A contact type ladle temperature real-time monitoring method and system

Abstract

The application provides a contact type ladle temperature real-time monitoring method and system, an explosion-proof wireless temperature measuring device (Hastelloy protective sleeve + ceramic fiber temperature insulation layer) with a three-layer protective structure is installed on the outer wall of the ladle, so that contact type temperature measurement under a 1200 DEG C high temperature environment is realized. In combination with a Fourier heat conduction model and a dynamic compensation algorithm, the outer wall temperature is mapped to the internal melt temperature, and a PLC system drives an electric regulating valve, so that three-level automatic control (intensive cooling / PID regulation / cooling completion) of the cooling process is realized. The application solves the problems of low efficiency of traditional manual temperature measurement and large water vapor interference of infrared temperature measurement, can accurately control the spraying water quantity, shortens the slow cooling period, reduces water resource consumption and production cost, and guarantees operation safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of contact temperature measurement technology, and in particular to a method and system for real-time monitoring of the temperature of a contact slag bag. Background Technology

[0002] In the non-ferrous metal smelting process, the loading, transfer, and unloading procedures for slag ladles used to handle smelting slag are as follows: First, an empty slag ladle is transported by a slag ladle truck to the area below the high-temperature molten slag discharge port. Once the ladle is full of molten slag, the discharge port stops discharging slag, and the slag ladle truck then transports the full ladle to a slow cooling area. In the slow cooling area, the ladle is first allowed to cool naturally for about 6 hours, followed by about 24 hours of water cooling until the temperature drops below 50°C. Finally, the slag ladle is turned over and the slag is unloaded by the slag truck. After unloading, the empty slag ladle is transferred to the empty ladle storage area to await the next slag loading operation.

[0003] Because the temperature of the slag molten metal inside the slag ladle reaches over 1200℃, traditional temperature measuring devices cannot measure the melt temperature online. Currently, the mainstream method involves manually measuring the outer wall temperature of the slag ladle at regular intervals using a handheld infrared thermometer, and then calculating the corresponding melt temperature using a data model. Since the slag ladle needs to be transported back and forth by slag ladle trucks, using traditional thermocouples to measure the outer wall temperature would require laying a considerable number of cables, resulting in high costs, difficult construction, and disruption to normal operations in the slow cooling area. Furthermore, manual measurement cannot achieve real-time monitoring of the slag ladle temperature, leading to situations where the temperature has already dropped to a safe level but cooling spray continues, resulting in significant waste of cooling water resources and posing safety risks. Traditional online non-contact temperature measurement methods—infrared thermometry and thermal imaging thermometry—are prone to large measurement errors due to interference from measurement distance and water vapor, especially in winter when the surrounding cooling area experiences significant water mist, further exacerbating the interference. These methods cannot guarantee the accuracy of temperature measurements, potentially leading to the slag ladle being dumped when the internal temperature is too high, potentially causing an explosion.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to study a contact-type slag bag temperature real-time monitoring method and system to address the shortcomings of existing technologies and solve or mitigate one or more of the above-mentioned problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a contact-type real-time temperature monitoring method and system for slag bags, which can move with the slag bag car to directly contact, monitor the temperature of the slag bag in real time, perform trend statistics, automatically control the cooling process through closed loop, and provide multi-level alarms.

[0006] On one hand, the present invention provides a method for real-time monitoring of the temperature of a contact-type slag bag, comprising the following steps: S1. Use a contact detection method to collect measured temperature data of the outer wall of the high-temperature container; S2. Using NB-IoT or LoRa wireless communication protocols, the measured temperature data of the outer wall is wirelessly uploaded to the cloud platform at configurable time intervals. S3. The measured temperature data of the outer wall is transmitted and persistently stored through an encrypted communication link, and then distributed to the alarm platform and centralized dispatch. S4. Based on the Fourier steady-state heat conduction equation, the internal temperature of the container is calculated by inverting the measured temperature of the outer wall of the container and combining the physical properties and structural parameters. S5. Based on the time-series changes and the influence of ambient temperature, a dynamic compensation mechanism is introduced to calibrate the internal temperature of the container to obtain the calibrated internal temperature. S6. Based on the different temperature ranges of the measured temperature of the outer wall of the container, a three-level control strategy is adopted to coordinate and regulate the working status of the cooling device. S7. By comparing the current measured temperature of the container's outer wall with historical temperature data within a set time period, abnormal operating conditions are identified according to preset criteria, automatically triggering warnings, SMS notifications, and system anomaly flags. All nodes in the transmission link to the real-time database utilize SSL encrypted communication.

