In-situ tensile-torsional combined loading device and system

Abstract

The application discloses an in-situ tensile-torsional composite loading device and system, relates to the technical field of material mechanics performance testing, and comprises a main body frame, a tensile assembly, a rotating assembly and a damping assembly. The tensile assembly is installed on the main body frame, the rotating assembly is installed on the output end of the tensile assembly, and the damping assembly is installed on the main body frame. The damping assembly can provide a torque load for a test sample, the tensile assembly can independently apply an axial load, the rotating assembly can provide a driving force required for rotation for the test sample, the damping assembly can provide a stable reverse torque for the test sample, the rotating assembly can drive the output end of the test sample and the damping assembly to rotate, thereby cooperating with an imaging assembly to perform multi-angle scanning on the test sample, complete internal structure information is acquired, and in-situ observation and analysis of the test sample under a complex stress state are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of material mechanical property testing technology, and in particular to an in-situ tensile-torsion composite loading device and system. Background Technology

[0002] For the analysis of tensile-torsional composite multiaxial stress states of materials, off-site characterization techniques and in-situ imaging techniques are usually employed.

[0003] Ex-situ characterization techniques utilize methods such as SEM, TEM, and metallographic analysis to perform post-failure microstructural analysis on samples after loading. However, this method can only obtain the final state characteristics of material damage and cannot capture the real-time evolution of damage under load. It is difficult to establish a quantitative correlation between load, local strain, and internal damage, and cannot accurately reproduce the true service failure mechanism of the material, which can easily lead to misjudgments in material service performance and life assessment.

[0004] In-situ imaging technology, relying on in-situ imaging techniques such as synchrotron X-ray CT and neutron CT, can achieve dynamic three-dimensional characterization of the internal microstructure of materials, making up for the technical deficiencies of ex-situ characterization. However, existing CT-coupled in-situ loading equipment only supports uniaxial tensile and compressive loading, which cannot simulate the combined stress conditions of blades. Furthermore, commercial tensile-torsion composite testing machines, due to their portal frame and metal transmission structure, will block the X-ray beam path and produce imaging artifacts, making it impossible to cooperate with imaging components to complete 360° rotation scanning and three-dimensional reconstruction.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an in-situ tensile-torsion composite loading device that can simulate composite stress conditions and perform rotational scanning. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide an in-situ tensile-torsional composite loading device and system to solve the problems existing in the prior art. Through the rotation component, damping component and tension component, tensile force and torsional force can be applied to the sample and drive the sample to rotate as a whole, so as to cooperate with the imaging component to perform rotational scanning of the sample.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: This invention provides an in-situ tensile-torsion composite loading device, comprising: a main frame, a tensile component, a rotation component, and a damping component; wherein, the tensile component is mounted on the main frame, the rotation component is mounted on the output end of the tensile component and the output end of the rotation component is used to connect to a first end of the specimen, the damping component is mounted on the main frame and the output end of the damping component is used to connect to a second end of the specimen, and the damping component is capable of providing a torque load to the specimen.

[0008] Preferably, the damping assembly includes a hysteresis damper and a damping shaft. The hysteresis damper is connected to the main frame, and the damping shaft is connected to the output end of the hysteresis damper. The damping shaft is used to connect to the second end of the sample.

[0009] Preferably, the damping assembly further includes a first thrust bearing and a second thrust bearing, which are respectively installed at the upper and lower ends of the damping shaft.

[0010] Preferably, the stretching assembly includes a servo electric actuator and a second mounting base. The servo electric actuator is fixedly mounted on the main frame, the second mounting base is mounted on the output end of the servo electric actuator, and the rotating assembly is mounted on the second mounting base.

[0011] Preferably, the main frame includes guide posts, the axis of which is parallel to the axis of the servo electric cylinder, at least two guide posts are spaced apart, and the second mounting base has guide holes that match the guide posts.

