A 3D printing replaceable multi-fracture polymer grouting diffusion simulation and monitoring system

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of high polymer grouting test equipment, and discloses a 3D printing replaceable multi-fracture high polymer grouting diffusion simulation and monitoring system, which comprises a bearing frame, a fracture model module, a grouting system, a dynamic water loading system, a data monitoring system and a control system. The fracture model module comprises a plurality of fracture units which are detachably installed in the bearing frame, each unit is internally provided with an independent fracture flow channel, and the outer side is respectively provided with a grouting port, a dynamic water inlet and a dynamic water outlet; the output end of the grouting system is in communication with each grouting port; the dynamic water loading system comprises a plurality of independent water flow driving units, and the control system is in communication connection with each system. The present application can quickly replace 3D printing fracture units with different structural parameters, shorten the working condition switching cycle, and reduce the model processing cost; the independent grouting and dynamic water loading of multiple units can synchronously carry out multiple parallel control tests; the control system can cooperatively adjust the grouting and dynamic water parameters, and accurately restore the dynamic water grouting coupling process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of polymer grouting test equipment technology, and in particular to a 3D-printed replaceable multi-crack polymer grouting diffusion simulation and monitoring system. Background Technology

[0002] Polymer grouting technology, a commonly used rapid reinforcement and seepage prevention technique in geotechnical engineering, is widely applied in tunnel engineering, underground space development, mining, water conservancy projects, and slope stabilization. Polymer grouts possess characteristics such as rapid reaction speed, good fluidity, excellent expansion performance, and high consolidation strength. They can quickly fill rock fissures and pores, improve surrounding rock stability, and effectively block groundwater seepage. Therefore, they have broad application prospects in tunnel grouting reinforcement projects in complex groundwater environments. To study the flow and diffusion laws of polymer grouts in fractured media and their interaction with the groundwater flow field, it is usually necessary to construct a visualized physical model and conduct indoor simulation experiments to obtain experimental data such as grout diffusion morphology, diffusion range, and flow characteristics, providing a basis for engineering design and numerical simulation.

[0003] Existing polymer grouting test devices typically use transparent sheets to create single or simple fracture models, and combine them with grouting and monitoring systems to conduct grout diffusion tests. Some test devices are equipped with water supply systems to simulate groundwater dynamic environments and analyze the impact of groundwater flow on grout diffusion behavior. Some test devices can simulate different fracture structures by changing parameters such as fracture aperture, inclination angle, or roughness. These devices can reflect the diffusion characteristics of grout in a single fracture or under simple working conditions to a certain extent, but they still have certain limitations for complex fracture structures and multi-condition comparative tests.

[0004] While some progress has been made in experimental research on polymer slurry diffusion through cracks, the following limitations still exist: First, existing experimental devices mostly use fixed crack models. When different crack structure parameters need to be simulated, the model needs to be re-fabricated or the entire experimental device needs to be replaced. This results in low efficiency in switching operating conditions and long test preparation cycles, making it difficult to meet the research needs of rapid comparison under multiple operating conditions. Second, existing devices mostly focus on single cracks or a few groups of cracks, making it impossible to achieve independent grouting, independent dynamic water loading, and synchronous monitoring of multiple crack units. This makes it difficult to conduct parallel control tests on multiple groups of cracks, thus restricting the systematic study of slurry diffusion mechanisms under complex crack conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention aims to at least address the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, this invention proposes a 3D-printed replaceable multi-crack polymer grouting diffusion simulation and monitoring system, solving the technical problems of low efficiency in replacing crack models and difficulty in conducting independent comparative tests of multiple cracks in existing experimental devices.

[0006] According to some embodiments of the present invention, a 3D-printed replaceable multi-fracture polymer grouting diffusion simulation and monitoring system includes a support frame, a grouting system, a dynamic water loading system, a fracture model module, a data monitoring system, and a control system. The fracture model module includes multiple fracture units, which are detachably installed within the support frame. Each fracture unit has a fracture flow channel, and the outer side of each fracture unit has a grouting port, a dynamic water inlet, and a dynamic water outlet. The output end of the grouting system is connected to the multiple grouting ports for independently injecting polymer slurry into each fracture flow channel. The dynamic water loading system includes multiple water flow driving units, the output ends of which are connected to the dynamic water inlets, and the input ends of which are connected to the dynamic water outlets. The data monitoring system is used to collect the state parameters and flow field parameters of the slurry diffusion within the fracture flow channels. The control system is communicatively connected to the grouting system, the dynamic water loading system, and the data monitoring system.