[0007] In addition to the aspects described above and any possible implementations, a further implementation is provided in which the formula for calculating the internal temperature of the container in S4 is: T core =T surface +k · q'' · δ; Wherein: T surface T represents the measured temperature of the outer wall of the container. core The heat flux density q'' is taken as 50–200 kW / m³ to obtain the internal temperature of the container from the inversion. 2 The container wall thickness δ is taken as 10-15 mm, and the thermal conductivity k of the material at 1000℃ is taken as 30-40 W / m·K.

[0008] In addition to the aspects described above and any possible implementations, a further implementation is provided in which the temperature calibration formula in S5 is: T 校准 =T 测量 +k·Δt+T 环境 ·α; Wherein: T core The internal temperature of the container obtained by inversion is Δt, the response time is Δt, the time coefficient k is 0.5~1.2℃ / min, T_environment is the ambient temperature, and the ambient temperature correction coefficient α is 0.01~0.03℃ / ℃.

[0009] In addition to the aspects and any possible implementations described above, a further implementation is provided, wherein the three-level control strategy in S6 is as follows: when the measured temperature of the outer wall of the container is ≥600℃, the strong cooling mode is activated, the valve group opening is 100%, and the response time is less than 10 seconds; when the measured temperature of the outer wall is in the range of 300℃~600℃, the valve position opening is adjusted by PID proportional control, and the response time is less than 30 seconds; when the measured temperature of the outer wall is <50℃, the cooling device is turned off and a tilting permission signal is output, and the response time is less than 5 seconds; the PID parameter value range is: Kp=0.6~1.2, Ki=0.02~0.1, Kd=0.05~0.3.

[0010] In addition to the aspects and any possible implementations described above, a further implementation is provided in which the regular data upload interval in S2 is configured to be 1 to 10 minutes; when the measured temperature of the outer wall changes by more than 10°C in a short period of time, emergency data upload is immediately triggered.

[0011] In addition to the aspects and any possible implementations described above, a further implementation is provided in which the measured temperature data of the outer wall in S3 is transmitted sequentially via an NB-IoT base station or LoRa gateway, a telecommunications IoT platform, and a firewall.

[0012] In addition to the aspects and any possible implementations described above, another implementation is provided: an anomaly determination rule in S7: if the measured temperature of the outer wall of the current container is greater than 50°C and the temperature has exceeded 200°C in the past 30 hours of historical records, it is determined to be an anomaly. The cloud platform will issue a pop-up warning, send an SMS to the operation and maintenance personnel, and mark the abnormal container in the centralized scheduling system.

[0013] In accordance with the aspects and any possible implementations described above, a real-time temperature monitoring system for contact slag bags is further provided for the aforementioned real-time temperature monitoring method for contact slag bags, comprising a contact temperature measuring device, a wireless communication module, a cloud platform, and an automated control module. The contact temperature measuring device has a three-layer protective structure, consisting of a protective sleeve, a heat insulation layer, and an electronic protection layer. The protective sleeve is in direct contact with the outer wall of the container, the heat insulation layer covers the outside of the protective sleeve to provide heat insulation protection, and the electronic protection layer is used for the explosion-proof protection of the internal electronic components.

[0014] As described above and in any possible implementation, a further implementation is provided in which the protective sleeve is made of Hastelloy C276 material and is fully welded by argon arc welding; the heat insulation layer is made of any material such as ceramic fiber cotton, aluminum silicate fiber, glass fiber, or rock wool, with a thickness of 10-15 mm and a thermal resistance greater than 5 μm. 2K / W, and fastened to the screw by a stainless steel mesh; the electronic protective layer adopts an ExdIICT6 explosion-proof shell with a protection level of IP68; the device has a built-in K-type thermocouple filled with thermally conductive silicone grease, and the temperature measurement thermal response time is less than 10 seconds.

[0015] In addition to the aspects and any possible implementations described above, a further implementation is provided in which the wireless communication module uses NB-IoT or LoRa protocol to achieve wireless data transmission; the cloud platform includes a telecommunications IoT platform, a real-time database system, an alarm platform, and a centralized scheduling system; the automation control module consists of a PLC controller, an electric regulating valve, and a cooling device, and realizes closed-loop control, abnormal alarm, and process linkage scheduling based on the measured temperature data of the outer wall issued by the cloud platform.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention can achieve the following technical effects: By adopting a contact-type temperature measurement method, the protective sleeve is welded to the outer wall of the container, and the thermocouple is inserted into the protective sleeve and filled with thermally conductive silicone grease to form a complete heat conduction path. Compared with traditional non-contact infrared temperature measurement and thermal imaging temperature measurement, it is not affected by measurement distance or water vapor interference in harsh environments such as high temperature, water vapor, and dust. The temperature measurement accuracy is improved from ±20℃ of the traditional method to within ±5℃, an improvement of 75%, which solves the technical problem of large measurement error of existing non-contact temperature measurement in harsh environments.

