A device for measuring settlement and displacement of a fueling plug well

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of aviation fuel equipment maintenance, and discloses a refueling plug well settlement and displacement integrated measuring device and method, which comprises a reference element, a fixing assembly, a follower, and a detection module. The fixing assembly comprises a fixing element capable of moving radially relative to the reference element, and the reference element is detachably installed in a pipe well with a plug well to be measured through the fixing element. The follower is connected with the reference element through a connecting assembly. The connecting assembly is configured to adjust the spatial pose of the follower relative to the reference element, and to apply a pre-tightening force to the follower, so that the follower is tightly attached to the surface of the plug well to be measured. The detection module is arranged on the reference element and / or the follower, and is configured to obtain settlement data, inclination data and plane displacement data of the plug well to be measured based on the current spatial pose of the follower. In summary, the overall device has the advantages of simple structure, strong universality, low cost, high detection precision and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of aviation fuel equipment maintenance technology, specifically relating to an integrated measurement device for the settlement and displacement of refueling wells. Background Technology

[0002] In the operation and maintenance of infrastructure such as airport apron pipelines, refueling wells, as key nodes connecting the oil pipeline network to aircraft, have structural stability that directly affects fuel supply safety. Affected by repeated impacts from aircraft loads, foundation consolidation, and disturbances from surrounding construction, refueling wells are prone to uneven settlement, horizontal displacement, and tilting deformation. Industry data shows that the average annual settlement of refueling wells at some domestic airports can reach 20-40mm; when the uneven settlement difference exceeds 50mm, it can easily lead to cracking and sealing failure at the interface between the well and the oil pipeline, thus posing a safety risk of fuel leakage. Simultaneously, displacement and deformation can also cause difficulties or even prevent the refueling truck's refueling connector from connecting to the refueling well.

[0003] Existing deformation monitoring technologies are mostly designed for large-scale structures such as runways or large pipelines. When applied to small, densely packed internal equipment and space-constrained refueling wells, they exhibit significant limitations in adaptability. Firstly, traditional total stations or static levels require independent reference points outside the well, but stable external observation conditions are often difficult to obtain in apron control areas, and connecting pipelines are susceptible to high-temperature vibrations, leading to poor accuracy. Secondly, existing monitoring equipment is bulky, and its deployment in confined wells easily causes structural interference with internal valves, pipelines, and other facilities, making it difficult to achieve synchronous, high-precision acquisition of multi-dimensional parameters. Furthermore, manual periodic inspections are infrequent and produce scattered data, failing to capture dynamic deformation trends in real time and thus failing to meet the needs of high-precision monitoring and risk tracing.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a monitoring device that can achieve high-precision synchronous measurement of multidimensional deformation in a confined well space without the need for an external independent reference. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, in order to solve the problems mentioned in the background art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an integrated measurement device for settlement and displacement of refueling wells.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: In a first aspect, an integrated measurement device for settlement and displacement of a refueling well includes: a reference component; a fixing assembly including a fixing member capable of radially moving relative to the reference component, wherein the reference component is detachably installed in a well having a well to be measured via the fixing member; a follower component connected to the reference component via a connecting assembly; the connecting assembly is configured to adjust the spatial orientation of the follower component relative to the reference component and apply a preload force to the follower component so that the follower component is tightly fitted to the surface of the well to be measured; and a detection module disposed on the reference component and / or the follower component, configured to acquire settlement data, tilt data, and planar displacement data of the well to be measured based on the current spatial orientation of the follower component.

[0007] Preferably, multiple sets of the connecting components are evenly arranged around the test well, and each set of the connecting components includes a connecting rod and an elastic element; the connecting rod axially connects the reference element and the follower element; the elastic element is configured to axially expand and contract to apply an axial preload to the follower element.

[0008] Preferably, the connecting rod is a screw, one end of which is fixed to the follower and the other end passes through a positioning hole on the reference member; each set of connecting components further includes a limiting nut, which is threaded to the screw and configured to adjust the axial compression of the elastic member by screwing it in or out.

