[0080] The data processing unit 43 automatically determined that the specimen's "diameter deviation was unqualified," and the display terminal showed a red warning: "C40-B-08: Diameter 74.0mm, height 76mm, height-to-diameter ratio qualified, diameter deviation unqualified (1.57mm>1.5mm), perpendicularity qualified, flatness qualified." The main controller issued an audible and visual alarm. The operator removed the specimen, which did not meet the specimen size inspection requirements for the compressive strength test.

[0081] Example 4: Inspection of Non-compliant Specimens with Excessive Verticality A concrete core sample specimen (numbered C35-C-03) drilled from a certain project was selected. Due to the non-perpendicular cutting end face of the specimen, the angle between the end face and the axis was large. The device of this invention was used to automatically measure the dimensional deviation.

[0082] Before testing, the main controller 42 zeros the data of the height measurement unit 21, the three-dimensional scanning unit 22, and the diameter measurement unit, and zeros the angle and displacement of the lifting mechanism 31 and the rotating mechanism 33, so that the horizontal platform 12 is in its initial position. Then the operator places the core sample 10 to be tested on the horizontal platform 12, so that the geometric center of the core sample 10 is roughly aligned with the rotation axis of the rotating mechanism 33.

[0083] Press the start test button, and the rotating mechanism 33 rotates the horizontal support 12 and the core sample 10 to be tested 360°. During this process, the test piece code "C35-C-03" is scanned by the barcode scanner, and the main controller 42 automatically binds the code to the subsequent measurement data.

[0084] During the rotation of the core sample 10, the three-dimensional scanning unit 22 performs a 3D scan of the core sample 10 as a whole. The point cloud data processing module fits and calculates the 3D point cloud data, and finds that the maximum deviation of the end face flatness within a length of 100mm is 0.08mm, which does not exceed 0.08mm. The perpendicularity of the upper end face of the core sample 10 to the axis is found to be 0.5°, and the perpendicularity of the lower end face to the axis is found to be 1.4°. The maximum value of 1.4° is taken as the perpendicularity of the core sample 10. If it exceeds the limit of 1°, the sample is judged to be unqualified in appearance.

[0085] Based on the above judgment results, the data processing unit 43 automatically determines that the specimen is unqualified because the perpendicularity of 1.4° exceeds the limit. The data processing unit 43 sends a signal to the main controller to interrupt the testing process. At the same time, the terminal displays a red warning message "C35-C-03: Perpendicularity check unqualified (1.4°>1°)", and the main controller issues an audible and visual alarm. The operator can remove the specimen and either re-cut and grind the end face of the specimen for retesting, or discard the specimen directly.

[0086] Example 5: Comparative Verification Experiment of Measurement Using the Apparatus and Method of This Application and Manual Measurement To verify the statistical accuracy of the measurement results of this method, a qualified core sample was selected. After the automatic measurement was completed by the device, two certified testing personnel used calibrated standard instruments to independently perform multiple rounds of manual repeated measurements on the four parameters of height, diameter, perpendicularity, and flatness, in accordance with the requirements of the "JGJ / T 384-2016" standard. The results were then statistically compared with the automatic measurement results of the device.

[0087] (1) Comparative verification of height measurement: The height measured by the device in 5 automatic measurements were 73.22mm, 73.28mm, 73.26mm, 73.34mm, and 73.24mm respectively. The data processing unit 43 calculated the arithmetic mean. mm; the inspectors used calipered vernier calipers (accuracy 0.02 mm) to independently and repeatedly measure the same core sample 10 times: 73.42 mm, 73.38 mm, 73.28 mm, 73.36 mm, 73.20 mm, 73.24 mm, 73.18 mm, 73.36 mm, 73.26 mm, 73.28 mm. The mean value of the above 10 manual measurements is... Sample standard deviation .according to The distribution is obtained from the table. Calculate the critical deviation at the 95% confidence level: Machine measurement average mm and before artificial Cumulative mean Compare and determine the absolute deviation. The critical deviation from the 95% confidence level The comparison and judgment results are as follows: The above comparison shows that the cumulative mean of the first 5 manual measurements deviated from the mean of the machine measurement by more than 95% confidence level (±0.058 mm). From the 6th measurement onwards, the cumulative mean entered the 95% confidence interval and gradually converged with the number of measurements, with the deviation stabilizing at around 0.03 mm. Therefore, it is determined that the statistical accuracy of the automatic height measurement results of this device is not significantly different from that of manual measurements with more than 6 repeated measurements at a 95% confidence level. However, current standards only require a single manual measurement, and the measurement accuracy of this device is significantly better than the single manual measurement required by the standards.