[0017] By employing a three-layer protective structure, including a contact layer, a heat insulation layer, and an electronic protection layer, the contact layer uses Hastelloy C276 material with a temperature resistance of up to 1300℃, and the heat insulation layer uses ceramic fiber cotton and other heat insulation materials with a thermal resistance greater than 5mΩ. 2 K / W, the electronic protective layer adopts the ExdIICT6 explosion-proof shell with an IP68 protection rating, which effectively isolates high temperature conduction to electronic components, ensuring that the surface temperature of the shell is less than or equal to 60℃ and the internal temperature is less than 80℃. At the same time, it meets the protection requirements of harsh environments such as water spray and dust, ensuring the stable operation of electronic components in high-temperature and harsh environments.

[0018] By adopting NB-IoT or LoRa wireless communication protocols, temperature data is uploaded to the cloud platform, solving the problems of high cost, difficult construction, and impact on normal operation of slow cooling fields caused by the need to lay a large number of cables for traditional thermocouples. This enables wireless real-time monitoring as the container moves, reducing the temperature data latency from 30 minutes for traditional manual temperature measurement to within 5 seconds, a 99.7% reduction, thus meeting the requirements for real-time monitoring.

[0019] By establishing a temperature mapping algorithm based on the Fourier steady-state heat conduction equation, the internal temperature is calculated based on the measured temperature of the outer wall, heat flux density, container wall thickness, and material thermal conductivity. A dynamic compensation mechanism is introduced to compensate for interference factors such as ambient wind speed and spray water temperature, accurately mapping the outer wall temperature to the internal melt temperature, providing an accurate basis for automated control and improving the accuracy of temperature estimation.

[0020] By driving the PLC controller based on temperature data, a three-level control strategy is adopted to automatically adjust the working status of the cooling device. When the temperature is greater than or equal to 600℃, the strong cooling mode is activated. When the temperature is between 300 and 600℃, PID proportional regulation is activated. When the temperature is less than 50℃, the cooling device is shut down and the tilting permission signal is activated. This achieves precise control of the cooling process, avoids the problem of wasting cooling water resources when the slag bag temperature has dropped to a safe value but spray cooling is still being carried out. The slow cooling cycle is shortened by 20%, the spray water consumption is reduced by 15%, and resource consumption is reduced.

[0021] By adopting an anomaly alarm logic based on dual temperature conditions, an anomaly alarm is triggered when the current container temperature is greater than 50°C and there is a record of a temperature greater than 200°C in the past 30 hours. The cloud platform pops up an alert and sends an SMS notification to the operation and maintenance personnel. At the same time, the abnormal container is marked in the centralized scheduling system. This effectively prevents the container from being tilted when the internal temperature is too high, which could cause an explosion. It completely avoids the safety risks of manual temperature measurement and reduces the accident rate to zero.

[0022] Of course, any product implementing this invention does not necessarily need to achieve all of the technical effects described above at the same time. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0024] Figure 1 This is an overall structural diagram of a temperature measuring device provided in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is an accessory diagram of a temperature measuring device provided in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is an internal functional module diagram provided in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a shell dimension drawing provided in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a diagram illustrating a narrowband platform provided in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6This is an overall flowchart of a method for real-time monitoring of the temperature of a contact-type slag bag, provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is an abnormal alarm logic diagram provided in one embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0026] It should be understood that the described embodiments are merely some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] The terminology used in the embodiments of this invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the invention. The singular forms “a,” “the,” and “the” as used in the embodiments of this invention and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0028] This invention provides a method for real-time monitoring of the temperature of a slag bag via contact, comprising the following steps: fixing a protective sleeve to the outer wall of the container and inserting a thermocouple into the protective sleeve to achieve contact temperature measurement; the protective sleeve, a heat insulation layer, and an electronic protective layer constitute a three-layer protective structure, the protective sleeve acting as the contact layer in direct contact with the outer wall of the container, the heat insulation layer covering the protective sleeve with heat insulation material, and the electronic protective layer encapsulating electronic components; collecting temperature data of the container through the thermocouple; and uploading the temperature data to a cloud platform via a wireless communication module, the wireless communication module employing NB-IoT or LoRa communication protocols, with configurable data upload intervals. The protective sleeve is fixed to the outer wall of the container by welding to ensure good thermal contact with the container wall; thermally conductive silicone grease is filled between the thermocouple and the inner wall of the protective sleeve to ensure the integrity of the heat conduction path; the three-layer protective structure effectively isolates high-temperature conduction to the electronic components, ensuring stable operation of the electronic components in harsh environments.