[0012] Preferably, the rotating assembly includes a drive motor and a drive shaft. The drive motor is fixedly mounted on the second mounting base, and the drive shaft is rotatably mounted on the second mounting base. The drive shaft is connected to the drive motor in a transmission manner.

[0013] Preferably, the rotating assembly further includes a third thrust bearing and a fourth thrust bearing, which are respectively installed at the upper and lower ends of the drive shaft.

[0014] Preferably, the assembly further includes a clamping component, which includes a first clamping block, a first clamping block, a second clamping block, and a second clamping block; the first clamping block is connected to the output end of the rotating component, and a first clamping groove for clamping the sample is formed between the first clamping block and the first clamping block; the second clamping block is connected to the output end of the damping component, and a second clamping groove for clamping the sample is formed between the second clamping block and the second clamping block.

[0015] Preferably, it further includes a tension-torsion coupling sensor, which is installed between the first clamp fixing block and the output end of the rotating component or between the second clamp fixing block and the output end of the damping component.

[0016] The present invention provides an in-situ tensile-torsion composite loading system, including the above-mentioned in-situ tensile-torsion composite loading device, and further including an imaging component. The detection path of the imaging component is staggered with the main frame, and the imaging component is used to detect the sample.

[0017] The present invention achieves the following technical effects compared to the prior art: In the in-situ tensile-torsion composite loading device and system disclosed in this invention, an axial load can be applied independently through a tensile component. The two ends of the sample are connected to a rotating component and a damping component, respectively. The rotating component can provide the driving force required for the rotation of the sample, and the damping component can provide a stable reverse torque for the sample, thereby achieving the application of torsional load to the sample and forming a composite loading of tension and torsion. Furthermore, the rotating component can drive the output ends of the sample and the damping component to rotate, thereby cooperating with the imaging component to perform multi-angle scanning of the sample, obtain complete internal structural information, and realize in-situ observation and analysis of the sample under complex stress state. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an in-situ tension-torsion composite loading device in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the rotating component and the damping component in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a clamping component in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] The components include: 1. Servo electric cylinder; 2. Upper beam; 3. Adapter flange; 4. Slider base plate; 5. Second mounting seat; 6. First shaft retaining ring; 7. Third thrust bearing; 8. Drive shaft; 9. Fourth thrust bearing; 10. First chuck fixing block; 11. First chuck movable block; 12. Receiver; 13. Sample; 14. Second chuck fixing block; 15. Second chuck movable block; 16. Tension-torsion coupling sensor; 17. First thrust bearing; 18. Damping shaft; 19. Second thrust bearing; 20. Second shaft retaining ring; 21. First mounting seat; 22. Base; 23. X-ray source; 24. Guide post; 25. Drive shaft key; 26. Damping shaft key; 27. Servo motor; 28. Hysteresis damper. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] The purpose of this invention is to provide an in-situ tensile-torsional composite loading device and system to solve the problems existing in the prior art. Through the rotation component, damping component and tension component, tensile force and torsional force can be applied to the sample and drive the sample to rotate as a whole, so as to cooperate with the imaging component to perform rotational scanning of the sample.

[0023] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0024] Example 1 Please refer to Figures 1-3 This embodiment provides an in-situ tensile-torsional composite loading device, including: a main frame, a tensile component, a rotation component, and a damping component. The main frame serves as the foundation for mounting and supporting the various structures. The tensile component is mounted on the main frame, and the rotation component is mounted on the output end of the tensile component, which is connected to the first end of the specimen 13. The damping component is mounted on the main frame, and its output end is connected to the second end of the specimen 13. The damping component provides a torque load to the specimen 13. Its working principle is as follows: the tensile component can independently apply an axial load, and the rotation component provides the driving force required for the rotation of the specimen 13. During the rotation of the specimen 13 around its axis, the damping component provides a stable reverse torque, thereby creating a tensile-torsional coupled stress state inside the specimen 13. Simultaneously, the driving force provided by the rotation component overcomes the reverse torque provided by the damping component, thus driving the specimen 13 and the output end of the damping component to rotate continuously, i.e., driving the entire specimen 13 to rotate. This, combined with the imaging component, allows for multi-angle scanning of the specimen 13, acquiring complete internal structural information, and enabling in-situ observation and analysis of the specimen 13 under complex stress states.