[0088] (2) Comparative verification of diameter measurement: The diameter measured automatically by this device in 6 measurements was 72.89 mm, 73.03 mm, 73.12 mm, 72.95 mm, 73.21 mm, and 72.89 mm respectively. The data processing unit calculated the arithmetic mean. mm; the inspectors used calipered vernier calipers (accuracy 0.02 mm) to independently and repeatedly measure the diameter of the same core sample 12 times: 73.18 mm, 73.26 mm, 73.14 mm, 72.94 mm, 73.08 mm, 72.90 mm, 72.84 mm, 72.98 mm, 72.86 mm, 72.92 mm, 73.02 mm, 72.86 mm. The mean value of the above 12 manual measurements is... Sample standard deviation .according to The distribution is obtained from the table. Calculate the critical deviation at the 95% confidence level: Machine measurement average mm and before artificial Cumulative mean Compare and determine the absolute deviation. The critical deviation from the 95% confidence level The comparison and judgment results are as follows: The above comparison shows that the cumulative mean of the first five manual measurements deviated from the mean of the machine measurement by more than 95% confidence level (±0.088 mm). From the sixth measurement onwards, the cumulative mean entered the 95% confidence interval and gradually converged with the number of measurements, with the deviation stabilizing within 0.07 mm. Therefore, it is determined that the results of the automatic diameter measurement by this device are not significantly different from the statistical accuracy of manual measurements with more than six repeated measurements at a 95% confidence level. Manual measurement is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and carries the risk of errors and omissions. This device, according to the specifications, only takes 5 seconds to measure the diameter six times, and the accuracy meets the requirements, demonstrating significantly better efficiency than the manual measurement required by the specifications.

[0089] (3) Verification of perpendicularity and flatness: During the rotation of the core sample, the three-dimensional scanning unit performs a three-dimensional scan of the core sample (approximately 5000 sampling points). The point cloud data processing module calculates that the maximum perpendicularity of the end face of the specimen to the axis is 0.64°, and the maximum deviation of the end face flatness is 0.072mm.

[0090] To verify the accuracy of the perpendicularity measurement, certified testing personnel used a calibrated vernier protractor (accuracy 0.1°) to independently and repeatedly measure the angle between the two end faces of the same core sample and the generatrix 10 times. The maximum perpendicularity values ​​were 90.2°, 89.7°, 89.7°, 89.6°, 90.3°, 90.6°, 89.8°, 90.5°, 90.3°, and 90.4°, respectively. The perpendicularity deviations were calculated to be 0.2°, 0.3°, 0.3°, 0.4°, 0.3°, 0.6°, 0.2°, 0.5°, 0.3°, and 0.4°. Certified testing personnel used calibrated steel rulers and feeler gauges (accuracy 0.01mm) to independently and repeatedly measure the end face of the same core sample 10 times. The flatness measured were as follows: 0.02mm, 0.04mm, 0.04mm, 0.02mm, 0.06mm, 0.02mm, 0.06mm, 0.06mm, 0.04mm, 0.02mm.