[0029] By employing a contact-based temperature measurement method, compared to traditional non-contact infrared and thermal imaging temperature measurement, this invention is unaffected by measurement distance or moisture interference in harsh environments such as high temperatures, moisture, and dust, resulting in significantly improved temperature measurement accuracy. The use of a wireless communication module solves the problem of requiring numerous cables in traditional thermocouples, reducing costs and construction difficulty without affecting normal operation in the slow cooling field. Uploading temperature data to a cloud platform enables real-time monitoring of the slag bag temperature, avoiding the shortcomings of manual temperature measurement.

[0030] In one specific embodiment, the protective sleeve is fixed to the outer wall of the container by welding. The protective sleeve is made of Hastelloy C276 material and is welded using an argon arc welding process. The weld length is 20 to 50 mm, and the weld spacing is 50 to 150 mm. This welding method ensures a firm connection between the protective sleeve and the outer wall of the container, avoiding interruption of the heat conduction path. Furthermore, Hastelloy C276 material has a temperature resistance of up to 1300℃, meeting the requirements for use in high-temperature environments.

[0031] Preferably, the thermal insulation material is one of ceramic fiber cotton, aluminum silicate fiber, glass fiber, or rock wool, with a thickness of 10 to 15 mm and a thermal resistance greater than 5 μm. 2 K / W. This thickness range and thermal resistance value ensure both effective insulation and prevent the device from becoming too bulky due to excessively thick insulation layers.

[0032] In one specific embodiment, the outer layer of the insulation layer is fixed by a stainless steel mesh and screws, with the screws spaced 100mm apart and an overlap width greater than or equal to 30mm. This fixing method ensures the stability of the insulation layer and prevents it from falling off during use. Furthermore, the stainless steel mesh and screws are resistant to high temperatures and corrosion, making them suitable for harsh working environments.

[0033] Specifically, the electronic protective layer adopts an ExdIICT6 explosion-proof enclosure with an IP68 protection rating. Under an ambient temperature of 25°C, the surface temperature of the explosion-proof enclosure is less than or equal to 60°C, and the internal temperature is less than 80°C. The ExdIICT6 explosion-proof enclosure meets the safety requirements of flammable and explosive environments, and the IP68 protection rating ensures the reliable operation of electronic components in harsh environments such as water spray and dust.

[0034] Preferably, the thermocouple is a type K thermocouple, and thermally conductive silicone grease is filled between the thermocouple and the inner wall of the protective sheath, resulting in a thermal response time of less than 10 seconds. Type K thermocouples have a wide temperature measurement range and high accuracy, and the thermal response time is further shortened after filling with thermally conductive silicone grease, meeting the requirements of real-time monitoring.

[0035] In one specific embodiment, the data upload interval is 1 to 10 minutes. This interval range ensures the real-time nature of the temperature data while avoiding excessively frequent data uploads that could lead to rapid battery depletion.

[0036] As a preferred embodiment, the temperature data is transmitted via the following path: the temperature measuring device uploads the data to the telecommunications IoT platform via an NB-IoT base station or LoRa gateway, then transmits it to the real-time database system via a firewall, and finally distributes it to the alarm platform and centralized dispatch system. This transmission path ensures the security and reliability of data transmission, while also enabling centralized data management and multi-system sharing.

[0037] In some embodiments, the method further includes: calculating the internal temperature of the container based on the Fourier steady-state heat conduction equation, wherein the calculation formula is T. core =T surface +k · q'' · δ; Wherein: T surface T represents the measured temperature of the outer wall of the container. core The heat flux density q'' is taken as 50–200 kW / m³ to obtain the internal temperature of the container from the inversion. 2 The container wall thickness δ is taken as 10–15 mm, and the thermal conductivity k of the material at 1000℃ is taken as 30–40 W / m·K. Using this temperature mapping algorithm, the internal melt temperature can be accurately calculated based on the measured temperature of the outer wall, providing an accurate basis for cooling process control.

[0038] In one specific embodiment, the method further includes: introducing a dynamic compensation mechanism to calibrate the internal temperature, wherein the calibration formula is T. 校准 =T 测量 +k·Δt+T 环境 •α, where k is the time coefficient ranging from 0.5 to 1.2℃ / min, and α is the ambient temperature correction coefficient ranging from 0.01 to 0.03℃ / ℃. The dynamic compensation mechanism compensates for the influence of interference factors such as ambient wind speed and spray water temperature, further improving the accuracy of temperature estimation.