[0025] In one embodiment, the damping component and the rotating component are coaxially arranged, and the rotation axes of both are coincident with the central axis of the sample 13, so as to ensure that the sample 13 is subjected to uniform force and rotates smoothly during the loading process.

[0026] In one embodiment, the damping assembly includes a hysteresis damper 28 and a damping shaft 18. The hysteresis damper 28 is connected to the main frame, and the damping shaft 18 is connected to the output end of the hysteresis damper 28. The damping shaft 18 is used to connect to the second end of the specimen 13. During operation, the hysteresis damper 28 is fixed, and under the drive of the rotating assembly, the damping shaft 18 can rotate relative to the hysteresis damper 28. The hysteresis damper 28 can then provide a torque load to the damping shaft 18 in the opposite direction of rotation. By adjusting the input current of the hysteresis damper 28, the magnitude of the damping torque can be changed in real time, thereby precisely controlling the torsional load on the specimen 13. Furthermore, the output torque characteristics of the damping component are essentially independent of the rotational speed. It can provide a stable and repeatable torque load at different rotational speeds of the sample (including low-speed fine scanning and high-speed continuous rotation), perfectly adapting to the diverse rotational speed requirements during the imaging process. Compared with traditional mechanical friction or hydraulic torque loading methods, the hysteresis damper 28 does not require mechanical contact wear, avoiding torque fluctuations and loading hysteresis caused by changes in the friction coefficient. It significantly improves the control accuracy and dynamic response performance of torsional loads, and can accurately simulate the complex and dynamic torsional load history faced by key components such as turbine blades in actual service.

[0027] In one embodiment, the damping assembly further includes a first thrust bearing 17 and a second thrust bearing 19, which are respectively mounted on the upper and lower ends of the damping shaft 18. The first thrust bearing 17 and the second thrust bearing 19 can limit the axial displacement of the damping shaft 18, ensuring that it does not axially move when subjected to tensile loads.

[0028] In one embodiment, the damping assembly further includes a first mounting base 21, on which a mounting groove for accommodating the damping shaft 18 is provided. A first thrust bearing 17 and a second thrust bearing 19 are respectively embedded at the upper and lower ends of the mounting groove and are in close contact with the damping shaft 18.

[0029] In one embodiment, the damping assembly further includes a second shaft retaining ring 20, which is disposed below the second thrust bearing 19 and is used to axially position the second thrust bearing 19 to prevent it from loosening or falling off during use.

[0030] In one embodiment, the upper and lower ends of the damping shaft 18 are provided with steps for installing the first thrust bearing 17 and the second thrust bearing 19. The inner diameter of the first thrust bearing 17 matches the outer diameter of the step, and the outer diameter of the first thrust bearing 17 matches the outer diameter of the damping shaft 18. The inner ring of the first thrust bearing 17 is in close contact with the step. The installation method of the second thrust bearing 19 is the same as that of the first thrust bearing 17, which reduces the machining difficulty of the through hole and ensures the coaxiality of the bearing and the shaft.

[0031] In one embodiment, the tensile assembly includes a servo electric actuator 1 and a second mounting base 5. The servo electric actuator 1 is fixedly mounted on the main frame, and the second mounting base 5 is mounted on the output end of the servo electric actuator 1. The rotating assembly is mounted on the second mounting base 5. By extending and retracting the servo electric actuator 1, the displacement of the rotating assembly in the vertical direction can be precisely controlled, thereby applying a controllable tensile load to the specimen 13.

[0032] In one embodiment, the second mounting base 5 is mounted on the output end of the servo electric cylinder 1 via the slider base plate 4.