[0091] According to the specifications, both perpendicularity deviation and flatness are taken as the maximum value. Specifically, the final perpendicularity deviation of the core sample measured manually is 0.6°, and the final flatness deviation is 0.06mm. The maximum perpendicularity deviation measured and calculated by this device is 0.64°, and the maximum flatness deviation is 0.072mm, which are not significantly different. However, for manual measurement, the maximum perpendicularity deviation was not measured in the first five measurements; the maximum value was measured in the sixth measurement. Similarly, the maximum flatness deviation was not observed in the first four measurements; the maximum value of 0.06mm was measured in the fifth measurement. This indicates that manually measuring the flatness and perpendicularity of the core sample using tools such as angle gauges, rulers, and feeler gauges involves significant uncertainty. Insufficient repeated measurements on the same specimen make it difficult to measure the maximum dimensional deviation, easily leading to misjudgments. This device uses 3D scanning and post-processes the point cloud of the sample. The perpendicularity and flatness algorithms themselves involve multiple measurements of the entire sample, resulting in significantly higher efficiency and accuracy than the manual measurements required by the specifications.

[0092] The present invention has been further described above with reference to specific embodiments. However, it should be understood that the specific description herein should not be construed as limiting the nature and scope of the present invention. Various modifications made to the above embodiments by those skilled in the art after reading this specification are all within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for detecting dimensional deviations in concrete core specimens, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The horizontal support platform carrying the core sample to be tested rotates around its central axis. During the rotation of the horizontal support platform, a unique identifier of the core sample to be tested is obtained, and the identifier is bound to subsequent measurement data. During the rotation of the horizontal support platform, the following parallel operations are performed: the surface of the core sample to be tested is scanned by a three-dimensional scanning unit to obtain three-dimensional point cloud data, and the end face flatness deviation and verticality deviation of the core sample to be tested are calculated based on the three-dimensional point cloud data. Height data is collected from multiple rotational orientations using a height measurement unit, and a representative height value of the core sample under test is calculated based on the collected height data. The horizontal support platform is driven to move vertically, so that the core sample to be tested is sequentially positioned at multiple preset measurement sections distributed along the height direction. At least some of the preset measurement sections, the horizontal support platform is driven to rotate around the axis to different measurement angles. Multiple measured diameter values ​​distributed at different height positions and different rotation angles are obtained through the diameter measurement unit, and a representative diameter value is calculated based on all the measured diameter values. The height-to-diameter ratio is calculated based on the representative height and diameter values ​​of the core sample to be tested, and the diameter deviation is calculated based on the maximum difference between each measured diameter value and the representative diameter value. Each of the following criteria is determined: whether the end face flatness deviation, the perpendicularity deviation, the height-to-diameter ratio determination result, and the diameter deviation determination result all meet their respective preset qualification requirements. If all conditions are met, the dimensional deviation of the core sample to be tested is deemed acceptable. If any one of the conditions is not met, the dimensional deviation of the core sample to be tested is deemed unqualified.

2. The method for detecting dimensional deviations in concrete core specimens according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of the measured diameter values ​​is six, and the six measured diameter values ​​are respectively obtained from the upper section, middle section and lower section of the core sample to be tested; wherein, the measurement directions of two diameters obtained from the same section are perpendicular to each other.

3. The method for detecting dimensional deviations in concrete core specimens according to claim 2, characterized in that, The upper section is located 15mm-25mm from the upper end face of the core sample to be tested, the lower section is located 15mm-25mm from the lower end face of the core sample to be tested, and the middle section is located at the midpoint between the upper and lower end faces of the core sample to be tested.

4. The method for detecting dimensional deviations in concrete core specimens according to claim 1, characterized in that, The calculation of the perpendicularity deviation of the core sample under test based on the three-dimensional point cloud data includes: The point cloud data is preprocessed by the point cloud data processing module to extract the point cloud subset of the cylindrical side of the core sample to be tested, and the cylinder equation is fitted by the least squares method to obtain the axis direction vector of the cylinder of the core sample to be tested. Extract the point cloud subsets of the top surface and bottom surface of the core sample to be tested, and perform plane fitting to obtain the top surface normal vector and bottom surface normal vector respectively; The point cloud subset on the side of the cylinder is divided into multiple sectors along the circumference. A local generatrix direction vector is fitted to each sector. The angles between the top surface normal vector, the bottom surface normal vector and the local generatrix direction vector of each sector are calculated. The maximum value of the angles among all sectors is taken as the perpendicularity deviation of the core sample to be tested.