[0039] Preferably, the method further includes: driving a PLC controller to control the operating state of the cooling device based on the temperature data and a preset temperature range. By combining temperature monitoring with automated control, closed-loop control of the cooling process is achieved, improving cooling efficiency and reducing resource consumption.

[0040] Specifically, the temperature data is obtained using the method described above, and the PLC controller operates according to the following three-level control strategy: when the temperature T is greater than or equal to 600℃, the strong cooling mode is activated, and the valve opening is adjusted to 100%, with a response time of less than 10 seconds; when the temperature T is between 300 and 600℃, PID proportional regulation is initiated, and the valve opening is calculated according to the formula opening = Kp × ΔT, with a response time of less than 30 seconds; when the temperature T is less than 50℃, the cooling device is shut down and a tilt permission signal is activated, with a response time of less than 5 seconds. This three-level control strategy automatically switches control modes according to the temperature range, achieving precise control of the cooling process.

[0041] As a preferred embodiment, the parameter range for the PID proportional control is: Kp = 0.6 to 1.2, Ki = 0.02 to 0.1, and Kd = 0.05 to 0.3. This parameter range is the optimal parameter range verified by experiments, which ensures control accuracy while avoiding system oscillation.

[0042] In some embodiments, the system further includes: triggering an anomaly alarm when the current container temperature exceeds 50°C and a temperature exceeding 200°C has been recorded within the past 30 hours; the cloud platform displays a warning and sends an SMS notification to maintenance personnel, while simultaneously marking the abnormal container in the centralized scheduling system. This anomaly alarm logic based on dual temperature conditions effectively prevents the container from tipping over when its internal temperature is too high, thus avoiding explosion accidents.

[0043] This invention also provides a real-time temperature monitoring system for contact-type slag bags, comprising: a contact-type temperature measuring device, including a protective sleeve fixed to the outer wall of the container, a thermocouple inserted into the protective sleeve, and a three-layer protective structure, wherein the three-layer protective structure includes the protective sleeve as a contact layer, a heat insulation layer covering the protective sleeve, and an electronic protective layer encapsulating electronic components; a wireless communication module, electrically connected to the thermocouple, for uploading temperature data to a cloud platform via NB-IoT or LoRa communication protocols; the cloud platform for receiving and storing the temperature data; and an automation control module, communicatively connected to the cloud platform, for controlling the operating status of the cooling device based on the temperature data. This system realizes a complete chain of functions from temperature acquisition, data transmission, data storage to automation control, forming a complete real-time temperature monitoring and control solution for contact-type slag bags.

[0044] In one specific embodiment, the contact temperature measuring device further includes: a protective sleeve made of Hastelloy C276 material; a thermocouple made of type K thermocouple; an insulation layer made of one of ceramic fiber cotton, aluminum silicate fiber, glass fiber, or rock wool; and an electronic protection layer made of an ExdIICT6 explosion-proof shell. The selection of these materials and structures ensures reliable operation of the temperature measuring device in harsh environments such as high temperature, moisture, and dust.

[0045] Preferably, the wireless communication module includes: a circuit control board for receiving and processing signals from the thermocouple; a temperature sensor interface electrically connected to the thermocouple; a battery module for powering the wireless communication module; a wireless signal transceiver unit for transmitting the temperature data; and an IoT communication unit for transmitting the encoded temperature data to a cloud platform. The wireless communication module realizes the functions of temperature data acquisition, processing, encoding, and transmission, and is the core component for the system to achieve wireless real-time monitoring.

[0046] Specifically, the cloud platform includes: a telecommunications IoT platform for receiving the temperature data; a real-time database system, communicatively connected to the telecommunications IoT platform, for storing the temperature data; an alarm platform, communicatively connected to the real-time database system, for triggering alarms based on the temperature data; and a centralized scheduling system, communicatively connected to the real-time database system, for scheduling the processing flow of the containers. The cloud platform implements centralized data management, real-time monitoring, alarm functions, and scheduling, serving as the system's data center and control center.

[0047] As a preferred solution, the alarm platform triggers anomaly alarms based on the following logic: when the current container temperature is greater than 50°C, and there is a record of a temperature exceeding 200°C within the past 30 hours, the container is identified as abnormal, an alert is displayed, and an SMS notification is sent to maintenance personnel. This alarm logic, based on a comprehensive judgment of historical temperature data and the current temperature, effectively identifies abnormal containers and reduces safety risks.