[0007] A 3D-printed replaceable multi-fracture polymer grouting diffusion simulation and monitoring system according to some embodiments of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: This invention employs a detachable multi-fracture unit architecture, allowing for rapid replacement of fracture units with different structural parameters according to experimental needs, without requiring overall modification of the experimental setup. This significantly shortens the operational condition switching cycle and improves the construction efficiency of multi-parameter comparative experiments. The fracture units are fabricated using 3D printing, accurately reproducing complex fracture morphologies and reducing the processing cost of customized models. Each fracture unit is equipped with an independent grouting path and an independent dynamic water circulation loop, enabling simultaneous execution of multiple fracture tests with independent parameter control. This allows for parallel control experiments and simulation of combined scenarios under different operating conditions, significantly improving the systematic nature and operational efficiency of experimental research. The control system is fully communicatively connected to the grouting, dynamic water, and monitoring systems. Based on real-time acquisition of slurry diffusion status and flow field parameters, it can collaboratively adjust grouting and dynamic water parameters, accurately reproducing the coupling process of slurry diffusion in underground dynamic water environments, effectively improving the accuracy and engineering reference value of experimental results.

[0008] According to some embodiments of the present invention, a 3D-printed replaceable multi-fracture polymer grouting diffusion simulation and monitoring system includes a supporting frame comprising an outer frame and multiple transparent sealing plates. The multiple transparent sealing plates are disposed on the inner side of the outer frame, and the multiple transparent sealing plates enclose an installation space. Multiple fracture units are detachably disposed within the installation space, and a transparent sealing plate is disposed between every two adjacent fracture units to provide a gap. The fracture model module includes multiple side plates, and side plates are disposed on both sides of the fracture body to form fracture flow channels that are open only at the top and bottom.

[0009] According to some embodiments of the present invention, a 3D printed replaceable multi-crack polymer grouting diffusion simulation and monitoring system is provided on one side of the outer frame. The openable plate is hinged to the outer frame by a hinge. A handle is provided on the outer surface of the openable plate. A locking member is provided on the side of the outer frame away from the hinge. The locking member is used to lock the openable plate after it is closed.

[0010] According to some embodiments of the present invention, a 3D-printed replaceable multi-fracture polymer grouting diffusion simulation and monitoring system includes a support frame further comprising a tunnel model and a bottom support frame. The tunnel model is disposed at the bottom of the outer frame, and the top of the bottom support frame is connected to the bottom of the outer frame.

[0011] According to some embodiments of the present invention, a 3D printed replaceable multi-fracture polymer grouting diffusion simulation and monitoring system is provided on the outer wall of the installation space, corresponding to each fracture unit installation station, with multiple positioning holes provided; multiple positioning columns are provided on the back side of the fracture unit, and the positioning holes and positioning columns are provided one-to-one; when the fracture unit is installed to the predetermined position, the positioning columns pass through the positioning holes and partially protrude.

[0012] According to some embodiments of the present invention, a 3D printed replaceable multi-fracture polymer grouting diffusion simulation and monitoring system is provided with a boss on the outer side of the side plate and a positioning groove on the transparent closed plate located on both sides of the fracture unit; the boss and the positioning groove are provided in a one-to-one correspondence; during installation, the boss slides along the positioning groove to guide the fracture unit to the installation position in a predetermined direction.

[0013] According to some embodiments of the present invention, a 3D printed replaceable multi-crack polymer grouting diffusion simulation and monitoring system is provided with mounting grooves on the periphery of the sidewall of the crack unit, as well as on the periphery of the openable plate and the transparent closed plate, and sealing strips are embedded in the mounting grooves.

[0014] According to some embodiments of the present invention, a 3D printed replaceable multi-fracture polymer grouting diffusion simulation and monitoring system is provided on the bottom support frame. The angle adjustment component is connected to the bearing frame and is used to adjust the overall tilt angle and spatial attitude of the fracture model module. A horizontal indicator device is provided on the outer periphery of the bearing frame.

[0015] According to some embodiments of the present invention, a 3D-printed replaceable multi-fracture polymer grouting diffusion simulation and monitoring system is provided. The water flow drive unit includes a water supply device, a filter tank, and a water delivery pipe. The outlet of the water supply device is connected to the dynamic water inlet of the fracture unit through the water delivery pipe. After the water flows into the fracture channel through the dynamic water channel, it flows out through the dynamic water outlet and is filtered by the filter tank to remove impurities. Then it returns to the water supply device through the water delivery pipe, forming an independent circulating dynamic water loop.