[0009] Preferably, the fixing member has a sliding groove, which is configured to allow the fixing member to slide relative to the reference member; the fixing assembly further includes a locking member, which passes through the sliding groove to lock the fixing member onto the reference member.

[0010] Preferably, the locking component includes a locking bolt and a locking nut; the locking bolt passes through the sliding groove and the mounting hole on the reference component and is threadedly locked to the locking nut.

[0011] Preferably, one end of the fastener is bent to form an abutment portion; when the fastener is installed inside the manhole, the abutment portion abuts against the inner wall of the manhole.

[0012] Preferably, the detection module includes a depth measurement unit; the reference component has multiple measurement holes, and the depth measurement unit is an electronic depth measuring ruler; the electronic depth measuring ruler is placed in one of the measurement holes, and its probe abuts against the surface of the follower component.

[0013] Preferably, the detection module includes multiple angle measuring units arranged around the manhole to be tested; the angle measuring unit is an electronic angle measuring ruler, which includes a reference part and a measuring part that can rotate relative to each other, the reference part is fixedly installed on the follower, and the measuring part rotates to abut against the reference part.

[0014] Preferably, the detection module includes a displacement measuring unit; the displacement measuring unit includes a transparent measuring template disposed in the central region of the follower, the transparent measuring template being provided with measuring scale lines; the measuring scale lines include a first direction scale line and a second direction scale line distributed in a cross orthogonal pattern, and the orthogonal center of the measuring scale lines is used to align with the central valve of the well to be tested.

[0015] Preferably, the reference component is also provided with a compass.

[0016] Secondly, a method based on the integrated settlement and displacement measurement device for refueling wells as described above includes: S100. Adjust the radial position of the fixing member relative to the reference member, and fix the reference member to the inner wall of the well through the fixing member, so that the reference member coaxially surrounds the well to be tested; S200. Adjust the spatial orientation of the follower relative to the reference member through the connecting component, and at the same time apply a preload to the follower to make the follower fit tightly against the surface of the test well. S300. Use the detection module to read the position and orientation data of the follower, and obtain the settlement data, tilt data and planar displacement data of the well to be tested based on the position and orientation data.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: (1) This invention provides an integrated measurement device and method for settlement and displacement of a refueling well. It sets up a double-ring nested structure of a reference component and a follower component. The reference component is anchored to the outside of the well as a static reference using a fixing component. At the same time, the follower component is adaptively coupled and closely attached to the surface of the well to be measured using a connecting component. This transforms the absolute deformation of the target into the relative pose change between the double-ring structures. Then, it is combined with the detection module to detect the settlement, tilt and planar displacement of the well to be measured in an integrated manner. (2) In this invention, the elastic pre-tightening structure with multiple points evenly distributed enables the follower to adapt to the surface undulations of the well at different depths. The follower always maintains a tight fit, effectively eliminating measurement errors caused by installation gaps or uneven surfaces, thereby improving the accuracy of the test results. (3) In this invention, the radial position of the fixing part is continuously adjustable by the cooperation of the sliding groove and the locking part, so that the whole device can be flexibly adapted to wells with different inner diameter specifications. In addition, the contact area between the fixing part and the inner wall of the well is increased by the abutment part formed by bending, which effectively prevents damage to the well wall caused by local stress concentration, and at the same time improves the stability of the device's fixed installation. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is one of the overall structural schematic diagrams of the present invention; Figure 2 This is the second schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 3 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of point A in the image; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the reference component in this invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the fixing component in this invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the connecting component in this invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the angle measuring unit in this invention.