[0048] In some embodiments, the automation control module includes a PLC controller, an electric regulating valve, and a cooling device. The PLC controller is communicatively connected to the cloud platform and drives the electric regulating valve to adjust the flow rate of the cooling device based on the temperature data. The automation control module implements closed-loop control based on temperature data, automatically adjusting the operating state of the cooling device, improving cooling efficiency, and reducing resource consumption.

[0049] This invention also provides a method for wireless transmission of temperature data, comprising the following steps: acquiring temperature data of a high-temperature container using a contact-type temperature measurement device, the temperature measurement device comprising a three-layer protective structure; encoding the temperature data using the MQTT or TCP protocol; transmitting the encoded temperature data wirelessly using the NB-IoT or LoRa communication protocol; uploading the temperature data to a cloud platform; and receiving and storing the temperature data on the cloud platform. This method achieves real-time wireless transmission of temperature data, overcoming the limitations of traditional wired transmission methods.

[0050] In one specific embodiment, the encoded temperature data includes: device ID, timestamp, temperature value, battery level, and signal strength. These data fields contain both core temperature information and device status information, facilitating data management and device monitoring by the cloud platform.

[0051] Preferably, the temperature data upload interval can be configured to be 1 to 10 minutes, and data upload is triggered immediately when the temperature change exceeds 10°C. This upload strategy ensures the real-time nature of the temperature data, reduces battery consumption, and enables timely data upload even during drastic temperature changes.

[0052] The purpose and actual effect of setting each parameter in this invention are as follows: Specifically, the temperature data transmission path employs SSL encrypted communication between nodes. The transmission path is as follows: the temperature measuring device uploads data to the telecommunications IoT platform via an NB-IoT base station or LoRa gateway, then transmits it through a firewall to the real-time database system, and finally distributes it to the alarm platform and centralized dispatch system. SSL encrypted communication ensures the security of data transmission, preventing data theft or tampering.

[0053] Example 1:

[0054] This invention provides a wireless real-time monitoring method for slag bale temperature, enabling real-time online detection of the slag bale's outer wall temperature. Using the slag bale's outer wall temperature data, an automatic water flow regulating valve can be added via a spray pipe. When the slag bale temperature indicator is displayed, the valve opens or adjusts the cooling water spray flow rate accordingly, achieving precise control of the slow and strong cooling processes of the slag bale. Real-time temperature monitoring can minimize the slow cooling cycle, improving slag bale efficiency. Simultaneously, accurate control of the cooling spray water flow rate reduces the amount of spray water used. Furthermore, experimental research can be conducted to control slag bale temperature changes to alter the crystal structure of the cooled slag, reducing its structural strength and the difficulty of crushing and flotation, thereby lowering the production cost of crushing and flotation. The structural parameters are shown in Table 1.

[0055] Table 1 Design of Three-Layer Protective Structure This invention establishes a heat conduction model for slag bags based on the Fourier steady-state heat conduction equation: T core =T surface +kq′′·δ in: q′′: Heat flux density (obtained through experimental calibration, range 50-200 kW / m³) 2 ); δ: Slag bag wall thickness (typical value 12mm); k: Thermal conductivity of the slag bag material (dynamically corrected, taken as 35W / m・K at 1000℃).

[0056] Dynamic compensation mechanism: T 校准 =T 测量 +k·Δt+T 环境 ·α in: k is the time coefficient (obtained experimentally, with a value of 0.5-1.2℃ / min). α is the ambient temperature correction factor (taken as 0.01-0.03℃ / ℃ to compensate for the influence of ambient wind speed and spray water temperature).

[0057] Table 2. Three-level control strategy table

[0058] As shown in Table 2, the three-level control strategy is executed in a chain-like manner: When T>600℃ for 10 minutes, turn on the high-pressure water pump (22kW) and open the regulating valve to 100%. When T drops to 300±5℃, start PID control and adjust the valve position linearly according to (80-0.2×T)%. 1. Installation of temperature measuring device (e.g.) Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 4 ) Protective sleeve welding: Hastelloy C276 protective sleeves are welded to the outer wall of the slag bag using argon arc welding full welding process. The weld length is >20mm and the spacing is ≤150mm to ensure good thermal contact with the slag bag wall. Penetrant testing is performed after welding to avoid interruption of the heat conduction path.

[0059] Wireless thermometer fixing: The wireless thermometer is fixed above the protective sleeve by a stainless steel crossbeam. The crossbeam is welded to the sleeve to ensure that the device is stable and does not fall off during the movement of the slag bag.

[0060] Thermal insulation cotton installation: The thermal insulation cotton is made of ceramic fiber material (10mm thick), covering the wireless thermometer and the area around the crossbeam. The outer layer is fixed with stainless steel mesh and M6 screws with a screw spacing of 100mm and an overlap width of ≥30mm to prevent high temperature radiation from affecting electronic components.