[0016] According to some embodiments of the present invention, a 3D-printed replaceable multi-fracture polymer grouting diffusion simulation and monitoring system is provided. The data monitoring system includes an image acquisition unit, a temperature sensing unit, a pressure sensing unit, and a signal acquisition unit. The image acquisition unit is used to acquire visual image data of the grout diffusion process. The temperature sensing unit and the pressure sensing unit are used to acquire temperature and pressure parameters within the fractured flow channels. The image acquisition unit, the temperature sensing unit, and the pressure sensing unit are all communicatively connected to the control system through the signal acquisition unit to achieve synchronous data acquisition and transmission.

[0017] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the bottom structure of the load-bearing frame and the crack model module in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the load-bearing frame and the crack model module in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure after the top transparent sealing plate is hidden in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the grouting machine according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 .

[0023] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the grouting machine according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 .

[0024] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the crack unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the crack unit in an embodiment of the present invention with one of the side plates hidden.

[0026] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the openable and closable plate according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of one of the transparent sealing plates in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the plug structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Reference numerals: 211, outer frame; 212, tunnel model; 213, bottom support frame; 214, transparent enclosure plate; 215, positioning hole; 216, positioning groove; 217, mounting slot; 221. Angle adjustment assembly; 222. Level indicator; 223. Hinge; 224. Frame handle; 225. Locking element; 231. Fractured element; 232. Fractured flow channel; 233. Flowing water channel; 234. Side plate; 235. Boss; 236. Fixing hole; 237. Screw hole; 238. Positioning post; 311. Grouting machine; 312. Grouting pipe; 313. Grouting gun; 314. Grouting head; 315. Pressure gauge; 316. Grouting machine display screen; 317. Grouting command button; 318. Grouting port; 321. Grout delivery pipe; 322. Drive motor; 323a. Grout tank A; 323b. Grout tank B; 411. Water supply device; 412. Water outlet; 413. Water inlet; 414. Filter tank; 415. Water pipe; 416. Water supply display screen; 417. Water supply command button; 418. Flowing water inlet; 419. Flowing water outlet; 511. Image acquisition unit; 512. Image signal acquisition device; 523. Temperature and pressure signal acquisition device; 531. Sensing element mounting hole; 532. Plug; 611. Computer. Detailed Implementation

[0030] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0031] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the orientation descriptions, such as up, down, left, right, front, and back, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the module or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting this invention.

[0032] In the description of this invention, the use of "first" and "second" is for the purpose of distinguishing technical features only, and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated or the order of the technical features indicated.

[0033] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly defined, terms such as "set up," "install," and "connect" should be interpreted broadly, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention in conjunction with the specific content of the technical solution.

[0034] like Figure 1 As shown in this embodiment, a 3D-printed replaceable multi-fracture polymer grouting diffusion simulation and monitoring system includes a load-bearing frame and a tunnel fracture model module, a grouting system, a dynamic water loading system, a data monitoring system, and a control system. The control system is communicatively connected to the grouting system, the dynamic water loading system, and the data monitoring system, and is used to uniformly control the grouting process, the dynamic water loading process, and the experimental data acquisition process. Based on the acquired grout diffusion state, temperature, pressure, and flow field parameters, the control system dynamically adjusts the grouting system and the dynamic water loading system, achieving coupled control of the dynamic water action and the polymer grout diffusion process.

[0035] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the load-bearing frame and tunnel fracture model module include a load-bearing frame, fracture model installation components, and fracture model modules. The load-bearing frame includes an outer frame 211, a tunnel model 212, a bottom support frame 213, a transparent enclosure plate 214, positioning holes 215, positioning grooves 216, mounting grooves 217, and locking components 225. The outer frame 211 and the bottom support frame 213 are made of metal and serve as the main load-bearing structure of the entire test system. The transparent enclosure plate 214 is made of acrylic and, together with the outer frame 211, encloses multiple independent fracture model installation spaces. The transparent enclosure plate 214 combines sealing protection with visualization observation functions, allowing real-time observation of the slurry diffusion process and dynamic water flow state within the fracture flow channel 232.