[0033] In one embodiment, the servo electric actuator 1 is rigidly connected to the slider base plate 4 via an adapter flange 3.

[0034] In one embodiment, the main frame includes guide posts 24, the axis of which is parallel to the axis of the servo electric cylinder 1. At least two guide posts 24 are spaced apart, and the second mounting base 5 has guide holes that match the guide posts 24. Through the cooperation of the guide posts 24 and the guide holes, the second mounting base 5 can be effectively guided to move smoothly in the vertical direction, preventing it from deflecting or shaking during the stretching process, thereby ensuring the accuracy and stability of the tensile load application.

[0035] In one embodiment, the main frame includes a base 22, and two guide pillars 24 are mounted on the base 22.

[0036] In one embodiment, the main frame further includes an upper beam 2, which is fixedly installed on the upper end of the guide column 24, and the cylinder body of the servo electric push cylinder 1 is fixedly installed on the upper beam 2.

[0037] In one embodiment, the rotating assembly includes a drive motor and an active rotating shaft 8. The drive motor is fixedly mounted on the second mounting base 5, and the active rotating shaft 8 is rotatably mounted on the second mounting base 5. The active rotating shaft 8 is connected to the drive motor in a transmission manner, and the output end of the active rotating shaft 8 is used to connect to the first end of the sample 13.

[0038] In one embodiment, the drive motor is a servo motor 27. By precisely controlling the rotation angle and speed of the active rotating shaft 8 through the servo motor 27, a controllable torsional load can be applied to the specimen 13, achieving a combined loading of tension and torsion.

[0039] In one embodiment, the rotating assembly further includes a third thrust bearing 7 and a fourth thrust bearing 9, which are respectively mounted on the upper and lower ends of the drive shaft 8. The third thrust bearing 7 and the fourth thrust bearing 9 can limit the axial displacement of the damping shaft 18, ensuring that it will not axially move when subjected to tensile loads, thereby ensuring the stable transmission of torsional loads.

[0040] In one embodiment, the second mounting base 5 has a through hole for accommodating the drive shaft 8, and the third thrust bearing 7 and the fourth thrust bearing 9 are respectively installed at the upper and lower ends of the through hole. The drive shaft 8 passes through the through hole and is tightly fitted with the inner ring of the bearing.

[0041] In one embodiment, the upper and lower ends of the drive shaft 8 are provided with steps for mounting the third thrust bearing 7 and the fourth thrust bearing 9, so as to achieve axial positioning of the bearings.

[0042] In one embodiment, a first shaft retaining ring 6 is also included. The first shaft retaining ring 6 is installed on the upper end of the drive shaft 8 and is used to axially lock the third thrust bearing 7 to prevent it from loosening during operation.

[0043] In one embodiment, the in-situ tension-torsion composite loading device further includes a clamping component.

[0044] In one embodiment, the clamping assembly includes a first clamping block 10, a first clamping block 11, a second clamping block 14, and a second clamping block 15. The first clamping block 10 is connected to the output end of the rotating assembly. A first clamping groove for clamping the sample 13 is formed between the first clamping block 11 and the first clamping block 10. The second clamping block 14 is connected to the output end of the damping assembly. A second clamping groove for clamping the sample 13 is formed between the second clamping block 15 and the second clamping block 14. Through the cooperation of the first clamping block 10 and the first clamping block 11, and the cooperation of the second clamping block 14 and the second clamping block 15, both ends of the sample 13 can be firmly clamped. This method provides good centering and ensures that the sample 13 will not slip or deflect under tensile and torsional loads.

[0045] It is understandable that the first mounting base 21 has a through hole for connecting the damping shaft 18 and the first chuck fixing block 10, and the second mounting base 5 has a through hole for connecting the active shaft 8 and the second chuck fixing block 14.

[0046] In one embodiment, the clamping assembly may also be a structure with clamping function known in the prior art, such as a wedge clamp, a pneumatic chuck, or a hydraulic clamping mechanism.