[0061] Standard shell dimensions: The explosion-proof shell dimensions are H=120mm, W=80mm, and the mounting hole spacing is D=50mm. It is fixed to the outer wall of the slag bag with bolts, and a rubber buffer pad is added to the bottom to reduce vibration and impact.

[0062] 2. Construction of internal functional modules (such as...) Figure 3 ) The circuit control board module receives the temperature sensor signal, encodes it through the IoT communication module, and then transmits it to the cloud platform through the wireless signal transceiver module.

[0063] Circuit control board module: Receives temperature sensor signals, amplifies and filters them, and completes data calibration via a built-in microprocessor (formula: T). 校准 =T 测量 +k·Δt+T 环境 ·α), k is the ambient temperature compensation coefficient), and is encoded through the Internet of Things communication module.

[0064] Temperature sensor module: adopts K-type thermocouple, cold junction compensation is achieved through temperature sensor, thermocouple and protective sleeve inner wall are filled with thermally conductive silicone grease, thermal response time <10s.

[0065] Wireless signal transceiver module: Supports NB-IoT or LoRa communication protocols, transmits data to the cloud platform through the built-in antenna, and the data upload interval can be configured to 1-10 minutes. Battery module: Uses lithium thionyl chloride battery with a capacity sufficient for 5 years of continuous operation (data upload interval of 5 minutes), and features an explosion-proof and sealed battery compartment.

[0066] 3. Platform configuration and alarms (e.g.) Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 ) Narrowband platform parameters: In the telecommunications IoT platform ( Figure 5 Set the data upload interval to 5 minutes, configure the device ID, communication protocol (MQTT / TCP), and data acquisition system IP port to ensure data is transmitted according to the process (wireless temperature measurement device → NB-IoT base station → IoT platform → real-time database → alarm platform). Figure 6 ).

[0067] Abnormal alarm logic: Triggering conditions: Current slag bag temperature > 50℃, and temperature 30 hours ago > 200℃. Figure 7 ); Alarm actions: The platform displays an alert, sends an SMS notification to maintenance personnel, and marks the abnormal data packet in the centralized dispatch system.

[0068] Automation extension: The PLC system is linked to control the spray water valve, which is fully open when the temperature is >600℃ and closed when the temperature is <50℃.

[0069] The above provides a detailed description of a contact-type slag bag temperature real-time monitoring method and system provided in the embodiments of this application. The descriptions of the embodiments above are merely for the purpose of helping to understand the method and its core ideas; furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of this application, there will be changes in specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0070] Certain terms are used in the specification and claims to refer to specific components. Those skilled in the art will understand that hardware manufacturers may use different names to refer to the same component. This specification and claims do not distinguish components based on differences in name, but rather on differences in function. The terms "comprising" and "including" used throughout the specification and claims are open-ended and should be interpreted as "comprising / including but not limited to". "Approximately" means that within an acceptable margin of error, those skilled in the art can solve the technical problem and substantially achieve the technical effect within a certain margin of error. The following descriptions in the specification are preferred embodiments for carrying out this application; however, these descriptions are for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. The scope of protection of this application shall be determined by the appended claims.

[0071] It should also be noted that the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a product or system comprising a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a product or system. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the product or system that includes said element.

[0072] It should be understood that the term "and / or" used in this article is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this article generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0073] The foregoing description illustrates and describes several preferred embodiments of this application. However, as previously stated, it should be understood that this application is not limited to the forms disclosed herein and should not be construed as excluding other embodiments. It can be used in various other combinations, modifications, and environments, and can be altered within the scope of the application concept described herein through the foregoing teachings or techniques or knowledge in related fields. Any modifications and variations made by those skilled in the art that do not depart from the spirit and scope of this application should be within the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for real-time monitoring of the temperature of a contact-type slag bag, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Use a contact detection method to collect measured temperature data of the outer wall of the high-temperature container; S2. Using NB-IoT or LoRa wireless communication protocols, the measured temperature data of the outer wall is wirelessly uploaded to the cloud platform at configurable time intervals. S3. The measured temperature data of the outer wall is transmitted and persistently stored through an encrypted communication link, and then distributed to the alarm platform and centralized dispatch. S4. Based on the Fourier steady-state heat conduction equation, the internal temperature of the container is calculated by inverting the measured temperature of the outer wall of the container and combining the physical properties and structural parameters. S5. Based on the time-series changes and the influence of ambient temperature, a dynamic compensation mechanism is introduced to calibrate the internal temperature of the container to obtain the calibrated internal temperature. S6. Based on the different temperature ranges of the measured temperature of the outer wall of the container, a three-level control strategy is adopted to coordinate and regulate the working status of the cooling device. S7. Based on the measured temperature of the current outer wall of the container and the historical temperature data within the set time period, identify abnormal operating conditions according to preset criteria, and automatically trigger warnings, SMS notifications and system abnormality markers.