[0019] In the diagram: Reference component-1; Positioning hole-101; Mounting hole-102; Measuring hole-103; Fixing component-2; Fixing component-201; Sliding groove-202; Locking component-203; Abutment part-204; Follower component-3; Connecting component-4; Connecting rod-401; Elastic component-402; Limiting nut-403; Depth measuring unit-5; Angle measuring unit-6; Reference part-601; Measuring part-602; Displacement measuring unit-7; Compass-8. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To further understand the content of this invention, a detailed description of the invention is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The structures, proportions, sizes, etc., depicted in the accompanying drawings are merely for illustrative purposes and to aid those skilled in the art, and are not intended to limit the implementation conditions of the invention. Therefore, they have no substantial technical significance. Any modifications to the structure, changes in proportions, or adjustments to size, without affecting the effects and objectives of the invention, should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed in this invention. Furthermore, terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and "middle" used in this specification are merely for clarity and not intended to limit the scope of implementation. Changes or adjustments to their relative relationships, without substantially altering the technical content, should also be considered within the scope of the invention. It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate for the embodiments of this application described herein.

[0021] like Figures 1-7 As shown, the present invention provides an integrated measurement device for settlement and displacement of refueling wells, comprising a reference component 1, a fixing component 2, a follower component 3, a connecting component 4, and a detection module. The reference component 1 serves as a local static reference carrier for the entire measurement device, and its structure is a ring frame to provide a stable measurement reference surface. The follower component 3 is also constructed as a ring structure and is concentrically nested with the reference component 1, with the follower component 3 located below the reference component 1. An axial clearance space allowing relative movement is maintained between the two via the connecting component 4.

[0022] In one specific embodiment, the fixing component 2 includes a fixing member 201 that is radially movable relative to the reference member 1. The reference member 1 is detachably installed in the well containing the test well via the fixing member 201. Specifically, the fixing members 201 are distributed circumferentially along the reference member 1, and each fixing member 201 has a degree of freedom for position adjustment along the radial extension direction of the reference member 1. During installation, the operator can adjust the radial extension length of each fixing member 201 according to the actual inner diameter of the well to ensure that its end is firmly abutted against the inner wall of the well, thereby anchoring the reference member 1 in the static structure above the well.

[0023] In this embodiment, to achieve radial movement of the fixing member 201 relative to the reference member 1, it is preferable to have a form on the fixing member 201 such as Figure 5The sliding groove 202 is shown. Furthermore, the fixing assembly 2 also includes a locking member 203, which comprises a locking bolt and a locking nut. The locking bolt passes through the sliding groove 202 and the mounting hole 102 on the reference member 1 and is threadedly locked to the locking nut. Specifically, during installation, the operator can push and pull the fixing member 201 along the length of the sliding groove 202 according to the actual inner diameter of the well to be tested, until its end firmly abuts against the inner wall of the well, thus achieving adaptive compatibility for wells of different specifications. After the fixing member 201 is adjusted to the target position, tightening the locking nut will utilize the axial tension of the thread to tightly press the fixing member 201 against the reference member 1, thereby generating sufficient frictional self-locking force to resist external vibration and impact loads. Of course, in other feasible embodiments, the locking member 203 can also adopt an eccentric cam clamping mechanism, a quick-release handle clamp, or a pin insertion structure, as long as reliable rigid locking can be achieved at any position of the sliding groove 202.

[0024] Furthermore, one end of the fixing member 201 is bent to form an abutment portion 204; when the fixing member 201 is installed inside the manhole, the abutment portion 204 abuts against the inner wall of the manhole. Figure 5 As shown, the abutment portion 204 is a plate-shaped or arc-shaped structure formed by bending the end of the fastener 201 to one side, and its outer contour matches the curvature of the inner wall of the well. This effectively increases the effective contact area between the fastener 201 and the inner wall of the well, allowing the radial anchoring force to be evenly distributed to a larger area of ​​the well wall. This not only avoids the risk of well wall damage but also significantly improves the overall installation stability of the device. It should be understood that the bending angle and shape of the abutment portion 204 can be adapted to the well material (such as reinforced concrete, cast iron, composite materials) and the roughness of the inner wall. For example, for brittle material well walls, a large curvature arc transition can be used to further reduce the stress peak, while for smooth metal well walls, anti-slip textures can be added to increase the coefficient of friction.