5. The method for detecting dimensional deviations in concrete core specimens according to claim 4, characterized in that, Extracting the cylindrical side point cloud subset of the core sample to be tested involves using the RANSAC algorithm or a region growing method based on normal vector consistency to segment the cylindrical side point cloud subset from the complete point cloud.

6. The method for detecting dimensional deviations in concrete core specimens according to claim 1, characterized in that, The calculation of the end face flatness deviation of the core sample under test based on the three-dimensional point cloud data includes: The point cloud data processing module extracts a subset of the top surface point cloud of the core sample to be tested, and divides the subset of the top surface point cloud into multiple sectors along the radial direction. The least squares method is used to fit a local plane to each sector. Calculate the vertical distance from all points in each sector to the fitted local plane, take the maximum value as the flatness deviation of that sector, and take the maximum value of the flatness deviation of all sectors as the flatness deviation of the core sample to be tested.

7. The method for detecting dimensional deviations in concrete core specimens according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preset qualification requirements include at least the following: the height-to-diameter ratio is within the range of 0.95 to 1.05; the end face flatness deviation is no more than 0.08 mm within a length of 100 mm; the perpendicularity deviation is no more than 1°; and the maximum deviation between the measured diameter value and the representative diameter value is no more than 1.5 mm.

8. The method for detecting dimensional deviations in concrete core specimens according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before driving the horizontal support platform carrying the core sample to be tested to rotate around its central axis, the process also includes: an initialization operation, which includes clearing the data of the three-dimensional scanning unit, the height measurement unit, and the diameter measurement unit, and setting the horizontal support platform to its initial position.

9. A device for detecting dimensional deviations in concrete core specimens, characterized in that, include: The installation platform is equipped with horizontal and vertical supports. A horizontal support platform, set on the mounting platform, is used to support the core sample to be tested; A rotating mechanism is located below the mounting platform and connected to the horizontal support platform, used to drive the horizontal support platform to rotate around its central axis; A lifting mechanism is located below the installation platform and is connected to the rotating mechanism for driving the rotating mechanism and the horizontal support platform to move vertically. An identification unit, disposed on the mounting platform, is used to read the unique identification mark on the surface of the core sample to be tested during the rotation of the horizontal support platform; A diameter measuring unit, located on the mounting platform, is used to collect the diameter data of the core sample to be tested; A height measuring unit is mounted on the horizontal support, with its measuring end pointing vertically downwards and parallel to the axis of the horizontal support platform, for collecting the height data of the core sample to be measured. A three-dimensional scanning unit, mounted on the vertical support, is used to collect three-dimensional point cloud data of the core sample to be tested; The main controller is communicatively connected to the lifting mechanism, the rotating mechanism, the diameter measuring unit, the height measuring unit, the three-dimensional scanning unit, and the identity recognition unit, and is used to control their movement and trigger data acquisition. as well as The data processing unit is communicatively connected to the main controller and is configured to: process three-dimensional point cloud data to calculate the verticality deviation and end face flatness deviation of the core sample to be tested; and automatically determine whether the core sample to be tested is qualified based on preset qualification requirements, using diameter data, height data, verticality deviation and end face flatness deviation.

10. The concrete core sample specimen dimensional deviation detection device according to claim 9, characterized in that, The diameter measuring unit is a through-beam laser diameter gauge, which is arranged on both sides of the axis of the core sample to be measured and located in the same horizontal plane; the height measuring unit is a laser displacement sensor set on the horizontal support.

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