[0047] In one embodiment, taking the first clamp fixing block 10 and the first clamp movable block 11 as being located on the upper side during use as an example, both the first clamping groove and the second clamping groove include a constant diameter section and a reduced diameter section. The size of the constant diameter section is larger than the size of the reduced diameter section, and the constant diameter section is located above the reduced diameter section. The corresponding end of the sample 13 is provided with a boss structure adapted to the constant diameter section and the reduced diameter section. The axial positioning of the sample 13 is achieved through the cooperation of the boss and the reduced diameter section. Furthermore, the cross-section of the constant diameter section is polygonal, and the corresponding end boss of the sample 13 is also polygonal. The polygonal cooperation can prevent the sample 13 from rotating relative to each other during torsional loading, thereby ensuring the effective transmission of torsional load. The structure of the second clamp fixing block 14 and the second clamp movable block 15 is the same as that of the first clamp fixing block 10 and the first clamp movable block 11. They are also provided with a constant diameter section and a reduced diameter section, and the cross-section of the constant diameter section is polygonal. The difference is that the constant diameter section of the second clamp fixing block 14 and the second clamp movable block 15 is located below the reduced diameter section.

[0048] In one embodiment, the first movable chuck block 11 is detachably connected to the first fixed chuck block 10, and the second movable chuck block 15 is detachably connected to the second fixed chuck block 14. Specifically, the first movable chuck block 11 and the first fixed chuck block 10 are connected by bolts.

[0049] In one embodiment, the first movable chuck block 11 and the first fixed chuck block 10 are connected by a telescopic member, which is a spring or a cylinder, to separate or close the first movable chuck block 11 and the first fixed chuck block 10. Similarly, the second movable chuck block 15 and the second fixed chuck block 14 can also be connected in the same manner.

[0050] In one embodiment, the in-situ tensile-torsion composite loading device further includes a tension-torsion coupling sensor 16, which is installed between the first clamp fixing block 10 and the output end of the rotating component, or between the second clamp fixing block 14 and the output end of the damping component. The tension-torsion coupling sensor 16 is used to acquire axial force and torque signals of the specimen 13 in real time during the tensile and torsional composite loading process.

[0051] In one embodiment, the hysteresis damper 28 is connected to the damping shaft 18 via the damping key 26.

[0052] In one embodiment, the servo motor 27 is connected to the drive shaft 8 via the drive shaft key 25.

[0053] This invention employs a structural design concept of fixed frame and rotating sample. During testing, the upper beam 2, base 22, guide column 24, and other structures of the device remain stationary, with only the sample 13, rotating assembly, and damping assembly rotating. This design completely avoids the problems of huge centrifugal force, vibration instability, and structural deformation caused by the rotation of the entire machine, significantly improving the safety and reliability of the testing process. It is particularly suitable for the long-term stable operation requirements of precision experimental environments such as synchrotron radiation beamlines. Simultaneously, the static frame structure provides a stable installation platform for integrating diverse in-situ environmental modules, allowing for convenient expansion and configuration of auxiliary devices such as high-temperature furnaces, low-temperature cooling systems, atmosphere control chambers, and electrochemical environment chambers. This greatly expands the applicability of the device in complex service environments such as extreme temperatures, corrosive media, and atmosphere protection, providing strong technical support for the study of material damage evolution under conditions closer to real-world operating conditions.

[0054] Example 2 This embodiment provides an in-situ tensile-torsion composite loading system, including the aforementioned in-situ tensile-torsion composite loading device, and also includes an imaging component. The detection path of the imaging component is staggered with the main frame, and the imaging component is used to detect the sample 13. This approach avoids interference between the imaging component and the main frame, fundamentally eliminating the interference of the main frame on the imaging process, ensuring full-angle coverage and three-dimensional reconstruction accuracy of the imaging equipment, and realizing in-situ, dynamic, and three-dimensional visualization characterization of internal damage initiation, crack propagation, and microstructure evolution of materials under complex stress states.