[0025] In one specific embodiment, multiple sets of connecting components 4 are evenly arranged around the test well. Each set of connecting components 4 includes a connecting rod 401, an elastic element 402, and a limiting nut 403. The connecting rod 401 is a screw, one end of which is fixed to the follower 3, and the other end passes through the positioning hole 101 on the reference member 1 to axially connect the reference member 1 and the follower 3. The elastic element 402 is configured to axially expand and contract to apply an axial preload to the follower 3. The limiting nut 403 is threaded to the screw and configured to adjust the axial compression of the elastic element 402 by screwing it in or out. Specifically, after the installation of the reference component 1 is completed, the axial position of the screw can be adjusted by rotating the limit nut 403, thereby adjusting the axial position of the follower 3 relative to the reference component 1. Under the action of the compression elastic component 402, the follower 3 can be tightly attached to the surface of the well to be tested, thereby establishing a spatial pose following relationship between the follower 3 and the well to be tested, that is, the spatial pose of the follower 3 is used to represent the spatial pose of the well to be tested.

[0026] It should be noted that the connecting components 4 are preferably set to 3 or 4 groups and distributed at equal angles along the circumference, so as to effectively eliminate the eccentric load caused by unilateral force, prevent the follower 3 from tilting and jamming during the pre-tightening process, and thus ensure the uniform transmission of axial force.

[0027] In one specific embodiment, the detection module includes a depth measurement unit 5. Specifically, the reference component 1 has multiple measurement holes 103, and the depth measurement unit 5 is an electronic depth measuring ruler. The electronic depth measuring ruler is placed in one of the measurement holes 103, and its probe abuts against the surface of the follower component 3. When the electronic depth measuring ruler is inserted into the measurement hole 103, its outer shell or positioning step forms a stable zero-point reference with the upper surface of the reference component 1, while the probe always abuts against the upper surface of the follower component 3 under the action of gravity or elastic force. Since the follower component 3 is tightly attached to the surface of the well to be measured through the connecting component 4, the change in the probe reading accurately reflects the axial settlement or uplift of the well to be measured relative to the reference component 1. It should be understood that although this embodiment preferably uses a high-precision electronic depth measuring ruler to achieve digital reading, in other embodiments, a laser displacement sensor, a linear variable differential transformer (LVDT), or a mechanical dial indicator can also be used, as long as the axial distance change between the reference component 1 and the follower component 3 can be obtained with reference to the reference component 1. In addition, multiple measuring holes 103 are evenly distributed around the reference piece 1, which not only facilitates multi-point calibration in different positions, but also serves as a backup measuring station to prevent data loss due to foreign objects blocking or sensor failure at a single measuring point.

[0028] In one specific embodiment, the detection module includes multiple angle measuring units 6 arranged around the manhole to be tested. Specifically, the angle measuring unit 6 is an electronic angle measuring ruler, which includes a reference part 601 and a measuring part 602 that can rotate relative to each other. The reference part 601 is fixedly mounted on the follower 3, and the measuring part 602 rotates to abut against the reference part 1. In this structure, the reference part 601 and the follower 3 tilt synchronously, while the measuring part 602 maintains a contact or relative positional relationship with the reference part 1. The rotation angle output value between the two is the tilt deformation of the manhole to be tested relative to the local static reference. At the same time, the multiple angle measuring units 6 are arranged at circumferential intervals (e.g., distributed at 90 degrees or 120 degrees), which can calculate the tilt component in any direction and the maximum tilt direction through vector synthesis. Of course, in other feasible embodiments, the angle measuring unit 6 can also be replaced by a high-precision gyroscope, a MEMS dual-axis tilt chip, or an optical autocollimator, etc.