[0036] The fracture model installation assembly includes an angle adjustment component 221 and a horizontal indicator 222. The angle adjustment component 221 is mounted on the bottom support frame and connected to the supporting frame 211. It is used to adjust the overall tilt angle and spatial attitude of the fracture model module. The horizontal indicator 222 is located on the outer periphery of the supporting frame 211. The angle adjustment component 221 can drive the fracture model module to rotate around the support axis, adjusting the spatial attitude of the fracture model to simulate the slurry diffusion and groundwater flow process under different tilt angle conditions. The horizontal indicator 222 is used for attitude calibration during installation to maintain the set tilt angle of the model and ensure experimental accuracy.

[0037] One side of the outer frame 211 is provided with an openable plate, which is hinged to the outer frame 211 via a hinge 223. A frame handle 224 is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the openable plate. A locking element 225 is provided at a corresponding position on the outer frame 211. When installing or replacing the crack model, first release the locking element 225, then hold the frame handle 224 to drive the openable plate to rotate around the hinge 223 to open it, forming an installation channel for the crack model; after the crack model is installed, close the openable plate and lock the locking element 225 to form a stable closed installation space.

[0038] like Figure 4 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the fracture model module includes multiple independently arranged fracture units 231, each fabricated using 3D printing technology. Each fracture unit 231 consists of a 3D-printed main body with a pre-fabricated fracture structure and side plates 234 on both sides of the main body. A fracture flow channel 232 is formed within the fracture main body, and the top of the fracture flow channel 232 extends to form a flowing water channel 233. The side plates 234 are made of transparent acrylic material and have fixing holes 236 on them. Screw holes 237 are pre-fabricated at corresponding positions on the fracture main body. During assembly, bolts are passed through the fixing holes 236 and screwed into the screw holes 237 to fix the two side plates 234 to both sides of the fracture main body, forming a fracture flow channel 232 with openings only at the top and bottom. A boss 235 is provided on the outer side of the side plate 234 for engaging with the guide structure within the supporting frame.

[0039] To achieve rapid and accurate installation of the fracture unit, this embodiment includes a guiding and positioning mechanism. Positioning grooves 216 are machined on the acrylic plates on both sides of the enclosed installation space, and corresponding bosses 235 are provided on the side plates 234. During installation, the fracture unit 231 is pushed into the installation space from one side of the openable plate. The bosses 235 first embed into the positioning grooves 216 and slide along the extension direction of the positioning grooves, guiding the fracture unit 231 smoothly to the preset installation position, preventing displacement or jamming during installation.

[0040] like Figure 4 and Figure 8 As shown, to further improve installation accuracy, the transparent sealing plate 214 has four positioning holes 215 corresponding to each installation position of the crack unit, and four positioning posts 238 are correspondingly provided on the back of the crack unit 231. When the crack unit 231 is pushed to the installation end point, the positioning posts 238 are inserted into the positioning holes 215 and their ends extend out of the positioning holes, achieving precise positioning of the crack unit 231 in the front-back and left-right directions, improving installation stability, and ensuring the positioning accuracy of repeated disassembly and assembly of the crack unit.

[0041] like Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, to ensure the airtightness of the test process, this embodiment is equipped with a double sealing structure. The periphery of the side plate 234 has a mounting groove 217, and the periphery of the openable plate and the transparent closed plate also has mounting grooves 217. Sealing strips are embedded in each mounting groove 217. After the fracture unit is installed and the locking member 225 is tightened, the sealing strips are pressed between the side plate 234 and the transparent closed plate 214, and between the openable plate and the outer frame 211, respectively forming a fracture flow channel seal and an installation space seal, effectively preventing the leakage of slurry and circulating water.

[0042] Each fracture unit 231 has a dynamic water flow channel 233 at the top, and a dynamic water inlet 418 and a dynamic water outlet 419 respectively, and a grouting port 318 at the bottom. Before the test begins, a circulating water flow is established through a dynamic water loading system. This system includes a water flow drive unit, which includes a water supply device 411, a filter tank 414, and a water pipe 415. The water supply device 411 has a water supply display screen 416 and a water supply command button 417 on its panel. The water supply display screen 416 is used to display the operating parameters such as the flow rate and flow rate of the circulating water in real time, and the water supply command button 417 is used to control the start and stop of the water supply device and adjust the operating parameters. The circulating water output from the water supply device 411 enters the water pipe 415 through the outlet 412, and then enters the dynamic water flow channel 233 at the top of the fissure unit through the dynamic water inlet 418. After the water flow is evenly distributed along the dynamic water flow channel 233, it enters the fissure flow channel 232, forming a stable dynamic water flow field. The circulating water after flowing through the fissure flow channel 232 flows out through the dynamic water outlet 419, and after being filtered by the filter tank 414 to remove slurry residue and impurities, it returns to the water supply device 411 through the water pipe 415 and the inlet 413, forming a continuous circulating dynamic water loading loop.