[0055] In one embodiment, the imaging component is a CT imaging component.

[0056] In one embodiment, the CT imaging assembly includes a radiation source 23 and a receiver 12, which are respectively disposed on both sides of the main frame. The radiation emitted by the radiation source 23 passes through the area of ​​the sample 13 and is received by the receiver 12. Through the relative arrangement of the radiation source 23 and the receiver 12, combined with the avoidance design of the main frame, continuous rotational scanning of the sample 13 during loading can be achieved, thereby acquiring high-resolution three-dimensional tomographic images. This structural design effectively avoids the obstruction of the X-ray path by traditional loading devices, significantly improving imaging quality and data acquisition efficiency.

[0057] Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of this invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

Claims

1. An in-situ tension-torsion composite loading device, characterized in that, include: Main framework; A tension assembly, which is mounted on the main frame; A rotating assembly is mounted on the output end of the tensile assembly, and the output end of the rotating assembly is used to connect to the first end of the specimen (13); A damping assembly is mounted on the main frame, and the output end of the damping assembly is connected to the second end of the specimen (13). The damping assembly is capable of providing a torque load to the specimen.

2. The in-situ tension-torsion composite loading device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The damping assembly includes a hysteresis damper (28) and a damping shaft (18). The hysteresis damper (28) is connected to the main frame, and the damping shaft (18) is connected to the output end of the hysteresis damper (28). The damping shaft (18) is used to connect to the second end of the sample (13).

3. The in-situ tension-torsion composite loading device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The damping assembly also includes a first thrust bearing (17) and a second thrust bearing (19), which are respectively installed at the upper and lower ends of the damping shaft (18).

4. The in-situ tension-torsion composite loading device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The stretching assembly includes a servo electric cylinder (1) and a second mounting base (5). The servo electric cylinder (1) is fixedly mounted on the main frame, and the second mounting base (5) is mounted on the output end of the servo electric cylinder (1). The rotating assembly is mounted on the second mounting base (5).

5. The in-situ tension-torsion composite loading device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The main frame includes guide posts (24), the axis of the guide posts (24) is parallel to the axis of the servo electric cylinder (1), at least two guide posts (24) are spaced apart, and the second mounting base (5) has guide holes that match the guide posts (24).

6. The in-situ tension-torsion composite loading device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The rotating assembly includes a drive motor and an active rotating shaft (8). The drive motor is fixedly mounted on the second mounting base (5), and the active rotating shaft (8) is rotatably mounted on the second mounting base (5). The active rotating shaft (8) is connected to the drive motor in a transmission manner.

7. The in-situ tension-torsion composite loading device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The rotating assembly also includes a third thrust bearing (7) and a fourth thrust bearing (9), which are respectively installed at the upper and lower ends of the drive shaft (8).

8. The in-situ tensile-torsional composite loading device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a clamping assembly, which includes a first clamping block (10), a first clamping block (11), a second clamping block (14), and a second clamping block (15). The first clamping block (10) is connected to the output end of the rotating assembly. A first clamping groove for clamping the sample (13) is formed between the first clamping block (11) and the first clamping block (10). The second clamping block (14) is connected to the output end of the damping assembly. A second clamping groove for clamping the sample (13) is formed between the second clamping block (15) and the second clamping block (14).

9. The in-situ tension-torsion composite loading device according to claim 8, characterized in that, It also includes a tension-torsion coupling sensor (16), which is installed between the first clamp fixing block (10) and the output end of the rotating component or between the second clamp fixing block (14) and the output end of the damping component.

10. An in-situ tensile-torsional composite loading system, characterized in that, The in-situ tensile-torsion composite loading device according to any one of claims 1-9 further includes an imaging component, wherein the detection path of the imaging component is staggered with the main frame, and the imaging component is used to detect the sample (13).

Images