[0029] In one specific embodiment, the detection module includes a displacement measurement unit 7. Specifically, the displacement measurement unit 7 includes a transparent measurement template disposed in the central region of the follower 3, and the transparent measurement template is provided with measurement scale lines. The measurement scale lines include a first direction scale line and a second direction scale line distributed in a cross orthogonal pattern, and the orthogonal center of the measurement scale lines is used to align with the central valve of the well to be tested. In an ideal, unbiased state, the orthogonal center of the scale lines on the transparent measurement template coincides with the central valve (such as a balance valve or vent valve) of the well to be tested. However, when the well undergoes horizontal displacement, after the reference member 1 is coaxially fixed with the well to be tested, the central valve of the well to be tested will exhibit a certain degree of offset and misalignment with the orthogonal center on the transparent measurement template. The operator can directly read the magnitude and direction of the planar displacement by observing the deviation of the central valve relative to the orthogonal center of the scale lines through the transparent material. It should be understood that although this embodiment uses orthogonal scale lines to adapt to the conventional reading habits of rectangular coordinate systems, in other embodiments, the scale lines may also use a polar coordinate system composed of concentric rings and radial rays, or a star-shaped multi-directional radial scale, etc. Furthermore, the material of the transparent measuring template is not limited to acrylic; it may also be tempered glass, polycarbonate, or other engineering plastics with high light transmittance and scratch resistance.

[0030] In addition, a compass 8 is also provided on the reference component 1. Since the aforementioned depth, angle, and displacement measurements are all based on the relative spatial orientation of the reference component 1 and the follower component 3, by integrating the compass 8 onto the reference component 1, the operator can simultaneously record the orientation of the device with each reading, thereby mapping the relative deformation data to the absolute orientation system of east, west, south, and north, ensuring the traceability of long-term monitoring data and the accuracy of trend analysis. For example, when a measurement shows an increase in displacement in the X-axis direction, the reading of the compass 8 can be used to determine whether the displacement is towards the runway side or the apron side. It should be understood that the compass 8 here refers to an orientation indicator device in general, which, in addition to the traditional magnetic needle compass, can also be an electronic compass, a gyroscope north finder, or a preset mechanical centering mark, etc.

[0031] In summary, the apparatus of this application, when specifically implemented, includes: S100. Adjust the radial position of the fixing member 201 relative to the reference member 1, and fix the reference member 1 to the inner wall of the well via the fixing member 201, so that the reference member 1 coaxially surrounds the well to be tested. Specifically, when performing this step, the operator first adjusts the extension length of the fixing member 201 radially along the sliding groove 202 on the fixing member 201 according to the actual inner diameter of the well to be tested, so that the abutment part 204 at the end of the fixing member 201 is firmly attached to the inner wall of the well. Then, the fixing member 201 is locked to the reference member 1 by the locking member 203, thereby completing the anchoring installation of the reference member 1. S200. Adjust the spatial orientation of the follower 3 relative to the reference component 1 through the connecting assembly 4, and simultaneously apply a preload force to the follower 3 so that the follower 3 is tightly fitted to the surface of the well to be tested. Specifically, after the reference component 1 is installed, adjust the axial position of the connecting rod 401 and the follower 3 by rotating the limiting nut 403 until the lower surface of the follower 3 is tightly fitted to the top surface of the well to be tested with a preset pressure value; S300. The detection module reads the pose data of the follower 3, and obtains the settlement data, tilt data, and planar displacement data of the well to be tested based on the pose data. Specifically, after confirming that the follower 3 is firmly attached, the operator operates the depth measurement unit 5, angle measurement unit 6, and displacement measurement unit 7 sequentially or simultaneously to take readings. The depth measurement unit 5 uses the measuring hole 103 on the reference part 1 as the zero elevation point and reads the change in axial distance between it and the surface of the follower 3 as the settlement value; the angle measurement unit 6 directly outputs the relative angle between the reference part 601 and the measuring part 602 as the tilt value; the displacement measurement unit 7 obtains the planar displacement value by observing the offset of the center of the orthogonal scale line on the transparent measuring template relative to the center valve of the well to be tested. Furthermore, when reading the data, the current azimuth angle can be recorded using the compass 8 on the reference part 1 to ensure the accuracy of the readings.