[0043] like Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, the grouting system includes a grout output unit and a power and storage unit. The power and storage unit includes a drive motor 322, a grout delivery pipe 321, a grout tank A 323a, and a grout tank B 323b. The drive motor 322 drives the grouting machine 311, causing grout A and grout B to be delivered from their respective grout tanks to the grouting machine 311 for mixing. The mixture is then injected through the grouting pipe 312, grouting gun 313, and grouting head 314 into the grouting port 318 at the bottom of the fracture unit, and finally diffuses into the fracture flow channel 232. During the grouting process, a pressure gauge 315 monitors the grouting pressure in real time, a grouting machine display screen 316 displays the equipment's operating status, and a grouting command button 317 controls the start / stop of grouting and parameter adjustment.

[0044] The data monitoring system includes an image acquisition unit, a sensing unit, and auxiliary components. The image acquisition unit 511 is positioned aligned with the transparent sealing plate 214 to continuously acquire data throughout the slurry diffusion process. The image signal acquisition unit 512 is used to acquire and transmit image data. Temperature sensing units (not shown) and pressure sensing units (not shown) are installed in the sensing element mounting holes 531 according to experimental requirements. Their detection signals are transmitted to the control system via the temperature and pressure signal acquisition unit 523 for synchronous processing. The control system includes a computer 611, which processes the data. If no sensing elements are installed, such as... Figure 11 As shown, a plug 532 is used to seal the sensor mounting hole 531 to prevent leakage of slurry or circulating water.

[0045] The experiment was conducted according to the following procedure: First, a fracture element 231 with corresponding structural parameters is selected according to the research objectives. The openable plate is opened, and the fracture element is installed into the load-bearing frame, completing the guiding positioning and side plate locking. Then, the grouting system, dynamic water loading system, and data monitoring system are connected. The grouting pressure, grouting rate, circulating water flow rate, and monitoring parameters are set through the control system. The dynamic water loading system is started, and after a stable dynamic water flow field is formed, the grouting system is started to inject polymer grout into the fracture channel 232. Simultaneously, the data monitoring system collects real-time data such as grout diffusion images, temperature changes, and pressure changes. After the experiment, the locking piece 225 is opened, the current fracture element 231 is removed, and a fracture element with other structural parameters can be replaced to conduct comparative experiments. This eliminates the need to rebuild the experimental platform, effectively improving the simulation efficiency and experimental repeatability of complex fracture conditions.

[0046] This system adopts a multi-unit independent and detachable crack model architecture, which can quickly replace crack units 231 with different structural parameters without requiring overall modification of the test device. This effectively improves the construction efficiency of multi-condition tests, reduces model processing costs, and allows for flexible comparative tests under different crack morphologies, openings, and roughness conditions.

[0047] Each fracture unit 231 in this system is equipped with an independent grouting passage and an independent dynamic water circulation loop, which can realize the simultaneous implementation of multiple fracture tests and independent parameter control. It can conduct parallel control tests and simulate combined scenarios of different working conditions, significantly improving the systematic nature and efficiency of experimental research.

[0048] This system integrates a data monitoring and collaborative control system, which can collect grout diffusion morphology, temperature, pressure and flow field parameters in real time, and dynamically adjust grouting pressure, grouting rate and dynamic water flow velocity according to the monitoring results, so as to truly reproduce the coupling process of dynamic water and grouting, and improve the accuracy of test results and engineering reference value.

[0049] This system, with its side-opening disassembly and assembly structure and guiding and positioning mechanism, enables rapid installation and high-precision repeatable positioning of the fracture unit, improving assembly efficiency and test repeatability. The double-sealed structure effectively prevents leakage of slurry and water, ensuring the stability of the test process. The circulating water circuit with a filter unit reduces the wear and tear on the water supply equipment caused by impurities, extends the service life of the equipment, and improves the operational stability of the water flow field.