2. The method for real-time monitoring of contact-type slag bag temperature according to claim 1, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the internal temperature of the container in S4 is: T core =T surface +k · q'' · δ; Wherein: T surface T represents the measured temperature of the outer wall of the container. core The heat flux density q'' is taken as 50–200 kW / m³ to obtain the internal temperature of the container from the inversion. 2 The container wall thickness δ is taken as 10-15 mm, and the thermal conductivity k of the material at 1000℃ is taken as 30-40 W / m·K.

3. The method for real-time monitoring of contact-type slag bag temperature according to claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature calibration formula in S5 is: T 校准 =T 测量 +k·Δt+T 环境 ·α; Where: Tcore is the container internal temperature obtained by inversion, Δt is the response time, the time coefficient k takes a value of 0.5~1.2℃ / min, Ten is the ambient temperature, and the ambient temperature correction coefficient α takes a value of 0.01~0.03℃ / ℃.

4. The method for real-time monitoring of contact-type slag bag temperature according to claim 1, characterized in that, The three-level control strategy in S6 is as follows: When the measured temperature of the outer wall of the container is ≥600℃, the strong cooling mode is activated, the valve group opening is 100%, and the response time is less than 10 seconds. When the measured temperature of the outer wall is in the range of 300℃ to 600℃, the valve opening is adjusted by PID proportional control, and the response time is less than 30 seconds. When the measured temperature of the outer wall is <50℃, the cooling device is turned off and a tilting permission signal is output, with a response time of less than 5 seconds; PID parameter value range: Kp=0.6~1.2, Ki=0.02~0.1, Kd=0.05~0.

3.

5. The method for real-time monitoring of contact-type slag bag temperature according to claim 1, characterized in that, The normal data upload interval in S2 is configured to be 1 to 10 minutes; when the measured temperature of the outer wall changes by more than 10°C in a short period of time, emergency data upload is triggered immediately.

6. The method for real-time monitoring of contact-type slag bag temperature according to claim 1, characterized in that, The measured temperature data of the outer wall of S3 is transmitted sequentially to the real-time database via NB-IoT base station or LoRa gateway, telecom IoT platform, and firewall. Each node of the transmission link uses SSL encrypted communication.

7. The method for real-time monitoring of contact-type slag bag temperature according to claim 1, characterized in that, S7's anomaly detection rules: If the measured temperature of the outer wall of the container is greater than 50°C and there has been a temperature greater than 200°C in the historical records within the past 30 hours, it is considered an anomaly. The cloud platform will issue a pop-up warning, send an SMS to the maintenance personnel, and mark the abnormal container in the centralized scheduling system.

8. A contact-type slag bag temperature real-time monitoring system, characterized in that, The method for real-time monitoring of the temperature of a contact-type slag bag as described in any one of claims 1 to 7 includes a contact temperature measuring device, a wireless communication module, a cloud platform, and an automated control module. The contact temperature measuring device has a three-layer protective structure, consisting of a protective sleeve, a heat insulation layer, and an electronic protection layer. The protective sleeve is in direct contact with the outer wall of the container, the heat insulation layer covers the outside of the protective sleeve to provide heat insulation protection, and the electronic protection layer is used for the explosion-proof protection of the internal electronic components.

9. The contact-type slag bag temperature real-time monitoring system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The protective sleeve is made of Hastelloy C276 and is fully welded by argon arc welding; the heat insulation layer is made of any material such as ceramic fiber cotton, aluminum silicate fiber, glass fiber, or rock wool, with a thickness of 10-15mm and a thermal resistance greater than 5m. 2 K / W, and fastened to the screw by a stainless steel mesh; the electronic protective layer adopts an ExdIICT6 explosion-proof shell with a protection level of IP68; the device has a built-in K-type thermocouple filled with thermally conductive silicone grease, and the temperature measurement thermal response time is less than 10 seconds.

10. The contact-type slag bag temperature real-time monitoring system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The wireless communication module uses NB-IoT or LoRa protocol to achieve wireless data transmission; the cloud platform includes a telecommunications IoT platform, a real-time database system, an alarm platform, and a centralized dispatch system; the automation control module consists of a PLC controller, an electric regulating valve, and a cooling device, and realizes closed-loop control, abnormal alarm, and process linkage dispatch system based on the measured temperature data of the outer wall issued by the cloud platform.

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