[0032] In the description of this invention, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0033] Note that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and the technical principles employed. Those skilled in the art will understand that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, and various obvious changes, readjustments, and substitutions can be made without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in detail through the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include many other equivalent embodiments without departing from the concept of the present invention, the scope of which is determined by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. An integrated measurement device for settlement and displacement of refueling wells, characterized in that, include: Reference element (1); fixing assembly (2) including a fixing element (201) that is radially movable relative to the reference element (1), the reference element (1) being detachably mounted in a well having a test plug well via the fixing element (201); Follower (3) is connected to reference member (1) via connecting component (4); the connecting component (4) is configured to adjust the spatial pose of follower (3) relative to reference member (1) and apply preload to follower (3) so that follower (3) fits tightly against the surface of the test well. The detection module is set on the reference component (1) and / or the follower component (3) and is configured to acquire the settlement data, tilt data and planar displacement data of the well to be tested based on the current spatial pose of the follower component (3).

2. The integrated measurement device for settlement and displacement of a refueling well according to claim 1, characterized in that: Multiple sets of the connecting components (4) are evenly arranged around the test well. Each set of the connecting components (4) includes a connecting rod (401) and an elastic element (402). The connecting rod (401) is axially connected to the reference element (1) and the follower (3). The elastic element (402) is configured to axially expand and contract to apply axial preload to the follower (3).

3. The integrated measurement device for settlement and displacement of a refueling well according to claim 2, characterized in that: The connecting rod (401) is a screw, one end of which is fixed to the follower (3) and the other end passes through the positioning hole (101) on the reference member (1); each set of the connecting components (4) also includes a limiting nut (403), which is threaded to the screw and configured to adjust the axial compression of the elastic member (402) by screwing it in or out.

4. The integrated measurement device for settlement and displacement of a refueling well according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixing member (201) is provided with a sliding groove (202), which is configured to allow the fixing member (201) to slide relative to the reference member (1); the fixing assembly (2) also includes a locking member (203), which passes through the sliding groove (202) to lock the fixing member (201) onto the reference member (1).

5. The integrated measurement device for settlement and displacement of a refueling well according to claim 4, characterized in that: The locking component (203) includes a locking bolt and a locking nut; the locking bolt passes through the sliding groove (202) and the mounting hole (102) on the reference component (1) and is threadedly locked to the locking nut.

6. The integrated measurement device for settlement and displacement of a refueling well according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the fastener (201) is bent and provided with an abutment portion (204); when the fastener (201) is installed in the well, the abutment portion (204) abuts against the inner wall of the well.

7. The integrated measurement device for settlement and displacement of a refueling well according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detection module includes a depth measurement unit (5); the reference component (1) has multiple measurement holes (103), and the depth measurement unit (5) is an electronic depth measuring ruler; the electronic depth measuring ruler is placed in one of the measurement holes (103), and its probe abuts against the surface of the follower (3).

8. The integrated measurement device for settlement and displacement of a refueling well according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detection module includes multiple angle measuring units (6) arranged around the well to be tested; the angle measuring unit (6) is an electronic angle measuring ruler, which includes a reference part (601) and a measuring part (602) that can rotate relative to each other. The reference part (601) is fixedly installed on the follower (3), and the measuring part (602) rotates and abuts against the reference part (1).

9. The integrated measurement device for settlement and displacement of a refueling well according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detection module includes a displacement measurement unit (7); the displacement measurement unit (7) includes a transparent measurement template disposed in the central area of ​​the follower (3), and the transparent measurement template is provided with measurement scale lines; the measurement scale lines include a first direction scale line and a second direction scale line distributed in a cross orthogonal pattern, and the orthogonal center of the measurement scale lines is used to align with the central valve of the test well.

10. A method for performing an integrated measurement device for settlement and displacement of a refueling well according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, include: S100. Adjust the radial position of the fixing member (201) relative to the reference member (1), and fix the reference member (1) to the inner wall of the well through the fixing member (201) so that the reference member (1) coaxially surrounds the well to be tested; S200. Adjust the spatial orientation of the follower (3) relative to the reference member (1) through the connecting component (4), and apply a preload force to the follower (3) so that the follower (3) fits tightly against the surface of the test well. S300. Use the detection module to read the position data of the follower (3), and obtain the settlement data, tilt data and planar displacement data of the well to be tested based on the position data.

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