[0050] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A 3D-printed replaceable multi-fracture polymer grouting diffusion simulation and monitoring system, characterized in that: The system includes a supporting frame, a grouting system, a dynamic water loading system, a fracture model module, a data monitoring system, and a control system. The fracture model module comprises multiple fracture units, which are detachably installed within the supporting frame. Each fracture unit contains a fracture flow channel, and its outer side is provided with a grouting port, a dynamic water inlet, and a dynamic water outlet. The output end of the grouting system is connected to the multiple grouting ports for independently injecting polymer grout into each fracture flow channel. The dynamic water loading system includes multiple water flow driving units, each with its output end connected to a dynamic water inlet and its input end connected to a dynamic water outlet. The data monitoring system is used to collect the state parameters and flow field parameters of the grout diffusion within the fracture flow channels. The control system is communicatively connected to the grouting system, the dynamic water loading system, and the data monitoring system.

2. The 3D-printed replaceable multi-fracture polymer grouting diffusion simulation and monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The supporting frame includes an outer frame and multiple transparent enclosed plates. The multiple transparent enclosed plates are disposed inside the outer frame and enclose an installation space. The multiple crack units can be detachably disposed in the installation space. A transparent enclosed plate is disposed between every two adjacent crack units to provide a gap. Side plates are disposed on both sides of the crack body to form a crack flow channel that is open only at the top and bottom.

3. The 3D-printed replaceable multi-fracture polymer grouting diffusion simulation and monitoring system according to claim 2, characterized in that: An openable panel is provided on one side of the outer frame. The openable panel is hinged to the outer frame via a hinge. A handle is provided on the outer surface of the openable panel. A locking element is provided on the side of the outer frame away from the hinge. The locking element is used to lock the openable panel after it is closed.

4. The 3D-printed replaceable multi-fracture polymer grouting diffusion simulation and monitoring system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The load-bearing frame also includes a tunnel model and a bottom support frame. The tunnel model is located at the bottom of the outer frame, and the top of the bottom support frame is connected to the bottom of the outer frame.

5. The 3D-printed replaceable multi-fracture polymer grouting diffusion simulation and monitoring system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The outer wall of the installation space is provided with multiple positioning holes corresponding to each installation station of the fissure unit; multiple positioning posts are provided on the back side of the fissure unit, and the positioning holes and positioning posts are provided one-to-one; when the fissure unit is installed in the predetermined position, the positioning posts pass through the positioning holes and partially protrude.

6. The 3D-printed replaceable multi-fracture polymer grouting diffusion simulation and monitoring system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The side plate is provided with a boss on the outer side, and the transparent closed plate on both sides of the fissure unit is provided with a positioning groove; the boss and the positioning groove are provided one-to-one. During the installation process, the boss slides along the positioning groove to guide the fissure unit to the installation position in a predetermined direction.

7. The 3D-printed replaceable multi-fracture polymer grouting diffusion simulation and monitoring system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The periphery of the side wall of the fissure unit, as well as the periphery of the openable plate and the transparent closed plate, are provided with mounting grooves, and sealing strips are embedded in the mounting grooves.

8. The 3D-printed replaceable multi-fracture polymer grouting diffusion simulation and monitoring system according to claim 4, characterized in that: An angle adjustment component is provided on the bottom support frame. The angle adjustment component is connected to the bearing frame and is used to adjust the overall tilt angle and spatial attitude of the fracture model module. A horizontal indicator device is provided on the outer periphery of the bearing frame.

9. The 3D-printed replaceable multi-fracture polymer grouting diffusion simulation and monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water flow drive unit includes a water supply device, a filter tank, and a water delivery pipe. The outlet of the water supply device is connected to the moving water inlet of the fissure unit through the water delivery pipe. After the water flows into the fissure channel through the moving water channel, it flows out through the moving water outlet and is filtered by the filter tank to remove impurities. Then it returns to the water supply device through the water delivery pipe, forming an independent circulating moving water loop.

10. A 3D-printed replaceable multi-fracture polymer grouting diffusion simulation and monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data monitoring system includes an image acquisition unit, a temperature sensing unit, a pressure sensing unit, and a signal acquisition unit. The image acquisition unit is used to acquire visual image data of the slurry diffusion process, and the temperature sensing unit and pressure sensing unit are used to acquire temperature and pressure parameters within the fractured flow channel. The image acquisition unit, the temperature sensing unit, and the pressure sensing unit are all connected to the control system through the signal acquisition unit to achieve synchronous data acquisition and transmission.

Images